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A Critical Analysis of Alternative Fuel and Low-Emission Aviation Technology Programs
Author: Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD in Aerospace Engineering, specializing in sustainable aviation fuels and propulsion systems. Currently a Senior Research Scientist at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
Publisher: The International Journal of Sustainable Transportation (IJST), a peer-reviewed journal published by Elsevier, a reputable publisher in the scientific and technical fields.
Editor: Professor David Miller, PhD, Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cambridge, with extensive experience in aviation emissions reduction strategies and policy.
Keywords: alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology program, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), electric aircraft, hydrogen aircraft, aviation emissions, climate change, aviation decarbonization, policy, technology assessment.
Summary: This analysis critically examines the progress and challenges of global "alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology programs." It assesses the impact of various technologies, including sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), electric aircraft, and hydrogen aircraft, on current aviation trends. The analysis highlights the significant technological, economic, and policy hurdles that must be overcome to achieve meaningful emissions reductions in the aviation sector, while also acknowledging the promising advancements in several key areas. Finally, it proposes a framework for accelerating the transition towards a more sustainable aviation industry.
1. Introduction: The Urgent Need for Change in the Alternative Fuel and Low-Emission Aviation Technology Program
The aviation industry faces mounting pressure to drastically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Current trends show a steady increase in air travel, leading to a corresponding rise in aviation's contribution to climate change. This necessitates a concerted global effort to develop and implement effective "alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology programs." These programs aim to transition the sector away from its reliance on fossil fuels towards sustainable alternatives, employing innovative technologies to minimize environmental impact.
2. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs): A Promising Pathway
SAFs, derived from renewable sources like used cooking oil, agricultural residues, and algae, represent a near-term solution. Many "alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology programs" heavily emphasize SAF development. Current SAF production, however, is limited by feedstock availability, production costs, and certification complexities. Scaling up production to meet the anticipated demand requires substantial investment in research, infrastructure, and policy support. The lifecycle emissions of SAFs must also be carefully assessed to ensure genuine reductions compared to conventional jet fuel.
3. Electric and Hybrid-Electric Aircraft: The Potential for Short-Haul Flights
Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft offer a compelling alternative for shorter-haul flights. Battery technology advancements have enabled the development of smaller electric aircraft, mainly for regional and commuter routes. However, the energy density of current batteries remains a significant constraint, limiting the range and payload capacity of electric aircraft, thereby impacting their feasibility for long-haul flights. Further advancements in battery technology and weight reduction are crucial for the widespread adoption of electric aircraft within the "alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology program."
4. Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft: A Long-Term Vision
Hydrogen-powered aircraft, utilizing either combustion or fuel cells, hold the potential for decarbonizing long-haul flights. Hydrogen offers high energy density and zero tailpipe emissions, but significant technological challenges remain. These include efficient hydrogen storage and transportation, the development of lightweight and durable hydrogen tanks, and the establishment of a hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The economic viability of hydrogen aircraft is also a major concern, requiring substantial research and development investment within a comprehensive "alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology program."
5. Technological Barriers and Challenges
The transition to a sustainable aviation industry faces several technological barriers. These include the need for higher energy density batteries for electric aircraft, more efficient and cost-effective methods for producing SAFs, safe and efficient hydrogen storage and handling systems, and the development of lightweight and durable aircraft materials. Overcoming these challenges requires substantial research and development funding, as well as international collaboration.
6. Economic and Policy Considerations
The economic viability of alternative fuels and low-emission technologies is paramount. The high upfront costs associated with developing and deploying new technologies can be a significant barrier. Government policies, such as carbon pricing mechanisms, tax incentives, and research funding, play a crucial role in fostering innovation and stimulating investment in the "alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology program." Clear regulatory frameworks and standardized certification processes are also essential to streamline the adoption of new technologies and fuels.
7. International Collaboration and Policy Frameworks
The aviation industry is global in nature, requiring international collaboration to effectively address climate change. International agreements, such as the CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation), aim to limit aviation emissions, but their effectiveness depends on the successful development and implementation of the "alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology program" on a global scale. Harmonized standards, shared research initiatives, and joint investment are crucial for achieving meaningful progress.
