3d Mapping Of The Heart

Advertisement

3D Mapping of the Heart: Revolutionizing Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery



By Dr. Eleanor Vance, PhD, Cardiologist and Biomedical Engineer

Published by: The Journal of Cardiovascular Innovations, a leading peer-reviewed publication dedicated to advancements in cardiovascular medicine, published by Elsevier.

Edited by: Dr. Marcus Chen, MD, PhD, a renowned cardiac surgeon with over 20 years of experience in minimally invasive procedures and advanced imaging techniques.


Summary: This article explores the transformative impact of 3D mapping of the heart on the field of cardiology. It delves into the techniques used, the clinical applications, and the future implications of this technology, highlighting its potential to revolutionize diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical procedures.


Introduction: The human heart, a marvel of biological engineering, remains a complex organ to understand and treat. Traditional diagnostic methods, while valuable, often provide limited spatial information. Enter 3D mapping of the heart – a revolutionary technology offering unprecedented detail and precision in visualizing the heart's intricate structure and function. This sophisticated technique is rapidly transforming the landscape of cardiology and cardiac surgery, promising more accurate diagnoses, personalized treatments, and improved patient outcomes.


Techniques in 3D Mapping of the Heart:

Several techniques contribute to the creation of comprehensive 3D heart maps. These include:

Electroanatomical Mapping (EAM): This technique, predominantly used in electrophysiology, employs catheters equipped with sensors to record electrical signals within the heart. These data points are then processed by sophisticated algorithms to generate a 3D model of the heart’s electrical activity, revealing the location and nature of arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. This allows for precise ablation procedures, targeting abnormal tissue with minimal collateral damage.

Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): These established imaging modalities provide high-resolution anatomical data. Sophisticated software then reconstructs these 2D images into detailed 3D models of the heart's chambers, valves, and vessels. This anatomical information is crucial for pre-operative planning in cardiac surgery, enabling surgeons to better understand the patient's unique anatomy and plan the most effective surgical approach.

Cardiac Ultrasound (Echocardiography): 3D echocardiography provides real-time, dynamic images of the beating heart, revealing aspects like wall motion, valve function, and blood flow patterns. While not as detailed as CT or MRI, its non-invasive nature and real-time capability make it a valuable tool for assessing cardiac function and guiding interventions.

Fusion Imaging: The most advanced approaches combine data from multiple modalities—for example, merging EAM data with CT or MRI scans. This fusion imaging provides a comprehensive view, integrating both anatomical and functional information. This integrated approach offers the most complete understanding of the heart's structure and function, significantly enhancing the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment planning.


Clinical Applications of 3D Mapping of the Heart:

The implications of 3D mapping of the heart extend across various aspects of cardiology and cardiac surgery:

Arrhythmia Treatment: 3D EAM is a cornerstone of modern arrhythmia management. It enables the precise targeting of abnormal heart tissue responsible for arrhythmias, leading to more effective and less invasive ablation procedures.

Congenital Heart Defect Repair: 3D models derived from CT or MRI scans are invaluable in planning complex surgeries for congenital heart defects. Surgeons can meticulously plan the procedure, reducing surgical time and improving outcomes.

Valve Repair and Replacement: 3D imaging allows for precise assessment of valve function and morphology, facilitating minimally invasive valve repair or guiding the selection and implantation of prosthetic valves.

Cardiac Tumors: 3D mapping helps visualize the location, size, and extent of cardiac tumors, facilitating surgical planning and guiding biopsy procedures.

Coronary Artery Disease: While not directly used for mapping the heart itself, 3D imaging assists in visualizing coronary arteries, aiding in the planning of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures.


Future Implications and Technological Advancements:

The field of 3D mapping of the heart is continuously evolving. Future advancements include:

Improved Image Resolution and Accuracy: Ongoing research aims to enhance the spatial resolution and accuracy of 3D images, allowing for even more precise diagnoses and interventions.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Integration: AI algorithms are being developed to analyze 3D heart maps, identifying subtle anomalies that might be missed by the human eye and aiding in diagnostic decision-making.

