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The 15th Amendment Political Cartoon: A Visual History of Struggle and Progress
By Dr. Evelyn Reed, Professor of American History, Harvard University
Published by The History Channel, a leading provider of historical analysis and educational content.
Edited by Michael Davis, Senior Editor, The History Channel, with over 15 years experience in historical publishing and journalistic integrity.
The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1870, declared that the right to vote could not be denied based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." This seemingly straightforward declaration, however, ignited a firestorm of debate and resistance, vividly captured in the numerous 15th Amendment political cartoons produced during this period. These cartoons, far from being simple illustrations, serve as powerful primary sources, offering invaluable insights into the complex social, political, and economic realities of Reconstruction-era America. They reveal not only the immediate impact of the amendment, but also its lasting legacy on American society and its ongoing relevance in contemporary discussions about voting rights.
The Visual Language of Resistance and Support:
15th Amendment political cartoons utilized a range of visual tropes to convey their messages. Proponents of the amendment often depicted Black men proudly casting their ballots, symbolizing the triumph of equality and justice. These images frequently contrasted starkly with earlier representations of African Americans as subservient or intellectually inferior. The shift in portrayal reflected a growing acceptance, albeit a hesitant one, of Black citizenship.
However, a far more significant body of 15th Amendment political cartoons emerged from the opposition. These cartoons employed a variety of tactics to undermine the amendment and perpetuate racial prejudice. Common themes included:
The "Unfit" Voter: Cartoons frequently depicted Black men as ignorant, lazy, or easily manipulated, suggesting they were incapable of exercising the right to vote responsibly. These images played on existing racist stereotypes and reinforced anxieties about social order.
The Threat to White Supremacy: Many 15th Amendment political cartoons depicted the enfranchisement of Black men as a direct threat to white political power and social dominance. This fear fueled the rise of white supremacist groups and contributed to the violence and oppression that characterized Reconstruction.
The "Mule" Metaphor: The image of a Black man as a mule, driven by white political interests, became a recurring motif. This implied a lack of agency and independent thought, suggesting Black voters were merely pawns in the hands of opportunistic politicians.
Violence and Intimidation: Some cartoons subtly, and others overtly, depicted the violence used to suppress Black voting. These illustrations hinted at the brutal realities of the era – lynchings, poll taxes, and other forms of voter suppression.
The Industry Implications of the 15th Amendment and its Cartoon Depictions:
The 15th Amendment political cartoons didn’t exist in a vacuum; they were produced and circulated within a specific media landscape. The rise of mass-produced newspapers and magazines facilitated the widespread dissemination of these images, reaching a broader audience than ever before. This amplified the impact of both pro- and anti-amendment sentiments, influencing public opinion and shaping political discourse.
The industry of political cartooning itself thrived during this period. Talented artists, often working for partisan newspapers, wielded their pens and brushes to create powerful visual arguments. Their work contributed significantly to the ongoing political battles of the era, demonstrating the immense power of visual rhetoric. The economic implications were significant: newspapers and magazines saw increased circulation fueled by the controversies surrounding the amendment, enriching publishers and solidifying the role of visual commentary in shaping public discourse.
The Lasting Legacy of the 15th Amendment Political Cartoons:
The 15th Amendment political cartoons of the Reconstruction era offer invaluable insights into the complexities of American history. They expose the pervasive racism that permeated society and the persistent struggle for racial equality. These images serve as potent reminders of the challenges faced by African Americans in exercising their hard-won right to vote.
While the 15th Amendment legally granted suffrage to Black men, it did not guarantee its practical application. The legacy of Jim Crow laws, poll taxes, literacy tests, and other discriminatory practices demonstrates the continuing fight for equal voting rights. Examining these historical 15th Amendment political cartoons helps us understand the ongoing struggle for voting rights and the importance of continuing to fight for equitable access to the ballot box.
Conclusion:
The study of 15th Amendment political cartoons reveals a crucial chapter in American history, a period marked by both profound progress and devastating setbacks. These visual narratives illuminate the struggle for racial equality and provide a powerful lens through which to examine the enduring fight for voting rights. By understanding the past, we can better address the challenges of the present and work toward a more just and equitable future.
FAQs:
1. What specific techniques did cartoonists use to convey their messages about the 15th Amendment? Cartoonists used symbolism, caricature, satire, and allegory to convey their messages, often employing racist stereotypes to denigrate Black voters or portraying them as a threat to white dominance.
2. How did the 15th Amendment's impact differ from its immediate legal effect? While legally granting Black men suffrage, the 15th Amendment's impact was severely limited by widespread voter suppression tactics that effectively disenfranchised many Black citizens for decades.
3. What role did newspapers play in the dissemination of 15th Amendment political cartoons? Newspapers, along with magazines, served as the primary vehicle for distributing these cartoons, significantly influencing public opinion and shaping political narratives.
4. How did these cartoons reflect prevailing racial biases of the era? The cartoons vividly reflected the deeply entrenched racism of the time, showcasing and reinforcing existing stereotypes and anxieties about race and social order.
5. Were there any cartoons that supported the 15th Amendment? Yes, though less prevalent, some cartoons depicted Black men proudly voting, symbolizing the triumph of equality and justice.
6. What is the significance of analyzing these cartoons today? Analyzing these historical cartoons provides crucial context for understanding the ongoing struggle for voting rights and the persistence of racial inequality in America.
7. Did the cartoons influence legislation or policy decisions? While difficult to directly measure, the cartoons contributed to the overall political climate, influencing public discourse and potentially impacting policy debates.
