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13 Special Education Categories: A Journey Through Diverse Learning Needs
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, PhD, Professor of Special Education, University of California, Berkeley. (30 years experience in special education, specializing in inclusive practices and individualized education programs (IEPs))
Publisher: Bright Futures Publishing – A leading publisher of educational resources for special education professionals and parents.
Editor: Ms. Sarah Chen, M.Ed, Certified Special Education Teacher, 15 years experience working with students across the 13 special education categories.
Keywords: 13 special education categories, special education, IEP, individualized education program, learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disabilities, emotional disturbance, speech and language impairments, visual impairments, hearing impairments, orthopedic impairments, other health impairments, traumatic brain injury, autism, special needs education
Introduction: Understanding the 13 special education categories is crucial for educators, parents, and anyone working with children with diverse learning needs. This narrative delves into each category, providing personal anecdotes and case studies to illuminate the complexities and unique challenges faced by students within these classifications. We will explore the 13 special education categories, highlighting the importance of individualized support and inclusive practices.
1. Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD): Many students struggle with specific academic skills, such as reading, writing, or mathematics, despite possessing average or above-average intelligence. I recall a student, Alex, who excelled in science but struggled immensely with reading comprehension. Through targeted interventions and accommodations, Alex eventually graduated high school and went on to college. This highlights the importance of identifying and addressing specific learning disabilities within the 13 special education categories.
2. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): ASD encompasses a wide range of challenges related to social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. I worked with a young girl, Lily, who initially struggled with communication and social interaction. Through applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy and early intervention, Lily learned to communicate her needs effectively and interact more appropriately with her peers. This demonstrates the effectiveness of early intervention strategies for students within the 13 special education categories diagnosed with ASD.
3. Intellectual Disabilities (ID): Students with intellectual disabilities may experience significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. I remember working with Michael, a student with Down syndrome. With patience, individualized instruction, and a supportive classroom environment, Michael made significant progress in his academic and life skills. His success underscored the importance of individualized education programs (IEPs) tailored to the specific needs of students within the 13 special education categories.
4. Emotional Disturbance (ED): This category encompasses students who exhibit persistent behavioral or emotional problems that significantly affect their educational performance. I worked with David, a student who struggled with anxiety and anger management issues. Through counseling and behavioral interventions, David learned coping mechanisms and improved his social skills significantly, demonstrating the positive outcomes possible when addressing emotional disturbances within the 13 special education categories.
5. Speech or Language Impairments: These impairments involve difficulties with articulation, fluency, language comprehension, or social use of language. One of my students, Sarah, had a significant speech impediment that initially hindered her communication. With speech therapy, she improved her clarity and confidence, showcasing the transformative power of targeted intervention for students within the 13 special education categories.
6. Visual Impairments: This includes students with blindness or low vision, requiring specialized instructional techniques and assistive technology. I worked with a visually impaired student, Emily, who excelled in math and science with the help of Braille and screen readers. This highlights the importance of providing appropriate assistive technology for students within the 13 special education categories with visual impairments.
7. Hearing Impairments: Students with hearing impairments require specialized instruction, often including sign language and assistive listening devices. I had a student, John, who learned to communicate effectively through sign language, demonstrating how adaptations can create equal access for students within the 13 special education categories.
8. Orthopedic Impairments: These impairments involve physical disabilities affecting bones, muscles, or joints. A student, Maria, who used a wheelchair, demonstrated remarkable resilience and academic achievement. This showcases the importance of creating inclusive learning environments for students within the 13 special education categories with physical disabilities.
9. Other Health Impairments (OHI): OHI encompasses a broad range of conditions, including diabetes, epilepsy, asthma, and ADHD. One student, Kevin, managed his ADHD effectively through medication and behavioral strategies, emphasizing the importance of understanding and supporting students within the 13 special education categories who have such diverse needs.
10. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Students with TBI require individualized support due to cognitive, physical, and emotional challenges. I worked with a student who experienced a TBI and, through intensive rehabilitation, made significant progress in recovering his cognitive skills. This reinforces the value of specialized support for students within the 13 special education categories.
11. Deaf-Blindness: This extremely rare category involves both significant hearing and visual impairments. These students need intensive multi-sensory instruction and specialized support systems.
12. Multiple Disabilities: Students with multiple disabilities have significant challenges across several areas of development. These students require individualized and intensive support tailored to their specific needs. This category highlights the profound impact of diverse challenges within the context of the 13 special education categories.
13. Developmental Delay: This category is used for preschool-aged children who are behind in their development in one or more areas. Early intervention is critical for these children to help them catch up to their peers.
(Case Study Continued): Many students who fall under these 13 special education categories require individualized education programs (IEPs) to ensure they receive appropriate support and instruction. The IEP process is collaborative, involving parents, educators, and other professionals. It outlines specific goals and strategies designed to help the student reach their full potential.
Conclusion: The 13 special education categories represent a diverse population of learners with unique strengths and challenges. Understanding these categories, along with the importance of individualized support, inclusive practices, and collaboration between families and educators, is essential to ensuring that all students have the opportunity to thrive. By fostering supportive and inclusive environments, we can empower these students to reach their full potential and achieve success.
FAQs:
1. What is an IEP? An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a legally binding document outlining the specific educational goals and services a student with a disability will receive.
2. How are students identified for special education services? Students are identified through a multi-step process involving assessments, observations, and collaboration between parents and professionals.
3. What is the difference between an IEP and a 504 plan? A 504 plan is a plan under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, offering accommodations for students with disabilities that don't require specialized instruction. IEPs, in contrast, offer specialized instruction and related services.
4. Are all students with disabilities eligible for special education services? No, only students who meet specific eligibility criteria under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) are eligible.
5. What are some common accommodations used in special education? Accommodations can include extended time on tests, preferential seating, assistive technology, and modified assignments.