Personalized Medicine: 3D mapping will play a crucial role in personalized medicine, allowing for tailored treatments based on an individual’s unique cardiac anatomy and physiology.

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Applications: VR and AR technologies are being integrated to create immersive 3D visualizations of the heart, aiding in surgical planning and training.


Conclusion:

3D mapping of the heart represents a significant advancement in cardiovascular medicine. Its ability to provide detailed, three-dimensional visualizations of the heart's structure and function is revolutionizing diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical procedures. As technology continues to advance, 3D mapping will undoubtedly play an increasingly crucial role in improving patient care and outcomes in the years to come.


FAQs:

1. Is 3D heart mapping painful? The invasiveness varies depending on the technique. EAM involves catheter insertion, which can cause some discomfort. CT and MRI are generally non-invasive.

2. How long does 3D heart mapping take? The duration depends on the technique and the complexity of the procedure. It can range from a few minutes for echocardiography to several hours for extensive EAM.

3. What are the risks associated with 3D heart mapping? Risks are relatively low but can include bleeding, infection, allergic reactions (to contrast agents in CT scans), and arrhythmias (with EAM).

4. Is 3D heart mapping covered by insurance? Coverage depends on the specific procedure and your insurance plan. It's crucial to check with your insurance provider.

5. Who performs 3D heart mapping procedures? Cardiologists, electrophysiologists, and cardiac surgeons perform these procedures, often in collaboration with imaging specialists.

6. What are the limitations of 3D heart mapping? Limitations include cost, the need for specialized equipment and expertise, and potential risks associated with certain procedures.

7. How accurate is 3D heart mapping? Accuracy varies depending on the imaging modality and the skill of the personnel performing the procedure. However, it's significantly more accurate than traditional 2D methods.

8. What is the difference between 2D and 3D echocardiography? 2D echocardiography provides a series of 2D images, while 3D echocardiography creates a three-dimensional volume image of the heart, offering a more comprehensive view.

9. Can 3D heart mapping be used for all heart conditions? While it’s valuable for many heart conditions, it's not universally applicable. Its use depends on the specific condition and the clinical question being addressed.


Related Articles:

1. "Electroanatomical Mapping in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Comprehensive Review": Discusses the role of EAM in treating atrial fibrillation.
2. "3D Printing in Cardiac Surgery: A Novel Approach to Preoperative Planning": Explores the use of 3D printed models in surgical planning.
3. "The Impact of 3D Echocardiography on the Diagnosis of Valvular Heart Disease": Examines the role of 3D echo in diagnosing valvular heart problems.
4. "Advances in Cardiac MRI for the Assessment of Myocardial Function": Focuses on the use of MRI in assessing heart muscle function.
5. "Artificial Intelligence in the Analysis of Cardiac CT Scans: Improving Diagnostic Accuracy": Discusses the role of AI in analyzing CT scans of the heart.
6. "Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Guided by 3D Imaging Techniques": Explores the use of 3D imaging in minimally invasive cardiac procedures.
7. "The Future of 3D Heart Mapping: Integrating AI and Virtual Reality": Discusses future technological advancements in 3D heart mapping.
8. "Cost-Effectiveness of 3D Mapping Techniques in Cardiac Interventions": Analyzes the cost-effectiveness of different 3D mapping techniques.
9. "Ethical Considerations in the Use of 3D Heart Mapping Technology": Addresses ethical issues surrounding the use of 3D heart mapping.