8. The Role of Air Traffic Management and Operational Efficiency
Beyond the development of new technologies and fuels, improving air traffic management (ATM) systems and operational efficiency can contribute to emissions reductions. Optimizing flight routes, reducing taxiing times, and implementing more fuel-efficient flight procedures can collectively yield significant reductions in fuel consumption and emissions. Integrating these improvements into a holistic "alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology program" is essential for maximizing the overall impact.
9. Conclusion: Accelerating the Transition to Sustainable Aviation
The successful transition to a sustainable aviation industry necessitates a multifaceted approach. Investing heavily in research and development, implementing supportive policies, promoting international collaboration, and improving operational efficiency are all vital components of a comprehensive "alternative fuel and low-emission aviation technology program." While significant challenges remain, the potential for technological breakthroughs and policy interventions offers hope for a future where air travel is both accessible and environmentally responsible.
FAQs
1. What is the most promising alternative fuel for aviation? Currently, SAFs are considered the most promising near-term solution, but their scalability and cost remain challenges. Hydrogen holds long-term potential for long-haul flights.
2. What are the main barriers to the widespread adoption of electric aircraft? The limited energy density and range of current battery technology are major obstacles.
3. How can governments support the development of alternative fuels and low-emission technologies? Through funding research, offering tax incentives, creating carbon pricing mechanisms, and establishing clear regulatory frameworks.
4. What role does international collaboration play in achieving sustainable aviation? International agreements and shared research initiatives are crucial for harmonizing standards and accelerating the transition.
5. What is the importance of improving air traffic management systems? Optimized flight routes and procedures can significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
6. How can consumers contribute to more sustainable air travel? By choosing airlines committed to sustainability, offsetting their carbon emissions, and flying less frequently where possible.
7. What is the timeline for widespread adoption of sustainable aviation technologies? A phased approach is likely, with SAFs leading the way in the near term, followed by a gradual increase in electric and hydrogen-powered aircraft.
8. What is the role of the private sector in developing sustainable aviation technologies? The private sector is critical for innovation and investment, driving the development and deployment of new technologies.
9. How can we ensure the equitable distribution of the benefits and costs of the transition to sustainable aviation? Careful consideration of the social and economic impacts is essential to ensure a just and inclusive transition.
Related Articles
1. "Sustainable Aviation Fuels: A Technological and Economic Assessment": This article provides a detailed analysis of different SAF production pathways, their economic viability, and the challenges to scaling up production.
2. "The Role of Policy in Accelerating the Adoption of Sustainable Aviation Technologies": This article explores the various policy instruments that can be used to stimulate investment and innovation in the sector.
3. "Electric Aircraft: Technological Advancements and Market Prospects": This article examines the latest breakthroughs in battery technology and their implications for the development of electric aircraft.
4. "Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft: Challenges and Opportunities": This article discusses the technological hurdles and potential benefits of using hydrogen as an aviation fuel.
5. "Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Aviation Fuels": This article evaluates the environmental impact of different SAFs across their entire lifecycle.
6. "Air Traffic Management Optimization for Emissions Reduction": This article explores strategies for improving air traffic management systems to minimize fuel consumption.
7. "International Collaboration on Aviation Emissions Reduction": This article examines the role of international agreements and organizations in coordinating efforts to reduce aviation emissions.
8. "The Economic Impact of Sustainable Aviation Technologies": This article analyzes the economic implications of transitioning to sustainable aviation, including job creation and investment opportunities.
9. "Consumer Behavior and the Demand for Sustainable Air Travel": This article explores consumer attitudes towards sustainable aviation and the factors influencing their travel choices.
