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3D Metal Printing Technology: A Comprehensive Overview
Author: Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD in Materials Science and Engineering with 10 years of experience in additive manufacturing research and development at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Publisher: Springer Nature, a leading global scientific publisher with extensive expertise in materials science and engineering.
Editor: Dr. David Chen, PhD in Mechanical Engineering, specializing in additive manufacturing processes and applications, with over 15 years of experience in the field.
Keywords: 3D metal printing technology, additive manufacturing, metal AM, powder bed fusion, directed energy deposition, binder jetting, electron beam melting, selective laser melting, laser powder bed fusion, metal 3D printing applications, 3D printing metals, AM challenges, future of 3D metal printing.
Introduction:
3D metal printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing (AM) of metals, is revolutionizing various industries. This innovative technology enables the creation of complex metal parts directly from a digital 3D model, offering unparalleled design freedom and efficiency compared to traditional subtractive manufacturing methods. This article delves into the intricacies of 3D metal printing technology, exploring diverse methodologies, applications, and future prospects.
1. Core Methodologies of 3D Metal Printing Technology:
Several distinct methodologies constitute the foundation of 3D metal printing technology. Each approach employs unique principles to fabricate metal parts layer by layer. The most prominent techniques include:
1.1 Powder Bed Fusion (PBF):
This prominent category within 3D metal printing technology uses a high-powered energy source to selectively melt and fuse powdered metal. Two prevalent variations exist:
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) / Selective Laser Sintering (SLS): A laser scans a powder bed, melting the metal powder layer by layer according to the 3D model. SLM focuses on melting the powder completely, while SLS uses a lower energy input to sinter (fuse) the powder particles. This 3D metal printing technology is known for its high precision and excellent surface finish.
Electron Beam Melting (EBM): Instead of a laser, EBM utilizes an electron beam to melt and fuse the metal powder. EBM excels in processing high-reactivity metals like titanium, offering superior mechanical properties and density compared to SLM in certain applications. This 3D metal printing technology operates in a vacuum environment to prevent oxidation.
1.2 Directed Energy Deposition (DED):
Unlike PBF, DED techniques deposit molten metal directly onto a substrate. This 3D metal printing technology offers advantages in terms of part size and scalability. Common DED methods include:
Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS): A high-powered laser melts and deposits a stream of metal powder onto the build platform, layer by layer.
Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (EBAM): Similar to LENS but employing an electron beam as the energy source, EBAM is particularly suited for large-scale metal part production.
1.3 Binder Jetting:
This method uses a liquid binder to selectively bind metal powder particles, forming a three-dimensional structure. The unbound powder is then removed, and the structure is sintered in a furnace to achieve the final metal part. Binder jetting 3D metal printing technology offers high throughput and is cost-effective for large-volume production.
2. Materials Used in 3D Metal Printing Technology:
The range of printable metals is continually expanding, with common materials including:
Titanium alloys: Primarily used in aerospace and medical applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and biocompatibility.
Stainless steel: A versatile choice for various industrial applications, offering good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
Aluminum alloys: Light and strong, ideal for automotive and aerospace industries.
Nickel-based superalloys: Used in high-temperature applications, such as gas turbine blades.
Cobalt-chromium alloys: Often chosen for biomedical implants due to their biocompatibility and high strength.
3. Applications of 3D Metal Printing Technology:
The versatility of 3D metal printing technology has opened doors for a wide array of applications:
Aerospace: Creating lightweight and high-strength components for aircraft and spacecraft.
Automotive: Producing complex engine parts, tooling, and customized components.
Medical: Manufacturing personalized implants, surgical tools, and dental prosthetics.
Energy: Developing efficient components for turbines, fuel cells, and other energy systems.
Tooling and Manufacturing: Creating customized tooling, jigs, and fixtures, leading to faster prototyping and production cycles.
4. Challenges and Future Directions of 3D Metal Printing Technology:
Despite its remarkable progress, 3D metal printing technology still faces challenges:
Cost: The initial investment in equipment and materials can be substantial.