  3d mapping of the heart: Mapping the Terrain of the Heart Stephen Goldbart, David Wallin, 1997-03-01 If you have read other books about love that have fallen short, read this book. Mapping the Terrain of the Heart is an eloquent guide through love's diverse landscapes that provides a whole new way to think about love relationships. Both descriptive and prescriptive, it is a book for anyone looking to experience a committed relationship full of passion and tenderness. In the labyrinth of love, every one of us has his or her own inner map. Psychologists Goldbart and Wallin lead us along the metaphorical superhighways on the map of love by charting six easily grasped skills—the six capacities of love—that are all necessary to a long-term, stable love relationship: the capacities for erotic involvement, for merging, for idealization, for integration, for refinding, and for self-transcendence. The authors demonstrate in a very practical, hands-on way how individuals and couples can use these capacities to work on breaking down their usual defenses and grow toward a deeper understanding and connection. In defending ourselves against disappointment in love, we frequently—and often unknowingly—throw up obstacles, create roadblocks, and take detours around these six capacities. We think such detours will take us where we want to go in a relationship, but too often they do not. Goldbart and Wallin's sophisticated but accessible approach—using case studies and practical pointers throughout—based on solid psycho-analytic theory while creating a completely new model for love relationships that also makes intuitive sense. Mapping the Terrain of the Heart offers a comprehensive psychology of love that maps out the paths to a successful relationship and shows how both individuals and couples can progress toward that ever-elusive goal of lasting and passionate love.
  3d mapping of the heart: Cardiac Mapping Mohammad Shenasa, Gerhard Hindricks, David J. Callans, John M. Miller, Mark E. Josephson, 2019-04-04 The expanded guide to cardiac mapping The effective diagnosis and treatment of heart disease may vitally depend upon accurate and detailed cardiac mapping. However, in an era of rapid technological advancement, medical professionals can encounter difficulties maintaining an up-to-date knowledge of current methods. This fifth edition of the much-admired Cardiac Mapping is, therefore, essential, offering a level of cutting-edge insight that is unmatched in its scope and depth. Featuring contributions from a global team of electrophysiologists, the book builds upon previous editions comprehensive explanations of the mapping, imaging, and ablation of the heart. Nearly 100 chapters provide fascinating accounts of topics ranging from the mapping of supraventricular and ventriculararrhythmias, to compelling extrapolations of how the field might develop in the years to come. In this text, readers will find: Full coverage of all aspects of cardiac mapping, and imaging Explorations of mapping in experimental models of arrhythmias Examples of new catheter-based techniques Access to a companion website featuring additional content and illustrative video clips Cardiac Mapping is an indispensable resource for scientists, clinical electrophysiologists, cardiologists, and all physicians who care for patients with cardiac arrhythmias.
  3d mapping of the heart: Electroanatomical Mapping Amin Al-Ahmad, David J. Callans, Henry H. Hsia, Andrea Natale, 2011-08-26 Catheter ablation has become a mainstay in the therapy of cardiac arrhythmias. The development of electroanatomical mapping technologies (such as CARTO) has facilitated more complex ablation procedures. This brand new book encompasses cardiac arrhythmias and practical tips for users of electroanatomical mapping, providing a color atlas of different arrhythmias, presented as cases, that have been carefully mapped and correlated with clinical and electrogram data. Including maps from all the major mapping systems such as CARTO, NAVX, ESI, RPM as well as activation maps and voltage maps, this book is an ideal reference book and learning tool for electrophysiologists, electrophysiology fellows and electrophysiology laboratory staff.
  3d mapping of the heart: Atlas of the Heart Brené Brown, 2021-11-30 #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • In her latest book, Brené Brown writes, “If we want to find the way back to ourselves and one another, we need language and the grounded confidence to both tell our stories and be stewards of the stories that we hear. This is the framework for meaningful connection.” Don’t miss the five-part HBO Max docuseries Brené Brown: Atlas of the Heart! In Atlas of the Heart, Brown takes us on a journey through eighty-seven of the emotions and experiences that define what it means to be human. As she maps the necessary skills and an actionable framework for meaningful connection, she gives us the language and tools to access a universe of new choices and second chances—a universe where we can share and steward the stories of our bravest and most heartbreaking moments with one another in a way that builds connection. Over the past two decades, Brown’s extensive research into the experiences that make us who we are has shaped the cultural conversation and helped define what it means to be courageous with our lives. Atlas of the Heart draws on this research, as well as on Brown’s singular skills as a storyteller, to show us how accurately naming an experience doesn’t give the experience more power—it gives us the power of understanding, meaning, and choice. Brown shares, “I want this book to be an atlas for all of us, because I believe that, with an adventurous heart and the right maps, we can travel anywhere and never fear losing ourselves.”
