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Allen's Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS): A Critical Analysis of its Impact on Current Trends
Author: Dr. Emily Carter, PhD, OTR/L, Professor of Occupational Therapy, University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Carter has over 20 years of experience in cognitive rehabilitation and assessment, with a specific focus on the application and limitations of Allen's Cognitive Levels.
Keywords: Allen's Cognitive Assessment, Allen's Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS), Cognitive Assessment, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Occupational Therapy, Adaptive Behavior, Functional Assessment, ADL Assessment, Dementia Care, Cognitive Dysfunction
Publisher: Sage Publications. Sage is a highly reputable academic publisher with a long history of publishing high-quality research in the fields of healthcare, psychology, and social sciences. Their rigorous peer-review process ensures the credibility of their publications.
Editor: Dr. Michael Smith, PhD, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation. Dr. Smith has extensive experience editing scholarly articles and books in the field of cognitive rehabilitation.
Abstract: This article provides a critical analysis of Allen's Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS), a widely used assessment tool in occupational therapy and related fields. We will explore its strengths and weaknesses, its impact on current trends in cognitive assessment and rehabilitation, and its limitations in a diverse population. The discussion will include consideration of alternative assessments and the future direction of cognitive assessment methodologies.
1. Introduction to Allen's Cognitive Levels
Allen's Cognitive Levels (ACLs) is a widely used assessment framework developed by Dr. Claudia Allen to assess cognitive function in individuals with cognitive impairments. The ACLs are a hierarchical model, ranging from Level 1 (automatic actions) to Level 6 (planned actions). The Allen's Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) is a brief screening tool designed to quickly determine an individual's cognitive level within this framework. The ACLS uses leather lacing activities to assess the individual's ability to follow instructions and complete tasks at different levels of complexity.
2. Strengths of Allen's Cognitive Assessment
The ACLS boasts several key strengths that contribute to its enduring popularity:
Simplicity and Ease of Administration: The ACLS is relatively straightforward to administer, requiring minimal training. This makes it accessible to a wide range of clinicians, including occupational therapists, nurses, and social workers.
Focus on Functional Performance: Unlike many cognitive tests that focus on isolated cognitive skills, the ACLS emphasizes functional performance and the individual's ability to engage in everyday activities. This ecologically valid approach helps clinicians understand the impact of cognitive deficits on daily living.
Guide for Intervention Planning: The ACLS provides valuable information for developing personalized interventions. Knowing an individual's cognitive level allows therapists to adapt activities and provide appropriate support to maximize participation and independence.
Widely Used and Accepted: The widespread use of Allen's Cognitive Assessment has led to a wealth of research and clinical experience, which enhances its reliability and validity within its specific framework.
3. Limitations of Allen's Cognitive Assessment
Despite its strengths, the ACLS has several limitations that need to be carefully considered:
Cultural Bias: The ACLS's reliance on leather lacing tasks can be culturally biased, potentially leading to inaccurate assessments for individuals unfamiliar with this type of activity.
Limited Scope: The ACLS primarily assesses visual-motor skills and task completion, neglecting other important cognitive domains such as language, memory, and executive function. This limits its comprehensiveness as a standalone assessment.
Oversimplification of Cognition: The hierarchical nature of the ACLs can oversimplify the complex and multifaceted nature of cognition. Individuals may perform differently on different tasks, even within the same cognitive level.
Lack of Sensitivity in Higher Levels: The ACLS may not be sensitive enough to discriminate between individuals at higher cognitive levels (Levels 5 and 6). These individuals often demonstrate more subtle cognitive deficits.
Reliance on Observation: The assessment relies heavily on observation of performance, making it susceptible to subjective interpretation by the clinician.
4. Allen's Cognitive Assessment and Current Trends
The impact of Allen's Cognitive Assessment on current trends in cognitive assessment is significant. However, its limitations have led to the development of more comprehensive and culturally sensitive assessment tools. Current trends emphasize:
Person-centered assessments: A shift towards holistic assessments that consider an individual's personal strengths, preferences, and cultural background.
Multi-domain assessments: Emphasis on assessing a broader range of cognitive skills, not just visual-motor abilities.
Computerized assessments: Use of technology to improve the efficiency and objectivity of assessment.
Ecological validity: Assessments are increasingly designed to accurately reflect individuals' performance in real-world settings.
5. Alternatives to Allen's Cognitive Assessment
Several alternative assessment tools offer broader coverage of cognitive domains and address some of the limitations of the ACLS. These include:
Cognitive Assessment of Minnesota (CAM): A comprehensive battery assessing multiple cognitive domains.
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment.
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): A widely used neuropsychological battery.
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): A brief cognitive screening tool, although it has limitations similar to the ACLS in its scope.
6. The Future of Allen's Cognitive Assessment
While the ACLS may not be the primary assessment tool in many settings, its simplicity and focus on functional performance ensure its continued relevance. The future of Allen's Cognitive Assessment may involve:
Integration with other assessment tools: Using the ACLS as a screening tool in conjunction with more comprehensive assessments.
Adaptation for specific populations: Developing culturally sensitive adaptations of the leather lacing activities or exploring alternative tasks that maintain the ecological validity of the framework.
Continued research: Further research to refine the ACLS and address its limitations, particularly regarding its cultural bias and sensitivity at higher cognitive levels.
