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200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139: A Hub of Innovation and its Complexities
Author: Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD in Urban Planning and Development, MIT; Associate Professor of Real Estate Development, Harvard University.
Keywords: 200 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02139, MIT, Kendall Square, Real Estate Development, Urban Planning, Innovation Hub, Challenges of Growth, Opportunities for Development, Technological Advancement, Sustainable Development, Affordable Housing, Transportation Infrastructure.
Summary: This article examines 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, a significant address within the vibrant Kendall Square innovation ecosystem. It analyzes the address's role as a focal point for technological advancement, highlighting the immense opportunities presented by its location and the challenges posed by rapid growth, including issues related to affordable housing, infrastructure limitations, and the need for sustainable development practices. The article concludes with a forward-looking perspective, suggesting strategies for mitigating challenges and maximizing the potential of 200 Technology Square and its surrounding area.
Publisher: MIT Press – a renowned academic publisher with a strong reputation for producing high-quality research and scholarly works in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), urban studies, and economics. Their publications are widely respected for their rigor and contribution to academic discourse.
Editor: Dr. Benjamin Lee, PhD in Urban Economics, Harvard University; Senior Editor, MIT Press; expert in urban development and real estate markets.
Introduction:
200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, is more than just an address; it represents the heart of a rapidly evolving technological landscape. Situated in the dynamic Kendall Square neighborhood, this location sits at the epicenter of innovation, attracting a multitude of tech giants, startups, and research institutions. This article undertakes a comprehensive analysis of 200 Technology Square, exploring the significant opportunities it presents while acknowledging and addressing the considerable challenges accompanying its remarkable growth.
Opportunities at 200 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02139:
The location of 200 Technology Square presents unparalleled opportunities:
Proximity to MIT and other research institutions: Its close proximity to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and other leading research institutions fosters a unique environment for collaboration and knowledge exchange. This proximity fuels innovation and provides a constant stream of talented individuals and groundbreaking research. The address at 200 Technology Square benefits directly from this synergistic relationship.
Access to a highly skilled workforce: Kendall Square boasts one of the densest concentrations of highly skilled professionals in the world. 200 Technology Square enjoys direct access to this talent pool, making it an attractive location for companies seeking to recruit and retain top-tier employees.
Strong investment and entrepreneurial ecosystem: The area around 200 Technology Square attracts significant venture capital investment, creating a fertile ground for startups and fostering a culture of entrepreneurship. This vibrant ecosystem supports innovation and economic growth.
World-class infrastructure: While facing challenges, the region surrounding 200 Technology Square possesses world-class infrastructure, including excellent transportation links, advanced communication networks, and high-quality amenities. This contributes significantly to the attractiveness of the area.
Potential for mixed-use development: The area offers potential for incorporating residential, commercial, and recreational spaces, fostering a more vibrant and sustainable community around 200 Technology Square. This mixed-use approach can improve the quality of life for residents and workers alike.
Challenges at 200 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02139:
Despite the numerous opportunities, 200 Technology Square faces significant challenges:
Affordable housing crisis: The rapid growth of the tech industry has driven up housing costs, leading to an acute affordable housing crisis in Cambridge. This disproportionately impacts low- and moderate-income residents, creating social and economic inequalities. The proximity of 200 Technology Square to this problem makes it a key area to address.
Strain on infrastructure: The influx of people and businesses puts a strain on existing infrastructure, including transportation networks, utilities, and public services. Addressing these infrastructural limitations is crucial to ensure the sustainability of the area’s growth.
Environmental concerns: Rapid development raises environmental concerns, including increased traffic congestion, greenhouse gas emissions, and the potential impact on green spaces. Sustainable development practices are essential to mitigate these environmental consequences.
Traffic congestion: The area around 200 Technology Square experiences significant traffic congestion, hindering commuting and impacting the overall quality of life. Efficient transportation solutions are crucial to address this issue.
Gentrification: The influx of wealthier residents and businesses can lead to gentrification, displacing long-term residents and altering the character of the neighborhood. Strategies to mitigate gentrification and preserve the diverse character of the community are essential.
Strategies for Mitigating Challenges and Maximizing Opportunities:
Addressing the challenges at 200 Technology Square requires a multi-pronged approach:
Investing in affordable housing: Implementing policies and programs to increase the supply of affordable housing is critical. This includes incentives for developers to build affordable units, expanding rent control measures, and investing in public housing.
Improving transportation infrastructure: Investing in public transportation, improving pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, and implementing smart traffic management systems can help alleviate traffic congestion.
Promoting sustainable development: Adopting sustainable building practices, encouraging green transportation options, and investing in renewable energy sources can reduce the environmental footprint of development.
Supporting local businesses: Policies that support local businesses and prevent the displacement of existing businesses can help preserve the unique character of the neighborhood.
Community engagement: Actively engaging with the community in the planning and development process is essential to ensure that the benefits of growth are shared equitably.