Scalability: Scaling up production to meet high-volume demands remains a challenge for certain techniques.
Post-processing: Debinding, sintering, and finishing operations can add complexity and cost.
Material properties: Achieving consistent and reliable material properties across different parts requires further research.
Future developments will likely focus on:
Improved material selection and properties.
Increased speed and scalability of the printing process.
Enhanced process control and monitoring.
Development of new alloys and materials tailored to AM.
Integration of AI and machine learning for process optimization.
Conclusion:
3D metal printing technology is transforming manufacturing across diverse industries. While challenges remain, ongoing advancements in materials, processes, and software are rapidly expanding the capabilities and applications of this revolutionary technology. The future of 3D metal printing looks bright, promising even more efficient, customized, and sustainable manufacturing processes.
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between SLM and EBM? SLM uses a laser, while EBM uses an electron beam as the energy source. EBM is better suited for high-reactivity metals and operates in a vacuum.
2. What are the main advantages of 3D metal printing? Design freedom, reduced lead times, lightweighting possibilities, and the ability to create complex geometries.
3. What are the limitations of 3D metal printing? Higher initial investment costs, potential for surface imperfections, and limitations in material selection.
4. What types of metals can be 3D printed? Titanium alloys, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, and cobalt-chromium alloys are commonly used.
5. What are the typical applications of 3D printed metal parts? Aerospace components, medical implants, automotive parts, and tooling.
6. How does powder bed fusion work? A high-powered energy source melts and fuses metal powder layer by layer according to a 3D model.
7. What is directed energy deposition? Molten metal is deposited directly onto a substrate, layer by layer, creating the part.
8. What is the role of post-processing in 3D metal printing? Post-processing steps like heat treatment and surface finishing are crucial to achieve the desired mechanical properties and surface finish.
9. What is the future of 3D metal printing technology? Continued advancements in materials, processes, and software, leading to wider adoption and more diverse applications.
Related Articles:
1. "The Impact of 3D Metal Printing on Aerospace Manufacturing": This article explores the significant role of 3D metal printing technology in the aerospace industry, focusing on lightweighting, performance enhancement, and reduced production costs.
2. "Advances in Laser Powder Bed Fusion for High-Strength Metals": This article provides a detailed review of the latest advancements in SLM technology, highlighting improvements in laser parameters, powder bed control, and material properties.
3. "Biocompatibility and Applications of 3D Printed Metal Implants": This article delves into the use of 3D metal printing in medical applications, focusing on the biocompatibility of various materials and the creation of patient-specific implants.
4. "Cost-Effective Strategies for 3D Metal Printing Production": This article examines strategies for reducing the cost of 3D metal printing, including optimizing processes, utilizing lower-cost materials, and improving efficiency.
5. "The Role of AI in Optimizing 3D Metal Printing Processes": This article discusses the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in improving the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of 3D metal printing.
6. "A Comparison of Different 3D Metal Printing Technologies": This article provides a comparative analysis of various 3D metal printing techniques, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and suitable applications.
7. "Challenges and Opportunities in Scaling Up 3D Metal Printing": This article addresses the challenges related to scaling up 3D metal printing for mass production, outlining potential solutions and future directions.
8. "Sustainable Practices in 3D Metal Printing": This article explores the environmental impact of 3D metal printing and discusses strategies for promoting sustainable manufacturing practices.
9. "The Future of 3D Metal Printing: Emerging Trends and Innovations": This article provides an outlook on future trends and innovations in 3D metal printing technology, focusing on potential breakthroughs and their implications for various industries.