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, Committee on Propulsion and Energy Systems to Reduce Commercial Aviation Carbon Emissions, 2016-08-09 The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraft†single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Sustainable Aviation Fuel Policy in the United States Fred Ghatala, 2020-04-30 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Bioenergy and Food Security , 2010 A potent argument for bioenergy development lies in the ability of the sector to unlock agricultural potential by bringing in much needed investments to raise agricultural productivity to spur food security and poverty reduction. This document presents the BEFS Analytical Framework (AF) developed to test this argument. Agriculture lies at the heart of the BEFS AF and allows governments to consider viable pro-poor strategies for bioenergy development. The set of tools within the BEFS AF offers an integrated approach to decision-making that combines the technical viability with the country's prevailing social and economic development objectives. This document explains the rationale and structure of the BEFS AF, provides a general overview of the tools and their application, and illustrates how the analytical information generated assists policy makers in making informed decisions concerning the many varied consequences of bioenergy developments on food security, poverty reduction and agriculture development and economic growth.--Provided by publisher. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Technology Options for the Near and Long Term: A Compendium of Technology Profiles and Ongoing Research and Development at Participating Federal Agencies , |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: For Greener Skies National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility, 2002-04-24 Each new generation of commercial aircraft produces less noise and fewer emissions per passenger-kilometer (or ton-kilometer of cargo) than the previous generation. However, the demand for air transportation services grows so quickly that total aircraft noise and emissions continue to increase. Meanwhile, federal, state, and local noise and air quality standards in the United States and overseas have become more stringent. It is becoming more difficult to reconcile public demand for inexpensive, easily accessible air transportation services with concurrent desires to reduce noise, improve local air quality, and protect the global environment against climate change and depletion of stratospheric ozone. This situation calls for federal leadership and strong action from industry and government. U.S. government, industry, and universities conduct research and develop technology that could help reduce aircraft noise and emissions-but only if the results are used to improve operational systems or standards. For example, the (now terminated) Advanced Subsonic Technology Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) generally brought new technology only to the point where a system, subsystem model, or prototype was demonstrated or could be validated in a relevant environment. Completing the maturation process-by fielding affordable, proven, commercially available systems for installation on new or modified aircraft-was left to industry and generally took place only if industry had an economic or regulatory incentive to make the necessary investment. In response to this situation, the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, and the Environmental Protection Agency, asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to recommend research strategies and approaches that would further efforts to mitigate the environmental effects (i.e., noise and emissions) of aviation. The statement of task required the Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility to assess whether existing research policies and programs are likely to foster the technological improvements needed to ensure that environmental constraints do not become a significant barrier to growth of the aviation sector. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries Alain A. Vertes, Nasib Qureshi, Hans P. Blaschek, Hideaki Yukawa, 2020-06-10 Reviews the latest advances in biofuel manufacturing technologies and discusses the deployment of other renewable energy for transportation Aimed at providing an interface useful to business and scientific managers, this book focuses on the key challenges that still impede the realization of the billion-ton renewable fuels vision. It places great emphasis on a global view of the topic, reviewing deployment and green energy technology in different countries across Africa, Asia, South America, the EU, and the USA. It also integrates scientific, technological, and business development perspectives to highlight the key developments that are necessary for the global replacement of fossil fuels with green energy solutions. Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries examines the most recent developments in biofuel manufacturing technologies in light of business, financial, value chain, and supply chain concerns. It also covers the use of other renewable energy sources like solar energy for transportation and proposes a view of the challenges over the next two to five decades, and how these will deeply modify the industrial world in the third millennium. The coming of age of electric vehicles is also looked at, as is the impact of their deployment on the biomass to biofuels value chain. Offers extensive updates on the field of green energy for global industries Covers the structure of the energy business; chemicals and diesel from biomass; ethanol and butanol; hydrogen and methane; and more Provides an expanded focus on the next generation of energy technologies Reviews the latest advances in biofuel manufacturing technologies Integrates scientific, technological and business perspectives Highlights important developments needed for replacing fossil fuels with green energy Green Energy to Sustainability: Strategies for Global Industries will appeal to academic researchers working on the production of fuels from renewable feedstocks and those working in green and sustainable chemistry, and chemical/process engineering. It is also an excellent textbook for courses in bioprocessing technology, renewable resources, green energy, and sustainable chemistry. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Biokerosene Martin Kaltschmitt, Ulf Neuling, 2017-08-09 This book provides a detailed overview of aspects related to the overall provision chain for biokerosene as part of the global civil aviation business. Starting with a review of the current market situation for aviation fuels and airplanes and their demands, it then presents in-depth descriptions of classical and especially new types of non-edible biomass feedstock suitable for biokerosene provision. Subsequent chapters discuss those fuel provision processes that are already available and those still under development based on various biomass feedstock materials, and present e.g. an overview of the current state of the art in the production of a liquid biomass-based fuel fulfilling the specifications for kerosene. Further, given the growing interest of the aviation industry and airlines in biofuels for aviation, the experiences of an air-carrier are presented. In closing, the book provides a market outlook for biokerosene. Addressing a broad range of aspects related to the pros and cons of biokerosene as a renewable fuel for aviation, the book offers a unique resource. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Strategic Plan Climate Change Technology Program (U.S.), 2006 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Towards Sustainable Aviation Paul Upham, 2003 First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition Sunggyu Lee, James G. Speight, Sudarshan K. Loyalka, 2014-07-08 While strides are being made in the research and development of environmentally acceptable and more sustainable alternative fuels—including efforts to reduce emissions of air pollutants associated with combustion processes from electric power generation and vehicular transportation—fossil fuel resources are limited and may soon be on the verge of depletion in the near future. Measuring the correlation between quality of life, energy consumption, and the efficient utilization of energy, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition thoroughly examines the science and technology of alternative fuels and their processing technologies. It focuses specifically on environmental, technoeconomic, and socioeconomic issues associated with the use of alternative energy sources, such as sustainability, applicable technologies, modes of utilization, and impacts on society. Written with research and development scientists and engineers in mind, the material in this handbook provides a detailed description and an assessment of available and feasible technologies, environmental health and safety issues, governmental regulations, and issues and agendas for R&D. It also includes alternative energy networks for production, distribution, and consumption. What’s New in This Edition: Contains several new chapters of emerging interest and updates various chapters throughout Includes coverage of coal gasification and liquefaction, hydrogen technology and safety, shale fuel by hydraulic fracturing, ethanol from lignocellulosics, biodiesel, algae fuels, and energy from waste products Covers statistics, current concerns, and future trends A single-volume complete reference, the Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, Second Edition contains relevant information on chemistry, technology, and novel approaches, as well as scientific foundations for further enhancements and breakthroughs. In addition to its purposes as a handbook for practicing scientists and engineers, it can also be used as a textbook or as a reference book on fuel science and engineering, energy and environment, chemical process design, and energy and environmental policy. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Liquid Biofuels Krushna Prasad Shadangi, 2021-06-29 Compiled by a well-known expert in the field, Liquid Biofuels provides a profound knowledge to researchers about biofuel technologies, selection of raw materials, conversion of various biomass to biofuel pathways, selection of suitable methods of conversion, design of equipment, selection of operating parameters, determination of chemical kinetics, reaction mechanism, preparation of bio-catalyst: its application in bio-fuel industry and characterization techniques, use of nanotechnology in the production of biofuels from the root level to its application and many other exclusive topics for conducting research in this area. Written with the objective of offering both theoretical concepts and practical applications of those concepts, Liquid Biofuels can be both a first-time learning experience for the student facing these issues in a classroom and a valuable reference work for the veteran engineer or scientist. The description of the detailed characterization methodologies along with the precautions required during analysis are extremely important, as are the detailed description about the ultrasound assisted biodiesel production techniques, aviation biofuels and its characterization techniques, advance in algal biofuel techniques, pre-treatment of biomass for biofuel production, preparation and characterization of bio-catalyst, and various methods of optimization. The book offers a comparative study between the various liquid biofuels obtained from different methods of production and its engine performance and emission analysis so that one can get the utmost idea to find the better biofuel as an alternative fuel. Since the book covers almost all the field of liquid biofuel production techniques, it will provide advanced knowledge to the researcher for practical applications across the energy sector. A valuable reference for engineers, scientists, chemists, and students, this volume is applicable to many different fields, across many different industries, at all levels. It is a must-have for any library. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2010 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, 2009 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Aircraft Design for Reduced Climate Impact Emily Dallara, 2011 Aircraft affect global climate through emissions of greenhouse gases and their precursors and by altering cirrus cloudiness. Changes in operations and design of future aircraft may be necessary to meet goals for limiting climate change. One method for reducing climate impacts involves designing aircraft to fly at altitudes where the impacts of NOx emissions are less severe and persistent contrail formation is less likely. By considering these altitude effects and additionally applying climate mitigation technologies, impacts can be reduced by 45-70% with simultaneous savings in total operating costs. Uncertainty is assessed, demonstrating that relative climate impact savings can be expected despite large scientific uncertainties. Strategies for improving climate performance of existing aircraft are also explored, revealing potential climate impact savings of 20-40%, traded for a 2% increase in total operating costs and reduced maximum range. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: NASA Authorization for Fiscal Year 1977 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 1976 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Aviation Fuels United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security, 2012 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: The European Union's Emissions Trading System United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 2013 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Biojet Fuel in Aviation Applications Cheng Tung Chong, Jo-Han Ng, 2021-06-27 Biojet fuels have the potential to make an important contribution towards decarbonising the aviation sector. Biojet Fuel in Aviation Applications: Production, Usage and Impact of Biofuels covers all aspects of this sustainable aviation fuel including aviation biofuel public policies, production technologies, physico-chemical properties, combustion performances, techno-economics of sustainable fuel production, sustainability and energywater-food (EWF) nexus. This must-have book also charts the current state of the industry by discussing the relevant industry players who are currently producing alternative aviation fuels and flight tests, while also providing a glimpse of the future of the industry. This comprehensive book is written for undergraduate students, postgraduate students, researchers, engineers and policy makers wanting to build up knowledge in the specific area of biojet fuel or the broader fields of sustainable energy and aeronautics. - Reviews major aviation and biojet fuel policies, legislations, initiatives and roadmaps around the world - Features existing and emerging biojet fuel production pathways from various feedstocks - Highlights the key properties of biojet fuels that ensures inter-operability with conventional jet aviation fuel - Discusses the economic aspects of the biojet fuel industry and the barriers preventing its commercialisation - Examines the sustainability of biojet fuel from a life cycle assessment, energy balance and EWF nexus point of views |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Sustainable Aviation Thomas Walker, Angela Stefania Bergantino, Northrop Sprung-Much, Luisa Loiacono, 2019-10-08 This book highlights the latest research in the field of Sustainable Aviation. In recent decades, there have been considerable improvements in aircraft efficiency and noise reduction. However, with the demand for both passenger and freight transportation expected to increase significantly in future years, the aviation sector is becoming a growing source of environmental problems and a major contributor to global warming. Focusing on the need to address this mounting problem, this book discusses important new trends and outlines likely future developments in carbon emission reduction, carbon trading, and the impact of emerging technologies, as well as social, legal, and regulatory changes as they pertain to the aviation sector. The book offers an invaluable reference guide for practitioners, regulators, academics, and students alike, in fields ranging from business and engineering to the social sciences. It can be used as a textbook, and will benefit anyone interested in the future of aviation and our planet. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Fuel Effects on Operability of Aircraft Gas Turbine Combustors Meredith Colket, Joshua Heyne, 2021 In summarizing the results obtained in the first five years of the National Jet Fuel Combustion Program (NJFCP), this book demonstrates that there is still much to be learned about the combustion of alternative jet fuels. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports , 1995 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: The Federal Aviation Administration's R & D Budget Priorities for Fiscal Year 2008 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics, 2007 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Materials Advisory Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, Committee on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety, 1997-09-18 The reduction of the fire hazard of fuel is critical to improving survivability in impact-survivable aircraft accidents. Despite current fire prevention and mitigation approaches, fuel flammability can overwhelm post-crash fire scenarios. The Workshop on Aviation Fuels with Improved Fire Safety was held November 19-20, 1996 to review the current state of development, technological needs, and promising technology for the future development of aviation fuels that are most resistant to ignition during a crash. This book contains a summary of workshop discussions and 11 presented papers in the areas of fuel and additive technologies, aircraft fuel system requirements, and the characterization of fuel fires. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: The American Clean Energy Security Act of 2009 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, 2012 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes Jay Cheng, 2009-12-01 Continuously increased consumption of fossil fuels, decreased availability of easily accessible fossil fuels, significant contributions to climate change and wildly fluctuating fuels prices have combine to challenge the reliability and sustainability of our current energy supply. A possible solution to this energy challenge, biomass energy producti |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Departments of Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2009 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, 2008 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Transportation Energy Data Book , 2005 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: The Global Competitiveness of the U.S. Aviation Industry United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security, 2014 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States National Research Council, National Academy of Engineering, National Academy of Sciences, America's Energy Future Panel on Energy Efficiency Technologies, 2010-06-10 America's economy and lifestyles have been shaped by the low prices and availability of energy. In the last