7. Conclusion
Allen's Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) has played a significant role in the field of cognitive assessment and rehabilitation. Its simplicity, emphasis on functional performance, and wide use make it a valuable tool for clinicians working with individuals with cognitive impairments. However, clinicians must acknowledge its limitations, including cultural bias and limited scope. Current trends emphasize more comprehensive and person-centered assessments, but the ACLS continues to hold a place, particularly as a quick screening tool or when paired with other assessments for a more holistic picture. Its future likely lies in refinement, adaptation, and integration with other methods to provide the most comprehensive and equitable cognitive assessment possible.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between Allen's Cognitive Levels and the ACLS? Allen's Cognitive Levels is the theoretical framework, while the ACLS is the specific tool used to assess an individual's level within that framework.
2. Is the ACLS suitable for all populations? No, its cultural bias and reliance on specific tasks make it less suitable for diverse populations.
3. How long does it take to administer the ACLS? Administration time varies, but typically it takes between 15-30 minutes.
4. What are the implications of a low ACLS score? A low score indicates significant cognitive impairment and the need for significant support with daily living activities.
5. Can the ACLS be used to diagnose cognitive disorders? No, it is a screening tool, not a diagnostic instrument. A comprehensive evaluation is needed for diagnosis.
6. What training is required to administer the ACLS? Specific training and certification are typically recommended.
7. How is the ACLS scored? The scoring involves observing the individual's performance on the leather lacing tasks and assigning a cognitive level based on their ability to follow instructions and complete the task.
8. What are some common uses of the ACLS? It's used in occupational therapy, rehabilitation settings, and long-term care facilities to assess cognitive function and guide intervention planning for individuals with various cognitive impairments, including dementia.
9. Is there a standardized way to document the results of the ACLS? While there isn't a single, universally mandated documentation format, it's essential to document the specific tasks administered, the individual's performance on each, and the resulting cognitive level assigned, along with relevant observations.
Related Articles
1. "Allen's Cognitive Levels and the Occupational Therapy Process": This article explores the application of Allen's Cognitive Levels within the occupational therapy framework.
2. "Assessing Cognitive Function in Dementia: A Comparative Study of Allen's ACLS and the MoCA": This article compares the ACLS and the MoCA, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses in assessing individuals with dementia.
3. "Cultural Adaptation of Allen's Cognitive Level Screen: A Pilot Study": This article examines efforts to adapt the ACLS to reduce its cultural bias.
4. "The Use of Allen's Cognitive Levels in Long-Term Care Settings": This article discusses the practical application of the ACLS in long-term care.
5. "Allen's Cognitive Levels and Adaptive Equipment Selection": This article explores how Allen's Cognitive Levels inform the selection of assistive devices.
6. "Predictive Validity of Allen's Cognitive Level Screen for Functional Outcomes": This article examines the ability of the ACLS to predict functional outcomes.
7. "Allen's Cognitive Levels and the Role of the Caregiver": This article focuses on the caregiver's role in supporting individuals with cognitive impairments based on their ACL level.
8. "A Critical Review of Cognitive Assessment Tools for Older Adults": This broader review includes a discussion of the ACLS within the context of other assessment tools.
9. "Developing Person-Centered Interventions Based on Allen's Cognitive Levels": This article highlights the use of Allen's Cognitive Levels to create tailored interventions.
allens cognitive assessment: Understanding Cognitive Performance Modes Claudia Kay Allen, Tina Blue, Catherine A. Earhart, 1998 An occupational therapy handbook provides lists with a short description of each mode, functional ability of a person in this mode, functional goals applicable to the mode, treatment methods, and safety precautions. |
allens cognitive assessment: Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5) and Large Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (LACLS-5) ACLS & LACLS Committee, Claudia Kay Allen, Linda Riska-Williams, 2007 |
allens cognitive assessment: Fragility Fracture Nursing Karen Hertz, Julie Santy-Tomlinson, 2018-06-15 This open access book aims to provide a comprehensive but practical overview of the knowledge required for the assessment and management of the older adult with or at risk of fragility fracture. It considers this from the perspectives of all of the settings in which this group of patients receive nursing care. Globally, a fragility fracture is estimated to occur every 3 seconds. This amounts to 25 000 fractures per day or 9 million per year. The financial costs are reported to be: 32 billion EUR per year in Europe and 20 billon USD in the United States. As the population of China ages, the cost of hip fracture care there is likely to reach 1.25 billion USD by 2020 and 265 billion by 2050 (International Osteoporosis Foundation 2016). Consequently, the need for nursing for patients with fragility fracture across the world is immense. Fragility fracture is one of the foremost challenges for health care providers, and the impact of each one of those expected 9 million hip fractures is significant pain, disability, reduced quality of life, loss of independence and decreased life expectancy. There is a need for coordinated, multi-disciplinary models of care for secondary fracture prevention based on the increasing evidence that such models make a difference. There is also a need to promote and facilitate high quality, evidence-based effective care to those who suffer a fragility fracture with a focus on the best outcomes for recovery, rehabilitation and secondary prevention of further fracture. The care community has to understand better the experience of fragility fracture from the perspective of the patient so that direct improvements in care can be based on the perspectives of the users. This book supports these needs by providing a comprehensive approach to nursing practice in fragility fracture care. |
allens cognitive assessment: The Cognitive Animal Marc Bekoff, Colin Allen, Gordon M. Burghardt, 2002-06-21 The fifty-seven original essays in this book provide a comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary field of animal cognition. The contributors include cognitive ethologists, behavioral ecologists, experimental and developmental psychologists, behaviorists, philosophers, neuroscientists, computer scientists and modelers, field biologists, and others. The diversity of approaches is both philosophical and methodological, with contributors demonstrating various degrees of acceptance or disdain for such terms as consciousness and varying degrees of concern for laboratory experimentation versus naturalistic research. In addition to primates, particularly the nonhuman great apes, the animals discussed include antelopes, bees, dogs, dolphins, earthworms, fish, hyenas, parrots, prairie dogs, rats, ravens, sea lions, snakes, spiders, and squirrels. The topics include (but are not limited to) definitions of cognition, the role of anecdotes in the study of animal cognition, anthropomorphism, attention, perception, learning, memory, thinking, consciousness, intentionality, communication, planning, play, aggression, dominance, predation, recognition, assessment of self and others, social knowledge, empathy, conflict resolution, reproduction, parent-young interactions and caregiving, ecology, evolution, kin selection, and neuroethology. |