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| 3d metal printing technology: Manufacturing Process Selection Handbook K. G. Swift, J. D. Booker, 2013-02-15 Manufacturing Process Selection Handbook provides engineers and designers with process knowledge and the essential technological and cost data to guide the selection of manufacturing processes early in the product development cycle. Building on content from the authors' earlier introductory Process Selection guide, this expanded handbook begins with the challenges and benefits of identifying manufacturing processes in the design phase and appropriate strategies for process selection. The bulk of the book is then dedicated to concise coverage of different manufacturing processes, providing a quick reference guide for easy comparison and informed decision making. For each process examined, the book considers key factors driving selection decisions, including: - Basic process descriptions with simple diagrams to illustrate - Notes on material suitability - Notes on available process variations - Economic considerations such as costs and production rates - Typical applications and product examples - Notes on design aspects and quality issues Providing a quick and effective reference for the informed selection of manufacturing processes with suitable characteristics and capabilities, Manufacturing Process Selection Handbook is intended to quickly develop or refresh your experience of selecting optimal processes and costing design alternatives in the context of concurrent engineering. It is an ideal reference for those working in mechanical design across a variety of industries and a valuable learning resource for advanced students undertaking design modules and projects as part of broader engineering programs. - Provides manufacturing process information maps (PRIMAs) provide detailed information on the characteristics and capabilities of 65 processes in a standard format - Includes process capability charts detailing the processing tolerance ranges for key material types - Offers detailed methods for estimating costs, both at the component and assembly level |
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| 3d metal printing technology: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing Technologies L. Jyothish Kumar, Pulak M. Pandey, David Ian Wimpenny, 2018-06-07 This book presents a selection of papers on advanced technologies for 3D printing and additive manufacturing, and demonstrates how these technologies have changed the face of direct, digital technologies for the rapid production of models, prototypes and patterns. Because of their wide range of applications, 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies have sparked a powerful new industrial revolution in the field of manufacturing. The evolution of 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies has changed design, engineering and manufacturing processes across such diverse industries as consumer products, aerospace, medical devices and automotive engineering. This book will help designers, R&D personnel, and practicing engineers grasp the latest developments in the field of 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. |
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| 3d metal printing technology: Metal, Ceramic and Composite Materials Christian Coddet, 2015-05-06 Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2015 International Conference on Metal, Ceramic and Composite Materials (ICMCCM-2015), January 24-25, 2015, Shanghai, China |
| 3d metal printing technology: Laser Additive Manufacturing Milan Brandt, 2016-09-01 Laser Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Design, Technologies, and Applications provides the latest information on this highly efficient method of layer-based manufacturing using metals, plastics, or composite materials. The technology is particularly suitable for the production of complex components with high precision for a range of industries, including aerospace, automotive, and medical engineering. This book provides a comprehensive review of the technology and its range of applications. Part One looks at materials suitable for laser AM processes, with Part Two discussing design strategies for AM. Parts Three and Four review the most widely-used AM technique, powder bed fusion (PBF) and discuss other AM techniques, such as directed energy deposition, sheet lamination, jetting techniques, extrusion techniques, and vat photopolymerization. The final section explores the range of applications of laser AM. - Provides a comprehensive one-volume overview of advances in laser additive manufacturing - Presents detailed coverage of the latest techniques used for laser additive manufacturing - Reviews both established and emerging areas of application |