8. What are some notable examples of 15th Amendment political cartoons? Identifying specific cartoons requires further research based on available archives and collections, but many examples are held in historical society archives and university libraries.
9. How do 15th Amendment political cartoons compare to contemporary political cartoons? While the subject matter differs, the techniques and strategies employed by cartoonists – using symbolism, satire, and caricature – remain largely consistent across eras.
Related Articles:
1. "The Visual Rhetoric of Reconstruction: A Study of Political Cartoons," Journal of American History: This article explores the broader use of political cartoons in depicting the Reconstruction era, including its complexities and contradictions.
2. "Thomas Nast and the 15th Amendment: A Case Study in Political Imagery," American Art Journal: Focuses specifically on the contributions of famous cartoonist Thomas Nast to the visual discourse surrounding the 15th Amendment.
3. "The Black Press and the 15th Amendment: Countering Negative Stereotypes," African American Review: Explores how the Black press used visuals and other media to combat negative representations of Black men in white-produced cartoons.
4. "Voter Suppression and the 15th Amendment: A Century of Struggle," The Nation: A journalistic perspective on the continued challenges to voting rights, placing them in the historical context of the 15th Amendment.
5. "Race, Gender, and the Right to Vote: Expanding the 15th Amendment Narrative," The Journal of Women's History: This article expands the discussion to incorporate the experiences of women and the intersections of race and gender in voting rights.
6. "The Legacy of Reconstruction: Political Cartoons and the Rise of Jim Crow," Southern Historical Quarterly: Explores the transition from Reconstruction to Jim Crow and how political cartoons depicted this shift.
7. "Analyzing the Symbolism in 15th Amendment Political Cartoons," Visual Communication Quarterly: This article focuses on the specific symbols and visual techniques used in the cartoons, offering a detailed stylistic analysis.
8. "The Economic Impact of the 15th Amendment on the Printing and Publishing Industries," Journal of Economic History: Explores the business aspects of printing and publishing related to the 15th Amendment and the increase in circulation driven by the debate surrounding it.
9. "Primary Source Analysis: A Collection of 15th Amendment Political Cartoons," Digital Library Project (Hypothetical): This would be a hypothetical entry referencing a digital archive of 15th Amendment political cartoons, providing access to the primary sources themselves.
| 15th amendment political cartoon: The American Presidency in Political Cartoons, 1776-1976 Thomas Charles Blaisdell, Peter Selz, 1976 |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Hot Button Bart King, Giacomo Calabria, 2022-07-26 A book that explores the delicacy and critical importance of getting history right, and teaching it in an age-appropriate way in the classroom, every time. Hot Button: Teaching Sensitive Social Studies Content explores the difficulty, delicacy, and ethical obligations of teaching accurate history to all students. It names and explores the issues with being the ‘tip of the spear’ in the classroom after a long line of generally bureaucratic and political decisions are made and how to apply appropriate logic and decision making into what constitutes your scope and sequence and lesson plans as a social studies teacher. It features contributions from Alysha Butler, Kelly Reichardt, Gerardo Muñoz, Chris Dier, and accomplished author Bart King. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Representing Congress Clifford K. Berryman, James Zimmerhoff, 2017-08-30 INTRODUCTIONRepresenting Congress presents a selection of politicalcartoons by Clifford K. Berryman to engage studentsin a discussion of what Congress is, how it works,and what it does. It features the masterful work of one ofAmerica's preeminent political cartoonists and showcases hisability to use portraits, representative symbols and figures,and iconic personifications to convey thought-provokinginsights into the institutions and issues of civic life. The Houseof Representatives and Senate take center stage as nationalelected officials work to realize the ideals of the Founders.This eBook is designed to teach students to analyze history as conveyed in visual media.The cartoons offer comments about various moments in history, and they challenge thereader to evaluate their perspective and objectivity. Viewed outside their original journalisticcontext, the cartoons engage and amuse as comic art, but they can also puzzlea reader with references to little-remembered events and people. This eBook providescontextual information on each cartoon to help dispel the historical mysteries.Berryman's cartoons were originally published as illustrations for the front page of theWashington Post and the Washington Evening Star at various dates spanning the years from 1896to 1949. Thirty-nine cartoons selected from the more than 2,400 original Berryman drawingspreserved at the Center for Legislative Archives convey thumbnail sketches of Congress inaction to reveal some of the enduring features of our national representative government.For more than 50 years, Berryman's cartoons engaged readers of Washington's newspapers,illustrating everyday political events as they related to larger issues of civic life.These cartoons promise to engage students in similar ways today. The cartoons intrigueand inform, puzzle and inspire. Like Congress itself, Berryman's cartoons seem familiarat first glance. Closer study reveals nuances and design features that invite in-depthanalysis and discussion. Using these cartoons, students engage in fun and substantivechallenges to unlock each cartoons' meaning and better understand Congress. As theydo so, students will develop the critical thinking skills so important to academic successand the future health and longevity of our democratic republic.2 | R E P R E S E N T I N G C O N G R E S SHOW THIS eBOOK IS ORGANIZEDThis eBook presents 39 cartoons by Clifford K. Berryman,organized in six chapters that illustrate how Congress works.Each page features one cartoon accompanied by links toadditional information and questions.TEACHING WITH THIS eBOOKRepresenting Congress is designed to teach students aboutCongress-its history, procedures, and constitutional roles-through the analysis of political cartoons.Students will study these cartoons in three steps:* Analyze each cartoon using the NARA Cartoon Analysis Worksheet* Analyze several cartoons to discuss how art illustrates civic life using Worksheet 2* Analyze each cartoon in its historic context using Worksheet 3 (optional)Directions:1. Divide the class into small groups, and assign each group to study one or more cartoonsin the chapter Congress and the Constitution.2. Instruct