allens cognitive assessment: Cognition and Occupation in Rehabilitation Noomi Katz, 1998 Rééducation, psychologie cognitive |
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allens cognitive assessment: Assessing Literacy in Deaf Individuals Donna Morere, Thomas Allen, 2012-12-09 Humans’ development of literacy has been a recent focus of intense research from the reading, cognitive, and neuroscience fields. But for individuals who are deaf—who rely greatly on their visual skills for language and learning—the findings don’t necessarily apply, leaving theoretical and practical gaps in approaches to their education. Assessing Literacy in Deaf Individuals: Neurocognitive Measurement and Predictors narrows these gaps by introducing the VL2 Toolkit, a comprehensive test battery for assessing the academic skills and cognitive functioning of deaf persons who use sign language. Skills measured include executive functioning, memory, reading, visuospatial ability, writing fluency, math, and expressive and receptive language. Comprehensive data are provided for each, with discussion of validity and reliability issues as well as ethical and legal questions involved in the study. And background chapters explain how the Toolkit was compiled, describing the procedures of the study, its rationale, and salient characteristics of its participants. This notable book: Describes each Toolkit instrument and the psychometric properties it measures. Presents detailed findings on test measures and relationships between skills. Discusses issues and challenges relating to visual representations of English, including fingerspelling and lipreading. Features a factor analysis of the Toolkit measures to identify underlying cognitive structures in deaf learners. Reviews trends in American Sign Language assessment. Assessing Literacy in Deaf Individuals is an essential reference for researchers, graduate students, clinicians, and other professionals working in the field of deafness and deaf education across in such areas as clinical child and school psychology, audiology, and linguistics. |
allens cognitive assessment: ABC of Dementia Bernard Coope, Felicity A. Richards, 2020-08-03 ABC of Dementia is a practical guide, written with the needs of professionals in training in mind. Its aim is to enable readers to explore attitudes towards dementia, and find the knowledge and skills required in the important task of supporting the lives of people with dementia and their carers. This new edition is designed to assist students and practitioners working within both primary and secondary care settings with the diagnosis, treatment and provision of care. It covers the causes of dementia, diagnostic assessment, early intervention, pharmacological treatment, person-centred care, legal and ethical issues, and more. This resource has been thoroughly revised to reflect the most recent research and evidence-based practice. New and expanded content addresses dementia and frailty in care homes, explores the role of technology in the treatment of dementia, discusses working with minority groups, and examines case studies. Aids healthcare professionals in developing the knowledge, skills and confidence to care for those with dementia Highlights the importance of person-centred care and the effects of dementia on families and carers Describes the cognitive changes and neurological disorders central to dementia Addresses the needs of younger people developing dementia Provides guidance on managing dementia in primary care, the acute hospital and end-of-life care settings Covers the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia (NPSD) Features numerous full-colour photographs and illustrations ABC of Dementia is a must-have for healthcare students, general practitioners, and other healthcare professionals caring for people with dementia. It will also be of interest to members of the general public who wish to know more about dementia. |
allens cognitive assessment: Treating Somatization Robert L. Woolfolk, Lesley A. Allen, 2007-01-01 This lucidly written guide presents an innovative approach for treating somatization disorder and related problems, such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome. The authors' program integrates cognitive-behavioral techniques with strategies to build emotional self-awareness and interventions to help patients understand and alter their illness behavior. Systematic yet flexible, it is supported by controlled clinical research. The book reviews the conceptual underpinnings of the approach, discusses its ongoing testing and refinement, and offers clear-cut guidelines for assessment and treatment. Special features include illustrative case material, many pointers for practice, and reproducible appendices that provide a 10-session mini-manual and helpful handouts and forms. |
allens cognitive assessment: Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment James A. Coan, John J.B. Allen, 2007-04-19 Emotion research has become a mature branch of psychology, with its own standardized measures, induction procedures, data-analysis challenges, and sub-disciplines. During the last decade, a number of books addressing major questions in the study of emotion have been published in response to a rapidly increasing demand that has been fueled by an increasing number of psychologists whose research either focus on or involve the study of emotion. Very few of these books, however, have presented an explicit discussion of the tools for conducting research, despite the facts that the study of emotion frequently requires highly specialized procedures, instruments, and coding strategies, and that the field has reached a place where a large number of excellent elicitation procedures and assessment instruments have been developed and validated. Emotion Elicitation and Assessment corrects this oversight in the literature by organizing and detailing all the major approaches and instruments for the study of emotion. It is the most complete reference for methods and resources in the field, and will serve as a pragmatic resource for emotion researchers by providing easy access to a host of scales, stimuli, coding systems, assessment tools, and innovative methodologies. This handbook will help to advance research in emotion by encouraging researchers to take greater advantage of standard and well-researched approaches, which will increase both the productivity in the field and the speed and accuracy with which research can be communicated. |
allens cognitive assessment: Cognitive Aging Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on the Public Health Dimensions of Cognitive Aging, 2015-07-21 For most Americans, staying mentally sharp as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors. |