| 3d metal printing technology: Additive Manufacturing of Metals: The Technology, Materials, Design and Production Li Yang, Keng Hsu, Brian Baughman, Donald Godfrey, Francisco Medina, Mamballykalathil Menon, Soeren Wiener, 2017-05-11 This book offers a unique guide to the three-dimensional (3D) printing of metals. It covers various aspects of additive, subtractive, and joining processes used to form three-dimensional parts with applications ranging from prototyping to production. Examining a variety of manufacturing technologies and their ability to produce both prototypes and functional production-quality parts, the individual chapters address metal components and discuss some of the important research challenges associated with the use of these technologies. As well as exploring the latest technologies currently under development, the book features unique sections on electron beam melting technology, material lifting, and the importance this science has in the engineering context. Presenting unique real-life case studies from industry, this book is also the first to offer the perspective of engineers who work in the field of aerospace and transportation systems, and who design components and manufacturing networks. Written by the leading experts in this field at universities and in industry, it provides a comprehensive textbook for students and an invaluable guide for practitioners |
| 3d metal printing technology: Standards, Quality Control, and Measurement Sciences in 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing Chee Kai Chua, Chee How Wong, Wai Yee Yeong, 2017-06-03 Standards, Quality Control and Measurement Sciences in 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing addresses the critical elements of the standards and measurement sciences in 3D printing to help readers design and create safe, reliable products of high quality. With 3D printing revolutionizing the process of manufacturing in a wide range of products, the book takes key features into account, such as design and fabrication and the current state and future potentials and opportunities in the field. In addition, the book provides an in-depth analysis on the importance of standards and measurement sciences. With self-test exercises at the end of each chapter, readers can improve their ability to take up challenges and become proficient in a number of topics related to 3D printing, including software usage, materials specification and benchmarking. - Helps the reader understand the quality framework tailored for 3D printing processes - Explains data format and process control in 3D printing - Provides an overview of different materials and characterization methods - Covers benchmarking and metrology for 3D printing |
| 3d metal printing technology: Metal Additive Manufacturing Dyuti Sarker, Ehsan Toyserkani, Osezua Obehi Ibhadode, Farzad Liravi, Paola Russo, Katayoon Taherkhani, 2021-10-26 METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING A comprehensive review of additive manufacturing processes for metallic structures Additive Manufacturing (AM)—also commonly referred to as 3D printing—builds three-dimensional objects by adding materials layer by layer. Recent years have seen unprecedented investment in additive manufacturing research and development by governments and corporations worldwide. This technology has the potential to replace many conventional manufacturing processes, enable the development of new industry practices, and transform the entire manufacturing enterprise. Metal Additive Manufacturing provides an up-to-date review of all essential physics of metal additive manufacturing techniques with emphasis on both laser-based and non-laser-based additive manufacturing processes. This comprehensive volume covers fundamental processes and equipment, governing physics and modelling, design and topology optimization, and more. The text adresses introductory, intermediate, and advanced topics ranging from basic additive manufacturing process classification to practical and material design aspects of additive manufacturability. Written by a panel of expert authors in the field, this authoritative resource: Provides a thorough analysis of AM processes and their theoretical foundations Explains the classification, advantages, and applications of AM processes Describes the equipment required for different AM processes for metallic structures, including laser technologies, positioning devices, feeder and spreader mechanisms, and CAD software Discusses the opportunities, challenges, and current and emerging trends within the field Covers practical considerations, including design for AM, safety, quality assurance, automation, and real-time control of AM processes Includes illustrative cases studies and numerous figures and tables Featuring material drawn from the lead author’s research and professional experience on laser additive manufacturing, Metal Additive Manufacturing is an important source for manufacturing professionals, research and development engineers in the additive industry, and students and researchers involved in mechanical, mechatronics, automatic control, and materials engineering and science. |
| 3d metal printing technology: Mastering 3D Printing Joan Horvath, Rich Cameron, 2020-05-30 Get the most out of your printer, including how to design models, choose materials, work with different printers, and integrate 3D printing with traditional prototyping to make techniques like sand casting more efficient.This book is for new 3D printer owners, makers of all kinds, entrepreneurs, technology educators, and anyone curious about what you can do with a 3D printer. In this revised and expanded new edition of Mastering 3D Printing, which has been a trusted resource through five years of evolution in the 3D printing industry, you’ll gain a comprehensive understanding of 3D printing. This book presumes no foreknowledge and describes what you need to know about how printers work, how to decide which type of printer (filament, resin, or powder) makes the most sense for you, and then how to go forward in the case of filament and resin printers. This new edition now includes material about consumer resin printing, the evolution of lower-cost metal printing, and the plethora of both materials and applications. What You’ll LearnChoose among the different 3D printing technologiesCreate or find 3D models to printMake both easy and challenging prints come out as you imaginedAssess whether your business, factory, home or classroom will benefit from 3D printingWork with applications that are good candidates for first projects in home and industrial applications Who This Book Is For People who are encountering 3D printing for the first time, or for those who want to level up their skills. It is designed for the nontechnical adult and minimizes jargon. However more sophisticated users will still find tips and insights of value. |