each group to complete Worksheet 1: Analyzing Cartoons. Direct each groupto share their analysis with the whole-class.3. Instruct each group to complete Worksheet 2: Discussing Cartoons. Students shouldapply the questions to all of the cartoons in the chapter. Direct each group to sharetheir analysis in a whole class discussion of the chapter.4. Repeat the above steps with each succeeding chapter.5. Direct each group to share what they have learned in the preceding activities in awhole-class discussion of Congress and the Constitution.6. Optional Activity: Assign each group to read the Historical Context Informationstatement for their cartoon. The students should then use the Historical Context |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Caricatures on American Historical Phases 1918-2018 Heinz-Dietrich Fischer, 2020 This volume covers main phases of United States history over the span of a century, 1918 - 2018. Starting with fights for Americanism during World War I until the America-First movement of our times, there are, among others, Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial cartoons about these topics: Ku Klux Klan, Foreign Policy, Great Depression, Lynching Practices, Labor Conditions, War Productions, Truman's Administration, Korean War, Racial Integration, Vietnam War, Watergate Scandal, Death Penalty, Ronald Reagan, Clinton's Sex Affair, Terrorist Attacks, Iraq War, Deadly Hurricanes, Financial Crashes, Washington Establishment, Presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Teaching U.S. History Beyond the Textbook Yohuru R. Williams, 2008-11-11 Written by a history educator, this exciting guide provides a unique approach that makes it easy for middle and high school teachers to engage students' critical thinking in history and social studies. Using a CSI approach to history, the author's six powerful strategies tap into students' natural curiosity and investigative instincts. Students become detectives of the past as they ghost-hunt in their neighborhoods, solve historical crimes, prepare arguments for famous court cases, and more. Each ready-to-use technique Demonstrates how students can use primary and secondary sources to solve historical mysteries, Includes sample lessons and case studies for Grades 5-12, Aligns with national standards, making the book useful for both teachers and curriculum developers, Features review questions, reflections, and Web and print resources in every chapter for further reading. Incorporate these strategies into your classroom and watch as students discover just how thrilling and spine-chilling history can be! Book jacket. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: American Political Cartoons Sandy Northrop, 2017-07-05 From Benjamin Franklin's drawing of the first American political cartoon in 1754 to contemporary cartoonists' blistering attacks on George W. Bush and initial love-affair with Barack Obama, editorial cartoons have been a part of American journalism and politics. American Political Cartoons chronicles the nation's highs and lows in an extensive collection of cartoons that span the entire history of American political cartooning.Good cartoons hit you primitively and emotionally, said cartoonist Doug Marlette. A cartoon is a frontal attack, a slam dunk, a cluster bomb. Most cartoonists pride themselves on attacking honestly, if ruthlessly. American Political Cartoons recounts many direct hits, recalling the discomfort of the cartoons' targets and the delight of their readers.Through skillful combination of pictures and words, cartoonists galvanize public opinion for or against their subjects. In the process they have revealed truths about us and our democratic system that have been both embarrassing and ennobling. Stephen Hess and Sandy Northrop note that not all cartoonists have worn white hats. Many have perpetuated demeaning ethnic stereotypes, slandered honest politicians, and oversimplified complex issues. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007 , 2008-10-03 Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007 provides a comprehensive history of the more than 120 African Americans who have served in the United States Congress from 1870 through 2007. Individual profiles are introduced by contextual essays that explain major events in congressional and U.S. history. Illustrated with many portraits, photographs, and charts. House Document 108-224. 3d edition. Edited by Matthew Wasniewski. Paperback edition. Questions that are answered include: How many African Americans have served in the U.S. Congress? How did Reconstruction, the Great Migration, and the post-World War II civil rights movement affect black Members of Congress? Who was the first African American to chair a congressional committee? Read about: Pioneers who overcame racial barriers, such as Oscar De Priest of Illinois, the first African American elected to Congress in the 20th century, and Shirley Chisholm of New York, the first black CongresswomanMasters of institutional politics, such as Augustus Gus Hawkins of California, Louis Stokes of Ohio, and Julian Dixon of CaliforniaNotables such as Civil War hero Robert Smalls of South Carolina, civil rights champion Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., of New York, and constitutional scholar Barbara Jordan of TexasAnd many more. Black Americans in Congress also includes: Pictures-including rarely seen historical images-of each African American who has served in CongressBibliographies and references to manuscript collections for each MemberStatistical graphs and chartsA comprehensive index Other related products: African Americans resources collection can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/african-americans Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005 can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-071-01418-7 Women in Congress, 1917-2006 --Hardcover format can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-070-07480-9 United States Congressional Serial Set, Serial No. 14903, House Document No. 223, Women in Congress, 1917-2006 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/552-108-00040-0 Hispanic Americans in Congress, 1822-2012 --Print Hardcover format can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-071-01563-9 --Print Paperback format can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-071-01567-1 --ePub format available for Free download is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-300-00008-8 --MOBI format is available for Free download here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-300-00010-0 |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Black Baseball, 1858-1900 James E. Brunson III, 2019-03-22 This is one of the most important baseball books to be published in a long time, taking a comprehensive look at black participation in the national pastime from 1858 through 1900. It provides team rosters and team