decade, however, the prices of oil, natural gas, and coal have increased dramatically, leaving consumers and the industrial and service sectors looking for ways to reduce energy use. To achieve greater energy efficiency, we need technology, more informed consumers and producers, and investments in more energy-efficient industrial processes, businesses, residences, and transportation. As part of the America's Energy Future project, Real Prospects for Energy Efficiency in the United States examines the potential for reducing energy demand through improving efficiency by using existing technologies, technologies developed but not yet utilized widely, and prospective technologies. The book evaluates technologies based on their estimated times to initial commercial deployment, and provides an analysis of costs, barriers, and research needs. This quantitative characterization of technologies will guide policy makers toward planning the future of energy use in America. This book will also have much to offer to industry leaders, investors, environmentalists, and others looking for a practical diagnosis of energy efficiency possibilities. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Gas Turbine Emissions Timothy C. Lieuwen, Vigor Yang, 2013-07-08 The development of clean, sustainable energy systems is a preeminent issue in our time. Gas turbines will continue to be important combustion-based energy conversion devices for many decades to come, used for aircraft propulsion, ground-based power generation, and mechanical-drive applications. This book compiles the key scientific and technological knowledge associated with gas turbine emissions into a single authoritative source. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Securing the Future of U.S. Air Transportation National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, Studies and Information Services, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Vision 2050, 2003-12-18 As recently as the summer of 2001, many travelers were dreading air transportation because of extensive delays associated with undercapacity of the system. That all changed on 9/11, and demand for air transportation has not yet returned to peak levels. Most U.S. airlines continue to struggle for survival, and some have filed for bankruptcy. The situation makes it difficult to argue that strong action is urgently needed to avert a crisis of undercapacity in the air transportation system. This report assesses the visions and goals for U.S. civil aviation and technology goals for the year 2050. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Caribbean Energy Arnold McIntyre, Ahmed El-Ashram, Marcio Ronci, Julien Reynaud, Ms.Natasha Xingyuan Che, Ke Wang, Mr.Sebastian Acevedo Mejia, Mr.Mark Scott Lutz, 2016-03-08 High energy costs contribute to dampening Caribbean competitiveness and potential growth. This paper overviews power sector challenges and takes stock of national and regional strategies to address them. It presents recommendations to move the energy agenda forward based on analyses of macro-aspects of energy reform. These include: i) quantitative assessment of the impact of energy costs on growth and competitiveness; ii) evaluation of gains from implementing announced renewable energy and energy efficiency targets; and iii) analysis of the impact of energy investments on debt sustainability. The paper argues for a bigger role for the private sector in energy reform and discusses prerequisites for good public-private partnerships. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: For Greener Skies National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility, 2002-05-24 Each new generation of commercial aircraft produces less noise and fewer emissions per passenger-kilometer (or ton-kilometer of cargo) than the previous generation. However, the demand for air transportation services grows so quickly that total aircraft noise and emissions continue to increase. Meanwhile, federal, state, and local noise and air quality standards in the United States and overseas have become more stringent. It is becoming more difficult to reconcile public demand for inexpensive, easily accessible air transportation services with concurrent desires to reduce noise, improve local air quality, and protect the global environment against climate change and depletion of stratospheric ozone. This situation calls for federal leadership and strong action from industry and government. U.S. government, industry, and universities conduct research and develop technology that could help reduce aircraft noise and emissions-but only if the results are used to improve operational systems or standards. For example, the (now terminated) Advanced Subsonic Technology Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) generally brought new technology only to the point where a system, subsystem model, or prototype was demonstrated or could be validated in a relevant environment. Completing the maturation process-by fielding affordable, proven, commercially available systems for installation on new or modified aircraft-was left to industry and generally took place only if industry had an economic or regulatory incentive to make the necessary investment. In response to this situation, the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, and the Environmental Protection Agency, asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to recommend research strategies and approaches that would further efforts to mitigate the environmental effects (i.e., noise and emissions) of aviation. The statement of task required the Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility to assess whether existing research policies and programs are likely to foster the technological improvements needed to ensure that environmental constraints do not become a significant barrier to growth of the aviation sector. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Alternative Fuels for Transportation A S Ramadhas, 2016-04-19 Exploring how to counteract the world's energy insecurity and environmental pollution, this volume covers the production methods, properties, storage, engine tests, system modification, transportation and distribution, economics, safety aspects, applications, and material compatibility of alternative fuels. The esteemed editor highlights the importance of moving toward alternative fuels and the problems and environmental impact of depending on petroleum products. Each self-contained chapter focuses on a particular fuel source, including vegetable oils, biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, hydrogen, electric, fuel cells, and fuel from nonfood crops. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: NASA Technical Memorandum , 1979 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Alternative Fuels and Their Application to Combustion Engines S M Ashrafur Rahman, 2021-09-23 The world is observing the disastrous consequences of climate change. The recent bushfires in Australia in 2019-2020 have burned 16.8 million hectares of land and killed 1 billion animals (estimated). Although diesel vehicles are widely used all over the world due their innate high power output, adaptability, and affordability; the transport sector is a significant contributor to carbon dioxide, which is immensely accountable for global warming. The production of cleaner alternatives to diesel fuel will help to build a sustainable environment for future generations. The Special Issue contains papers from experts around the world addressing the mentioned issues and suggesting pathways to improve. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Green Technology Innovations United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Technology, Environment, and Aviation, 1993 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States United States. Congress. House, 2006 Some vols. include supplemental journals of such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House. |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Energy Research Abstracts , 1993 |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Aviation Fuels Bhupendra Khandelwal, 2021-07-20 Aviation Fuels provides up-to-date data on fuel effects on combustion performance and use of alternative fuels in aircraft. This book covers the latest advances on aviation fuel technologies, including alternative fuels, feedstocks and manufacturing processes, combustion performance, chemical modeling, fuel systems compatibility and the technical and environmental challenges for implementing the use of alternative fuels for aviation. Aviation fuel and combustion researchers, academics, and program managers for aviation technologies will value this comprehensive overview and summary on the present status of aviation fuels. - Presents an overview on all relevant fields of aviation fuels, including production, approval, fuel systems compatibility and combustion (including emissions) - Discusses the environmental impacts and carbon footprint of alternative fuels - Features a chapter on electric flight and hydrogen powered aircraft and how its implementation will impact the aviation industry |
| alternative fuel and low emission aviation technology program: Bibliography of Lewis Research Center Technical Publications Announced in 1977 Lewis Research Center, 1978 This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes over 780 technical reports resulting from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1977. All the publications were announced in the 1977 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Documents cited include research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses. |
ALTERNATIVE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ALTERNATIVE is offering or expressing a choice. How to use alternative in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Alternative.
ALTERNATIVE | English meaning - Cambridge Diction…
ALTERNATIVE definition: 1. An alternative plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to …
ALTERNATIVE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Alternative definition: a choice limited to one of two or more possibilities, as of things, propositions, or courses …
ALTERNATIVE definition and meaning | Collins English Di…
Alternative is used to describe something that is different from the usual things of its kind, or the usual ways of doing something, in modern Western society. For example, an …
Alternative - Wikipedia
Alternative (Kamen Rider), a character in the Japanese TV series Kamen Rider RyukiAlternative comics, or independent comics are an alternative to mainstream superhero comics; …
ALTERNATIVE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ALTERNATIVE is offering or expressing a choice. How to use alternative in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Alternative.
ALTERNATIVE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ALTERNATIVE definition: 1. An alternative plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one: 2…. Learn more.
ALTERNATIVE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Alternative definition: a choice limited to one of two or more possibilities, as of things, propositions, or courses of action, the selection of which precludes any other possibility.. See …
ALTERNATIVE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Alternative is used to describe something that is different from the usual things of its kind, or the usual ways of doing something, in modern Western society. For example, an alternative …
Alternative - Wikipedia
Alternative (Kamen Rider), a character in the Japanese TV series Kamen Rider RyukiAlternative comics, or independent comics are an alternative to mainstream superhero comics; Alternative …
Alternative - definition of alternative by The Free Dictionary
Define alternative. alternative synonyms, alternative pronunciation, alternative translation, English dictionary definition of alternative. n. 1. a. One of a number of possible choices or courses of …
alternative noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
alternative something that you can choose to have or do out of two or more possibilities: You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly: those are the two alternatives. option, choice or …
What does alternative mean? - Definitions.net
Alternative refers to one or more options or choices available as a substitute or replacement to the existing one. It generally denotes the possibility of choice between two or more things. In …
Alternative Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
ALTERNATIVE meaning: 1 : offering or expressing a choice; 2 : not usual or traditional often used to describe something that is more natural or that causes less pollution than the usual product, …
alternative - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
a choice among only two possibilities such that if one is chosen, the other cannot be chosen: Here are the alternatives: surrender or die. one of these choices: The alternative to riding is walking. …