6. How can parents advocate for their child's educational needs? Parents should actively participate in IEP meetings, communicate regularly with their child's teachers, and seek support from parent advocacy groups.
7. What is the role of the special education teacher? Special education teachers provide specialized instruction and support to students with disabilities, working in collaboration with general education teachers and other professionals.
8. What are some strategies for creating an inclusive classroom? Inclusive classrooms focus on differentiated instruction, positive behavior support, and collaboration between general education and special education teachers.
9. Where can I find more information on the 13 special education categories? The U.S. Department of Education's website and other special education organizations provide comprehensive information.
Related Articles:
1. Understanding Specific Learning Disabilities: This article delves into the various types of SLDs, diagnostic methods, and effective intervention strategies.
2. Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Guide: This article covers the diagnostic criteria, characteristics, and treatment options for ASD.
3. Supporting Students with Intellectual Disabilities: This article explores effective teaching strategies, assistive technology, and inclusive practices for students with ID.
4. Addressing Emotional Disturbances in the Classroom: This article provides practical strategies for managing challenging behaviors and creating a supportive classroom environment for students with ED.
5. Effective Communication Strategies for Students with Speech and Language Impairments: This article examines different approaches to speech and language therapy and how to support communication in the classroom.
6. Inclusive Practices for Students with Visual Impairments: This article discusses assistive technology, adapted materials, and effective teaching strategies for students with visual impairments.
7. Assistive Technology for Students with Disabilities: This article explores a wide range of assistive technologies available to support students across the 13 special education categories.
8. Creating Inclusive Physical Education Programs: This article discusses adapting physical activities and creating inclusive environments for students with orthopedic impairments and other physical disabilities.
9. The Role of Collaboration in Special Education: This article highlights the importance of teamwork between parents, teachers, therapists, and other professionals in ensuring successful outcomes for students with disabilities.
| 13 special education categories: The SAGE Handbook of Special Education Lani Florian, 2006-11-16 '[T]his book provides an excellent overview of special education, which will be a valuable resource for teachers, school managers and administrators, parents and indeed anyone with an interest in the development of provision for pupils with special educational needs. It is also likely to be an invaluable source book for researchers and postgraduate students alike' - REACH 'The Handbook offers a range of views on how to empower all learners to transcend their current performance and go beyond the limits' - Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology `This text makes an important contribution to special education. Perhaps, more significantly, it makes an important contribution to inclusive education, and possibly, even more widely, to education in general...it is a book that has significance for all of us who wish to move education towards a more equitable, democratic, humane, and dignified system for our young people' - Education in the North In recent years there has been increasingly vigorous debate about the nature and purpose of special education, and what might be considered the appropriate responses to pupils who experience difficulties in learning. This Handbook brings together the most up to date knowledge of this area and will serve as the major source book of authoritative information and ideas about current and future directions for special education. It examines the intricate relation between theory, research and practice, and places a particular emphasis on what has been learned about providing for students who experience difficulties in learning, how these understandings can contribute to new conceptualisations of special education and the development of more inclusive schools. This comprehensive, research-based work, brings together scholarship on an international level, and covers topics that transcend national boundaries. It will become essential reading for all professionals and academics with any interest in this important and dynamic field. |
| 13 special education categories: Disability Classification in Education Lani Florian, Margaret J. McLaughlin, 2008-04-03 Makes a strong contribution to the field, illuminating many issues and significant concerns.-Mary Carlson, Special Education TeacherPark Hill K-8 School, Denver, COA unique, timeless collection that raises interesting questions about disability classification internationally.-Wendy Dallman, Special Education TeacherNew London High School, WIPromote equal educational opportunity through improved classification practices!The identification of children for special educational services has long been a topic of debate. Are students classified accurately? Do current classification systems produce adequate education services? Have systems designed to ensure equity instead resulted in discrimination?Disability Classification in Education offers a comprehensive analysis of current classification systems and categorical labels in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other countries. Covering specific national policies from historical, sociological, and legal perspectives, this collection of articles from a group of esteemed educational researchers identifies the disparities between different classification systems and suggests changes based on recent requirements, challenges, and trends. Aligned with NCLB and the reauthorization of IDEA 2004, this edited volume examines:The evolution of special education classification policies The relevance of existing disability classification systemsDilemmas educators face in using current classification proceduresAlternatives for serving learners with special needs Approaches to developing a standardized or universal classification policyIntended to stimulate discussion and spark change, this guide helps school or district administrators and university faculty improve the professional practice of those entrusted with the development and well-being of children with disabilities. |
| 13 special education categories: The Global Convergence Of Vocational and Special Education John G. Richardson, Jinting Wu, Douglas M. Judge, 2016-12-01 The global trend in educational participation has brought with it a cross-national consequence: the expansion of students with special needs (SEN) placed in special education and the growth of low achieving students diverted to vocational tracks. This book explores the global expansion of special and vocational education as a highly variable event, not only across nations of considerable economic, political and cultural difference, but between nations with evident similarities as well. The Global Convergence of Vocational and Special Education analyzes how the concept of secular benevolence underscores the divergent and convergent trajectories that vocational and special education have taken across the globe. The authors embrace national differences as the means to observe two dicta of comparative research: similar origins can result in very different outcomes, and similar outcomes can be the result of very different origins. |