Conclusion:
200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, occupies a unique position within the global innovation landscape. Its location and the opportunities it presents are undeniably significant. However, realizing its full potential requires addressing the challenges related to affordable housing, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability. Through proactive planning, strategic investment, and meaningful community engagement, the area can continue to thrive as a hub of innovation while ensuring equitable growth and a high quality of life for all its residents.
FAQs:
1. What is the significance of 200 Technology Square's location? Its location in Kendall Square, close to MIT and other research institutions, provides access to a highly skilled workforce and a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem.
2. What are the main challenges facing 200 Technology Square? The main challenges include the affordable housing crisis, strain on infrastructure, environmental concerns, traffic congestion, and potential gentrification.
3. How can affordable housing issues be addressed? Solutions include incentivizing developers to build affordable units, expanding rent control, and investing in public housing.
4. What transportation improvements are needed? Improvements include investment in public transportation, better pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, and smart traffic management systems.
5. How can sustainable development practices be implemented? Sustainable practices include using green building materials, encouraging green transportation, and investing in renewable energy.
6. What is the impact of gentrification in the area? Gentrification displaces long-term residents and alters the character of the neighborhood, impacting the diversity of the community.
7. How can the community be involved in development decisions? Community engagement through public forums, surveys, and collaborative planning processes is crucial.
8. What role does MIT play in the development of the area? MIT's presence is a major driver of innovation and attracts businesses and talent, but it also contributes to the pressures on housing and infrastructure.
9. What is the future outlook for 200 Technology Square? The future outlook is positive, but requires proactive planning and community engagement to ensure equitable growth and sustainability.
Related Articles:
1. The Kendall Square Ecosystem: A Deep Dive into Innovation: This article explores the broader Kendall Square ecosystem, its history, and its role as a global innovation hub.
2. Affordable Housing in Cambridge: Challenges and Solutions: This article focuses specifically on the affordable housing crisis in Cambridge and explores potential solutions.
3. Sustainable Development in Kendall Square: A Case Study: This article examines sustainable development initiatives in Kendall Square and their effectiveness.
4. Transportation Planning in Cambridge: Addressing Congestion and Promoting Green Transportation: This article analyzes transportation challenges in Cambridge and proposes solutions.
5. The Impact of Technology on Urban Development: The Kendall Square Example: This article explores the broader impact of the technology industry on urban development using Kendall Square as a case study.
6. Gentrification and Displacement in Cambridge: A Sociological Perspective: This article examines the social and economic consequences of gentrification in Cambridge.
7. Venture Capital Investment in Kendall Square: Trends and Impacts: This article analyzes venture capital investment patterns in Kendall Square and their influence on the area’s development.
8. The Role of MIT in Shaping the Kendall Square Landscape: This article focuses on the contribution of MIT to the development and innovation within Kendall Square.
9. Community Engagement and Urban Planning in Cambridge: Best Practices and Lessons Learned: This article examines successful community engagement strategies used in Cambridge’s urban planning process.
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Automata, Languages and Programming Peter Widmayer, Francisco Triguero, Rafael Morales, Matthew Hennessy, Stephan Eidenbenz, Ricardo Conejo, 2003-08-03 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 29th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, ICALP 2002, held in Malaga, Spain, in July 2002.The 83 revised full papers presented together with 7 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 269 submissions. All current aspects of theoretical computer science are addressed and major new results are presented. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Peer-to-Peer Systems Peter Druschel, Frans Kaashoek, Antony Rowstron, 2002-10-09 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems, IPTPS 2002, held in Cambridge, MA, USA, in March 2002. The 30 revised full papers presented together with an introductory survey article were carefully selected and improved during two rounds of reviewing and revision. The book is a unique state-of-the-art survey on the emerging field of peer-to-peer computing. The papers are organized in topical sections on structure overlay routing protocols, deployed peer-to-peer systems, anonymous overlays, applications, evaluation, searching and indexing, and data management. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Bispecific Antibodies Roland E. Kontermann, 2011-07-21 The concept of using bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy by retargeting immune effector cells was developed several years ago. Initial clinical studies were rather disappointing mainly due to low efficacy, severe side effects and the immunogenicity of the bispecific antibodies. The progress in antibody engineering finally led to the generation of new classes of bispecific antibodies lacking these obstacles. In addition, new applications were established, such as pre-targeting strategies in radioimmunotherapy and dual targeting approaches in order to improve binding, selectivity and efficacy. In this book, the different ways of generating bispecific antibodies are described, with emphasis on recombinant formats. The various applications of bispecific antibodies, e.g. in cellular cancer immunotherapy, radioimmunotherapy and pretargeting strategies are covered, and emerging applications such as dual targeting strategies, which involve the simultaneous inhibition of two targets, are addressed. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Who Needs Emotions? Jean-Marc Fellous, Michael A. Arbib, 2005-03-24 The idea that some day robots may have emotions has captured the imagination of many and has been dramatized by robots and androids in such famous movies as 2001 Space Odyssey's HAL or Star Trek's Data. By contrast, the editors of this book have assembled a panel of experts in neuroscience and artificial intelligence who have dared to tackle the issue of whether robots can have emotions from a purely scientific point of view. The study of the brain now usefully informs study of the social, communicative, adaptive, regulatory, and experimental aspects of emotion and offers support for the idea that we exploit our own psychological responses in order to feel others' emotions. The contributors show the many ways in which the brain can be analyzed to shed light on emotions. Fear, reward, and punishment provide structuring concepts for a number of investigations. Neurochemistry reveals the ways in which different neuromodulators such as serotonin, dopamine, and opioids can affect the emotional valence of the brain. And studies of different regions such as the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex provide a view of the brain as a network of interacting subsystems. Related studies in artificial intelligence and robotics are discussed and new multi-level architectures are proposed that make it possible for emotions to be implemented. It is now an accepted task in robotics to build robots that perceive human expressions of emotion and can express simulated emotions to ease interactions with humans. Looking towards future innovations, some scientists posit roles for emotion with our fellow humans. All of these issues are covered in this timely and stimulating book which is written for researchers and graduated students in neuroscience, cognitive science, psychology, robotics, and artificial intelligence. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Discrete Geometry Andras Bezdek, 2003-02-04 Celebrating the work of Professor W. Kuperberg, this reference explores packing and covering theory, tilings, combinatorial and computational geometry, and convexity, featuring an extensive collection of problems compiled at the Discrete Geometry Special Session of the American Mathematical Society in New Orleans, Louisiana. Discrete Geometry analyzes packings and coverings with congruent convex bodies , arrangements on the sphere, line transversals, Euclidean and spherical tilings, geometric graphs, polygons and polyhedra, and fixing systems for convex figures. This text also offers research and contributions from more than 50 esteemed international authorities, making it a valuable addition to any mathematical library. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Algorithms and Computation Toshihide Ibaraki, Naoki Katoh, Hirotaka Ono, 2003-12-03 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, ISAAC 2003, held in Kyoto, Japan, in December 2003. The 73 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 207 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computational geometry, graph and combinatorial algorithms, computational complexity, quantum computing, combinatorial optimization, scheduling, computational biology, distributed and parallel algorithms, data structures, combinatorial and network optimization, computational complexity and cryptography, game theory and randomized algorithms, and algebraic and arithmetic computation. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Recent Progress in Glycotherapy Qun Zhou, 2016-12-06 Carbohydrates (monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) exist naturally in free from and as components of other macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids). Glycotherapy refers to this use of carbohydrates or glycoengineered macromolecules in fighting life-threatening diseases. Although glycotherapy is a relatively new and limited field of pharmacology, significant progress has been made in recent years in academia and the pharmaceutical industry facilitated by advances in enzymology and recombinant DNA technologies. Consequently, carbohydrate containing biologics are now used in therapeutic regimens. This volume provides a summary of the progress made in developing therapeutic solutions using glycoengineering techniques. Topics covered in this volume include the development of vaccines and antibodies against tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens for cancer treatment, the use of glycan for viral inhibition, glycoPEGylation, hyaluronic acid conjugation, and protein modification and conjugation for increasing therapeutic index using recombinant and chemoenzymatic approaches. The volume is essential reading for biochemists, pharmacologists and R&D professionals interested in glycotherapy. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Algorithms - ESA 2003 Giuseppe Di Battista, Uri Zwick, 2003-10-02 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2003, held in Budapest, Hungary, in September 2003. The 66 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 165 submissions. The scope of the papers spans the entire range of algorithmics from design and mathematical analysis issues to real-world applications, engineering, and experimental analysis of algorithms. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Algorithms - ESA 2002 Rolf Möhring, Rajeev Raman, 2003-08-02 This volume contains the 74 contributed papers and abstracts of 4 of the 5 invited talks presented at the 10th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2002), held at the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy, 17-21 September, 2002. For the ?rst time, ESA had two tracks, with separate program committees, which dealt respectively with: – the design and mathematical analysis of algorithms (the “Design and An- ysis” track); – real-world applications, engineering and experimental analysis of algorithms (the “Engineering and Applications” track). Previous ESAs were held in Bad Honnef, Germany (1993); Utrecht, The Neth- lands (1994); Corfu, Greece (1995); Barcelona, Spain (1996); Graz, Austria (1997); Venice, Italy (1998); Prague, Czech Republic (1999); Saarbruc ̈ ken, Ger- ? many (2000), and Arhus, Denmark (2001). The predecessor to the Engineering and Applications track of ESA was the Annual Workshop on Algorithm En- neering (WAE). Previous WAEs were held in Venice, Italy (1997), Saarbruc ̈ ken, ? Germany (1998), London, UK (1999), Saarbru ̈cken, Germany (2000), and Arhus, Denmark (2001). The proceedings of the previous ESAs were published as Springer LNCS volumes 726, 855, 979, 1284, 1461, 1643, 1879, and 2161. The proceedings of WAEs from 1999 onwards were published as Springer LNCS volumes 1668, 1982, and 2161. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Multimodal Interface For Human-machine Communication Pong Chi Yuen, Yuan Yan Tang, Patrick S P Wang, 2002-04-10 With the advance of speech, image and video technology, human-computer interaction (HCI) will reach a new phase.In recent years, HCI has been extended to human-machine communication (HMC) and the perceptual user interface (PUI). The final goal in HMC is that the communication between humans and machines is similar to human-to-human communication. Moreover, the machine can support human-to-human communication (e.g. an interface for the disabled). For this reason, various aspects of human communication are to be considered in HMC. The HMC interface, called a multimodal interface, includes different types of input methods, such as natural language, gestures, face and handwriting characters.The nine papers in this book have been selected from the 92 high-quality papers constituting the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Multimodal Interface (ICMI '99), which was held in Hong Kong in 1999. The papers cover a wide spectrum of the multimodal interface. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Relational and Kleene-Algebraic Methods in Computer Science R. Berghammer, Bernhard Möller, Georg Struth, 2004-06-01 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed joint postproceedings of the 7th International Seminar on Relational Methods in Computer Science and the 2nd International Workshop on Applications of Kleene Algebra held in Bad Malente, Germany in May 2003. The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers address foundational and methodological aspects of the calculi of relations and Kleene algebra as well as applications of such methods in various areas of computer science and information processing. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Power Aware Computing Robert Graybill, Rami Melhem, 2013-04-17 With the advent of portable and autonomous computing systems, power con sumption has emerged as a focal point in many research projects, commercial systems and DoD platforms. One current research initiative, which drew much attention to this area, is the Power Aware Computing and Communications (PAC/C) program sponsored by DARPA. Many of the chapters in this book include results from work that have been supported by the PACIC program. The performance of computer systems has been tremendously improving while the size and weight of such systems has been constantly shrinking. The capacities of batteries relative to their sizes and weights has been also improv ing but at a rate which is much slower than the rate of improvement in computer performance and the rate of shrinking in computer sizes. The relation between the power consumption of a computer system and it performance and size is a complex one which is very much dependent on the specific system and the technology used to build that system. We do not need a complex argument, however, to be convinced that energy and power, which is the rate of energy consumption, are becoming critical components in computer systems in gen eral, and portable and autonomous systems, in particular. Most of the early research on power consumption in computer systems ad dressed the issue of minimizing power in a given platform, which usually translates into minimizing energy consumption, and thus, longer battery life. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16 Sebastian Thrun, Lawrence K. Saul, Bernhard Schölkopf, 2004 Papers presented at the 2003 Neural Information Processing Conference by leading physicists, neuroscientists, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. The annual Neural Information Processing (NIPS) conference is the flagship meeting on neural computation. It draws a diverse group of attendees -- physicists, neuroscientists, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. The presentations are interdisciplinary, with contributions in algorithms, learning theory, cognitive science, neuroscience, brain imaging, vision, speech and signal processing, reinforcement learning and control, emerging technologies, and applications. Only thirty percent of the papers submitted are accepted for presentation at NIPS, so the quality is exceptionally high. This volume contains all the papers presented at the 2003 conference. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Advances in Artificial Intelligence Ahmed Y. Tawfik, Scott D. Goodwin, 2004-04-16 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence, Canadian AI 2004, held in London, Ontario, Canada in May 2004. The 29 revised full papers and 22 revised short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 105 submissions. These papers are presented together with the extended abstracts of 14 contributions to the graduate students' track. The full papers are organized in topical sections on agents, natural language processing, learning, constraint satisfaction and search, knowledge representation and reasoning, uncertainty, and neural networks. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: LATIN 2004: Theoretical Informatics Martin Farach-Colton, 2004-03-19 This volume contains the proceedings of the Latin American Theoretical Inf- matics (LATIN) conference that was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 5–8, 2004. The LATIN series of symposia was launched in 1992 to foster interactions between the Latin American community and computer scientists around the world. This was the sixth event in the series, following S ̃ ao Paulo, Brazil (1992), Valparaiso, Chile (1995), Campinas, Brazil (1998), Punta del Este, Uruguay (2000), and Cancun, Mexico (2002). The proceedings of these conferences were also published by Springer-Verlag in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series: Volumes 583, 911, 1380, 1776, and 2286, respectively. Also, as before, we published a selection of the papers in a special issue of a prestigious journal. We received 178 submissions. Each paper was assigned to four program c- mittee members, and 59 papers were selected. This was 80% more than the previous record for the number of submissions. We feel lucky to have been able to build on the solid foundation provided by the increasingly successful previous LATINs. And we are very grateful for the tireless work of Pablo Mart ́ ?nez L ́ opez, the Local Arrangements Chair. Finally, we thank Springer-Verlag for publishing these proceedings in its LNCS series. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes Serdar Boztas, Igor E. Shparlinski, 2003-06-30 The AAECC Symposia Series was started in 1983 by Alain Poli (Toulouse), who, together with R. Desq, D. Lazard, and P. Camion, organized the ?rst conference. Originally the acronym AAECC meant “Applied Algebra and Error-Correcting Codes”. Over the years its meaning has shifted to “Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms, and Error-Correcting Codes”, re?ecting the growing importance of complexity in both decoding algorithms and computational algebra. AAECC aims to encourage cross-fertilization between algebraic methods and their applications in computing and communications. The algebraic orientation is towards ?nite ?elds, complexity, polynomials, and graphs. The applications orientation is towards both theoretical and practical error-correction coding, and, since AAECC 13 (Hawaii, 1999), towards cryptography. AAECC was the ?rst symposium with papers connecting Gr ̈obner bases with E-C codes. The balance between theoretical and practical is intended to shift regularly; at AAECC-14 the focus was on the theoretical side. The main subjects covered were: – Codes: iterative decoding, decoding methods, block codes, code construction. – Codes and algebra: algebraic curves, Gr ̈obner bases, and AG codes. – Algebra: rings and ?elds, polynomials. – Codes and combinatorics: graphs and matrices, designs, arithmetic. – Cryptography. – Computational algebra: algebraic algorithms. – Sequences for communications. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Computing and Combinatorics Tandy Warnow, Binhai Zhu, 2003-08-06 The refereed proceedings of the 9th Annual International Computing and Combinatorics Conference, COCOON 2003, held in Big Sky, MT, USA in July 2003. The 52 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 114 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computational geometry, computational biology, computability and complexity theory, graph theory and graph algorithms, automata and Petri net theory, distributed computing, Web-based computing, scheduling, graph drawing, and fixed-parameter complexity theory. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Natural Language Processing and Information Systems Birger Andersson, Maria Bergholtz, P. Johannesson, 2003-07-01 The workshop on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems (NLDB)hassince1995providedaforumforacademicandindustrialresearchers and practitioners to discuss the application of natural language to both the development and use of software applications. Theuseofnaturallanguageinrelationtosoftwarehascontributedtoimpr- ing the development of software from the viewpoints of both the developers and the users. Developers bene?t from improvements in conceptual modeling, so- ware validation, natural language program speci?cations, and many other areas. Users bene?t from increased usability of applications through natural language query interfaces, semantic webs, text summarizations, etc. The integration of natural language and information systems has been a - search objective for a long time now. Today, the goal of good integration seems not so far-fetched. This is due mainly to the rapid progress of research in natural language and to the development of new and powerful technologies. The in- gration of natural language and information systems has become a convergent point towards which many researchers from several research areas are focussing. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: The Semantic Web - ISWC 2003 Katia Sycara, John Mylopoulos, 2003-10-02 These proceedings contain the papers accepted for presentation at the Second International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2003) held on Sanibel Island, Florida, U. S. A. , October 20–23, 2003. Following the success of ISWC 2002 that washeldinSardiniainJune2002,ISWC2003enjoyedagreatlyincreasedinterest in the conference themes. The number of submitted papers more than doubled compared with ISWC 2002 to 283. Of those, 262 were submitted to the research track and 21 to the industrial track. With rare exceptions, each submission was evaluated by three program committee members whose reviews were coordinated by members of the senior program committee. This year 49 papers in the research track and 9 papers in the industrial track were accepted. The high quality of ISWC 2003 was the result of the joint e?ort of many people. First of all we would like to thank the authors for their high-quality submissions and the members of the program committee for their reviewing and review coordination e?orts. We would like to extend special thanks to Christoph Bussler for chairing the industrial track, to Mike Dean for his help with the conference management software, the web site, and conference publicity, and to Massimo Paolucci for helping with the organization of the proceedings and arranging sponsorships. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Mathematical Foundations of Speech and Language Processing Mark Johnson, Sanjeev P. Khudanpur, Mari Ostendorf, Roni Rosenfeld, 2012-12-06 Speech and language technologies continue to grow in importance as they are used to create natural and efficient interfaces between people and machines, and to automatically transcribe, extract, analyze, and route information from high-volume streams of spoken and written information. The workshops on Mathematical Foundations of Speech Processing and Natural Language Modeling were held in the Fall of 2000 at the University of Minnesota's NSF-sponsored Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications, as part of a Mathematics in Multimedia year-long program. Each workshop brought together researchers in the respective technologies on the one hand, and mathematicians and statisticians on the other hand, for an intensive week of cross-fertilization. There is a long history of benefit from introducing mathematical techniques and ideas to speech and language technologies. Examples include the source-channel paradigm, hidden Markov models, decision trees, exponential models and formal languages theory. It is likely that new mathematical techniques, or novel applications of existing techniques, will once again prove pivotal for moving the field forward. This volume consists of original contributions presented by participants during the two workshops. Topics include language modeling, prosody, acoustic-phonetic modeling, and statistical methodology. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Design and Application of Strategies/Tactics in Higher Order Logics Myla Archer, 2003 |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: New Therapeutic Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes Rob M Jones, 2012-09-30 The diabetes mellitus epidemic is unfolding across the globe with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting a worldwide prevalence of 177 million patients with diabetes. Type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately ninety percent of all diabetes cases. Long-term complications of type 2 diabetes include atherosclerosis, heart disease, stroke, end-stage renal disease, retinopathy leading to blindness, nerve damage, sexual dysfunction, frequent infections, and difficult-to-treat foot ulcers, sometimes resulting in lower limb amputation. Diabetics are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease or have a stroke, two to six times more likely to have transient ischemic attacks, and fifteen to forty times more likely to require lower-limb amputation compared with the general population. In 2002, the total economic cost of diabetes was estimated to be $132 billion accounting for one in every ten health care dollars spent in the United States. As a direct consequence of this economic impact and in light of the fact that current approved therapies fail to provide adequate therapeutic advantage in preventing hyperglycemia, industry has been heavily focused on addressing new fundamental cellular mechanisms that will potentially address this unmet need. New Therapeutic Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes provides the reader with the most comprehensive survey to-date of the most innovative small molecule research strategies targeted at treating the burgeoning type 2 diabetes epidemic. Each chapter is written by a recognised thought-leader in this field. The book will be an invaluable reference for researchers and medicinal chemists that concisely explains the biological mechanisms underpinning each cutting-edge therapeutic strategy along with key medicinal chemistry rationales and up-to- date clinical findings. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Biometric Authentication Massimo Tistarelli, Josef Bigun, Anil K. Jain, 2003-08-06 Biometric authentication refers to identifying an individual based on his or her distinguishing physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. It associates an individual with a previously determined identity based on that individual s appearance or behavior. Because many physiological or behavioral characteristics (biometric indicators) are distinctive to each person, biometric identifiers are inherently more reliable and more capable than knowledge-based (e.g., password) and token-based (e.g., a key) techniques in differentiating between an authorized person and a fraudulent impostor. For this reason, more and more organizations are looking to automated identity authentication systems to improve customer satisfaction, security, and operating efficiency as well as to save critical resources. Biometric authentication is a challenging pattern recognition problem; it involves more than just template matching. The intrinsic nature of biometric data must be carefully studied, analyzed, and its properties taken into account in developing suitable representation and matching algorithms. The intrinsic variability of data with time and environmental conditions, the social acceptability and invasiveness of acquisition devices, and the facility with which the data can be counterfeited must be considered in the choice of a biometric indicator for a given application. In order to deploy a biometric authentication system, one must consider its reliability, accuracy, applicability, and efficiency. Eventually, it may be necessary to combine several biometric indicators (multimodal-biometrics) to cope with the drawbacks of the individual biometric indicators. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments Richard E. Ladner, 2003-01-01 The ALENEX workshop provides a forum for the presentation of original research in the implementation and experimental evaluation of algorithms and data structures. This volume collects extended versions of the 12 papers that were selected for presentation. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Adapting Proofs-as-Programs Iman Poernomo, John N. Crossley, Martin Wirsing, 2005-06-21 This monograph details several important advances in the direction of a practical proofs-as-programs paradigm, which constitutes a set of approaches to developing programs from proofs in constructive logic with applications to industrial-scale, complex software engineering problems. One of the books central themes is a general, abstract framework for developing new systems of programs synthesis by adapting proofs-as-programs to new contexts. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Graph Drawing Guiseppe Liotta, 2004-03-04 The 11th International Symposium on Graph Drawing (GD 2003) was held on September 21–24, 2003, at the Universit` a degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. GD 2003 attracted 93 participants from academic and industrial institutions in 17 countries. In response to the call for papers, the program committee received 88 re- larsubmissionsdescribingoriginalresearchand/orsystemdemonstrations.Each submission was reviewed by at least 4 program committee members and c- ments were returned to the authors. Following extensive e-mail discussions, the program committee accepted 34 long papers (12 pages each in the proceedings) and 11 short papers (6 pages each in the proceedings). Also, 6 posters (2 pages each in the proceedings) were displayed in the conference poster gallery. In addition to the 88 submissions, the program committee also received a submission of special type, one that was not competing with the others for a time slot in the conference program and that collects selected open problems in graph drawing. The aim of this paper, which was refereed with particular care andUNCHANGEDtworoundsofrevisions,istostimulatefutureresearchinthe graph drawing community. The paper presents 42 challenging open problems in di?erentareasofgraphdrawingandcontainsmorethan120references.Although the length of the paper makes it closer to a journal version than to a conference extended abstract, we decided to include it in the conference proceedings so that it could easily reach in a short time the vast majority of the graph drawing community. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: TH17 Cells in Health and Disease Shuiping Jiang, 2011-06-20 “About 25 years ago, Mosmann & Coffman introduced the TH1 / TH2 paradigm of T helper cell differentiation which helped explain many aspects of adaptive immunity from eliminating intracellular versus extracellular pathogens to induction of different types of tissue inflammation. However, TH1 / TH2 paradigm could not adequately explain development of certain inflammatory responses which provided impetus for the discovery of a new subset of T cells called TH17 cells. After the discovery of differentiation and transcription factors for TH17 cells, it was clear that TH17 cells represent an independent subset of T cells with specific functions in eliminating certain extracellular pathogens, presumably not adequately handled by TH1 or TH2 cells. The major role of TH17 cells has been described in inducing auto-immune tissue inflammation. The discovery of TH17 cells has expanded the TH1 / TH2 paradigm, and the integration of TH17 cells with TH1 and TH2 effector T cells is beginning to explain the underlying mechanisms of tissue inflammation in a number of infections and auto-immune disease settings.” - From Chapter One by Vijay K. Kuchroo, Harvard University, USA “The recently identified Interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine family contributes to immunity to infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases. Further studies on the regulation and function of this important cytokine family may provide better understanding on the roles of the IL-17 family in immune-mediated diseases; such knowledge may lead to the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for treatment of several inflammatory diseases.” - From Chapter Two by Chen Dong, University of Texas and MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Local Government E-disclosure & Comparisons Timothy J. Turner, 2005 In Local Government e-Disclosure & Comparisons, author Tim Turner proposes an information system to counterbalance the social complexity represented by over 87,000 local governments and their myriad subordinate units. Under his plan, an e-disclosure regimen will populate a federated system of state-based electronic repositories, creating a nationwide data warehouse |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Distributed Computing Dahlia Malkhi, 2003-06-30 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing, DISC 2002, held in Toulouse, France, in October 2002. The 24 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 76 submissions. Among the issues addressed are broadcasting, secure computation, view maintenance, communication protocols, distributed agreement, self-stabilizing algorithms, message-passing systems, dynamic networks, condition monitoring systems, shared memory computing, Byzantine processes, routing, failure detection, compare-and-swap operations, cooperative computation, and consensus algorithms. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Future Directions in Distributed Computing André Schiper, Alex A. Shvartsman, Hakim Weatherspoon, Ben Y. Zhao, 2003-07-01 Every year we witness acceleration in the availability, deployment, and use of distributed applications. However building increasingly sophisticated applications for extant and emerging networked systems continues to be challenging for several reasons: – Abstract models of computation used in distributed systems research often do not fully capture the limitations and the unpredictable nature of realistic distributed computing platforms; – Fault-tolerance and ef?ciency of computation are dif?cult to combine when the c- puting medium is subject to changes, asynchrony, and failures; – Middleware used for constructing distributed software does not provide services most suitable for sophisticated distributed applications; – Middleware services are speci?ed informally and without precise guarantees of e- ciency, fault-tolerance, scalability, and compositionality; – Speci?cation of distributed deployment of software systems is often left out of the development process; – Finally, there persists an organizational and cultural gap between engineering groups developing systems in a commercial enterprise, and research groups advancing the scienti?c state-of-the-art in academic and industrial settings. The objectives of this book are: (1) to serve as a motivation for de?ning future research programs in distributed computing, (2) to help identify areas where practitioners and engineers on the one hand and scientists and researchers on the other can improve the state of distributed computing through synergistic efforts, and (3) to motivate graduate students interested in entering the exciting research ?eld of distributed computing. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: More Games of No Chance Richard Nowakowski, 2002-11-25 This 2003 book provides an analysis of combinatorial games - games not involving chance or hidden information. It contains a fascinating collection of articles by some well-known names in the field, such as Elwyn Berlekamp and John Conway, plus other researchers in mathematics and computer science, together with some top game players. The articles run the gamut from theoretical approaches (infinite games, generalizations of game values, 2-player cellular automata, Alpha-Beta pruning under partial orders) to other games (Amazons, Chomp, Dot-and-Boxes, Go, Chess, Hex). Many of these advances reflect the interplay of the computer science and the mathematics. The book ends with a bibliography by A. Fraenkel and a list of combinatorial game theory problems by R. K. Guy. Like its predecessor, Games of No Chance, this should be on the shelf of all serious combinatorial games enthusiasts. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Internet Technologies Handbook Mark A. Miller, 2005-03-11 A comprehensive reference that addresses the need for solid understanding of the operation of IP networks, plus optimization and management techniques to keep those networks running at peak performance Uniquely distinguished from other books on IP networks, as it focuses on operation and management support, and is not just another treatise on protocol theory Includes many practical case studies as further illustration of the concepts discussed |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Human-computer Interaction, INTERACT '03 Matthias Rauterberg, Marino Menozzi, Janet Wesson, 2003 This work brings together papers written by researchers and practitioners actively working in the field of human-computer interaction. It should be of use to students who study information technology and computer sciences, and to professional designers who are interested in User Interface design. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: U.S. Investment in Biotechnology United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment, 1988 |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry John E. Macor, 2011-10-24 Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry provides timely and critical reviews of important topics in medicinal chemistry together with an emphasis on emerging topics in the biological sciences, which are expected to provide the basis for entirely new future therapies. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Characterization of Biological Membranes Mu-Ping Nieh, Frederick A. Heberle, John Katsaras, 2019-07-22 The study of membranes has become of high importance in the fields of biology, pharmaceutical chemistry and medicine, since much of what happens in a cell or in a virus involves biological membranes. The current book is an excellent introduction to the area, which explains how modern analytical methods can be applied to study biological membranes and membrane proteins and the bioprocesses they are involved to. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control Oded Maler, Amir Pnueli, 2003-03-18 This book constitues the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, HSCC 2003, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in April 2003. The 36 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 75 submissions. All current issues in hybrid systems are addressed including formal methods for analysis and control, computational tools, as well as innovative applications in various fields such as automotive control, the immune system, electrical circuits, operating systems, and human brains. |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: New Developments in Biotechnology: U.S. Investment in biotechnology (Summary) , 1988 |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: New Developments in Biotechnology , 1987 |
| 200 technology square cambridge ma 02139: Auditing Information Systems Jack J. Champlain, 2003-04-01 Have you been asked to perform an information systems audit and don't know where to start? Examine a company's hardware, software, and data organization and processing methods to ensure quality control and security with this easy, practical guide to auditing computer systems--the tools necessary to implement an effective IS audit. In nontechnical language and following the format of an IS audit program, you'll gain insight into new types of security certifications (e.g., TruSecure, CAP SysTrust, CPA WebTrust) as well as the importance of physical security controls, adequate insurance, and digital surveillance systems. Order your copy today! |
Count to 200 and Exercise! | Jack Hartmann Counting Song - YouTube
Count all the way to 200 and exercise with Jack Hartmann in Count to 200. Now that you have mastered our Let's Get Fit counting to 100 by 1's, take on the ch...
200 (number) - Wikipedia
200 is an abundant number, as 265, the sum of its proper divisors, is greater than itself. The number appears in the Padovan sequence, preceded by 86, 114, and 151 (it is the sum of the …
Number 200 - Facts about the integer - Numbermatics
Your guide to the number 200, an even composite number composed of two distinct primes. Mathematical info, prime factorization, fun facts and numerical data for STEM, education and fun.
200 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
200 (two hundred) is the natural number after 199 and before 201. It is the smallest unprimeable number because changing only one of the digits will still result in a composite number. If we …
Facts about 200 - ZeptoMath
200 (two hundred) number properties, facts, conversions, calculations and translations.
200 - Wikipedia
Year 200 was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Victorinus (or, less frequently, year 953 Ab urbe …
200 USD to EUR - Convert US dollars to Euros - Wise
200 US dollars to Euros Convert 140 currencies at the mid-market exchange rate. Wise is the international account for sending, spending and converting money like a local.
What are the Factors of 200? - BYJU'S
The factors of 200 are the numbers that divide the original number 200 exactly and leaves the remainder 0. As the number 200 is a composite number, it has many factors other than 1 and …
About The Number 200 - numeraly.com
Explore the fascinating world of the number 200! Discover its meanings, facts, significance in math, science, religion, folklore, angel numbers, arts, and literature. Dive into the magic of 200!
Number 200 facts - Number academy
The meaning of the number 200: How is 200 spell, written in words, interesting facts, mathematics, computer science, numerology, codes, zip code. 200 in Roman Numerals and …
Count to 200 and Exercise! | Jack Hartmann Counting Song - YouTube
Count all the way to 200 and exercise with Jack Hartmann in Count to 200. Now that you have mastered our Let's Get Fit counting to 100 by 1's, take on the ch...
200 (number) - Wikipedia
200 is an abundant number, as 265, the sum of its proper divisors, is greater than itself. The number appears in the Padovan sequence, preceded by 86, 114, and 151 (it is the sum of the …
Number 200 - Facts about the integer - Numbermatics
Your guide to the number 200, an even composite number composed of two distinct primes. Mathematical info, prime factorization, fun facts and numerical data for STEM, education and fun.
200 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
200 (two hundred) is the natural number after 199 and before 201. It is the smallest unprimeable number because changing only one of the digits will still result in a composite number. If we …
Facts about 200 - ZeptoMath
200 (two hundred) number properties, facts, conversions, calculations and translations.
200 - Wikipedia
Year 200 was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Victorinus (or, less frequently, year 953 Ab urbe …
200 USD to EUR - Convert US dollars to Euros - Wise
200 US dollars to Euros Convert 140 currencies at the mid-market exchange rate. Wise is the international account for sending, spending and converting money like a local.
What are the Factors of 200? - BYJU'S
The factors of 200 are the numbers that divide the original number 200 exactly and leaves the remainder 0. As the number 200 is a composite number, it has many factors other than 1 and …
About The Number 200 - numeraly.com
Explore the fascinating world of the number 200! Discover its meanings, facts, significance in math, science, religion, folklore, angel numbers, arts, and literature. Dive into the magic of 200!
Number 200 facts - Number academy
The meaning of the number 200: How is 200 spell, written in words, interesting facts, mathematics, computer science, numerology, codes, zip code. 200 in Roman Numerals and …