| 3d metal printing technology: 3D Printing Dragan Cvetković, 2018-10-10 This book, 3D Printing, is divided into two parts: the first part is devoted to the relationship between 3D printing and engineering, and the second part shows the impact of 3D printing on the medical sector in general. There are five sections in the first part (sections are dedicated to stereolithography, new techniques of high-resolution 3D printing, application of 3D printers in architecture and civil engineering, the additive production with the metal components and the management of production by using previously mentioned technology in more complex ways). There are four chapters in the second part with the following topics: education of medical staff through surgical simulations, tissue engineering and potential applications of 3D printing in ophthalmology and orthopedics. |
| 3d metal printing technology: Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement Management Association, Information Resources, 2020-12-18 Along with the introduction of technology in nearly every facet of human life comes the question of the ethical side of using technology to improve the human condition, whether that be physically or mentally. The capabilities of human enhancement technologies have created a dual-sided approach to discussing human enhancement: the critical approach of attempting to reach human perfection and the ethics within that idea and the endless capabilities of technology that have greatly impacted the medical field. It is essential to discuss both aspects within these emerging technologies, whether as separate entities or as cohesive units. Ranging from disease detection and treatment to implants and prosthetics to robotics and genetic engineering, human enhancement technologies are widespread and multi-purposed. By going beyond the capabilities of human hands, these technologies have propelled modern medicine and healthcare to new levels that have allowed humans to face new treatments or assistive technologies not seen before. The Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement covers the primary technologies and tools being used in medicine and healthcare along with discussions on the ethics of enhancing the human body. Topics covered include prosthetics and implants, robotics, human disorders/diseases and treatments and smart technologies, along with law and theory. This publication serves as a valuable reference work for doctors, medical professionals, researchers, students, professionals, and practitioners involved in fields that include ethics, medicine, computer science, robotics, genetics, assistive technologies, nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, and biotechnology. |
| 3d metal printing technology: 3D Printing for the Radiologist, E-Book Nicole Wake, 2021-05-27 Comprehensive, yet concise, 3D Printing for the Radiologist presents an overview of three-dimensional printing at the point of care. Focusing on opportunities and challenges in radiology practice, this up-to-date reference covers computer-aided design principles, quality assurance, training, and guidance for integrating 3D printing across radiology subspecialties. Practicing and trainee radiologists, surgeons, researchers, and imaging specialists will find this an indispensable resource for furthering their understanding of the current state and future outlooks for 3D printing in clinical medicine. - Covers a wide range of topics, including basic principles of 3D printing, quality assurance, regulatory perspectives, and practical implementation in medical training and practice. - Addresses the challenges associated with 3D printing integration in clinical settings, such as reimbursement, regulatory issues, and training. - Features concise chapters from a team of multidisciplinary chapter authors, including practicing radiologists, researchers, and engineers. - Consolidates today's available information on this timely topic into a single, convenient, resource. |
| 3d metal printing technology: Lasers in 3D Printing and Manufacturing Chee Kai Chua, Vadakke Matham Murukeshan, Young-Jin Kim, 2016-05-31 This book covers the basics of lasers, optics and materials used for manufacturing and 3D printing. It includes several case studies for readers to apply their understanding of the topics, provide sufficient theoretical background and insights to today's key laser-assisted AM processes and conclude with the future prospects of this exciting technology. |
