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2023 Black History Month Theme: Black Resistance – A Legacy of Struggle and Resilience
Author: Dr. Evelyn Davis, Professor of African American History at Howard University. Dr. Davis has authored several books on the history of Black resistance movements in the United States, including a seminal work on the role of Black women in the Civil Rights Movement. Her expertise lies in analyzing the multifaceted nature of Black resistance across various historical periods and contexts.
Keywords: 2023 Black History Month theme Black resistance, Black resistance history, Black history month, African American history, Civil Rights Movement, Black Power Movement, resistance movements, historical context, contemporary relevance, systemic racism, social justice.
Abstract: The 2023 Black History Month theme, "Black Resistance," offers a crucial opportunity to explore the multifaceted ways in which Black people have fought for freedom, equality, and justice throughout history. This analysis delves into the historical context of this theme, examining various forms of resistance from slavery to the present day. It further explores the continuing relevance of this theme in addressing contemporary challenges related to systemic racism and the pursuit of social justice.
1. Historical Context: From Enslavement to Contemporary Activism
The 2023 Black History Month theme, "Black Resistance," necessitates a deep dive into the historical tapestry of Black struggle. It's not simply a recounting of events, but rather an examination of the diverse strategies employed by Black communities to survive and challenge oppressive systems. Resistance during enslavement took many forms: subtle acts of defiance like slowdowns in work, the deliberate destruction of property, the creation and maintenance of hidden networks of communication and support (the Underground Railroad being a prime example), and outright rebellions like Nat Turner's Rebellion. These acts, often carried out under the constant threat of brutal violence, demonstrated an unwavering spirit of resistance.
Following emancipation, the fight for freedom continued. Reconstruction, though promising, was short-lived, giving way to Jim Crow laws and systemic segregation. The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed the rise of various resistance movements: the NAACP’s legal challenges to segregation, the Great Migration, and the burgeoning of Black intellectual and cultural production. The Harlem Renaissance, for instance, wasn't simply an artistic movement; it was a powerful act of resistance, showcasing Black talent and challenging racist stereotypes.
The Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century is perhaps the most widely recognized period of Black resistance. The sit-ins, boycotts (like the Montgomery Bus Boycott), marches (like the March on Washington), and acts of civil disobedience, while often met with violent repression, significantly shifted the landscape of racial relations in America. The Black Power Movement that followed, though sometimes characterized by internal divisions, broadened the scope of resistance to include Black pride, self-determination, and a challenge to the very foundations of white supremacy.
2. Current Relevance: The Enduring Struggle for Equality
The 2023 Black History Month theme, "Black Resistance," remains profoundly relevant in the 21st century. While significant progress has been made, systemic racism continues to permeate various aspects of American society, from law enforcement and the justice system to education, housing, and healthcare. The ongoing struggle against police brutality, mass incarceration, and economic inequality reflects the enduring need for resistance.
Contemporary forms of resistance are diverse and dynamic. They include grassroots activism, community organizing, legal advocacy, and the powerful use of social media to amplify marginalized voices and challenge injustices. The Black Lives Matter movement, for example, has become a global force, mobilizing millions around the world to demand an end to police violence and racial injustice. This movement embodies the spirit of "Black Resistance," highlighting the enduring power of collective action and the commitment to fight for a more equitable future.
3. Understanding the Nuances of Resistance
It's crucial to recognize the heterogeneity of Black resistance. It wasn't a monolithic movement with a single strategy or ideology. Different communities and individuals employed diverse tactics, reflecting the complexities of their lived experiences and the specific challenges they faced. Understanding these nuances is essential to appreciating the richness and depth of the struggle for racial justice. Furthermore, the concept of “resistance” itself has evolved over time. What constituted resistance in the context of slavery might look very different from resistance in the 21st century, yet the underlying principle of challenging oppression remains the same.
4. The Importance of Remembering and Celebrating
The 2023 Black History Month theme, "Black Resistance," is not just about remembering past struggles; it's about celebrating the resilience, strength, and unwavering commitment to justice demonstrated by generations of Black people. It's about honoring the sacrifices made and acknowledging the ongoing fight for equality. By acknowledging and celebrating this legacy of resistance, we can draw inspiration and motivation to continue the fight for a more just and equitable future.
Publisher: The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH). ASALH is a leading authority on African American history and culture, having been instrumental in establishing Black History Month. Their expertise and historical perspective provide significant credibility to any publication related to the 2023 Black History Month theme, "Black Resistance."
Editor: Dr. Aisha Muhammad, a renowned historian specializing in the social and political movements of the 20th century. Dr. Muhammad’s expertise in analyzing historical movements lends crucial contextual and analytical depth to the article.
Summary: This analysis of the 2023 Black History Month theme, "Black Resistance," highlights the historical context of Black struggle against oppression, from slavery to the present day. It emphasizes the diverse forms this resistance has taken and its enduring relevance in addressing contemporary challenges related to systemic racism. The article stresses the importance of understanding the nuances of Black resistance and celebrating the resilience and strength of Black communities in their fight for justice.
Conclusion: The 2023 Black History Month theme, "Black Resistance," serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring struggle for racial justice and equality. It compels us to acknowledge the past, understand the present, and work towards a future where systemic racism is eradicated and Black lives are truly valued. The legacy of Black resistance is a testament to the power of collective action, resilience, and the unwavering pursuit of freedom and justice.
FAQs:
1. What are some examples of Black resistance during slavery? Examples include rebellions (like Nat Turner's), sabotage, slowdowns, and the creation of underground networks like the Underground Railroad.
2. How did the Civil Rights Movement represent Black resistance? Through nonviolent protests, boycotts, sit-ins, and legal challenges, the Civil Rights Movement challenged segregation and discrimination.
3. What role did Black women play in resistance movements? Black women were central to many movements, often leading organizing efforts and bearing the brunt of oppression while still actively resisting.
4. How does Black resistance manifest in the 21st century? Contemporary resistance takes many forms, including activism, community organizing, legal advocacy, and social media campaigns.
5. What is the significance of the Black Lives Matter movement? BLM is a global movement resisting police brutality and systemic racism, demonstrating the enduring need for Black resistance.