| 13 special education categories: The General Educator's Guide to Special Education Jody L. Maanum, 2009-03-26 The essential guide for teaching effectively in the inclusive classroom! The third edition of this handbook offers easy-to-implement ideas, recommendations, and answers to questions to help general education teachers provide top-notch support for all students. In addition to an all-new section that outlines the basics of the RTI model and intervention strategies, this resource covers: 13 categories recognized under IDEA 2004 for which students may be eligible to receive special education services A step-by-step explanation of the special education process Accommodations and modifications to help students access the general education curriculum The transition process for students with special needs |
| 13 special education categories: Alaskan Natives and Other Minorities in the Special Education Programs of Four Alaskan School Districts United States Commission on Civil Rights. Alaska Advisory Committee, 1999 This report of the Alaska Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights was prepared for the information and consideration of the Commission.--Cover. |
| 13 special education categories: Advising Preservice Teachers Through Narratives From Students With Disabilities Cassidy, Kimberly Dianne, Sande, Beverly, 2021-10-22 The lives of students with disabilities need to be told in ways that inform preservice teachers about the work involved to legally and morally meet the needs of these students. Hearing the positive and negative experiences of students with disabilities from elementary through college can inform preservice teachers as well as potentially prevent them from repeating some of the same mistakes. The richness of the personal stories of these students and how their experiences can shape the future for students like them offers teachable moments for professors and preservice teachers to use in classrooms. Advising Preservice Teachers Through Narratives From Students With Disabilities heralds the stories of students with disabilities as they trace their journey from the PK-12 setting into university and adult life and addresses aspects that any new teacher must know in order to meet the needs of today's PK-12 classrooms. Covering topics such as social justice, virtual learning, and faculty convenience, it is ideal for preservice teachers, practicing teachers, administrators, professors, researchers, academicians, and students. |
| 13 special education categories: The Fundamentals of Special Education Robert Algozzine, James E. Ysseldyke, 2006-03-13 A guide to the essentials of special education looks at various aspects of the field, from statistics and disability categories to appropriate learning environments. |
| 13 special education categories: The Legal Foundations of Special Education James E. Ysseldyke, Robert Algozzine, 2006-03-13 This resource reviews the most influential laws affecting special education services and includes assessments to help readers evaluate their understanding of current legal practices. |
| 13 special education categories: Teaching Students With Special Needs in Inclusive Classrooms Diane P. Bryant, Brian R. Bryant, Deborah D. Smith, 2019-03-05 Inspire and equip current and future classroom teachers to ADAPT to the needs of all students. Teaching Students with Special Needs in Inclusive Classrooms uses the research-validated ADAPT framework (Ask, Determine, Analyze, Propose, Test) to help teachers determine how, when, and with whom to use proven academic and behavioral interventions to obtain the best outcomes for students with disabilities. Through clear language and practical examples, authors Diane P. Bryant, Brian R. Bryant, and Deborah D. Smith show how to create truly inclusive classrooms through evidence-based practices and hands-on strategies. The Second Edition includes strategically reorganized chapters, a new chapter devoted to differentiated instruction, and new classroom footage and teacher interviews illustrating how readers can implement the strategies discussed in their own classrooms. With the help of this supportive guide, educators will be inspired to teach students with disabilities in inclusive settings and be properly equipped to do so effectively. A Complete Teaching & Learning Package SAGE Premium Video Included in the interactive eBook! SAGE Premium Video tools and resources boost comprehension and bolster analysis. Interactive eBook Your students save when you bundle the print version with the Interactive eBook (Bundle ISBN: 978-1-5443-7037-8), which includes access to SAGE Premium Video and other multimedia tools. SAGE coursepacks SAGE coursepacks makes it easy to import our quality instructor and student resource content into your school’s learning management system (LMS). Intuitive and simple to use, SAGE coursepacks allows you to customize course content to meet your students’ needs. SAGE edge This companion website offers both instructors and students a robust online environment with an impressive array of teaching and learning resources. |
| 13 special education categories: Oversight on Education for All Handicapped Children Act, 1979 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on the Handicapped, 1980 |
| 13 special education categories: The Fundamentals of Special Education Bob Algozzine, Jim Ysseldyke, 2006-03-13 This guide highlights major concepts in special education—from disability categories, identification issues, and IEPs to appropriate learning environments and the roles general and special educators play. |
| 13 special education categories: Inclusive Education Theory and Policy: Moving from Special Educational Needs to Equity Sue Soan, Jeremy Monsen, 2023-06-29 “This book, co-authored by long time practitioners, brilliantly demonstrates that an inequitable, illiberal education system can be changed to become inclusive and equitable. With one part examining the system over the decades since the Warnock report, and a second part presenting policy and practice for a fairer system with an end to a SEND industry, it presents a state-maintained education system desperately in need of radical reform that can be renewed to serve all children and young people. Professor Sally Tomlinson, Emeritus Professor Goldsmiths at the University of London, UK, Honorary Fellow at the Department of Education, University of Oxford, UK “This book is a wake-up call to us all to the ‘liberation’ of our current system… it invit[es] active engagement in change through review and reflection… I would recommend this book to my teachers.” Dr Stella Scharinger, Primary School Executive Head Teacher, The Stour Academy Trust, UK This is an important and imaginative book written by two experts whose writing is always both clear and engaging. It is both theoretically sound but also very practical. It deals with extremely important issues and deserves a wide readership. Professor Adrian Furnham, Professor of Psychology, Norwegian Business School, Norway “Dr Sue Soan and Prof Jeremy J Monsen have written what is undoubtedly one of the most thought-provoking books on inclusive education of our time. They have captured perfectly the evolution of the education system in England to date demonstrating how good intentions have too often failed to deliver good outcomes... No stone is left unturned by Sue and Jeremy. From teacher education and technology to teacher retention and the curriculum, excellent insights and ideas are provided in abundance. It is a book that is itself built on inclusive principles designed for a broad readership extending beyond educators and into the general public. This is a book that everybody should read at least once, and probably more than once.” Professor Adam Boddison, Chief Executive of the Association for Project Management, UK This book provides a critical overview of the development of the Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) ‘industry’ within the English state education system. It connects the work of earlier educational thinkers with the challenges faced by school leaders, teachers, parents, carers and policy makers today. Moving from separate systems towards a truly integrated and inclusive educational system, the authors explore which areas have been undervalued and why. Instead they encourage debate and the chance to explore new ideas away from the constant cycle of reforms without improvements. The book: • Proposes how to move beyond inclusion vs. exclusion • Provides guiding principles to create true equity within education • Analyses past and present issues in the sector across policy and practice Inclusive Education Theory and Policy is essential reading for anyone interested in building an education system that is for every child. It provides an incisive analysis of how to make SEND truly equitable and is relevant across all career stages. Sue Soan is Senior Lecturer at Canterbury Christ Church University, UK and the facilitator of the research group Action for Collaborative Transformation (ACT), which is working to improve collaborative practice across the statutory professions. Previously, Sue worked as a teacher and SENCo for over 25 years. Jeremy Monsen is Executive Principal Educational and Child Psychologist for the London boroughs of Westminster and Kensington and Chelsea. He is also Visiting Professor at the University of Strathclyde, UK, Lecturer (Honorary) to University College Lon |