| 3d metal printing technology: Mastering 3D Printing Joan Horvath, 2014-09-18 Mastering 3D Printing shows you how to get the most out of your printer, including how to design models, choose materials, work with different printers, and integrate 3D printing with traditional prototyping to make techniques like sand casting more efficient. You've printed key chains. You've printed simple toys. Now you're ready to innovate with your 3D printer to start a business or teach and inspire others. Joan Horvath has been an educator, engineer, author, and startup 3D printing company team member. She shows you all of the technical details you need to know to go beyond simple model printing to make your 3D printer work for you as a prototyping device, a teaching tool, or a business machine. |
| 3d metal printing technology: 3d Printing Christopher Barnatt, 2016-11-09 3d printing continues to advance, and will increasingly facilitate low-run, customized, on-demand and material-efficient manufacturing. Already 3D printed metal and plastic parts are being fitted into products that range from jet engines to medical devices and personalized shoes. Next generation 3D printing processes are also being developed, while the convergence of 3D printing with other technologies presents significant opportunities for localization and more sustainable production methods. The 3D printing industry is indeed in a state of radical transition as it evolves from selling niche rapid prototyping equipment, to supplying cutting-edge digital manufacturing systems.--Provided by publisher |
| 3d metal printing technology: Advances in Materials Processing and Manufacturing Applications Amar Patnaik, Ernst Kozeschnik, Vikas Kukshal, 2022-06-24 This book presents selected papers from the International Conference on Advances in Materials Processing and Manufacturing Applications (iCADMA 2020), held on November 5–6, 2020, at Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India. iCADMA 2020 proceedings is divided into four topical tracks – Advanced Materials, Materials Manufacturing and Processing, Engineering Optimization and Sustainable Development, and Tribology for Industrial Application. |
| 3d metal printing technology: 3D Printing of Non-Metallic Materials Robert J. Lancaster, Alessandro Fortunato, Stanislav Kolisnychenko, 2021-01-20 Aggregated Book |
| 3d metal printing technology: 3D and 4D Printing of Polymer Nanocomposite Materials Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Kalim Deshmukh, Mariam AlAli AlMaadeed, 2019-10-11 3D and 4D Printing of Polymer Nanocomposite Materials: Processing, Applications, and Challenges covers advanced 3D and 4D printing processes and the latest developments in novel polymer-based printing materials, thus enabling the reader to understand and benefit from the advantages of this groundbreaking technology. The book presents processes, materials selection, and printability issues, along with sections on the preparation of polymer composite materials for 3D and 4D printing. Across the book, advanced printing techniques are covered and discussed thoroughly, including fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), inkjet 3D printing (3DP), stereolithography (SLA), and 3D plotting. Finally, major applications areas are discussed, including electronic, aerospace, construction and biomedical applications, with detailed information on the design, fabrication and processing methods required in each case. - Provides a thorough, clear understanding of polymer preparation techniques and 3D and 4D printing processes, with a view to specific applications - Examines synthesis, formation methodology, the dispersion of fillers, characterization, properties, and performance of polymer nanocomposites - Explores the possibilities of 4D printing, covering the usage of stimuli responsive hydrogels and shape memory polymers |
| 3d metal printing technology: 3D Printing with Biomaterials A.J.M. van Wijk, I. van Wijk, 2015-01-15 Additive manufacturing or 3D printing, manufacturing a product layer by layer, offers large design freedom and faster product development cycles, as well as low startup cost of production, on-demand production and local production. In principle, any product could be made by additive manufacturing. Even food and living organic cells can be printed. We can create, design and manufacture what we want at the location we want. 3D printing will create a revolution in manufacturing, a real paradigm change. 3D printing holds the promise to manufacture with less waste and energy. We can print metals, ceramics, sand, synthetic materials such as plastics, food or living cells. However, the production of plastics is nowadays based on fossil fuels. And that’s where we witness a paradigm change too. The production of these synthetic materials can be based also on biomaterials with biomass as feedstock. A wealth of new and innovative products are emerging when we combine these two paradigm changes: 3D printing and biomaterials. Moreover, the combination of 3D printing with biomaterials holds the promise to realize a truly sustainable and circular economy. |
| 3d metal printing technology: Additive Manufacturing Technologies Ian Gibson, David Rosen, Brent Stucker, Mahyar Khorasani, 2020-11-10 This textbook covers in detail digitally-driven methods for adding materials together to form parts. A conceptual overview of additive manufacturing is given, beginning with the fundamentals so that readers can get up to speed quickly. Well-established and emerging applications such as rapid prototyping, micro-scale manufacturing, medical applications, aerospace manufacturing, rapid tooling and direct digital manufacturing are also discussed. This book provides a comprehensive overview of additive manufacturing technologies as well as relevant supporting technologies such as software systems, vacuum casting, investment casting, plating, infiltration and other systems. Reflects recent developments and trends and adheres to the ASTM, SI and other standards; Includes chapters on topics that span the entire AM value chain, including process selection, software, post-processing, industrial drivers for AM, and more; Provides a broad range of technical questions to ensure comprehensive understanding of the concepts covered. |