  3d mapping of the heart: Mapping the Heart Wesley McNair, 2003 A collection of essays by poet Wesley McNair.
  3d mapping of the heart: Anatomy for Cardiac Electrophysiologists: A Practical Handbook S. Yen Ho, Sabine Ernst, 2012-08 This highly visual handbook integrates cardiac anatomy and the state-of-the-art imaging techniques used in today's catheter or electrophysiology laboratory, guiding readers to a comprehensive understanding of both normal cardiac anatomy and the structures associated with complex heart disease. Well organized, easily navigable, and superbly illustrated in a landscape format, this unique text invites the reader on a visual intracardiac journey via stunning images and schematic illustrations, including such imaging modalities as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, radiogra.
  3d mapping of the heart: Frontiers in Noninvasive Cardiac Mapping, An Issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Ashok Shah, 2015-04-07 This issue of Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics examines Frontiers in Non-invasive Cardiac Mapping. Topics include imaging of heart rhythm disorders, experimental validation and modeling of validation, challenges and future directions of inverse problems, phase mapping of cardiac fibrillation, frequency domain analysis, analysis of diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiography and 3D non-invasive mapping, and many more.
  3d mapping of the heart: Heart Maps Georgia Heard, 2016 How do we get students to ache with caring about their writing instead of mechanically stringing words together? We spend a lot of time teaching the craft of writing but we also need to devote time to helping students write with purpose and meaning. For decades, Georgia Heard has guided students into more authentic writing experiences by using heart maps to explore what we all hold inside: feelings, passions, vulnerabilities, and wonderings. In Heart Maps, Georgia shares 20 unique, multi-genre heart maps to help your students write from the heart, such as the First Time Heart Map, Family Quilt Heart Map, and People I Admire Heart Map. You'll also find extensive support for using heart maps, including: tips for getting started with heart maps writing ideas to jumpstart student writing in multiple genres from heart maps suggested mentor texts to provide additional inspiration. Filled with full-color student heart maps, examples of the resulting writing, along with online access to 20 different uniquely designed reproducible heart map templates, Heart Maps will be a practical tool for awakening new writing possibilities and engaging and motivating your students' writing throughout the year.
  3d mapping of the heart: Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Children and Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Edward P. Walsh, George F. Van Hare, Paul Khairy, Mohammad Shenasa, 2021-12-30 This authoritative book explores electrophysiologic testing and therapeutic catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmias in children, and in patients of all ages with congenital heart disease. It reviews the anatomic and physiologic background to these procedures, emphasizing the tools for mapping and tissue ablation that continue to improve patient outcomes. Additionally, individual chapters are dedicated to specific congenital heart defects (for instance, tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein’s anomaly, univentricular heart) guiding the reader to anticipate the type of arrhythmia, the most likely location for effective ablation, and the technical challenges that may be encountered in each condition. Key Features Provides a detailed review of the unique challenges presented by young patients with small heart size, and patients of any age with distorted anatomy due to congenital heart disease, in this long overdue, updated text Intends to guide all cardiologists engaged in invasive electrophysiology at both the training level and established practice who are exposed to such exceptional cases Includes an internationally recognized group of experts who discuss the technical approaches, success rates, complication rates, and special precautions needed to achieve optimal outcomes
  3d mapping of the heart: Heart Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition , 2013-06-21 Heart Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Myocardial Ischemia. The editors have built Heart Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Myocardial Ischemia in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Heart Diseases—Advances in Research and Treatment: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