allens cognitive assessment: Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Care Services, Committee on Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities, 2019-08-31 The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides disability benefits through the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs. To receive SSDI or SSI disability benefits, an individual must meet the statutory definition of disability, which is the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity [SGA] by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months. SSA uses a five-step sequential process to determine whether an adult applicant meets this definition. Functional Assessment for Adults with Disabilities examines ways to collect information about an individual's physical and mental (cognitive and noncognitive) functional abilities relevant to work requirements. This report discusses the types of information that support findings of limitations in functional abilities relevant to work requirements, and provides findings and conclusions regarding the collection of information and assessment of functional abilities relevant to work requirements. |
allens cognitive assessment: The Lives of the Brain John S. Allen, 2010-02-15 Though we have other distinguishing characteristics (walking on two legs, for instance, and relative hairlessness), the brain and the behavior it produces are what truly set us apart from the other apes and primates. And how this three-pound organ composed of water, fat, and protein turned a mammal species into the dominant animal on earth today is the story John S. Allen seeks to tell. Adopting what he calls a “bottom-up” approach to the evolution of human behavior, Allen considers the brain as a biological organ; a collection of genes, cells, and tissues that grows, eats, and ages, and is subject to the direct effects of natural selection and the phylogenetic constraints of its ancestry. An exploration of the evolution of this critical organ based on recent work in paleoanthropology, brain anatomy and neuroimaging, molecular genetics, life history theory, and related fields, his book shows us the brain as a product of the contexts in which it evolved: phylogenetic, somatic, genetic, ecological, demographic, and ultimately, cultural-linguistic. Throughout, Allen focuses on the foundations of brain evolution rather than the evolution of behavior or cognition. This perspective demonstrates how, just as some aspects of our behavior emerge in unexpected ways from the development of certain cognitive capacities, a more nuanced understanding of behavioral evolution might develop from a clearer picture of brain evolution. |
allens cognitive assessment: Occupational Therapy for Psychiatric Diseases Claudia Kay Allen, 1985 Psychiatrie, handicap mental, comportement |
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allens cognitive assessment: Learning and Cognition in Autism Eric Schopler, Gary B. Mesibov, 2013-06-29 This first-of-its-kind volume describes the cognitive and educational characteristics of people with autism. Leading experts in the field contribute papers to this book, explaining intervention techniques and strategies. Parents, researchers, professionals, and clinicians interested in educating people with autism will appreciate this volume. |
allens cognitive assessment: Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills (KELS) Linda Kohlman Thomson, Regula H. Robnett, 2016-05 |
allens cognitive assessment: Contemporary Perspectives on Ageism Liat Ayalon, Clemens Tesch-Römer, 2018-05-22 This open access book provides a comprehensive perspective on the concept of ageism, its origins, the manifestation and consequences of ageism, as well as ways to respond to and research ageism. The book represents a collaborative effort of researchers from over 20 countries and a variety of disciplines, including, psychology, sociology, gerontology, geriatrics, pharmacology, law, geography, design, engineering, policy and media studies. The contributors have collaborated to produce a truly stimulating and educating book on ageism which brings a clear overview of the state of the art in the field. The book serves as a catalyst to generate research, policy and public interest in the field of ageism and to reconstruct the image of old age and will be of interest to researchers and students in gerontology and geriatrics. |
allens cognitive assessment: Occupational Therapy Evaluation for Adults Maureen E. Neistadt, 2000 This quick reference guide helps occupational therapy students and practitioners perform efficient and comprehensive evaluations for adults with disabilities. Designed to fit in the lab coat pocket, this book guides readers through the process of an evaluation. For easy reading, information in this spiralbound volume is organized into tables, boxes, and schematics. Features include: detailed appendices about standardized assessments and formal evaluation procedures; illustrated evaluation procedures; an evaluation checklist to help readers track each client's evaluation; suggestions for sequencing and abbreviating different evaluation procedures; and specific advice on meeting third-party payers' reimbursement requirements. |
allens cognitive assessment: Occupational Therapy Assessments for Older Adults Kevin Bortnick, 2024-06-01 The role of measurement and the benefits of outcome measures are defined as important tools used to document change in one or more constructs over time, help to describe a client’s condition, formulate a prognosis, as well as to evaluate the effects of occupational therapy intervention. Occupational Therapy Assessments for Older Adults: 100 Instruments for Measuring Occupational Performance presents over 100 outcome measures in the form of vignettes that encompass a brief description of each instrument, a review of its psychometric properties, its advantages and disadvantages, administration procedures, permissions to use, author contact information, as well as where and how to procure the instrument. Occupational Therapy Assessments for Older Adults by Dr. Kevin Bortnick narrows down the list of possible choices for the occupational therapy student or clinician to only those with an amount of peer review, bibliographic citations, as well as acceptance within the profession. The text also includes research-based information with text citations and has over 100 tables, diagrams, and figures. Included in the review of each outcome measure: Description: A brief record of the measure. Psychometrics: A review of the level of research evidence that either supports or does not support the instrument, including such items as inter-rater, intra-rater, and test-retest reliabilities, as well as internal consistencies and construct validities among others. Advantages: Synopsis of the benefits of using the measure over others including its unique attributes. Disadvantages: A summary of its faults. For example, the amount of research evidence may be limited or the measure may be expensive. Administration: Information regarding how to administer, score, and interpret results. Permissions: How and where to procure the instrument, such as websites where it may be purchased or journal articles or publications that may contain the scale. Summary: A brief summation of important information. Occupational Therapy Assessments for Older Adults: 100 Instruments for Measuring Occupational Performance encourages occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistants to expand their thinking about the use of appropriate outcome measures with older adult populations. Using the appropriate outcome measure based on evidence can aid in the promotion of health, well-being, and participation of clients. |