| 13 special education categories: Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Exceptional Students Elizabeth A. Grassi, Heidi Bulmahn Barker, 2010 Designed for primary and secondary teachers, this text connects theory to practice while presenting foundational teaching and assessment practices for culturally and linguistically diverse exceptional (CDLE) students. It examines current and alternative practices, explores the multicultural movement, and brings together foundational information from special education and ELL/bilingual fields to target the specific needs of CDLE students. Practical in nature, the book and its resources include hands-on suggestions for immediate classroom implementation, case studies, examples of authentic student language, and video clips of teachers in action. The book is organized into four main sections: - Understanding student and family backgrounds - Strategies for assessment and planning for instruction - Strategies for content and language acquisition - Strategies for literacy instruction |
| 13 special education categories: Concise Encyclopedia of Special Education Cecil R. Reynolds, Elaine Fletcher-Janzen, 2004-03-25 The Concise Encyclopedia of Special Education, Second Edition is a comprehensive resource for those working in the fields of special education research and practice. Featuring reviews of assessment instruments and teaching approaches, legal issues, overviews of specific learning disabilities, dozens of biographies, and more, this complete desk reference is an indispensable guide for professionals, academics, and students alike. Named an American Library Association Top 25 Reference of the Year in its First Edition, The Concise Encyclopedia serves as an important reference for the education of handicapped and other exceptional children. Written and edited by highly regarded and respected experts in the fields of special education and psychology, this authoritative resource guide provides a reference base for educators as well as professionals in the areas of psychology, neuropsychology, medicine, health care, social work and law. Additionally, this acclaimed reference work is essential for administrators, psychologists, diagnosticians, and school counselors, as well as parents of the handicapped themselves. What's new in this edition Comprehensive coverage of new legislation such as Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act Cultural competence in Special Education, including new material on culturally/linguistically diverse students Many new entries including notable biographies, new service delivery systems, special education laws, new assessment instruments, cross-cultural issues, neuropsychology, and use of the Internet in research and service delivery. Some of the topics covered Academic assessment Achievement tests Addictions Bilingual education Child and adolescent behavior management Counseling with individuals and families with disabilities Early childhood education Gifted education Intelligence tests Mathematics disabilities Psychoeducational methods Rehabilitation Socioeconomic status Special education parent and student rights Traumatic brain injury |
| 13 special education categories: Encyclopedia of Disability Gary L Albrecht, 2006 Presents current knowledge of and experience with disability across a wide variety of places, conditions, and cultures to both the general reader and the specialist. |
| 13 special education categories: Effective Assessment for Students With Special Needs Jim Ysseldyke, Bob Algozzine, 2006-03-21 At last, a practical guide to the what, how, when, and where of effective assessment! When determining whether or not a student should receive special education services, what the specific nature of the student′s instruction should be, or the extent to which a student is making educational progress, it is critical to know not only what sort of assessment method is most appropriate, but how, when, and where it should be administered. Including a pretest, posttest, and key vocabulary terms, Effective Assessment for Students With Special Needs helps educators make these weighty decisions with highly practical information such as: Formal and informal methods of data collection When to use various assessment practices and what they can show an evaluator Standards for conducting assessments to ensure accuracy Using data to make decisions about the education of students with disabilities and those who are gifted and talented |
| 13 special education categories: What Every Principal Needs to Know About Special Education Margaret J. McLaughlin, Victor Nolet, 2004 This book is written as an easily accessible guide for headteachers and other general education administrators who administer and/or interact with special education programmes and services in their schools. The book is designed to provide basic foundational knowledge of special education that every headteacher needs in order to lead effectively, as well as examples for how to create effective special education. In this era of universal accountability for improving student achievement and school wide improvement planning, it is imperative that headteachers understand fully the key components of special education. Headteachers may need basic legal and/or procedural information, but more important are the understandings about who gets into special education as well as current thinking about how to educate children with diverse disabilities. |
| 13 special education categories: The Educator’s Guide to ADHD Interventions Judith R. Harrison, Denise A. Soares, Steven W. Evans, 2023-06-01 Designed specifically for middle and high school educators, this guidebook clearly and thoroughly breaks down effective classroom-based interventions for students with ADHD. Chapters walk readers through each intervention, providing step-by-step implementation guides, describing potential pitfalls and offering critical tips and advice to help you ensure that your interventions are both culturally responsive and sustainable. Filled with helpful templates and tools, this book is essential reading for anyone who needs help creating effective, sustainable interventions for students with ADHD. |
| 13 special education categories: Inclusion Strategies for Young Children Lorraine O. Moore, 2009-02-19 Concrete methods for enhancing young children’s growth and development! This user-friendly book, written for educators who work with 3- to7-year-olds, provides more than 350 strategies to promote success for beginning learners, especially those with special needs. The second edition contains current brain research about learning and behavior challenges, updated information on IDEA 2004, a glossary, resource listings of organizations, and reproducibles. The author provides teachers with developmentally appropriate practices to help children: Increase motor skills Develop emotionally and socially Acquire better communication, listening, and attention skills Work toward self-management of behaviors Develop preparatory reading, writing, and math skills |