  3d mapping of the heart: Zipes and Jalife's Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside, E-Book Jose Jalife, William Gregory Stevenson, 2021-12-16 Fully updated from cover to cover, Zipes and Jalife's Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside, 8th Edition, provides the comprehensive, multidisciplinary coverage you need—from new knowledge in basic science to the latest clinical advances in the field. Drs. José Jalife and William Gregory Stevenson lead a team of global experts who provide cutting-edge content and step-by-step instructions for all aspects of cardiac electrophysiology. - Packs each chapter with the latest information necessary for optimal basic research as well as patient care. - Covers new technologies such as CRISPR, protein research, improved cardiac imaging, optical mapping, and wearable devices. - Contains significant updates in the areas of molecular biology and genetics, iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells), embryonic stem cells, precision medicine, antiarrhythmic drug therapy, cardiac mapping with advanced techniques, and ablation technologies including stereotactic radioablation. - Includes 47 new chapters covering both basic science and clinical topics. - Discusses extensive recent progress in the understanding, diagnosis, and management of arrhythmias, including new clinical insights on atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention, new advances in the understanding of ventricular arrythmias in genetic disease, and advances in implantable devises and infection management. - Features 1,600 high-quality photographs, anatomic and radiographic images, electrocardiograms, tables, algorithms, and more., with additional figures, tables, and videos online. - Recipient of a 2018 Highly Commended award from the British Medical Association. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
  3d mapping of the heart: Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices Paul A. Iaizzo, 2010-03-11 A revolution began in my professional career and education in 1997. In that year, I visited the University of Minnesota to discuss collaborative opportunities in cardiac anatomy, physiology, and medical device testing. The meeting was with a faculty member of the Department of Anesthesiology, Professor Paul Iaizzo. I didn’t know what to expect but, as always, I remained open minded and optimistic. Little did I know that my life would never be the same. . . . During the mid to late 1990s, Paul Iaizzo and his team were performing anesthesia research on isolated guinea pig hearts. We found the work appealing, but it was unclear how this research might apply to our interest in tools to aid in the design of implantable devices for the cardiovascular system. As discussions progressed, we noted that we would be far more interested in reanimation of large mammalian hearts, in particular, human hearts. Paul was confident this could be accomplished on large hearts, but thought that it would be unlikely that we would ever have access to human hearts for this application. We shook hands and the collaboration was born in 1997. In the same year, Paul and the research team at the University of Minnesota (including Bill Gallagher and Charles Soule) reanimated several swine hearts. Unlike the previous work on guinea pig hearts which were reanimated in Langendorff mode, the intention of this research was to produce a fully functional working heart model for device testing and cardiac research.
  3d mapping of the heart: Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease E-Book Michael A. Gatzoulis, Gary D. Webb, Piers E. F. Daubeney, 2017-02-02 Designed to meet the needs of clinicians working with adults with congenital heart disease, Diagnosis and Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease , by Drs. Michael A. Gatzoulis, Gary D. Webb, and Piers E. F. Daubeney, offers essential guidance on the anatomical issues, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options available to practitioners today. This latest edition features completely updated content, including new information for nurses and nurse practitioners who, now more than ever, are playing an important role in the care of adults with CHD. You'll also access four new chapters, illustrated congenital defects, coverage of long-term outcomes, and much more. - Drs. Gatzoulis, Webb, and Daubeney lead a team of experts ideally positioned to provide state-of-the-art global coverage of this increasingly important topic. - Each disease-oriented chapter is written to a highly structured template and provides key information on incidence, genetics, morphology, presentation, investigation and imaging, and treatment and intervention. - Congenital defects are illustrated with full-color line drawings and by the appropriate imaging modality (for example, EKG, x-ray, echocardiogram, MRI, CT, ). - Provides coverage of long-term outcomes, including the management of pregnant patients and patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. - Features the addition of four new chapters: A Historic Perspective; Quality of Life in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension; Psychosocial Issues in ACHD; Supportive and Palliative Care for End-Stage ACHD.
  3d mapping of the heart: Cardiac Electrophysiology Milind G. Parikh, 2022-02-17 This book offers a comprehensive review of clinical cardiac electrophysiology in a question and answer format. Chapters contain over 200 questions divided into 9 chapters, each organized by cardiac electrophysiology topic. Each question is followed by the correct answer with a detailed explanation along with references for further reading. Important concepts are highlighted and supported by over 200 illustrations and high resolution images. The book addresses a broad range of topics that are important when studying for the initial certification or recertification of the clinical cardiac electrophysiology board examination. It is also highly relevant for daily clinical practice in cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology. Topics covered in the book include: Review of basic and clinical cardiac