6. How can I learn more about Black resistance? Research historical movements, read books and articles, and engage with documentaries and museums.
7. How can I participate in the fight for racial justice? Support organizations working for racial justice, engage in peaceful protests, and educate yourself and others about systemic racism.
8. What are some key figures associated with Black resistance? Figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, and countless unsung heroes.
9. How does the 2023 theme relate to previous Black History Month themes? It builds upon past themes by focusing on a crucial and ever-present aspect of the Black experience – the continuous fight for freedom and equality.
Related Articles:
1. "The Underground Railroad: A Network of Resistance": Explores the history and significance of the Underground Railroad as a crucial form of resistance during slavery.
2. "Nat Turner's Rebellion: A Legacy of Defiance": Analyzes the impact and legacy of Nat Turner's Rebellion, a major slave revolt.
3. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott: A Turning Point in the Civil Rights Movement": Details the events and significance of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a pivotal moment of Black resistance.
4. "Black Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Unsung Heroines of Resistance": Highlights the crucial contributions of Black women to the Civil Rights Movement.
5. "The Black Power Movement: A Legacy of Self-Determination": Explores the philosophy and impact of the Black Power Movement.
6. "The Harlem Renaissance: Resistance through Art and Culture": Examines the artistic and cultural resistance of the Harlem Renaissance.
7. "Black Lives Matter: A Contemporary Movement of Resistance": Analyzes the goals, strategies, and impact of the Black Lives Matter movement.
8. "Systemic Racism in America: The Ongoing Need for Black Resistance": Discusses the present-day manifestations of systemic racism and the continued need for resistance.
9. "From Slavery to Freedom: A Timeline of Black Resistance": A chronological overview of key moments and figures in the history of Black resistance.
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: A House Built by Slaves Jonathan W. White, 2022-02-12 Readers of American history and books on Abraham Lincoln will appreciate what Los Angeles Review of Books deems an accessible book that puts a human face — many human faces — on the story of Lincoln’s attitudes toward and engagement with African Americans and Publishers Weekly calls a rich and comprehensive account. Widely praised and winner of the 2023 Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize, this book illuminates why Lincoln’s unprecedented welcoming of African American men and women to the White House transformed the trajectory of race relations in the United States. From his 1862 meetings with Black Christian ministers, Lincoln began inviting African Americans of every background into his home, from ex-slaves from the Deep South to champions of abolitionism such as Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth. More than a good-will gesture, the president conferred with his guests about the essential issues of citizenship and voting rights. Drawing from an array of primary sources, White reveals how African Americans used the White House as a national stage to amplify their calls for equality. Even more than 160 years after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln’s inclusion of African Americans remains a necessary example in a country still struggling from racial divisions today. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: The Mis-education of the Negro Carter Godwin Woodson, 1969 |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: An African American and Latinx History of the United States Paul Ortiz, 2018-01-30 An intersectional history of the shared struggle for African American and Latinx civil rights Spanning more than two hundred years, An African American and Latinx History of the United States is a revolutionary, politically charged narrative history, arguing that the “Global South” was crucial to the development of America as we know it. Scholar and activist Paul Ortiz challenges the notion of westward progress as exalted by widely taught formulations like “manifest destiny” and “Jacksonian democracy,” and shows how placing African American, Latinx, and Indigenous voices unapologetically front and center transforms US history into one of the working class organizing against imperialism. Drawing on rich narratives and primary source documents, Ortiz links racial segregation in the Southwest and the rise and violent fall of a powerful tradition of Mexican labor organizing in the twentieth century, to May 1, 2006, known as International Workers’ Day, when migrant laborers—Chicana/os, Afrocubanos, and immigrants from every continent on earth—united in resistance on the first “Day Without Immigrants.” As African American civil rights activists fought Jim Crow laws and Mexican labor organizers warred against the suffocating grip of capitalism, Black and Spanish-language newspapers, abolitionists, and Latin American revolutionaries coalesced around movements built between people from the United States and people from Central America and the Caribbean. In stark contrast to the resurgence of “America First” rhetoric, Black and Latinx intellectuals and organizers today have historically urged the United States to build bridges of solidarity with the nations of the Americas. Incisive and timely, this bottom-up history, told from the interconnected vantage points of Latinx and African Americans, reveals the radically different ways that people of the diaspora have addressed issues still plaguing the United States today, and it offers a way forward in the continued struggle for universal civil rights. 2018 Winner of the PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Running from Bondage Karen Cook Bell, 2021-07 A compelling examination of the ways enslaved women fought for their freedom during and after the Revolutionary War. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Black Joy Tracey M. Lewis-Giggetts, 2022-02 A timely collection of deeply personal, uplifting, and powerful essays that celebrate the redemptive strength of Black joy--in the vein of Black Girls Rock, You Are Your Best Thing, and I Really Needed This Today. When Tracey M. Lewis-Giggetts wrote an essay on Black joy for The Washington Post, she had no idea just how deeply it would resonate. But the outpouring of responses affirmed her own lived experience: that Black joy is not just a weapon of resistance, it is a tool for resilience. With this book, Tracey aims to gift her community with a collection of lyrical essays about the way joy has evolved, even in the midst of trauma, in her own life. Detailing these instances of joy in the context of Black culture allows us to recognize the power of Black joy as a resource to draw upon, and to challenge the one-note narratives of Black life as solely comprised of trauma and hardship. Black Joy is a collection that will recharge you. It is the kind of book that is passed between friends and offers both challenge and comfort at the end of a long day. It is an answer for anyone who needs confirmation that they are not alone and a brave place to quiet their mind and heal their soul. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Fugitive Pedagogy Jarvis R. Givens, 2021-04-13 A fresh portrayal of one of the architects of the African American intellectual tradition, whose faith in the subversive power of education will inspire teachers and learners today. Black education was a subversive act from its inception. African Americans pursued education through clandestine means, often in defiance of law and custom, even under threat of violence. They developed what Jarvis Givens calls a tradition of “fugitive pedagogy”—a theory and practice of Black education in America. The enslaved learned to read in spite of widespread prohibitions; newly emancipated people braved the dangers of integrating all-White schools and the hardships of building Black schools. Teachers developed covert instructional strategies, creative responses to the persistence of White opposition. From slavery through the Jim Crow era, Black people passed down this educational heritage. There is perhaps no better exemplar of this heritage than Carter G. Woodson—groundbreaking historian, founder of Black History Month, and legendary educator under Jim Crow. Givens shows that Woodson succeeded because of the world of Black teachers to which he belonged: Woodson’s first teachers were his formerly enslaved uncles; he himself taught for nearly thirty years; and he spent his life partnering with educators to transform the lives of Black students. Fugitive Pedagogy chronicles Woodson’s efforts to fight against the “mis-education of the Negro” by helping teachers and students to see themselves and their mission as set apart from an anti-Black world. Teachers, students, families, and communities worked together, using Woodson’s materials and methods as they fought for power in schools and continued the work of fugitive pedagogy. Forged in slavery, embodied by Woodson, this tradition of escape remains essential for teachers and students today. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Between the World and Me Ta-Nehisi Coates, 2015-07-14 #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • NATIONAL BOOK AWARD WINNER • NAMED ONE OF TIME’S TEN BEST NONFICTION BOOKS OF THE DECADE • PULITZER PRIZE FINALIST • NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD FINALIST • ONE OF OPRAH’S “BOOKS THAT HELP ME THROUGH” • NOW AN HBO ORIGINAL SPECIAL EVENT Hailed by Toni Morrison as “required reading,” a bold and personal literary exploration of America’s racial history by “the most important essayist in a generation and a writer who changed the national political conversation about race” (Rolling Stone) NAMED ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL BOOKS OF THE DECADE BY CNN • NAMED ONE OF PASTE’S BEST MEMOIRS OF THE DECADE • NAMED ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • O: The Oprah Magazine • The Washington Post • People • Entertainment Weekly • Vogue • Los Angeles Times • San Francisco Chronicle • Chicago Tribune • New York • Newsday • Library Journal • Publishers Weekly In a profound work that pivots from the biggest questions about American history and ideals to the most intimate concerns of a father for his son, Ta-Nehisi Coates offers a powerful new framework for understanding our nation’s history and current crisis. Americans have built an empire on the idea of “race,” a falsehood that damages us all but falls most heavily on the bodies of black women and men—bodies exploited through slavery and segregation, and, today, threatened, locked up, and murdered out of all proportion. What is it like to inhabit a black body and find a way to live within it? And how can we all honestly reckon with this fraught history and free ourselves from its burden? Between the World and Me is Ta-Nehisi Coates’s attempt to answer these questions in a letter to his adolescent son. Coates shares with his son—and readers—the story of his awakening to the truth about his place in the world through a series of revelatory experiences, from Howard University to Civil War battlefields, from the South Side of Chicago to Paris, from his childhood home to the living rooms of mothers whose children’s lives were taken as American plunder. Beautifully woven from personal narrative, reimagined history, and fresh, emotionally charged reportage, Between the World and Me clearly illuminates the past, bracingly confronts our present, and offers a transcendent vision for a way forward. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Living While Black Guilaine Kinouani, 2022-01-25 A Guardian “Best Book of 2021” Selection A powerful look at the impacts of anti-Black racism and a practical guide for overcoming racial trauma through radical self-care as a form of resistance Over the past 15 years, radical psychologist Guilaine Kinouani has focused her research, writing, and workshops on how racism affects both physical and mental health. Living While Black gives voice to the diverse, global experiences of Black people, using personal stories, powerful case studies, and eye-opening research to offer expert guidance on how to set boundaries and process micro-aggressions; protect children from racism; handle difficult race-based conversations; navigate the complexities of Black love; and identify and celebrate the wins. Based on her findings, Kinouani has devised tried-and-tested strategies to help protect Black people from the harmful effects of verbal, physical, and structural racism. She empowers Black readers to adopt self-care mechanisms to improve their day-to-day wellness to help them thrive, not just survive, and to find hope and beauty—or even joy—in the face of racial adversity. She also provides a vital resource for allies seeking to better understand the impacts of racism and how they can help. With the rise of far-right ideologies and the increase of racist hate crimes, Living While Black is both timely and instrumental in moving conversations from defining racism for non-Black majorities to focusing on healing and nurturing the mental health of those facing prejudice, discrimination, and the lasting effects of the violence of white supremacy. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Toward an Intellectual History of Black Women Mia E. Bay, Farah J. Griffin, Martha S. Jones, Barbara D. Savage, 2015-04-13 Despite recent advances in the study of black thought, black women intellectuals remain often neglected. This collection of essays by fifteen scholars of history and literature establishes black women's places in intellectual history by engaging the work of writers, educators, activists, religious leaders, and social reformers in the United States, Africa, and the Caribbean. Dedicated to recovering the contributions of thinkers marginalized by both their race and their gender, these essays uncover the work of unconventional intellectuals, both formally educated and self-taught, and explore the broad community of ideas in which their work participated. The end result is a field-defining and innovative volume that addresses topics ranging from religion and slavery to the politicized and gendered reappraisal of the black female body in contemporary culture. Contributors are Mia E. Bay, Judith Byfield, Alexandra Cornelius, Thadious Davis, Corinne T. Field, Arlette Frund, Kaiama L. Glover, Farah J. Griffin, Martha S. Jones, Natasha Lightfoot, Sherie Randolph, Barbara D. Savage, Jon Sensbach, Maboula Soumahoro, and Cheryl Wall. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Everyday Violence against Black and Latinx LGBT Communities Siobhan Brooks, 2020-12-05 In Everyday Violence against Black and Latinx LGBT Communities, Siobhan Brooks argues that hate crimes and violence against Black and Latinx LGBT people are the products of institutions and ideologies that exist both outside and inside of Black and Latinx communities. Brooks analyzes families, educational systems, healthcare industries, and religious spaces as institutions that can perpetuate and transform the political and cultural beliefs and attitudes that engender violence toward LGBT Black and Latinx people. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Black Lives Matter at School Denisha Jones, Jesse Hagopian, 2020-12-01 This inspiring collection of accounts from educators and students is “an essential resource for all those seeking to build an antiracist school system” (Ibram X. Kendi). Since 2016, the Black Lives Matter at School movement has carved a new path for racial justice in education. A growing coalition of educators, students, parents and others have established an annual week of action during the first week of February. This anthology shares vital lessons that have been learned through this important work. In this volume, Bettina Love makes a powerful case for abolitionist teaching, Brian Jones looks at the historical context of the ongoing struggle for racial justice in education, and prominent teacher union leaders discuss the importance of anti-racism in their unions. Black Lives Matter at School includes essays, interviews, poems, resolutions, and more from participants across the country who have been building the movement on the ground. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: A Mind to Stay Sydney Nathans, 2017-02-20 The exodus of millions of African Americans from the rural South is a central theme of black life and liberation in the twentieth century. A Mind to Stay offers a counterpoint to the narrative of the Great Migration. Sydney Nathans tells the rare story of people who moved from being enslaved to becoming owners of the very land they had worked in bondage, and who have held on to it from emancipation through the Civil Rights era. The story began in 1844, when North Carolina planter Paul Cameron bought 1,600 acres near Greensboro, Alabama, and sent out 114 enslaved people to cultivate cotton and enlarge his fortune. In the 1870s, he sold the plantation to emancipated black families who worked there. Drawing on thousands of letters from the planter and on interviews with descendants of those who bought the land, Nathans unravels how and why the planter’s former laborers purchased the site of their enslavement, kept its name as Cameron Place, and defended their homeland against challengers from the Jim Crow era to the present day. Through the prism of a single plantation and the destiny of black families that dwelt on it for over a century and a half, A Mind to Stay brings to life a vivid cast of characters and illuminates the changing meaning of land and landowning to successive generations of rural African Americans. Those who remained fought to make their lives fully free—for themselves, for their neighbors, and for those who might someday return. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Before Brown, Beyond Boundaries Association for the Study of African-American Life and History, 2004 May 17, 2004 will mark the 50th anniversary of the landmark Brown v. Board of Education desegregation decision. This case is considered to be the most important legal case affecting African Americans in the twentieth century and one of the most important Supreme Court decisions in U. S. Constitution history. Brown v. Board of Education combines separate cases from Kansas (Brown et. Al v. Board of Education of Topeka), South Carolina (Briggs v. Elliott), Delaware (Belton v. Gebhart), Virginia (Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward Country, Virginia), and the District of Columbia (Boiling v. Sharpe). The Brown companion cases presented segregation at its worst. Although supposedly guaranteeing African Americans separate but equal education, schools for African Americans were never equal as many were in run-down buildings with overcrowded classrooms. Many schools had no indoor plumbing or heating and there was little money for books and supplies. Bus service was rarely supplied for African American children who often had to walk past better-equipped white schools to attend segregated schools. The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) decided to challenge segregation in schools and took the Brown cases to the Supreme Court. After combining the five cases in one large case, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were illegal. This book will serve as a helpful curriculum guide to educators interested in teaching the details of one of the most important legal cases in African American history. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Carter Reads the Newspaper Deborah Hopkinson, 2020-08-04 Carter G. Woodson didn't just read history. He changed it. As the father of Black History Month, he spent his life introducing others to the history of his people. Carter G. Woodson was born to two formerly enslaved people ten years after the end of the Civil War. Though his father could not read, he believed in being an informed citizen, so he asked Carter to read the newspaper to him every day. As a teenager, Carter went to work in the coal mines, and there he met Oliver Jones, who did something important: he asked Carter not only to read to him and the other miners, but also research and find more information on the subjects that interested them. My interest in penetrating the past of my people was deepened, Carter wrote. His journey would take him many more years, traveling around the world and transforming the way people thought about history. From an award-winning team of author Deborah Hopkinson and illustrator Don Tate, this first-ever picture book biography of Carter G. Woodson emphasizes the importance of pursuing curiosity and encouraging a hunger for knowledge of stories and histories that have not been told. Back matter includes author and illustrator notes and brief biological sketches of important figures from African and African American history. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: African American History For Dummies Ronda Racha Penrice, 2011-05-04 Understand the historical and cultural contributions of African Americans Get to know the people, places, and events that shaped the African American experience Want to better understand black history? This comprehensive, straight-forward guide traces the African American journey, from Africa and the slave trade through the Civil War, Jim Crow, and the new millennium. You'll be an eyewitness to the pivotal events that impacted America's past, present, and future - and meet the inspiring leaders who struggled to bring about change. How Africans came to America Black life before - and after - Civil Rights How slaves fought to be free The evolution of African American culture Great accomplishments by black citizens What it means to be black in America today |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Liberia, South Carolina John M. Coggeshall, 2018-04-10 In 2007, while researching mountain culture in upstate South Carolina, anthropologist John M. Coggeshall stumbled upon the small community of Liberia in the Blue Ridge foothills. There he met Mable Owens Clarke and her family, the remaining members of a small African American community still living on land obtained immediately after the Civil War. This intimate history tells the story of five generations of the Owens family and their friends and neighbors, chronicling their struggles through slavery, Reconstruction, the Jim Crow era, and the desegregation of the state. Through hours of interviews with Mable and her relatives, as well as friends and neighbors, Coggeshall presents an ethnographic history that allows members of a largely ignored community to speak and record their own history for the first time. This story sheds new light on the African American experience in Appalachia, and in it Coggeshall documents the community's 150-year history of resistance to white oppression, while offering a new way to understand the symbolic relationship between residents and the land they occupy, tying together family, memory, and narratives to explain this connection. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Uncompromising Activist Katherine Reynolds Chaddock, 2017-09-27 Almost forgotten until his papers were discovered in a Chicago attic, Richard Greener was a pioneer who broke educational and professional barriers for black citizens. He was also a man caught between worlds. Richard Theodore Greener (1844–1922) was a renowned black activist and scholar. In 1870, he was the first black graduate of Harvard College. During Reconstruction, he was the first black faculty member at a southern white college, the University of South Carolina. He was even the first black US diplomat to a white country, serving in Vladivostok, Russia. A notable speaker and writer for racial equality, he also served as a dean of the Howard University School of Law and as the administrative head of the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Association. Yet he died in obscurity, his name barely remembered. His black friends and colleagues often looked askance at the light-skinned Greener’s ease among whites and sometimes wrongfully accused him of trying to “pass.” While he was overseas on a diplomatic mission, Greener’s wife and five children stayed in New York City, changed their names, and vanished into white society. Greener never saw them again. At a time when Americans viewed themselves simply as either white or not, Greener lost not only his family but also his sense of clarity about race. Richard Greener’s story demonstrates the human realities of racial politics throughout the fight for abolition, the struggle for equal rights, and the backslide into legal segregation. Katherine Reynolds Chaddock has written a long overdue narrative biography about a man, fascinating in his own right, who also exemplified America’s discomfiting perspectives on race and skin color. Uncompromising Activist is a lively tale that will interest anyone curious about the human elements of the equal rights struggle. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Freedom Riders Raymond Arsenault, 2011-03-11 The saga of the Freedom Rides is an improbable, almost unbelievable story. In the course of six months in 1961, four hundred and fifty Freedom Riders expanded the realm of the possible in American politics, redefining the limits of dissent and setting the stage for the civil rights movement. In this new version of his encyclopedic Freedom Riders, Raymond Arsenault offers a significantly condensed and tautly written account. With characters and plot lines rivaling those of the most imaginative fiction, this is a tale of heroic sacrifice and unexpected triumph. Arsenault recounts how a group of volunteers--blacks and whites--came together to travel from Washington DC through the Deep South, defying Jim Crow laws in buses and terminals and putting their lives on the line for racial justice. News photographers captured the violence in Montgomery, shocking the nation and sparking a crisis in the Kennedy administration. Here are the key players--their fears and courage, their determination and second thoughts, and the agonizing choices they faced as they took on Jim Crow--and triumphed. Winner of the Owsley Prize Publication is timed to coincide with the airing of the American Experience miniseries documenting the Freedom Rides Arsenault brings vividly to life a defining moment in modern American history. --Eric Foner, The New York Times Book Review Authoritative, compelling history. --William Grimes, The New York Times For those interested in understanding 20th-century America, this is an essential book. --Roger Wilkins, Washington Post Book World Arsenault's record of strategy sessions, church vigils, bloody assaults, mass arrests, political maneuverings and personal anguish captures the mood and the turmoil, the excitement and the confusion of the movement and the time. --Michael Kenney, The Boston Globe |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Black Lives, Native Lands, White Worlds Jared Hardesty, 2019 Shortly after the first Europeans arrived in seventeenth-century New England, they began to import Africans and capture the area's indigenous peoples as slaves. By the eve of the American Revolution, enslaved people comprised only about 4 percent of the population, but slavery had become instrumental to the region's economy and had shaped its cultural traditions. This story of slavery in New England has been little told. In this concise yet comprehensive history, Jared Ross Hardesty focuses on the individual stories of enslaved people, bringing their experiences to life. He also explores larger issues such as the importance of slavery to the colonization of the region and to agriculture and industry, New England's deep connections to Caribbean plantation societies, and the significance of emancipation movements in the era of the American Revolution. Thoroughly researched and engagingly written, Black Lives, Native Lands, White Worlds is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of New England. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Handbook of Black Librarianship Andrew P. Jackson, Marva L. DeLoach, Michele Fenton, 2024-12-15 As Dr. Josey and Ms. DeLoach wrote in their Introduction to the second editionof The Handbook of Black Librarianship: “In designing the second edition of The Handbook of Black Librarianship, the editors felt that this work should be a reference tool related to the various aspects of African Americans in librarianship and their work in libraries.” That first edition covered issues faced by black library professionals in the various fields of librarianship; organizations formed; black library collections and books; resources and other areas of progress. The second edition, published twenty-three years later, highlighted more current events in Black librarianship: early and contemporary library organizations, vital issues, African American resources, discussions on and about librarianship, a focus on health librarianship, and information resources and education. It has now been another twenty-two years since the last edition and time to reflect on “various aspects of African Americans” in our profession as well as the advancements over the past two and a half decades and to review those issues African Americans still face and how modern technological advancements have impacted our profession and the lives of Black librarians. This third edition’s coverage includes: Pioneers and Landmark Episodes A Chronology of Events in Black Librarianship African American Forerunners in Librarianship Modern Day Black Library Organizations Vital Issues in Black Librarianship Library Service to Our Communities Library Technology and Black Librarianship Pearls from Our Retirees Issues in Diversity, Inclusion and Multiculturalism African Library Resources and Education Banned Books Significant Books and Periodicals for Black Collections |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: An Abolitionist's Handbook Patrisse Cullors, 2022-01-25 From the Co-Founder of the #BlackLivesMatter, a bold, innovative, and humanistic approach to being a modern-day abolitionist In An Abolitionist’s Handbook, New York Times bestselling author, artist, and activist Patrisse Cullors charts a framework for how everyday artists, activists, and organizers can effectively fight for an abolitionist present and future. Filled with relatable pedagogy on the history of abolition, a reimagining of what reparations look like for Black lives, and real-life anecdotes from Cullors, An Abolitionist’s Handbook asks us to lead with love, fierce compassion, and precision. Readers will learn the 12 steps to change yourself and the world. An Abolitionist’s Handbook is for those who are looking to reimagine a world where communities are treated with dignity, care and respect. It gives us permission to move away from cancel culture and into visioning change and healing. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Black AF History Michael Harriot, 2025-09-15 AMAZON'S TOP 20 HISTORY BOOKS OF 2023 * B&N BEST OF EDUCATIONAL HISTORY * THE ROOT'S BEST BOOKS OF 2023 * CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY FAVORITE BOOKS OF 2023 From acclaimed columnist and political commentator Michael Harriot, a searingly smart and bitingly hilarious retelling of American history that corrects the record and showcases the perspectives and experiences of Black Americans. America's backstory is a whitewashed mythology implanted in our collective memory. It is the story of the pilgrims on the Mayflower building a new nation. It is George Washington's cherry tree and Abraham Lincoln's log cabin. It is the fantastic tale of slaves that spontaneously teleported themselves here with nothing but strong backs and negro spirituals. It is a sugarcoated legend based on an almost true story. It should come as no surprise that the dominant narrative of American history is blighted with errors and oversights--after all, history books were written by white men with their perspectives at the forefront. It could even be said that the devaluation and erasure of the Black experience is as American as apple pie. In Black AF History, Michael Harriot presents a more accurate version of American history. Combining unapologetically provocative storytelling with meticulous research based on primary sources as well as the work of pioneering Black historians, scholars, and journalists, Harriot removes the white sugarcoating from the American story, placing Black people squarely at the center. With incisive wit, Harriot speaks hilarious truth to oppressive power, subverting conventional historical narratives with little-known stories about the experiences of Black Americans. From the African Americans who arrived before 1619 to the unenslavable bandit who inspired America's first police force, this long overdue corrective provides a revealing look into our past that is as urgent as it is necessary. For too long, we have refused to acknowledge that American history is white history. Not this one. This history is Black AF. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: White Water Michael S. Bandy, Eric Stein, Shadra Strickland, 2011-08-23 After tasting the warm, rusty water from the fountain designated for African- Americans, a young boy questions why he cannot drink the cool, refreshing water from the Whites Only fountain. Based on a true experience co-author Michael S. Bandy had as a boy. 15,000 first printing. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Gateway to Equality Keona K. Ervin, 2017-07-28 Like most of the nation during the 1930s, St. Louis, Missouri, was caught in the stifling grip of the Great Depression. For the next thirty years, the Gateway City continued to experience significant urban decline as its population swelled and the area's industries stagnated. Over these decades, many African American citizens in the region found themselves struggling financially and fighting for access to profitable jobs and suitable working conditions. To combat ingrained racism, crippling levels of poverty, and sub-standard living conditions, black women worked together to form a community-based culture of resistance—fighting for employment, a living wage, dignity, representation, and political leadership. Gateway to Equality investigates black working-class women's struggle for economic justice from the rise of New Deal liberalism in the 1930s to the social upheavals of the 1960s. Author Keona K. Ervin explains that the conditions in twentieth-century St. Louis were uniquely conducive to the rise of this movement since the city's economy was based on light industries that employed women, such as textiles and food processing. As part of the Great Migration, black women migrated to the city at a higher rate than their male counterparts, and labor and black freedom movements relied less on a charismatic, male leadership model. This made it possible for women to emerge as visible and influential leaders in both formal and informal capacities. In this impressive study, Ervin presents a stunning account of the ways in which black working-class women creatively fused racial and economic justice. By illustrating that their politics played an important role in defining urban political agendas, her work sheds light on an unexplored aspect of community activism and illuminates the complexities of the overlapping civil rights and labor movements during the first half of the twentieth century. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: All That She Carried Tiya Miles, 2021-06-08 NATIONAL BOOK AWARD WINNER • NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • A renowned historian traces the life of a single object handed down through three generations of Black women to craft a “deeply layered and insightful” (The Washington Post) testament to people who are left out of the archives. WINNER: Frederick Douglass Book Prize, Harriet Tubman Prize, PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award, Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, Ralph Waldo Emerson Prize, Lawrence W. Levine Award, Darlene Clark Hine Award, Cundill History Prize, Joan Kelly Memorial Prize, Massachusetts Book Award ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR: The Washington Post, Slate, Vulture, Publishers Weekly “A history told with brilliance and tenderness and fearlessness.”—Jill Lepore, author of These Truths: A History of the United States In 1850s South Carolina, an enslaved woman named Rose faced a crisis: the imminent sale of her daughter Ashley. Thinking quickly, she packed a cotton bag for her with a few items, and, soon after, the nine-year-old girl was separated from her mother and sold. Decades later, Ashley’s granddaughter Ruth embroidered this family history on the sack in spare, haunting language. Historian Tiya Miles carefully traces these women’s faint presence in archival records, and, where archives fall short, she turns to objects, art, and the environment to write a singular history of the experience of slavery, and the uncertain freedom afterward, in the United States. All That She Carried is a poignant story of resilience and love passed down against steep odds. It honors the creativity and resourcefulness of people who preserved family ties when official systems refused to do so, and it serves as a visionary illustration of how to reconstruct and recount their stories today FINALIST: MAAH Stone Book Award, Kirkus Prize, Mark Lynton History Prize, Chatauqua Prize ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR: The New York Times, NPR, Time, The Boston Globe, The Atlantic, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Smithsonian Magazine, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Ms. magazine, Book Riot, Library Journal, Kirkus Reviews, Booklist |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Unceasing Militant Alison M. Parker, 2020-10-29 Born into slavery during the Civil War, Mary Church Terrell (1863–1954) would become one of the most prominent activists of her time, with a career bridging the late nineteenth century to the civil rights movement of the 1950s. The first president of the National Association of Colored Women and a founding member of the NAACP, Terrell collaborated closely with the likes of Frederick Douglass, Ida B. Wells, and W. E. B. Du Bois. Unceasing Militant is the first full-length biography of Terrell, bringing her vibrant voice and personality to life. Though most accounts of Terrell focus almost exclusively on her public activism, Alison M. Parker also looks at the often turbulent, unexplored moments in her life to provide a more complete account of a woman dedicated to changing the culture and institutions that perpetuated inequality throughout the United States. Drawing on newly discovered letters and diaries, Parker weaves together the joys and struggles of Terrell's personal, private life with the challenges and achievements of her public, political career, producing a stunning portrait of an often-under recognized political leader. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Understanding and Dismantling Racism Joseph R. Barndt, More than 15 years have passed since Joe Barndt wrote his influential and widely acclaimed Dismantling Racism (1991, Augsburg Books). He has now written a replacement volume powerful, personal, and practical that reframes the whole issue for the new context of the twenty-first century. With great clarity Barndt traces the history of racism, especially in white America, revealing its various personal, institutional, and cultural forms. Without demonizing anyone or any race, he offers specific, positive ways in which people in all walks, including churches, can work to bring racism to an end. He includes the newest data on continuing conditions of People of Color, including their progress relative to the minimal standards of equality in housing, income and wealth, education, and health. He discusses current dimensions of race as they appear in controversies over 9/11, New Orleans, and undocumented workers. Includes analytical charts, definitions, bibliography, and exercises for readers. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Stokely Peniel E. Joseph, 2014-03-04 From the author of The Sword and the Shield, this definitive biography of the Black Power activist Stokely Carmichael offers an unflinching look at an unflinching man (Daily Beast). Stokely Carmichael, the charismatic and controversial Black activist, stepped onto the pages of history when he called for Black Power during a speech one Mississippi night in 1966. A firebrand who straddled both the American civil rights and Black Power movements, Carmichael would stand for the rest of his life at the center of the storm he had unleashed. In Stokely, preeminent civil rights scholar Peniel E. Joseph presents a groundbreaking biography of Carmichael, using his life as a prism through which to view the transformative African American freedom struggles of the twentieth century. A nuanced and authoritative portrait, Stokely captures the life of the man whose uncompromising vision defined political radicalism and provoked a national reckoning on race and democracy. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Carter G. Woodson's Appeal Carter Godwin Woodson, 2008 In 1921, a dozen years before he wrote his provocative classic, The Mis-Education of the Negro, Carter G. Woodson authored another work of social criticism. A stinging critique of white racism and a sterling defense of the Black race from its detractors, the manuscript was undoubtedly too caustic for white society and the author opted not to publish it in his lifetime. The work was rediscovered and edited by Daryl Michael Scott, professor of History at Howard University. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: From Here to Equality, Second Edition William A. Darity Jr., A. Kirsten Mullen, 2022-07-27 Racism and discrimination have choked economic opportunity for African Americans at nearly every turn. At several historic moments, the trajectory of racial inequality could have been altered dramatically. But neither Reconstruction nor the New Deal nor the civil rights struggle led to an economically just and fair nation. Today, systematic inequality persists in the form of housing discrimination, unequal education, police brutality, mass incarceration, employment discrimination, and massive wealth and opportunity gaps. Economic data indicates that for every dollar the average white household holds in wealth the average black household possesses a mere ten cents. This compelling and sharply argued book addresses economic injustices head-on and make the most comprehensive case to date for economic reparations for U.S. descendants of slavery. Using innovative methods that link monetary values to historical wrongs, William Darity Jr. and A. Kirsten Mullen assess the literal and figurative costs of justice denied in the 155 years since the end of the Civil War and offer a detailed roadmap for an effective reparations program, including a substantial payment to each documented U.S. black descendant of slavery. This new edition features a new foreword addressing the latest developments on the local, state, and federal level and considering current prospects for a comprehensive reparations program. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Civil Disobedience Henry David Thoreau, 2009-01-01 Thoreau wrote Civil Disobedience in 1849. It argues the superiority of the individual conscience over acquiescence to government. Thoreau was inspired to write in response to slavery and the Mexican-American war. He believed that people could not be made agents of injustice if they were governed by their own consciences. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: The Cambridge Guide to African American History Raymond Gavins, 2016-02-15 Intended for high school and college students, teachers, adult educational groups, and general readers, this book is of value to them primarily as a learning and reference tool. It also provides a critical perspective on the actions and legacies of ordinary and elite blacks and their non-black allies. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Slavery at Sea Sowande M Mustakeem, 2016-11-01 Most times left solely within the confine of plantation narratives, slavery was far from a land-based phenomenon. This book reveals for the first time how it took critical shape at sea. Expanding the gaze even more deeply, the book centers how the oceanic transport of human cargoes--infamously known as the Middle Passage--comprised a violently regulated process foundational to the institution of bondage. Sowande' Mustakeem's groundbreaking study goes inside the Atlantic slave trade to explore the social conditions and human costs embedded in the world of maritime slavery. Mining ship logs, records and personal documents, Mustakeem teases out the social histories produced between those on traveling ships: slaves, captains, sailors, and surgeons. As she shows, crewmen manufactured captives through enforced dependency, relentless cycles of physical, psychological terror, and pain that led to the the making--and unmaking--of enslaved Africans held and transported onboard slave ships. Mustakeem relates how this process, and related power struggles, played out not just for adult men, but also for women, children, teens, infants, nursing mothers, the elderly, diseased, ailing, and dying. Mustakeem offers provocative new insights into how gender, health, age, illness, and medical treatment intersected with trauma and violence transformed human beings into the world's most commercially sought commodity for over four centuries. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: From Slavery to Freedom: Narrative Of The Life, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Up From Slavery, The Souls of Black Folk. Illustrated Frederick Douglass, Harriet Ann Jacobs, Booker Taliaferro Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, 2021-01-08 African American history is the part of American history that looks at the past of African Americans or Black Americans. Of the 10.7 million Africans who were brought to the Americas until the 1860s, 450 thousand were shipped to what is now the United States. Most African Americans are descended from Africans who were brought directly from Africa to America and became slaves. The future slaves were originally captured in African wars or raids and transported in the Atlantic slave trade. Our collection includes the following works: Narrative Of The Life by Frederick Douglass. The impassioned abolitionist and eloquent orator provides graphic descriptions of his childhood and horrifying experiences as a slave as well as a harrowing record of his dramatic escape to the North and eventual freedom. Incidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs. Powerful by portrayal of the brutality of slave life through the inspiring tale of one woman's dauntless spirit and faith. Up From Slavery by Booker T. Washington. Washington rose to become the most influential spokesman for African Americans of his day. He describes events in a remarkable life that began in slavery and culminated in worldwide recognition. The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois. W. E. B. Du Bois was an American sociologist, socialist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Contents: 1. Frederick Douglass: Narrative Of The Life 2. Harriet Ann Jacobs: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl 3. Booker Taliaferro Washington: Up From Slavery 4. W. E. B. Du Bois: The Souls of Black Folk |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: This Is Your Time Ruby Bridges, 2020-11-10 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • CBC KIDS’ BOOK CHOICE AWARD WINNER Civil rights icon Ruby Bridges—who, at the age of six, was the first black child to integrate into an all-white elementary school in New Orleans—inspires readers and calls for action in this moving letter. Her elegant, memorable gift book is especially uplifting in the wake of Kamala Harris making US history as the first female, first Black, and first South Asian vice president–elect. Written as a letter from civil rights activist and icon Ruby Bridges to the reader, This Is Your Time is both a recounting of Ruby’s experience as a child who had to be escorted to class by federal marshals when she was chosen to be one of the first black students to integrate into New Orleans’ all-white public school system and an appeal to generations to come to effect change. This beautifully designed volume features photographs from the 1960s and from today, as well as stunning jacket art from The Problem We All Live With, the 1964 painting by Norman Rockwell depicting Ruby’s walk to school. Ruby’s honest and impassioned words, imbued with love and grace, serve as a moving reminder that “what can inspire tomorrow often lies in our past.” This Is Your Time will electrify people of all ages as the struggle for liberty and justice for all continues and the powerful legacy of Ruby Bridges endures. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: More Courageous Conversations About Race Glenn E. Singleton, 2013 Since the highly acclaimed Courageous Conversations About Race offered educators a frame work and tools for promoting racial equity, many schools have implemented the Courageous Conversations Protocol. Now ... in a book that's rich with anecdote, Singleton celebrates the successes, outlines the difficulties, and provides specific strategies for moving Courageous Conversations from racial equity theory to practice at every level, from the classroom to the school superintendent's office--Back cover. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Mobilizing Black Germany Tiffany N. Florvil, 2020-12-28 In the 1980s and 1990s, Black German women began to play significant roles in challenging the discrimination in their own nation and abroad. Their grassroots organizing, writings, and political and cultural activities nurtured innovative traditions, ideas, and practices. These strategies facilitated new, often radical bonds between people from disparate backgrounds across the Black Diaspora. Tiffany N. Florvil examines the role of queer and straight women in shaping the contours of the modern Black German movement as part of the Black internationalist opposition to racial and gender oppression. Florvil shows the multifaceted contributions of women to movement making, including Audre Lorde’s role in influencing their activism; the activists who inspired Afro-German women to curate their own identities and histories; and the evolution of the activist groups Initiative of Black Germans and Afro-German Women. These practices and strategies became a rallying point for isolated and marginalized women (and men) and shaped the roots of contemporary Black German activism. Richly researched and multidimensional in scope, Mobilizing Black Germany offers a rare in-depth look at the emergence of the modern Black German movement and Black feminists’ politics, intellectualism, and internationalism. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: 100 Accomplished Black Canadian Women - 2016 Dauna Jones-Simmonds, Jean Augustine, Denise O'Neil Green, 2016-07-08 This 2016 edition is the first of its kind, celebrates Black Canadian women in terms of government, not-for-profit, financial, legal, real estate, health, education/academic, entertainment, fine arts, unsung heroes, trailblazers, first, and posthumous heroes. 100 Accomplished Black Canadian women were identified through a nomination and selection process with the goal of highlighting, documenting, acknowledging, and supporting their accomplishments as an incentive to women worldwide. Each of their stories reveals historical moments that will draw you into their world and path to success, despite a myriad of trials. These brave women never gave up, and the silver thread that runs through each story is an example of hope, inspiration, determination, belief in the outcome, and details of their honorable achievements.For more details about the co-authors and these amazing 100 women, we welcome you to visit the website www.100abcwomen.ca. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: The Black Church Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 2021-02-16 The instant New York Times bestseller and companion book to the PBS series. “Absolutely brilliant . . . A necessary and moving work.” —Eddie S. Glaude, Jr., author of Begin Again “Engaging. . . . In Gates’s telling, the Black church shines bright even as the nation itself moves uncertainly through the gloaming, seeking justice on earth—as it is in heaven.” —Jon Meacham, New York Times Book Review From the New York Times bestselling author of Stony the Road and The Black Box, and one of our most important voices on the African American experience, comes a powerful new history of the Black church as a foundation of Black life and a driving force in the larger freedom struggle in America. For the young Henry Louis Gates, Jr., growing up in a small, residentially segregated West Virginia town, the church was a center of gravity—an intimate place where voices rose up in song and neighbors gathered to celebrate life's blessings and offer comfort amid its trials and tribulations. In this tender and expansive reckoning with the meaning of the Black Church in America, Gates takes us on a journey spanning more than five centuries, from the intersection of Christianity and the transatlantic slave trade to today’s political landscape. At road’s end, and after Gates’s distinctive meditation on the churches of his childhood, we emerge with a new understanding of the importance of African American religion to the larger national narrative—as a center of resistance to slavery and white supremacy, as a magnet for political mobilization, as an incubator of musical and oratorical talent that would transform the culture, and as a crucible for working through the Black community’s most critical personal and social issues. In a country that has historically afforded its citizens from the African diaspora tragically few safe spaces, the Black Church has always been more than a sanctuary. This fact was never lost on white supremacists: from the earliest days of slavery, when enslaved people were allowed to worship at all, their meetinghouses were subject to surveillance and destruction. Long after slavery’s formal eradication, church burnings and bombings by anti-Black racists continued, a hallmark of the violent effort to suppress the African American struggle for equality. The past often isn’t even past—Dylann Roof committed his slaughter in the Mother Emanuel AME Church 193 years after it was first burned down by white citizens of Charleston, South Carolina, following a thwarted slave rebellion. But as Gates brilliantly shows, the Black church has never been only one thing. Its story lies at the heart of the Black political struggle, and it has produced many of the Black community’s most notable leaders. At the same time, some churches and denominations have eschewed political engagement and exemplified practices of exclusion and intolerance that have caused polarization and pain. Those tensions remain today, as a rising generation demands freedom and dignity for all within and beyond their communities, regardless of race, sex, or gender. Still, as a source of faith and refuge, spiritual sustenance and struggle against society’s darkest forces, the Black Church has been central, as this enthralling history makes vividly clear. |
| 2023 black history month theme black resistance: Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, 1968 A fireman in charge of burning books meets a revolutionary school teacher who dares to read. Depicts a future world in which all printed reading material is burned. |
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