| 3d metal printing technology: Light Weight Materials Kaushik Kumar, Bathini Sridhar Babu, J. Paulo Davim, 2021-12-20 In the automotive and aerospace industries, the need for strong yet light materials has given rise to extensive research into aluminum and magnesium alloys and formable titanium alloys. All of these are categorized as light weight materials. The distinguishing feature of light weight materials is that they are low density, but they have a wide range of properties and, as a result, a wide range of applications. This book provides researchers and students with an overview of the recent advancements in light weight material processing, manufacturing and characterization. It contains chapters by eminent researchers on topics associated with light weight materials, including on the current buzzword “composite materials”. First, this book describes the current status of light weight materials. Then, it studies applications of these materials, given that, as the densities vary, so do the applications, ranging from automobiles and aviation to bio-mechatronics. This book will therefore serve as an excellent guide to this field. |
| 3d metal printing technology: Practical Process Validation Mark Allen Durivage, Bob (Bhavan) Mehta, 2016-07-14 For the past decade, process validation issues ranked within the top six of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) form 483 observation findings issued each year. This poses a substantial problem for the medical device industry and is the reason why the authors wanted to write this book. The authors will share their collective knowledge: to help organizations improve patient safety and increase profitability while maintaining a state of compliance with regulations and standards. The intent of this book is to provide manufacturing quality professionals working in virtually any industry a quick, convenient, and comprehensive guide to properly conduct process validations that meet regulatory and certification requirements. It will aid quality technicians, engineers, managers, and others that need to plan, conduct, and monitor validation activities. |
| 3d metal printing technology: 3D Printing Projects DK, 2017-10-03 From a simple desk tidy to an elaborate castle, this step-by-step guide to 3D printing is perfect for children and beginners who want to learn how to design and print anything even if they do not own a printer. 3D Printing Projects provides an introduction to the exciting and ever-expanding world of 3D designing and printing. Learn how a 3D printer works and the different types of 3D printers on the market. Understand the basic 3D printing and designing terms, how to create and prepare files for printing, and also how to scan things to create a 3D model! You will also find out the common troubles faced while 3D printing and simple tricks to fix them. All the projects included in the book can be made using freely available online 3D modeling/CAD programs. Each project has a print time, details of filament or material needed, and a difficulty rating - from easy for beginners to difficult for those looking for a new challenge. Step-by-step instructions walk you through the 3D design process, from digital modeling and sculpting to slicing, printing, and painting so that children can make their own shark-shaped phone stand, customized lamps, and much more. The book also gives inspiration to further enhance your projects once you've mastered the basics. Join the 3D printing revolution today with DK's 3D Printing Projects book. |
| 3d metal printing technology: 3D Printing of Metals Manoj Gupta, 2018-07-02 This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue 3D Printing of Metals that was published in Metals |
| 3d metal printing technology: Metal Micro-Droplet Based 3D Printing Technology Lehua Qi, Jun Luo, He Shen, Hongcheng Lian, 2023-05-04 This book introduces a unique 3D printing method that prints metal parts by ejecting metal micro-droplets: a low-cost, contactless, and environmentally friendly 3D printing technology. This book follows a deductive approach to describe the fundamentals of metal droplet-based 3D printing and reveal the relationships and unique features among multiple specific techniques used in droplet-based 3D printing. It starts with a general description of the principles and techniques involved in this technology and then focuses on the details of several specific metal droplet-ejection methods. Next, it puts forward various specific 3D printing techniques and illustrates their applications. This book is a valuable reference for scholars and researchers who work on metal 3D printing and other related areas. It is also used as a textbook for college graduate courses in mechanical manufacturing and material processing. |
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Download millions of 3D models and files for your 3D printer, laser cutter, or CNC. From custom parts to unique designs, you can …
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