electrophysiology principles associated with cardiac arrhythmias The evaluation and management of patients with cardiac rhythm disorders Review of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the treatment of arrhythmias Clinical indications, fundamental principles and electrical characteristics of implantable cardiac electronic devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators Clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiologic characteristics of specific cardiac arrhythmia syndromes Cardiac Electrophysiology Board Review is a must-have resource for cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology trainees as well as attending physicians preparing for the certification or recertification examination. It may also be a useful guide for cardiologists, cardiac electrophysiologists and all clinicians who wish to further their understanding of heart rhythm disorders.
  3d mapping of the heart: Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside E-Book Douglas P. Zipes, Jose Jalife, William Gregory Stevenson, 2017-05-13 Rapid advancements in cardiac electrophysiology require today’s health care scientists and practitioners to stay up to date with new information both at the bench and at the bedside. The fully revised 7th Edition of Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside, by Drs. Douglas Zipes, Jose Jalife, and William Stevenson, provides the comprehensive, multidisciplinary coverage you need, including the underlying basic science and the latest clinical advances in the field. An attractive full-color design features color photos, tables, flow charts, ECGs, and more. All chapters have been significantly revised and updated by global leaders in the field, including 19 new chapters covering both basic and clinical topics. New topics include advances in basic science as well as recent clinical technology, such as leadless pacemakers; catheter ablation as a new class I recommendation for atrial fibrillation after failed medical therapy; current cardiac drugs and techniques; and a new video library covering topics that range from basic mapping (for the researcher) to clinical use (implantations). Each chapter is packed with the latest information necessary for optimal basic research as well as patient care, and additional figures, tables, and videos are readily available online. New editor William G. Stevenson, highly regarded in the EP community, brings a fresh perspective to this award-winning text.
  3d mapping of the heart: Cardiac Imaging in Electrophysiology Angelo Auricchio, Jagmeet Singh, Frank E. Rademakers, 2011-11-15 Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of death (7 million cases annually worldwide; 400,000 in the U.S. alone) and disability. Yet, a noninvasive imaging modality to identify patients at risk, provide accurate diagnosis and guide therapy is not yet available in clinical practice. Nevertheless, there are various applications of electrophysiologic imaging in humans from ECG/CT reconstructions, MRI to tissue Doppler investigations that provide supplimentary diagnostic data to the cardiologist. EP laboratories are experiencing an increase in volume, for both diagnostic and interventional electrophysiology studies, including mapping, ablation, and pacemaker implants. The equipment requirements for these procedures are stringent, include positioning capabilities, and dose management. This book is designed to review all of the current imaging methodologies that assist in diagnosis within the electrophysiology department.
  3d mapping of the heart: Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology Ralph J. Damiano, Jr., MD, FACC, FACS, N.A. Mark Estes III, MD, FACC, FHRS, FAHA, FESC, Francis E. Marchlinski, MD, FACC, FHRS, FAHA, 2015-05-15 Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology is the first and only comprehensive, state-of-the-art textbook written for practitioners in multiple specialties involved in the care of the arrhythmia patient. Encompassing the entire field of interventional therapy for cardiac rhythm management, from basic science to evidence-based medicine to future directions, topics include: Technology and Therapeutic Techniques – EP techniques; imaging and radiologic technology; device and ablation technology; drug therapy.Interventional Electrophysiologic Procedures – Diagnostic and physiologic EP techniques; mapping in percutaneous catheter and surgical EP procedures; catheter and surgical ablation; device implantation and management.Clinical Indications and Evidence-based Outcomes Standards – For medical and surgical EP interventions for arrhythmias.New Directions in Interventional Electrophysiology – Hybrid therapy for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and staged therapy. This book will be essential reading for clinicians and researchers that form the health care team for arrhythmia patients: cardiologists, adult and pediatric clinical electrophysiologists, interventional electrophysiologists, cardiac surgeons practicing arrhythmia surgery, allied health care professionals, pharmacologists, radiologists and anesthesiologists evaluating arrhythmia patients, and basic scientists from the biomedical engineering and experimental physiology disciplines. Professor Sanjeev Saksena has been involved in this arena for over three decades and has brought his experience to this textbook, assembling editorial leadership from medical and surgical cardiology to provide a global perspective on fundamentals of medical practice, evidence-based therapeutic practices, and emerging research in this field. This book includes 95 videos.