| 13 special education categories: The Praeger International Handbook of Special Education Michael L. Wehmeyer, James R. Patton, 2017-06-15 This handbook provides a concise overview of special education services in countries across the world, using the Article on Education in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as the analytical frame. The Praeger International Handbook of Special Education presents a concise and clear overview of special education services in more than 70 countries across the world using the Article on Education in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with disabilities as the analytical frame. Each chapter offers information about the country in general, followed by sections on the public education system, the private education system, the special education system, teacher training requirements, and barriers to and promising trends in inclusive and special education. The volumes and chapters are organized by the United Nations Geoscheme, with Volume 1 including an overview of the volumes and chapters on countries in the Americas, Volume 2 addressing countries from Europe and Africa, and Volume 3 focusing on countries in Asia and Oceania. This is the most complete exploration of the delivery of supports and services to children and youth with disabilities across the globe available. The volumes do not compare among or between countries, but rather provide a baseline for understanding current special education practices and their relationship with general education and inclusive practices across the globe. Readers will come away with an in-depth understanding of what is happening with regard to the implementation of special education services and Article 24 of the Convention for the Rights of People with Disabilities. This valuable reference set serves researchers, graduate students, and policymakers in special and general education as well as professionals focused on issues of education worldwide and scholars focused on international special education. As such, this handbook will be an important reference source for university libraries, professional associations, and policy entities. |
| 13 special education categories: Encyclopedia of Special Education Cecil R. Reynolds, Elaine Fletcher-Janzen, 2007-02-26 The Third Edition of the highly acclaimed Encyclopedia of Special Education has been thoroughly updated to include the latest information about new legislation and guidelines. In addition, this comprehensive resource features school psychology, neuropsychology, reviews of new tests and curricula that have been developed since publication of the second edition in 1999, and new biographies of important figures in special education. Unique in focus, the Encyclopedia of Special Education, Third Edition addresses issues of importance ranging from theory to practice and is a critical reference for researchers as well as those working in the special education field. |
| 13 special education categories: Teaching in Inclusive Classrooms Diane P. Bryant, Deborah D. Smith, Brian R. Bryant, 2023-12-08 Teaching in Inclusive Classrooms uses the research-validated ADAPT framework (Ask, Determine, Analyze, Propose, Test) to help teachers determine how, when, and with whom to use proven academic and behavioral interventions to obtain the best outcomes for students with disabilities. Through clear language and practical examples, authors Diane P. Bryant, Deborah D. Smith, and Brian R. Bryant show how to create truly inclusive classrooms for students who have disabilities and who are gifted through evidence-based practices and hands-on strategies. The Third Edition includes reorganized chapters on Individualized Services and Diverse Learners, new information on the latest court cases and IDEA funds, and revised sections on disabilities. Brand new videos address a wide range of current issues in teaching, including the impacts of COVID on inclusive classrooms. With this guide, educators will be inspired and equipped to effectively teach students with disabilities in inclusive settings. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package. Contact your Sage representative to request a demo. Learning Platform / Courseware Sage Vantage is an intuitive learning platform that integrates quality Sage textbook content with assignable multimedia activities and auto-graded assessments to drive student engagement and ensure accountability. Unparalleled in its ease of use and built for dynamic teaching and learning, Vantage offers customizable LMS integration and best-in-class support. It′s a learning platform you, and your students, will actually love. Learn more. Assignable Video with Assessment Assignable video (available in Sage Vantage) is tied to learning objectives and curated exclusively for this text to bring concepts to life. Watch a sample video now. LMS Cartridge: Import this title’s instructor resources into your school’s learning management system (LMS) and save time. Don′t use an LMS? You can still access all of the same online resources for this title via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site. Learn more. |
| 13 special education categories: Teaching Students With Gifts and Talents Bob Algozzine, Jim Ysseldyke, 2006-03-21 Discover how you can meet the needs of the gifted and talented students in your classroom! Students who are gifted and/or talented are known more for their contributions and potential contributions than any other group of students. Meeting the educational needs of these students, however, can be a tremendous challenge for those who teach them. In Teaching Students With Gifts and Talents, Bob Algozzine and Jim Ysseldyke offer educators helpful information for identifying gifted and talented students, and present effective instructional approaches-enrichment and acceleration-to ensure that these exceptional students are constantly challenged and engaged. Highlights include: A pretest and posttest to help readers assess their understanding of giftedness and how the needs of gifted and talented students are best addressed Cognitive, academic, communicational, physical, and behavioral characteristics that are associated with high-ability learners Effective instructional approaches and activities to keep gifted and talented students motivated and reaching ever-higher levels of achievement Key vocabulary terms |
| 13 special education categories: Teaching Students With Mental Retardation Bob Algozzine, Jim Ysseldyke, 2006-03-24 Learn what effective teachers do to support students with mental retardation in and out of the inclusive classroom! Students with mental retardation often struggle tremendously to complete the same tasks that many of their peers do without any difficulty-but with special assistance their struggles to learn can be highly successful. In Teaching Students With Mental Retardation, special and general educators will find highly effective strategies for enhancing the academic and social skills of students with mental retardation in their classrooms. Offering a pretest, posttest, and key vocabulary terms, this exceptional resource also discusses: Common causes of mental retardation such as genetic conditions, problems during pregnancy and birth, and health problems Diagnosing mental retardation Cognitive, academic, physical, behavioral, and communication characteristics of mental retardation Methods for improving the functional academic, social, self-care, and work skills of students with mental retardation Instructional approaches for students with severe disabilities Influential trends and issues such as prevention of mental retardation and transitioning from school to work |