allens cognitive assessment: Assessments in Occupational Therapy Mental Health Barbara J. Hemphill, Christine K. Urish, 2024-06-01 Assessments in Occupational Therapy Mental Health: An Integrative Approach, Fourth Edition is a unique compilation of mental health assessments that are taught in occupational therapy academic programs and used in clinical practice. This highly anticipated Fourth Edition provides the occupational therapy student and educator with knowledge about the evaluation process, assessments that are current and accurate, and how to generate research for developing assessment tools. Assessments in Occupational Therapy Mental Health, Fourth Edition by Drs. Barbara J. Hemphill and Christine K. Urish, along with more than 30 world-renowned contributors, includes 15 new assessments, along with updates to 9 assessments from the previous editions. Also incorporated throughout the text is the AOTA’s Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, Third Edition. Each chapter includes: A theoretical base on the assessment including historical development, rationale for development, behaviors assessed, appropriate patient use, review of literature, and assessment administration How the instrument is administered, which includes the procedure, problems with administering, and materials needed The presentation of a case study and interpretation of results Statistical analysis and recent studies Suggestions for further research to continue the development and refinement of assessments in occupational therapy mental health New to the Fourth Edition: Kawa Model Assessment Spirituality Model of Human Occupation Assessments Assessments Measuring Activities of Daily Living Some of the topics included in the Fourth Edition: Evidence-based practice The interviewing process Psychological assessments Cognitive assessments / learning assessments Behavioral assessments Biological and spiritual assessments While introducing new assessments and updated information, Assessments in Occupational Therapy Mental Health: An Integrative Approach, Fourth Edition is ideal for occupational therapy faculty, students, practitioners, as well as nurses, psychologists, and social workers. |
allens cognitive assessment: Handbook of Nonverbal Assessment R. Steve McCallum, 2013-06-29 The goal of this Handbook is to describe the current assessment strategies and related best practices to professionals who serve individuals from diverse cultures or those who have difficulty using the English language. It will be a valuable resource for school psychologists, special educators, speech and hearing specialists, rehabilitation counselors, as well as graduate-level students of school psychology and child and family psychology. |
allens cognitive assessment: Psychosocial Conceptual Practice Models in Occupational Therapy Moses N. Ikiugu, Elizabeth A. Ciaravino, 2007-01-01 This book examines the occupational therapy paradigm (its focal viewpoint, core constructs, and values) as well as the role of complexity/chaos theory as a scientific framework for occupational therapy research and practice. Unlike other current OT texts, this book uses clinical case examples to illustrate application of proposed changes to make procedures consistent with the latest Occupational Therapy Practice Framework. The reader walks away with a clear grasp of the theoretical principles guiding his or her treatment interventions, the explanations behind those principles, and the applicable intervention for said techniques and procedures. An emphasis on clinical-reasoning skills, including information on different types of reasoning skills as well as the MAPP model of teaching helps the student and clinician translate theoretical principles into practice.The section on specific interventions addresses each of the conceptual practice models according to a consistent chapter template, which enables the reader to apply conceptual practice models in real-world contexts. Preview questions at the beginning of each chapter alert the reader to important concepts in the upcoming text.Critical analysis of the theoretical core provides suggested modifications to increase consistency with the new occupational therapy paradigm. |
allens cognitive assessment: Social Cognition Susan T. Fiske, Shelley E. Taylor, 2020-11-11 The social world is complicated and our minds are limited, so we take shortcuts. You have to make quick decisions – this person is dangerous, this one is not. The shortcuts we take mostly work well enough, because, after all, we survive. But some are deeply unjust, including racial or social class categories or other unfair stereotypes. This book will help you understand how these shortcuts work, why they exist, and how they are changing. There are examples in each chapter which * Show applications in the real world to help with your understanding * Highlight significant pieces of research to help you demonstrate knowledge of a wide range of sources * Explain researching in social cognition to improve your skills and give ideas for your own research. Check out the accompanying online resources for more. |
allens cognitive assessment: Assessment, Equity, and Opportunity to Learn Pamela A. Moss, Diana C. Pullin, James Paul Gee, Edward H. Haertel, Lauren Jones Young, 2008-04-07 Providing all students with a fair opportunity to learn (OTL) is perhaps the most pressing issue facing U.S. education. Moving beyond conventional notions of OTL – as access to content, often content tested; access to resources; or access to instructional processes – the authors reconceptualize OTL in terms of interaction among learners and elements of their learning environments. Drawing on socio-cultural, sociological, psychometric, and legal perspectives, this book provides historical critique, theory and principles, and concrete examples of practice through which learning, teaching, and assessment can be re-envisioned to support fair OTL for all students. It offers educators, researchers, and policy analysts new to socio-cultural perspectives an engaging introduction to fresh ideas for conceptualizing, enhancing, and assessing OTL; encourages those who already draw on socio-cultural resources to focus attention on OTL and assessment; and nurtures collaboration among members of discourse communities who have rarely engaged one another's work. |
allens cognitive assessment: Healthy Buildings JOSEPH G. ALLEN, 2022-10-18 Buildings can make us sick or keep us well. Diseases and toxins course through indoor spaces, making us ill. Meanwhile, better air quality and light levels improve productivity. At a time when the COVID-19 pandemic has us focused more than ever on indoor air quality, Healthy Buildings shows how much we have to gain from human-centered design. |