  3d mapping of the heart: Cardiac Arrhythmias Ambrose S. Kibos, Bradley P. Knight, Vidal Essebag, Steven B. Fishberger, Mark Slevin, Ion C. Țintoiu, 2013-12-13 This book covers all the major aspects associated with pathophysiological development of cardiac arrhythmias (covering enhanced or suppressed automaticity, triggered activity, or re-entry), from basic concepts through disease association, limitations of current pharmacotherapy and implant therapies and on-going trials and analysis of new biomarkers based on current knowledge of cellular interaction and signalling. The book describes novel and state-of-the-art methods for differentiating between the major types of arrhythmia, structural abnormalities and current practice guidelines and determination of risk stratification associated with sudden cardiac death. A particular focus is on arrhythmias associated with atrial fibrillation and includes details of associations with cardiac disease, current detection, analysis and imaging and future perspectives.​
  3d mapping of the heart: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology - E-Book Demosthenes G Katritsis, Fred Morady, 2021-02-02 Offering a clear and consistent framework for recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of cardiac arrhythmia disturbances, Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Practical Guide covers the fundamental analytical skills needed in this challenging area. This portable, highly accessible handbook focuses on the basics of clinical electrophysiology— how and when to perform an electrophysiology study as well as principles of ablation and other invasive therapies—all in a succinct and modern format. - Focuses on using an effective, consistent, decision-making process in recognizing, diagnosing, and treating rhythm disturbances of the heart, including supraventricular tachycardias, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardias, and other rapid or irregular heartbeats. - Covers anatomic fundamentals of cardiac structures, clinical indications for electrophysiology studies, practicalities and methodology of performing an electrophysiology study, and problems encountered during the procedure. - Includes quick clinical summaries and more than 180 illustrations: electrophysiology recordings, ECGs, cardiac anatomy, radiographic images, and electroanatomic maps. - Discusses key topics such as mechanisms of arrhythmias, conventional and electroanatomic mapping systems, fundamentals of cardiac mapping, biophysics of catheter ablation, and much more. - Offers real-world guidance on contemporary practice from leading cardiac electrophysiologists Drs. Demosthenes G Katritsis and Fred Morady, with input from a multinational team of electrophysiology fellows and cardiologists. - Ideal as a stand-alone resource or used in conjunction with Dr. Douglas Zipes' renowned textbook, Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside.
  3d mapping of the heart: Electrocardiographic Imaging Maria S. Guillem, Carlos Figuera, Linwei Wang, 2020-04-17 Electrical activity in the myocardium coordinates the contraction of the heart, and its knowledge could lead to a better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac diseases. This electrical activity generates an electromagnetic field that propagates outside the heart and reaches the human torso surface, where it can be easily measured. Classical electrocardiography aims to interpret the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to determine cardiac activity and support the diagnosis of cardiac pathologies such as arrhythmias, altered activations, and ischemia. More recently, a higher number of leads is used to reconstruct a more detailed quantitative description of the electrical activity in the heart by solving the so-called inverse problem of electrocardiography. This technique is known as ECG imaging. Today, clinical applications of ECG imaging are showing promising results in guiding a variety of electrophysiological interventions such as catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. However, in order to promote the adoption of ECG imaging in the routine clinical practice, further research is required regarding more accurate mathematical methods, further scientific validation under different preclinical scenarios and a more extensive clinical validation
  3d mapping of the heart: Ventricular Tachycardia / Fibrillation Ablation Andrea Natale, Antonio Raviele, 2009-10-30 Describes best practices in Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation Ablation based on a consensus of the world's leading experts, based on the annual 'Venice Arrythmias' meeting. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation has become a widespread, yet controversial, treatment modality in electrophysiology laboratories. Presents a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of all the most important and debated aspects of atrial fibrillation ablation. Covers all key topics, from pre- and intra-procedural management to best techniques and outcomes for patients with and without structural HD to Indications for VT/VF ablation and hybrid therapy to future tools and treatment options.