| 13 special education categories: Teaching Students With Communication Disorders Jim Ysseldyke, Bob Algozzine, 2006-03-24 Strengthen the spoken and written expression of students with speech and language disorders! Communication disorders affecting speech and language rank as the second most common reason students receive special education. How can special and general education teachers help these students achieve successful outcomes academically and in their interpersonal relationships? What instructional approaches provide the most beneficial learning experiences, and help build confidence and self-esteem? Teaching Students With Communication Disorders offers tools to help educators identify communication disorders, distinguish speech from language impairments, reduce common communication problems, and eliminate negative stereotypes. Providing a pretest, posttest, key vocabulary terms, and additional resources to help teachers and speech therapists increase their understanding about communication disorders and effective intervention strategies, this valuable resource highlights: Criteria for identifying speech and language disorders Cognitive, academic, physical, behavioral, and communication characteristics of common communication disorders Appropriate teaching and class management strategies Trends and issues influencing instructional approaches and the delivery of speech and language services |
| 13 special education categories: The Routledge International Handbook of Dyslexia in Education Gad Elbeheri, Lee Siang, 2022-07-20 The Routledge International Handbook of Dyslexia in Education showcases the various examples, expertise, and successful initiatives attempted to include students with dyslexia around the globe. It highlights progress and identifies gaps for growth globally to stand united against dyslexia as a literacy problem and a specific learning disability challenge. Taking a truly global view, each chapter from world-leading experts highlights issues related to the definition of dyslexia and how it is recognised locally, its implications on relevant legislations and educational policy and how teacher training programs on dyslexia are delivered at both pre-service and in-service levels. Contributors to this handbook also discuss and compare the services and tools available to identify individuals with dyslexia, such as nationally standardized tests and tools for dyslexia assessment. Students, researchers, teachers and other educational professionals who require highly relevant, research-informed guidance on dyslexia and its awareness, identification, training, outreach, and intervention around the globe will find this handbook an essential and timely resource. Readers will also be able to identify shared experiences and good lessons from around the world, as well as learn about better strategies to guide their journey in their own local community. |
| 13 special education categories: Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, 1967 |
| 13 special education categories: Creating Successful Learning Environments for African American Learners With Exceptionalities Festus E. Obiakor, Bridgie Alexis Ford, 2002-06-18 Discover the key strategies to empowering African American students with exceptionalities! Central to the teaching and learning of African American students is an understanding of their cultures, background experiences, and perspectives, while applying this understanding to the design, implementation, and assessment of educational programs. This comprehensive, culturally responsive approach is supported by straightforward and in-depth contributions from more than 25 leading scholars and practitioners featured in this book. The guide focuses on specific, innovative methods for maximizing the learning opportunities and outcomes of African American students—from dealing with foundational issues such as accountability, categorization, and legal implications, to managing learning environments and enhancing school practices through teacher preparation and early childhood programs. By providing concrete rationales and solutions for maximizing the intellectual, academic, and social achievement of African American learners, this groundbreaking text presents the tools necessary for meeting the needs of these students, including: Assessment and instructional techniques for general and special education programs, including discussions on specific learning disabilities Intervention tactics for behavioral issues Tips for utilizing family and community resources to complement the classroom Strategies for enhancing students′ communication skills and maximizing the potential of gifted and talented learners |
| 13 special education categories: Special Needs Education Statistics and Indicators OECD, 2000-10-18 This book makes comparisons of students with disabilities, learning or behaviour difficulties and disadvantages on the basis of the additional resources made available to them to access the curriculum, which in some countries covers some 35% of school-age students. |
| 13 special education categories: Teaching Students With Medical, Physical, and Multiple Disabilities Bob Algozzine, Jim Ysseldyke, 2006-03-23 Support the academic performance and independence of students with medical and physical disabilities! If not properly addressed, a medical or physical disability that results in limited strength, mobility, vitality, and/or alertness can have as much of an adverse affect on a student′s educational performance as a learning disability. Including a pretest, posttest, and key vocabulary terms, this highly informative guide discusses the issues educators and school nurses need to be aware of in order to effectively support students with medical, physical, and multiple disabilities in the special or general education classroom. Highlights include: Cognitive, academic, physical, behavioral, and communication characteristics of numerous medical and physical conditions Helpful ideas for adjusting the classroom and school environments to suit the needs of students with medical and physical disabilities Strategies for adapting instructional activities and materials for students with physical disabilities Assistive technologies designed to enhance communication or mobility Identification issues associated with multiple disabilities |
| 13 special education categories: The Condition of Education , 2005 Includes a section called Program and plans which describes the Center's activities for the current fiscal year and the projected activities for the succeeding fiscal year. |
| 13 special education categories: OECD Reviews of School Resources: Czech Republic 2016 Shewbridge Claire, Herczyński Jan, Radinger Thomas, Sonnemann Julie, 2016-10-19 The effective use of school resources is a policy priority across OECD countries. The OECD Reviews of School Resources explore how resources can be governed, distributed, utilised and managed to improve the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. |
| 13 special education categories: The Wiley Handbook of Teaching and Learning Gene E. Hall, Linda F. Quinn, Donna M. Gollnick, 2018-07-31 Provides a comprehensive reference for scholars, educators, stakeholders, and the general public on matters influencing and directly affecting education in today’s schools across the globe This enlightening handbook offers current, international perspectives on the conditions in communities, contemporary practices in schooling, relevant research on teaching and learning, and implications for the future of education. It contains diverse conceptual frameworks for analyzing existing issues in education, including but not limited to characteristics of today’s students, assessment of student learning, evaluation of teachers, trends in teacher education programs, technological advances in content delivery, the important role for school leaders, and innovative instructional practices to increase student learning. The Wiley Handbook of Teaching and Learning promotes new, global approaches to studying the process of education, demonstrates the diversity among the constituents of schooling, recognizes the need for and presents a variety of approaches to teaching and learning, and details exemplary practices in education. Divided into four sections focused on general topics—context and schooling; learners and learning; teachers and teaching; and educators as learners and leaders—and with all-new essays that look at what has been, what is, and what could be, this book is destined to inspire thoughtful contemplation from readers about what it means to teach and learn. Examines teaching, learners, and learning from a contemporary, international perspective, presenting alternative views and approaches Provides a single reference source for teachers, education leaders, and agency administrators Summarizes recent research and theory Offers evidence-based recommendations for practice Includes essays from established and emerging U.S. and international scholars Each chapter includes a section encouraging readers to think ahead and imagine what education might be in the future Scholars from around the world provide a range of evidence-based ideas for improving and modifying current educational practices, making The Wiley Handbook of Teaching and Learning an important book for the global education community and those planning on entering into it. |