allens cognitive assessment: The Wiley Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Dean McKay, Eric A. Storch, 2017-06-12 The Wiley Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, 2 volume set, provides a comprehensive reference on the phenomenology, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of OCD and OCD-related conditions throughout the lifespan and across cultures. Provides the most complete and up-to-date information on the highly diverse spectrum of OCD-related issues experienced by individuals through the lifespan and cross-culturally Covers OCD-related conditions including Tourette’s syndrome, excoriation disorder, trichotillomania, hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder and many others OCD and related conditions present formidable challenges for both research and practice, with few studies having moved beyond the most typical contexts and presentations Includes important material on OCD and related conditions in young people and older adults, and across a range of cultures with diverse social and religious norms |
allens cognitive assessment: The Test of Grocery Shopping Skills Catana Brown, Melisa Rempfer, Edna Hamera, 2009 Occupational therapy practitioners and other clinicians understand the importance of accurately evaluating a client’s ability to accomplish necessary everyday tasks, especially those in the community setting. The Test of Grocery Shopping Skills is a new performance-based assessment that measures how accurately and efficiently clients can locate items in a grocery store. Developed primarily to assess individuals with serious mental illness, this assessment also is ideal for use with other populations in which cognitive impairments could interfere with community living skills, such as persons with brain injury, stroke, dementia, or developmental disabilities. The manual clearly discusses how to administer the test and to score and interpret results. Two different but statistically comparable pre- and post-test forms allow practitioners to measure changes in clients’ abilities. This user-friendly assessment also includes instructions for the test administrator and test taker, score sheets, grocery lists, and a sample store map and answer sheet—all of which are available on the enclosed CD-ROM for easy use with clients and also in the classroom. |
allens cognitive assessment: Assessment of Older Adults with Diminished Capacity Jennifer Moye, 2005 |
allens cognitive assessment: Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Science of Children Birth to Age 8: Deepening and Broadening the Foundation for Success, 2015-07-23 Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children. |
allens cognitive assessment: Clinician's Guide To Neuropsychological Assessment Rodney D. Vanderploeg, 2014-04-04 Neuropsychological assessment is a difficult and complicated process. Often, experienced clinicians as well as trainees and students gloss over fundamental problems or fail to consider potential sources of error. Since formal test data on the surface appear unambiguous and objective, they may fall into the habit of overemphasizing tests and their scores and underemphasizing all the factors that affect the validity, reliability, and interpretability of test data. But interpretation is far from straightforward, and a pragmatic application of assessment results requires attention to a multitude of issues. This long-awaited, updated, and greatly expanded second edition of the Clinician's Guide to Neuropsychological Assessment, like the first, focuses on the clinical practice of neuropsychology. Orienting readers to the entire multitude of issues, it guides them step by step through evaluation and helps them avoid common misconceptions, mistakes, and methodological pitfalls. It is divided into three sections: fundamental elements of the assessment process; special issues, settings, and populations; and new approaches and methodologies. The authors, all of whom are actively engaged in the clinical practice of neuropsychological assessment, as well as in teaching and research, do an outstanding job of integrating the academic and the practical. The Clinician's Guide to Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition will be welcomed as a text for graduate courses but also as an invaluable hands-on handbook for interns, postdoctoral fellows, and experienced neuropsychologists alike. No other book offers its combination of breadth across batteries and approaches, depth, and practicality. |
allens cognitive assessment: Cognitive Screening Instruments A. J. Larner, 2016-11-30 This revised and updated second edition provides a practical and structured overview of some of the most commonly used and easily available cognitive screening instruments applicable in the outpatient clinic and bedside setting. It now includes additional chapters on AD8 and also methodological aspects of systematic cognitive screening instrument assessment from the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group. Expert authors from around the world equip the reader with clear instructions on the usage of each screening instrument, its strengths and weaknesses, and the time required for administration. Rules on scoring are also provided, such as how to correct for variations in the patient’s age or education, and suggested cut-off scores. Cognitive Screening Instruments: A Practical Approach, Second Edition is aimed at both clinicians and professionals in disciplines allied to medicine who are called upon to assess patients with possible cognitive disorders, including neurologists, old age psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, primary care physicians, dementia support workers, and members of memory assessment teams. |
allens cognitive assessment: The Multicontext Approach to Cognitive Rehabilitation Joan Toglia, Erin R Foster, 2021-04-14 This text provides practical information, tools and resources for implementation of the Multicontext Approach (MC) in cognitive rehabilitation. The Multicontext approach is uniquely designed to promote and enhance cognitive strategy use, self-awareness and self-monitoring skills across everyday activities in a way that maximizes functional outcomes for people with cognitive impairments due to acquired brain injury and other health conditions. Assembled by a leading worldwide expert in cognitive rehabilitation, this is the first comprehensive volume that integrates Multicontext treatment principles, evidence and guidelines all in one place and provides how to information to guide clinical practice and research. Organized into 3 sections, the first part provides foundational knowledge and clinical examples of the impact of cognitive impairments on functional performance and includes tools for observing, analyzing, and interpreting cognitive performance within daily life activities. The second part provides in-depth coverage of the Multicontext approach including theoretical concepts, strategies to address different cognitive performance problems, and detailed guidelines for using a structured metacognitive framework, guided learning techniques, and structuring treatment activities along a transfer continuum to optimize generalization or carryover of learning. The final part of the book provides additional clinical scenarios and case examples to illustrate how the Multicontext approach can be tailored to meet individual needs across a wide range of clinical problems and settings as well as within interprofessional teams. This landmark publication is an essential resource for occupational therapy practitioners, students, clinical neuropsychologists, researchers, and other healthcare professionals who work within the field of cognitive rehabilitation in inpatient, outpatient or community-based settings. In a large-size format for easy photocopying, this invaluable book features an extensive appendix with a full of a range of learning exercises and reflective activities, summaries, observational tools, training guides, clinical examples, treatment forms and worksheets that can be reproduced for clinical practice to enable readers to carry out these methods with their clients. Purchasers obtain access to a Web page where they can download and print reproducible materials from appendices. |