histories, player biographies, a list of umpires and games they officiated and information on team managers and team secretaries. Well known organizations like the Washington's Mutuals, Philadelphia Pythians, Chicago Uniques, St. Louis Black Stockings, Cuban Giants and Chicago Unions are documented, as well as lesser known teams like the Wilmington Mutuals, Newton Black Stockings, San Francisco Enterprise, Dallas Black Stockings, Galveston Flyaways, Louisville Brotherhoods and Helena Pastimes. Player biographies trace their connections between teams across the country. Essays frame the biographies, discussing the social and cultural events that shaped black baseball. Waiters and barbers formed the earliest organized clubs and developed local, regional and national circuits. Some players belonged to both white and colored clubs, and some umpires officiated colored, white and interracial matches. High schools nurtured young players and transformed them into powerhouse teams, like Cincinnati's Vigilant Base Ball Club. A special essay covers visual representations of black baseball and the artists who created them, including colored artists of color who were also baseballists. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Prologue , 2015 |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: The Early Image of Black Baseball James E. Brunson III, 2009-09-12 This volume examines early black baseball as it was represented in the artwork and written accounts of the popular press. From contemporary postbellum articles, illustrations, photographs and woodcuts, a unique image of the black athlete emerges, one that was not always positive but was nonetheless central in understanding the evolving black image in American culture. Chapters cover press depictions of championship games, specific teams and athletes, and the fans and culture surrounding black baseball. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Thanksgiving Melanie Kirkpatrick, 2021-10-05 We all know the story of Thanksgiving. Or do we? This uniquely American holiday has a rich and little known history beyond the famous feast of 1621. In Thanksgiving, award-winning author Melanie Kirkpatrick journeys through four centuries of history, giving us a vivid portrait of our nation's best-loved holiday. Drawing on newspaper accounts, private correspondence, historical documents, and cookbooks, Thanksgiving brings to life the full history of the holiday and what it has meant to generations of Americans. Many famous figures walk these pages—Washington, who proclaimed our first Thanksgiving as a nation amid controversy about his Constitutional power to do so; Lincoln, who wanted to heal a divided nation sick of war when he called for all Americans—North and South—to mark a Thanksgiving Day; FDR, who set off a debate on state's rights when he changed the traditional date of Thanksgiving. Ordinary Americans also play key roles in the Thanksgiving story—the New England Indians who boycott Thanksgiving as a Day of Mourning; Sarah Josepha Hale, the nineteenth-century editor and feminist who successfully campaigned for Thanksgiving to be a national holiday; the 92nd Street Y in New York City, which founded Giving Tuesday, an online charity established in the long tradition of Thanksgiving generosity. Kirkpatrick also examines the history of Thanksgiving football and, of course, Thanksgiving dinner. While the rites and rituals of the holiday have evolved over the centuries, its essence remains the same: family and friends feasting together in a spirit of gratitude to God, neighborliness, and hospitality. Thanksgiving is Americans' oldest tradition. Kirkpatrick's enlightening exploration offers a fascinating look at the meaning of the holiday that we gather together to celebrate on the fourth Thursday of November. With Readings for Thanksgiving Day designed to be read aloud around the table. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: World History: Connections to Today Elisabeth Gaynor Ellis, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2003-12 |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Thomas Nast Fiona Deans Halloran, 2013-01-01 Thomas Nast (1840-1902), the founding father of American political cartooning, is perhaps best known for his cartoons portraying political parties as the Democratic donkey and the Republican elephant. Nast's legacy also includes a trove of other political cartoons, his successful attack on the machine politics of Tammany Hall in 1871, and his wildly popular illustrations of Santa Claus for Harper's Weekly magazine. In this thoroughgoing and lively biography, Fiona Deans Halloran interprets his work, explores his motivations and ideals, and illuminates the lasting legacy of Nast's work on American political culture-- |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Jim Crow America Catherine M. Lewis, J. Richard Lewis, 2009-03-01 This is a resource on racism and segregation in American life. The book is chronologically organized into five sections, each of which focuses on a different historical period in the story of Jim Crow: inventing, building, living, resisting, and dismantling. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Doomed by Cartoon John Adler, Draper Hill, 2008-08-01 The timely, true story of Thomas Nast, the granddaddy of political satire who destroyed a corrupt regime in 19th century New York City—with cartoons. He was an unethical, bullying, and narcissistic politician; a blow-hard real estate magnate and notorious swindler; a master manipulator who thrived off voter fraud, graft, and the collusion of his right-hand sycophants. This is the 1870s. The legendary William “Boss” Tweed, senator and third-largest landowner in New York City, is on a roll. He and his thieving minions have already duped the city out of an estimated two-billion dollars. It wasn’t going to be easy exposing him. He controlled the press—except for the magazine, Harper’s Weekly. And Harper’s had an invaluable weapon against the humorless and seemingly invincible Tweed: Thomas Nast, an influential political cartoonist who, day by day, brought Tweed’s corruption to light. With pen and ink, and a savage and righteous wink, Thomas Nast was determined to topple an empire. Told through Nast’s scathing 160-plus serialized cartoons, the remarkable and unbelievable true story of Nast vs. Tweed was not only unprecedented for its day, but it set the tone for the battle between the freedom of the press and political malfeasance that resonates well into the twenty-first century. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: The Trump Presidency in Editorial Cartoons Natalia Mielczarek, 2023 In this book, Natalia Mielczarek engages with close to one thousand editorial cartoons to trace visual representations of President Donald Trump and the rhetorical mechanisms that construct them. Mielczarek argues that editorial cartoons largely either hide or overexpose the president, often resembling partisan propaganda, not social critique-- |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Reconstruction Timothy Flanagan, 2004-08-15 Uses primary source documents, narrative, and illustrations to recount the history of the Reconstruction, as the United States government and people worked to recover from the effects of the Civil War. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution Eric Foner, 2019-09-17 “Gripping and essential.”—Jesse Wegman, New York Times An authoritative history by the preeminent scholar of the Civil War era, The Second Founding traces the arc of the three foundational Reconstruction amendments from their origins in antebellum activism and adoption amidst intense postwar politics to their virtual nullification by narrow Supreme Court decisions and Jim Crow state laws. Today these amendments remain strong tools for achieving the American ideal of equality, if only we will take them up. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Eat Drink Vote Marion Nestle, 2013-09-03 What's wrong with the US food system? Why is half the world starving while the other half battles obesity? Who decides our food issues, and why can't we do better with labeling, safety, or school food? These are complex questions that are hard to answer in an engaging way for a broad audience. But everybody eats, and food politics affects us all. Marion Nestle, whom Michael Pollan ranked as the #2 most powerful foodie in America (after Michelle Obama) in Forbes, has always used cartoons in her public presentations to communicate how politics—shaped by government, corporate marketing, economics, and geography—influences food choice. Cartoons do more than entertain; the best get right to the core of complicated concepts and powerfully convey what might otherwise take pages to explain. In Eat Drink Vote, Nestle teams up with The Cartoonist Group syndicate to present more than 250 of her favorite cartoons on issues ranging from dietary advice to genetic engineering to childhood obesity. Using the cartoons as illustration and commentary, she engagingly summarizes some of today's most pressing issues in food politics. While encouraging readers to vote with their forks for healthier diets, this book insists that it's also necessary to vote with votes to make it easier for everyone to make healthier dietary choices. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Color Blind Justice Mark Elliott, 2008-11-30 Civil War officer, Reconstruction carpetbagger, best-selling novelist, and relentless champion of equal rights--Albion Tourgée battled his entire life for racial justice. Now, in this engaging biography, Mark Elliott offers an insightful portrait of a fearless lawyer, jurist, and writer, who fought for equality long after most Americans had abandoned the ideals of Reconstruction. Elliott provides a fascinating account of Tourgée's life, from his childhood in the Western Reserve region of Ohio (then a hotbed of abolitionism), to his years as a North Carolina judge during Reconstruction, to his memorable role as lead plaintiff's counsel in the landmark Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson. Tourgée's brief coined the phrase that justice should be color-blind, and his career was one long campaign to make good on that belief. A redoubtable lawyer and an accomplished jurist, Tourgée's writings represent a mountain of dissent against the prevailing tide of racial oppression. A poignant and inspiring study in courage and conviction, Color-Blind Justice offers us an unforgettable portrayal of Albion Tourgée and the principles to which he dedicated his life. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: American Founding Son Gerard N. Magliocca, 2013-09-06 John Bingham was the architect of the rebirth of the United States following the Civil War. A leading antislavery lawyer and congressman from Ohio, Bingham wrote the most important part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which guarantees fundamental rights and equality to all Americans. He was also at the center of two of the greatest trials in history, giving the closing argument in the military prosecution of John Wilkes Booth’s co-conspirators for the assassination of Abraham Lincoln and in the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson. And more than any other man, Bingham played the key role in shaping the Union’s policy towards the occupied ex-Confederate States, with consequences that still haunt our politics. American Founding Son provides the most complete portrait yet of this remarkable statesman. Drawing on his personal letters and speeches, the book traces Bingham’s life from his humble roots in Pennsylvania through his career as a leader of the Republican Party. Gerard N. Magliocca argues that Bingham and his congressional colleagues transformed the Constitution that the Founding Fathers created, and did so with the same ingenuity that their forbears used to create a more perfect union in the 1780s. In this book, Magliocca restores Bingham to his rightful place as one of our great leaders. Gerard N. Magliocca is the Samuel R. Rosen Professor at Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law. He is the author of three books on constitutional law, and his work on Andrew Jackson was the subject of an hour-long program on C-Span’s Book TV. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Caricaturing Culture in India Ritu Gairola Khanduri, 2014-10-02 A highly original study of newspaper cartoons throughout India's history and culture, and their significance for the world today. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: The American Women's Rights Movement Paul D. Buchanan, 2009 More than 140 entries in this book depict events which have had lasting national significance in opening opportunities in the struggle for equal civil rights and opportunities for women. The impact of many of the included events was initially felt on a local level; but in time it created repercussions that spread across the country. These stories show women assuming roles of providers and heads of households, and their leadership, exerted in and outside the home, would often manifest in the community at large and, in turn, in the nation and in the world. The book is divided into four parts: OneThe Seeds Are planted; Two19th CenturyThe Movement Takes Root; Three20th CenturyReaching for the Sunlight; Four21st CenturyComing into Full Bloom. The book begins with Anne Hutchinson and Mary Dyer and ends with Condoleezza Rice, Nan |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Best Editorial Cartoons of the Year Brooks, Charles, 1979 |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Base Ball 10 Don Jensen, 2018-07-06 Offering the best in original research and analysis, Base Ball is an annually published book series that promotes the study of baseball's early history, from its protoball roots to 1920, and its rise to prominence within American popular culture. This volume, number 10, brings together 14 articles on a wide range of topics, including the role of physicians in spreading early baseball; the game's financial revolution of 1866, when teams began charging a 25-cent admission price; the prejudice that greeted Japan's Waseda University team during its American tour in 1905; the Addie Joss benefit game and its place in baseball lore; the 1867 western tour of the National Base Ball Club; and entrenched ideas about class and early baseball, with a focus on the supposedly blue-collar Pennsylvania Base Ball Club. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Gender and Journalism Mary Angela Bock, 2023-08-29 Gender and Journalism introduces students to how one facet of our humanity—gender—has a tremendous effect on the people working in journalism; the subjects and framing of the stories they tell; and ultimately the people who consume those stories. This engaging textbook provides a history of gender equality struggles alongside the development of news media in the United States. It provides foundational concepts, theories, and methods through which students can explore the role gender has played in news media. Promoting media literacy, the book empowers students to look at the many factors that influence stories and to become more critical media consumers and creators themselves. While the book centers on women’s experiences in the United States, it also considers the political, economic, and cultural aspects of gender and journalism globally. It addresses experiences of LGBTQ and non-white individuals to give an intersectional context to the ramifications of gender. Students learn important concepts such as hegemonic masculinity, colorblind racism, infantilization, and the double binds and explore issues related to gender in photojournalism, sports journalism, and broadcasting. Designed to humanize media institutions, the book highlights the lives of influential writers, journalists, activists, and media producers. Every chapter includes profiles of key journalists and activists and primary source excerpts, as well as reflection and media critique chapter-ending questions. Highlighted keywords in each chapter culminate in a comprehensive glossary. Instructor materials include suggested activities and sample quizzes. Content Features: Discussion of communication and media studies terms and theory Introduction to gender studies terms and theory Discussion of civil rights and race issues as they intersect with gender and journalism History of first- and second-wave feminism LGBTQ+ examples and history of gay rights Dedicated chapter on masculinity In-Text Features: Journalist and activist profile boxes Primary source excerpt boxes End-of-Chapter reflection and media critique questions Chapter keywords and cumulative glossary Instructor Resources: Online News Guidance Multimedia Resources In-Class Activities Clip Flip Exercise Chapter Quiz Questions Sample Syllabus |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Will you love me then as now Francis Weiland, 1853 |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: The First Amendment in Cross-Cultural Perspective Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr., Ronald J. Krotoszynski, 2009-03 The First Amendment—and its guarantee of free speech for all Americans—has been at the center of scholarly and public debate since the birth of the Constitution, and the fervor in which intellectuals, politicians, and ordinary citizens approach the topic shows no sign of abating as the legal boundaries and definitions of free speech are continually evolving and facing new challenges. Such discussions have generally remained within the boundaries of the U.S. Constitution and its American context, but consideration of free speech in other industrial democracies can offer valuable insights into the relationship between free speech and democracy on a larger and more global scale, thereby shedding new light on some unexamined (and untested) assumptions that underlie U.S. free speech doctrine. Ronald J. Krotoszynski, Jr., compares the First Amendment with free speech law in Japan, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom—countries that are all considered modern democracies but have radically different understandings of what constitutes free speech. Challenging the popular—and largely American—assertion that free speech is inherently necessary for democracy to thrive, Krotoszynski contends that it is very difficult to speak of free speech in universalist terms when the concept is examined from a framework of comparative law that takes cultural difference into full account. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: The Constitution , 1991 |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: American History Unbound Gary Y. Okihiro, 2015-08-25 A survey of U.S. history from its beginnings to the present, American History Unbound reveals our past through the lens of Asian American and Pacific Islander history. In so doing, it is a work of both history and anti-history, a narrative that fundamentally transforms and deepens our understanding of the United States. This text is accessible and filled with engaging stories and themes that draw attention to key theoretical and historical interpretations. Gary Y. Okihiro positions Asians and Pacific Islanders within a larger history of people of color in the United States and places the United States in the context of world history and oceanic worlds. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Library of Congress Magazine , 2017 |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Televised Redemption Carolyn Moxley Rouse, John L. Jackson (Jr.), Marla F. Frederick, 2016-11-22 How Black Christians, Muslims, and Jews have used media to prove their equality, not only in the eyes of God but in society. The institutional structures of white supremacy—slavery, Jim Crow laws, convict leasing, and mass incarceration—require a commonsense belief that black people lack the moral and intellectual capacities of white people. It is through this lens of belief that racial exclusions have been justified and reproduced in the United States. Televised Redemption argues that African American religious media has long played a key role in humanizing the race by unabashedly claiming that blacks are endowed by God with the same gifts of goodness and reason as whites—if not more, thereby legitimizing black Americans’ rights to citizenship. If racism is a form of perception, then religious media has not only altered how others perceive blacks, but has also altered how blacks perceive themselves. Televised Redemption argues that black religious media has provided black Americans with new conceptual and practical tools for how to be in the world, and changed how black people are made intelligible and recognizable as moral citizens. In order to make these claims to black racial equality, this media has encouraged dispositional changes in adherents that were at times empowering and at other times repressive. From Christian televangelism to Muslim periodicals to Hebrew Israelite radio, Televised Redemption explores the complicated but critical redemptive history of African American religious media. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Abe David S. Reynolds, 2020-09-29 Now an Apple TV+ documentary, Lincoln's Dilemma, airing February 18, 2022. One of the Wall Street Journal's Ten Best Books of the Year | A Washington Post Notable Book | A Christian Science Monitor and Kirkus Reviews Best Book of 2020 Winner of the Gilder Lehrman Abraham Lincoln Prize and the Abraham Lincoln Institute Book Award A marvelous cultural biography that captures Lincoln in all his historical fullness. . . . using popular culture in this way, to fill out the context surrounding Lincoln, is what makes Mr. Reynolds's biography so different and so compelling . . . Where did the sympathy and compassion expressed in [Lincoln's] Second Inaugural—'With malice toward none; with charity for all'—come from? This big, wonderful book provides the richest cultural context to explain that, and everything else, about Lincoln. —Gordon Wood, Wall Street Journal From one of the great historians of nineteenth-century America, a revelatory and enthralling new biography of Lincoln, many years in the making, that brings him to life within his turbulent age David S. Reynolds, author of the Bancroft Prize-winning cultural biography of Walt Whitman and many other iconic works of nineteenth century American history, understands the currents in which Abraham Lincoln swam as well as anyone alive. His magisterial biography Abe is the product of full-body immersion into the riotous tumult of American life in the decades before the Civil War. It was a country growing up and being pulled apart at the same time, with a democratic popular culture that reflected the country's contradictions. Lincoln's lineage was considered auspicious by Emerson, Whitman, and others who prophesied that a new man from the West would emerge to balance North and South. From New England Puritan stock on his father's side and Virginia Cavalier gentry on his mother's, Lincoln was linked by blood to the central conflict of the age. And an enduring theme of his life, Reynolds shows, was his genius for striking a balance between opposing forces. Lacking formal schooling but with an unquenchable thirst for self-improvement, Lincoln had a talent for wrestling and bawdy jokes that made him popular with his peers, even as his appetite for poetry and prodigious gifts for memorization set him apart from them through his childhood, his years as a lawyer, and his entrance into politics. No one can transcend the limitations of their time, and Lincoln was no exception. But what emerges from Reynolds's masterful reckoning is a man who at each stage in his life managed to arrive at a broader view of things than all but his most enlightened peers. As a politician, he moved too slowly for some and too swiftly for many, but he always pushed toward justice while keeping the whole nation in mind. Abe culminates, of course, in the Civil War, the defining test of Lincoln and his beloved country. Reynolds shows us the extraordinary range of cultural knowledge Lincoln drew from as he shaped a vision of true union, transforming, in Martin Luther King Jr.'s words, the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. Abraham Lincoln did not come out of nowhere. But if he was shaped by his times, he also managed at his life's fateful hour to shape them to an extent few could have foreseen. Ultimately, this is the great drama that astonishes us still, and that Abe brings to fresh and vivid life. The measure of that life will always be part of our American education. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: The Nealy Way of Knowledge William Nealy, 2000-04-01 For over twenty years, readers have been entertained by the artistic stylings of William Nealy - boater, mountain biker, and cartoonist extraordinaire. With The Nealy Way of Knowledge, fans will be able to peruse over 60 never-before-seen cartoons in addition to the classics that portray the wit, insight, and humor Nealy readers have come to expect. Those unfamiliar with Nealy's cartoons will find strange but true camping stories, outdoor products you can't do without, hot air rubber chickens, skater moms, puns, an ode to duct tape, the roots of mountain biking, terrorizing squirrels, killer woodchucks, and spawning kayaks. If you don't fall on the floor laughing, you might want to check your pulse. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Visual Rhetoric Lester C. Olson, Cara A. Finnegan, Diane S. Hope, 2008-03-20 Visual images, artifacts, and performances play a powerful part in shaping U.S. culture. To understand the dynamics of public persuasion, students must understand this visual rhetoric. This rich anthology contains 20 exemplary studies of visual rhetoric, exploring an array of visual communication forms, from photographs, prints, television documentary, and film to stamps, advertisements, and tattoos. In material original to this volume, editors Lester C. Olson, Cara A. Finnegan, and Diane S. Hope present a critical perspective that links visuality and rhetoric, locates the study of visual rhetoric within the disciplinary framework of communication, and explores the role of the visual in the cultural space of the United States. Enhanced with these critical editorial perspectives, Visual Rhetoric: A Reader in Communication and American Culture provides a conceptual framework for students to understand and reflect on the role of visual communication in the cultural and public sphere of the United States. Key Features and Benefits Five broad pairs of rhetorical action—performing and seeing; remembering and memorializing; confronting and resisting; commodifying and consuming; governing and authorizing—introduce students to the ways visual images and artifacts become powerful tools of persuasion Each section opens with substantive editorial commentary to provide readers with a clear conceptual framework for understanding the rhetorical action in question, and closes with discussion questions to encourage reflection among the essays The collection includes a range of media, cultures, and time periods; covers a wide range of scholarly approaches and methods of handling primary materials; and attends to issues of gender, race, sexuality and class Contributors include: Thomas Benson; Barbara Biesecker; Carole Blair; Dan Brouwer; Dana Cloud; Kevin Michael DeLuca; Anne Teresa Demo; Janis L. Edwards; Keith V. Erickson; Cara A. Finnegan; Bruce Gronbeck; Robert Hariman; Christine Harold; Ekaterina Haskins; Diane S. Hope; Judith Lancioni; Margaret R. LaWare; John Louis Lucaites; Neil Michel; Charles E. Morris III; Lester C. Olson; Shawn J. Parry-Giles; Ronald Shields; John M. Sloop; Nathan Stormer; Reginald Twigg and Carol K. Winkler This book significantly advances theory and method in the study of visual rhetoric through its comprehensive approach and wise separations of key conceptual components. —Julianne H. Newton, University of Oregon |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: The Christian Science Monitor Index , 1996 |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Pledge of Allegiance (ENHANCED eBook) Douglas M. Rife, 1998-03-01 A fascinating look at the history, meaning and controversial aspects of the pledge and its relevance to the present day. Includes a reproduction of original 1892 editorial cartoons and activities based on two Supreme Court decisions. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Congressional Record United States. Congress, 2008 The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873) |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Literacy in History and Social Studies, Grades 6 - 8 Schyrlet Cameron, Suzanne Myers, 2014-01-15 Literacy in History and Social Studies: Learning Station Activities to Meet CCSS builds student interest, allows for inquiry, and increases student achievement. Includes Common Core State Standards matrices. Can be used for center activities, whole-class instruction, or individual assignments. History and Social Studies topics include: Civil War, Westward Migration, Immigration, WomenÕs Suffrage, and Citizenship: Rights and Responsibilities. --Mark Twain Media Publishing Company specializes in providing captivating, supplemental books and decorative resources to complement middle- and upper-grade classrooms. Designed by leading educators, the product line covers a range of subjects including mathematics, sciences, language arts, social studies, history, government, fine arts, and character. Mark Twain Media also provides innovative classroom solutions for bulletin boards and interactive whiteboards. Since 1977, Mark Twain Media has remained a reliable source for a wide variety of engaging classroom resources. |
| 15th amendment political cartoon: Black Female Vampires in African American Women’s Novels, 1977–2011 Kendra R. Parker, 2018-11-09 This book critically situates the figure of the black female vampire in several fields of study including literary studies, cultural studies, gender studies, and critical race studies. Black female vampires continue to appear as important literary devices and revealing indicators of cultural attitudes and trends about African American women’s bodies. This book examines five novels written by four African American women writers to investigate what it means to represent African American womanhood through the lens of vampirism, interrogate how these representations connect to or stem from historical representations of African American women, and explore how representations of black female vampires in African American women’s literature simultaneously negate, reinforce, or dismantle stereotypes of African American women. |
15th or 15nd – Which is Correct? - Two Minute English
Feb 12, 2025 · Therefore, the correct way to write it is 15th. Example Sentences Using “15th”: My brother will turn 15 on the 15th of March.
15th - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
6 days ago · coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position
15th or 15nd? - Spelling Which Is Correct How To Spell
15th or 15nd check which spelling is correct on WhichIsCorrect.com - Free Online English Dictionary. Definition for 15th or 15nd.
FIFTEENTH | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
Our team is ranked fifteenth in the country. [ C ] Her birthday is on the fifteenth of May. A fifteenth is one of fifteen equal parts of something. We know, thanks to carbon dating, that it was put …
15st vs 15th – Which is Correct? - Two Minute English
Mar 1, 2025 · Therefore, “15th” is the correct form, meaning the fifteenth item in a series. Where Might You See ’15th’? My birthday falls on September 15th. The 15th amendment gave the …
West Seneca, NY Weather
Partly cloudy skies during the evening will give way to cloudy skies overnight. A stray shower or thunderstorm is possible late. Low around 65F. Winds SW at 10 to 15 mph. Cloudy. A stray …
ebenezeralehouse.com
Stop In Today To Grab a Bite At West Seneca's Premier Dining Experience. Over a Dozen Craft Beers On Top & Food Everyone Will Love. The Biggest St. Patrick's Day Party In The South …
fifteenth ordinal number - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and ...
Definition of fifteenth ordinal number in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
FIFTEENTH | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
Our team is ranked fifteenth in the country. [ C ] Her birthday is on the fifteenth of May. A fifteenth is one of fifteen equal parts of something. In his day fourteen-fifteenths of the national income …
Weekly Flyer - The Market in the Square
Weekly Specials - June 22nd thru June 28th. View Printable PDF ...
15th or 15nd – Which is Correct? - Two Minute English
Feb 12, 2025 · Therefore, the correct way to write it is 15th. Example Sentences Using “15th”: My brother will turn 15 on the 15th of March.
15th - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
6 days ago · coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position
15th or 15nd? - Spelling Which Is Correct How To Spell
15th or 15nd check which spelling is correct on WhichIsCorrect.com - Free Online English Dictionary. Definition for 15th or 15nd.
FIFTEENTH | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
Our team is ranked fifteenth in the country. [ C ] Her birthday is on the fifteenth of May. A fifteenth is one of fifteen equal parts of something. We know, thanks to carbon dating, that it was put …
15st vs 15th – Which is Correct? - Two Minute English
Mar 1, 2025 · Therefore, “15th” is the correct form, meaning the fifteenth item in a series. Where Might You See ’15th’? My birthday falls on September 15th. The 15th amendment gave the …
West Seneca, NY Weather
Partly cloudy skies during the evening will give way to cloudy skies overnight. A stray shower or thunderstorm is possible late. Low around 65F. Winds SW at 10 to 15 mph. Cloudy. A stray …
ebenezeralehouse.com
Stop In Today To Grab a Bite At West Seneca's Premier Dining Experience. Over a Dozen Craft Beers On Top & Food Everyone Will Love. The Biggest St. Patrick's Day Party In The South …
fifteenth ordinal number - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and ...
Definition of fifteenth ordinal number in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
FIFTEENTH | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
Our team is ranked fifteenth in the country. [ C ] Her birthday is on the fifteenth of May. A fifteenth is one of fifteen equal parts of something. In his day fourteen-fifteenths of the national income …
Weekly Flyer - The Market in the Square
Weekly Specials - June 22nd thru June 28th. View Printable PDF ...