| 13 special education categories: Public Health Reports , 1978 |
| 13 special education categories: Handbook of Research on Technoethics Luppicini, Rocci, Adell, Rebecca, 2008-08-31 This book traces the emergence of the new interdisciplinary field of technoethics by exploring its conceptual development, important issues, and key areas of current research. Compiling 50 authoritative articles from leading researchers on the ethical dimensions of new technologies--Provided by publisher. |
| 13 special education categories: Making Money Matter National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on Education Finance, 1999-12-30 The United States annually spends over $300 billion on public elementary and secondary education. As the nation enters the 21st century, it faces a major challenge: how best to tie this financial investment to the goal of high levels of achievement for all students. In addition, policymakers want assurance that education dollars are being raised and used in the most efficient and effective possible ways. The book covers such topics as: Legal and legislative efforts to reduce spending and achievement gaps. The shift from equity to adequacy as a new standard for determining fairness in education spending. The debate and the evidence over the productivity of American schools. Strategies for using school finance in support of broader reforms aimed at raising student achievement. This book contains a comprehensive review of the theory and practice of financing public schools by federal, state, and local governments in the United States. It distills the best available knowledge about the fairness and productivity of expenditures on education and assesses options for changing the finance system. |
| 13 special education categories: The Sage Encyclopedia of Multicultural Counseling, Social Justice, and Advocacy Shannon B. Dermer, Jahaan R. Abdullah, 2023-12-08 Since the late 1970s, there has been an increase in the study of diversity, inclusion, race, and ethnicity within the field of counseling. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Multicultural Counseling, Social Justice, and Advocacy will comprehensively synthesize a wide range of terms, concepts, ideologies, groups, and organizations through a diverse lens. This encyclopedia will include entries on a wide range of topics relative to multicultural counseling, social justice and advocacy, and the experiences of diverse groups. The encyclopedia will consist of approximately 600 signed entries, arranged alphabetically within four volumes. |
| 13 special education categories: The Special Education Toolbox Nicholas D. Young, Melissa A. Mumby, Michaela Rice, 2019-06-08 The world of special education can sometimes feel like a confusing place to novice teachers and families; however, The Special Education Toolbox: Supporting Exceptional Teachers, Students and Families is a primer that everyone can use to become an expert in their own right. Beginning with a brief walk through special education history and including the basics of assessment and IEP writing, this book considers student success from a variety of perspectives to include the role of the paraprofessional, the home-school connection, and transition planning to name just a few. The Special Education Toolbox will easily be one of the most used books on the shelf in any office, classroom, or home. |
| 13 special education categories: School Law for K-12 Educators Frank D. Aquila, 2007-11-29 A practical, user-friendly approach to school law supported by carefully constructed information that is of immediate interest to classroom teachers, supervisors and school administrators. Key Features Maps out the court's decision-making process in an easy-to-understand format Illustrates the key aspects of a legal issue through case-studies in every chapter Explains complex cases with succinct case briefs that target legal laypersons and comprehensive chapter overviews that highlight important concepts Encourages dialogue with accompanying discussion questions for each case brief and case study Offers additional case briefs online at www.sagepub.com/aquilacasebriefs Intended Audience: This book is designed for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students of school law and is a valuable resource for courses in school administration, supervision, and teacher education. I find this book to be a very well done, comprehensive text, with useful activities and exceptional case briefs —Dr. Christine Villani, Southern Connecticut State University More than a comprehensive text, this is a reference work for any active school administrator. School Law for K–12 Educators will be found open on a desk more often than closed on the shelf. —Philip Huckins, New England College The greatest strength is presentation of facts, narratives, cases, in a concise format with discussion questions and topics —Audrey M. Clarke, California State University, Northridge This comprehensive resource is thoughtfully designed with a focus on legal currency and relevancy. The case briefs enhance an already distinctive textbook. —Bradley Vance Balch, Indiana State University Well done book, comprehensive, and easy to read for educators. The most exceptional portion of this book are the case studies, and the exceptionally well done case briefs, excellent instructional tools. —Dr. Christine Villani, Southern Connecticut State University |
| 13 special education categories: The Assessment of Emergent Bilinguals Kate Mahoney, 2017-02-20 This textbook is a comprehensive introduction to the assessment of students in K-12 schools who use two or more languages in their daily life: English Language Learners (ELLs), or Emergent Bilinguals. The book includes a thorough examination of the policy, history and assessment/measurement issues that educators should understand in order to best advocate for their students. The author presents a decision-making framework called PUMI (Purpose, Use, Method, Instrument) that practitioners can use to better inform assessment decisions for bilingual children. The book will be an invaluable resource in teacher preparation programs, but will also help policy-makers and educators make better decisions to support their students. |
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N.J.A.C. 6A:14, Special Education - The Official Web Site for …
N.J.A.C. 6A:14, Special Education . Table of Contents Subchapter 1. General Provisions . 6A:14-1.1 General requirements . 6A:14-1.2 District board of education eligibility for assistance under …
New Jersey Department of Education - The Official Web Site …
Select Special Education Data (As of October 15, 2018) • More than 241,000 students receiving services oMore than 20,000 students ages 3-5 oMore than 220,000 students ages 6-21
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13 Special Education Categories The Top Books of the Year 13 Special Education Categories The year 2023 has witnessed a remarkable surge in literary brilliance, with numerous captivating …
October 10, 2023 - CASPOnline
Oct 23, 2010 · Agreement that expanded the Larry P.’s injunction to all 13 special education categories. The Court ruled that the Larry P. injunction applied only to the assessment of EMR …