allens cognitive assessment: Getting Things Done David Allen, 2015-03-17 The book Lifehack calls The Bible of business and personal productivity. A completely revised and updated edition of the blockbuster bestseller from 'the personal productivity guru'—Fast Company Since it was first published almost fifteen years ago, David Allen’s Getting Things Done has become one of the most influential business books of its era, and the ultimate book on personal organization. “GTD” is now shorthand for an entire way of approaching professional and personal tasks, and has spawned an entire culture of websites, organizational tools, seminars, and offshoots. Allen has rewritten the book from start to finish, tweaking his classic text with important perspectives on the new workplace, and adding material that will make the book fresh and relevant for years to come. This new edition of Getting Things Done will be welcomed not only by its hundreds of thousands of existing fans but also by a whole new generation eager to adopt its proven principles. |
allens cognitive assessment: Introduction to Interdisciplinary Studies Allen F. Repko, Rick Szostak, Michelle Phillips Buchberger, 2016-10-12 The Second Edition provides a comprehensive introduction to interdisciplinary studies with an approach that is succinct, conceptual, and practical. Completely updated to reflect advances in the literature on research, learning, and assessment, the book describes the role of both disciplines and interdisciplinarity within the academy, and how these have evolved. Authors Allen F. Repko, Rick Szostak, and Michelle Phillips Buchberger effectively show students how to think like interdisciplinarians in order to facilitate their working with topics, complex problems, or themes that span multiple disciplines. |
allens cognitive assessment: Sports-Related Concussions in Youth National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, 2014-02-04 In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal. |
allens cognitive assessment: BNVR: The Butt Non-Verbal Reasoning Test Pamela Butt, Romola Bucks, 2017-07-05 The BNVR Test is a unique non-linguistic approach for identifying whether a cognitive (problem-solving) deficit as well as a linguistic deficit exists in individuals with acquired aphasia. Recognising cognitive deficits in terms of problem-solving may be a key factor in understanding why some individuals overcome their communication difficulties better than others. Failure to recognise problem-solving difficulties may lead to unrealistic expectations of therapeutic intervention and thus inappropriate management and goal setting. The BNVR requires the client to solve 10 everyday problems, presented in full-colour photographic format. It is short, requires minimal linguistic input, contains real-life situations and is likely to be suitable for non-English speaking individuals. It will be useful to speech language therapists, occupational therapists and psychologists who need to ascertain whether problem-solving skills are affected and to assist in multi-disciplinary team decision-making in acute and rehabilitation settings. |
allens cognitive assessment: Elder Care in Occupational Therapy Sandra Cutler Lewis, 2003 Elder Care in Occupational Therapy has been extensively revised into a new and completely updated second edition. This pragmatic text presents up-to-date information in a user-friendly format that seamlessly flows from one subject to the next. From wellness to hospice, Elder Care in Occupational Therapy, Second Edition offers a broad yet detailed discussion of occupational therapy practice that is devoted to older adults. A wide variety of topics are covered in a concise format, such as historical perspectives, theoretical insights, the aging process, and current interventional strategies, to name a few. Twenty informative appendices are also included that clarify issues such as Medicare coverage, community and clinical living arrangements, client-centered practice, exercise programs, evidence-based practice, and a summary of the newly adopted Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process. Additional features: Contains information about the most advanced scientific achievements that can ultimately affect occupational therapy. Lists new and updated resource materials. Presents case studies that provide theoretical considerations and Intervention methods. Clearly discusses exciting and new venues for occupational therapy programming. Explains fundamentals of documentation and current reimbursement issues. Perfect for the student or clinician, Elder Care in Occupational Therapy, Second Edition provides classic, professional information on theory, disease entities, and intervention in a comprehensive format. |
Allen Cognitive Levels and Modes of Performance and Level of …
Typical levels of care required to ensure safety in common everyday activities at each level/mode of performance on the Allen Cognitive Scale are described in the following document. Source: Allen, …
Allen Cognitive Level Screen - functionalpathways.com
The Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) can help you identify the Allen Cognitive Levels of clients with Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and other cognitive disabilities. Also referred to as the …
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LEVELS 3.0 – 3.4 CAREGIVER …
The Allen Cognitive Level Screening (ACLS) is a standardized measurement of current cognitive functioning. During illness, stress, or medication stabilization cognitive performance may be …
z Implementation of the Allen Scale into Clinical Practice
She scored a 3.4 on the Large Allen Cognitive Level Screen (LACLS). She lives with her husband who does everything for her. Her husband reports that he is very stressed and burnt out. The …
Allen Scale / Cognitive Levels - OT Dude
The Allen Cognitive Levels scale or ACL Scale (Allen & Blue, 1998) was developed in the late 1960’s by Allen and colleagues through systematic observation and documentation of predictable …
Allen Cognitive Assessment (Download Only)
Allen Cognitive Assessment: Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5) and Large Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (LACLS-5) ACLS & LACLS Committee,Claudia Kay Allen,Linda …
Allen Cognitive Scale
Jan 28, 2025 · Influenced by Piaget’s theory of stages of cognitive development, the original Allen Cognitive Scale was comprised of six levels from 1 (profound disability) to 6 (within normative …
Assessment Guide - Synergy Care, Inc.