Eligibility Indicators - Kansas State Department of Education
that the child needs special education and related services (Prong 2 of the eligibility test). If the data suggest the child’s needs for instruction can be provided within regular education without …
Michigan Special Education Basics - Michigan Alliance for …
Special education is instruction that is specially designed to meet the unique needs of a child with a disability. This means education that is individually developed to address a specific child’s …
Special Education Disability Eligibility Categories - PEATC
800-869-6752 – www.peatc.org 12/21 – Page 3 Special Education Disability Eligibility Categories A Resource Document "Specific learning disability" means a disorder in one or more of the …
Categories of Disability - Oklahoma.gov
Education Act guarantees that eligible children with disabilities receive free appropriate public education, along with special education and related services. The act governs how states and …
Child Find Evaluation and Eligibility - Mississippi …
Sep 22, 2015 · The Special Education Professional Development Coordinators The Child Find Task Force . Using this Document This multi-volume document Procedures for State Board …
Special Education Terminology and Disability Categories
acronyms stand for key principles in special education, and are commonly utilized within Committee on Special Education (CSE) meetings, IEPs, and assessment reports, to name a …
Guide to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
eligibility requirements) and (2) be in need of special education and related services. There are 13 disability categories under Part B for which a child can receive special education and related …
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Michigan Special Education Basics
Special Education Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) •Federal Law •Part C: Early Intervention Birth to Age 3 Coordination of Services •Part B: Special Education 13 Categories 3 …
Special Education Eligibility and Evaluation Standard - July …
45 day trial out of special education or a specific special education service. • The term intervention integrity was replaced by the term implementation fidelity so as to align to MTSS and the …
Special Education Profile 2022 - OCECD
Under IDEA there are 13 disability categories2: 1. Autism 2. Deaf-blindness 3. Developmental Delay 4. Emotional Disturbance 5. Hearing Impairment 6. Intellectual Disability 7. ... Special …
Special Education Disability Categories - Nebraska
Special Education Disability Categories PART B - CHILDREN AGES 3-21 ... 13.Visual Impairment including Blindness - an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely . ffects a …
Students With Disabilities - National Center for Education …
Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Although rounded numbers are displayed, the figures are based on unrounded data. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of …
SPECIAL EDUCATION - Alliance for Children's Rights
SPECIAL EDUCATION ELIGIBILITY CHECKLIST This document provides a broad overview of the eligibility process, describes how ... Federal law identifies 13 eligibility categories, including …
What Is Special Education? - SAGE Publications Inc
reauthorizations of the act, the disability categories have been increased to 13, and, although the names of the categories vary slightly from state ... moving) are the basis for several special …
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Special Education in New York State for Children Ages 3–21
What are the steps in the Special Education Process? Step 1: Initial Referral for Special Education Services Students suspected of having a disability are referred to a multidisciplinary team …
DISABILITY CATEGORIES UNDER IDEA
The Special Education Categories site includes information, research, resources, and best practices on the following program areas: Autism, Deaf-Blindness, Deafness, Emotional …
Initial Determination of Eligibility Re-determination of Eligibility
accommodated in special education programs solely for one of the impairments. ... does not include deaf-blindness. List Categories for Multiple Disabilities: Category 1: Category 2: …
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have a disability that falls under one of the 13 catergories listed in the ... think differently are eligible in one of three categories: (1) specific learning disability; (2) other health impairment; …
Michigan Administrative Rules for Special Education (MARSE) …
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New Jersey Department of Education Special Education …
November 5, 2020 5.2 • Added the Special Education Classification of 18 for students who were eligible for special education and related services under the Special Education Classification of …
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may be available through special education. Special education is instruction designed to meet your child’s unique needs. Special education services are available for preschool children …
Special Education Rights - Disability Rights Maryland
services in a school program. School-age children usually receive special education services in public or non-public schools. This manual primarily addresses the special education process …
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Special education means specially designed instruction, at no cost to the parent, to meet the unique needs of a child with disabilities. 34 C.F.R. § 300.39; Cal. Educ. Code § 56031(a). …
IDEA / Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IDEA is... A federal education law. Kids with disabilities who qualify can get special education and related services from public schools. IDEA covers...
13 CATEGORIES OF ELIGIBILITY
13 CATEGORIES OF ELIGIBILITY. California Education Code has 13 eligibility categories and one. additional category for children ages 3 to 5. For ea ch ca teg or y , th e d i sa b i l i ty mu st …
Eligibility Categories Missouri Special Education
Misso uri’s 13 cate gories are sp ecified und er. federa l ed ucational law. The se c ateg ories are. d efined, and eligibility c riteria for each is. given i n the Miss ouri St ate Plan for Part B of. the …
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Special education is governed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”). IDEA defines special education as “specially designed instruction, at no cost ... (13) possible …
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Federal law (IDEA - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 2004, Part B) has 13 disability categories that states must use to determine if children, ages 3 – 21, are eligible to receive …
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Aug 26, 2019 · This document is intended to provide guidance regarding special education in Montana. The document contains brief descriptions of various processes and procedures, and …
Michigan Administrative Rules for Special Education (MARSE) …
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needs have shifted dramatically, as seen in shifts among the BC Ministry of Education’s special education categories. The largest change is in the category of Autism Spectrum Disorder, …
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intellectually gifted students, as they are for all special education categories. States and local school districts are required by federal law to identify, locate, and evaluate all children who are …
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The IDEA defines 13 categories of disabilities. These categories are the only categories recognized by ... need of special education, even if they are advancing from grade to grade or …
Disability Type Codes - Illinois State Board of Education
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Navigating the School System (K-12+) - sunfieldcenter.com
under one the 13 special education categories, but still needs supports to help learn in the classroom. Individualized Education Program (IEP) If the child qualifies under one of the 13 …