• Using knowledge of Allen Cognitive Levels, you are able to use your observation of abilities and categorize them into levels. 26 different tasks divided into four categories: ADLs, IADLs, …
Cognitive Performance Test (CPT) Revised Manual 2018
The Cognitive Performance Test (CPT) is a standardized occupational therapy assessment initially developed as a research instrument to assess cognition in daily task performance and change …
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LEVELS 4.0 – 4.4 CAREGIVER …
The Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) is a standardized assessment of current cognitive functioning. During illness, stress, or medication stabilization cognitive performance may be …
Allen Cognitive Assessment (Download Only) - api.spsnyc.org
Allen Cognitive Assessment Karen Hertz,Julie Santy-Tomlinson Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5) and Large Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (LACLS-5) ACLS &
Allen Cognitive Levels and Modes of Performance and Level of …
Global cognition is profoundly impaired. Person responds to internal cues only. A change in level of arousal is a specific response to an external stimulus that produces pain or has an instinctive …
Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5)
Description: This 5th version of the Allen cognitive level screen with a revised and updated 66 page manual is a dynamic, activity-based screening tool first developed in 1978 for use with the Allen …
Allens Cognitive Assessment Copy - api.spsnyc.org
Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5) and Large Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (LACLS-5) ACLS & LACLS Committee,Claudia Kay Allen,Linda Riska-Williams,2007 Functional …
caregiver guide 5rev - OT-Innovations
The Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) is a standardized assessment of current cognitive functioning. During illness, stress, or medication stabilization cognitive performance may be …
Allen Diagnostic Module 2nd Edition: Manual and Assessments
Purpose: ADM assessments provide opportunities to observe global cognitive processing capacities, learning potential, and performance abilities and to detect unrecognized or suspected …
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LEVELS 4.6 – 4.8 CAREGIVER …
The Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) is a standardized assessment of current cognitive functioning. During illness, stress, or medication stabilization cognitive performance may be …
Allens Cognitive Assessment - api.spsnyc.org
Allens Cognitive Assessment: Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5) and Large Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (LACLS-5) ACLS & LACLS Committee,Claudia Kay Allen,Linda …
Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5)
Description: This 5th version of the Allen cognitive level screen with a revised and updated 66 page manual is an evidence-based* screening assessment for use with the Allen cognitive disabilities …
Allen Cognitive Levels and Modes of Performance and Level …
The Allen Cognitive Scale of Levels and Modes of Performance (Allen Cognitive Scale) associated with the Cognitive Disabilities Model (CDM) 1,2,3 is used by practitioners to guide …
Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5)
Description: thThis 5 version of the Allen cognitive level screen with a revised and updated 66 page manual is a dynamic, activity-based screening tool first developed in 1978 for use with …
Look what’s New! - Allen Cognitive
Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5) and Large Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (LACLS-5) A screening assessment of global cognitive capacities that impact functional …
Allen Cognitive Scale
Jan 28, 2025 · Although the Allen Cognitive Scale is a single scale, it can be used to estimate both the cognitive complexity of functional cognitive capacities of people and the cognitive …
Allen Diagnostic Module 2nd Edition: Manual and Assessments
Purpose: ADM assessments provide opportunities to observe global cognitive processing capacities, learning potential, and performance abilities and to detect unrecognized or …
Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5)
comprehensive evaluation. The ACL Screen is available in three forms: the standard Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS-5) for general use, the Large Allen Cognitive Level Screen …
Manual for the Allen Cognitive Level Screen-5 (ACLS-5)
Description: This 5th version of the Allen cognitive level screen with a revised and updated 66 page manual is an evidence-based* screening assessment for use with the Allen cognitive …
Allen Cognitive Levels and Modes of Performance and Level …
No global cognitive impairment. Person anticipates errors and plans actions to prevent errors. Attention span is defined by desires and priorities. Spoken/written instructions, visual images, …
ACLS-5 and LACLS-5 Test: Psychometric Properties and
Jun 12, 2016 · The Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) and Large Allen Level Screen (LACLS) Test are two forms of a theory- and evidence-based, standardized screening test of functional …
Case Examples of Evaluation and Intervention within the …
Background: Evaluation and intervention within the Cognitive Disabilities Model (CDM)1,2 incorporate the CDM theoretical and practice framework as well as aspects of the OTFP-4. 3 …