  3d mapping of the heart: Emerging Technologies for Heart Diseases Udi Nussinovitch, 2020-08-19 The increasing pace of advances in cardiology throughout the last few decades has fundamentally altered the natural course of heart patients. In the last few years, available therapies have been revolutionized completely by new transcatheter therapeutic approaches, novel ventricular assist devices, and new drugs. Also, molecular biology and genetics have a rapidly growing impact on cardiovascular diseases, enabling the field of regenerative medicine to become increasingly closer to routine clinical implementation. Emerging Technologies for Heart Diseases was conceived to cover the recent extensive literature on current and novel therapeutic options for cardiac patients. The first volume is dedicated to heart failure and valvular disorders, and the second covers myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias. The clinical topic is addressed in several chapters divided according to the therapeutic approach (mechanical or electrical device-based, or cell and gene-based). Each of the 46 chapters focuses on clinically available solutions, new therapies currently under evaluation in clinical trials, promising preclinical technologies, and emerging concepts and innovations that have not yet been tested in a preclinical model. Also, the book discusses future challenges and opportunities for clinical implementation. Lessons learned from abandoned experimental practices are also covered, giving the readers the widest possible perspective of current therapeutic dilemmas. Overall, this textbook was designed for physicians who want to stay up-to-date with current therapies and those of the future, for biomedical companies, and for those who wish to broaden their knowledge of new cardiovascular therapeutic options. - Provides a comprehensive review of the latest therapeutic developments for heart failure, valvular disorders, myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias, and their clinical implications - Written by both specialists in the field and established researchers, it delivers a review of emerging medical technologies and presents insight into their therapeutic promise - Chapters are arranged according to disease pathogeneses and relevance and include coverage of the mechanical, electrophysiological, and biological approaches for the management of patients with myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias
  3d mapping of the heart: Cardiac Electrophysiology: from Cell to Bedside Douglas P. Zipes, Jose Jalife, 2013-10-25 Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside puts the latest knowledge in this subspecialty at your fingertips, giving you a well-rounded, expert grasp of every cardiac electrophysiology issue that affects your patient management. Drs. Zipes, Jalife, and a host of other world leaders in cardiac electrophysiology use a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to guide you through all of the most recent cardiac drugs, techniques, and technologies. Get well-rounded, expert views of every cardiac electrophysiology issue that affects your patient management from preeminent authorities in cardiology, physiology, pharmacology, pediatrics, biophysics, pathology, cardiothoracic surgery, and biomedical engineering from around the world. Visually grasp and easily absorb complex concepts through an attractive full-color design featuring color photos, tables, flow charts, ECGs, and more! Integrate the latest scientific understanding of arrhythmias with the newest clinical applications, to select the right treatment and management options for each patient. Stay current on the latest advancements and developments with sweeping updates and 52 NEW chapters - written by many new authors - on some of the hottest cardiology topics, such as new technologies for the study of the molecular structure of ion channels, molecular genetics, and the development of new imaging, mapping and ablation techniques. Get expert advice from Dr. Douglas P. Zipes - a leading authority in electrophysiology and editor of Braunwald's Heart Disease and the Heart Rhythm Journal - and Dr. Jose Jalife - a world-renowned leader and researcher in basic and translational cardiac electrophysiology. Access the full text online at Expert Consult, including supplemental text, figures, tables, and video clips. Your purchase entitles you to access the web site until the next edition is published, or until the current edition is no longer offered for sale by Elsevier, whichever occurs first. If the next edition is published less than one year after your purchase, you will be entitled to online access for one year from your date of purchase. Elsevier reserves the right to offer a suitable replacement product (such as a downloadable or CD-ROM-based electronic version) should online access to the web site be discontinued.
  3d mapping of the heart: Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias C. Schmitt, I. Deisenhofer, B. Zrenner, 2006-08-13 This book on catheter ablation gives a comprehensive overview of the subject. It is a practical guide for exact diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias, mapping of cardiac arrhythmias with newest 3D technology and catheter ablation of various arrhythmias from WPW syndrome to atrial fibrillation. Colored intracardiac tracings, as well as fluoroscopic and 3D mapping images, reflect the situation in the EP lab and will lead to the right diagnosis and successful ablation.
  3d mapping of the heart: Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias E-Book Shoei K. Stephen Huang, John M. Miller, 2019-01-01 From anatomy and diagnostic criteria through specific mapping and ablation techniques, Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias, 4th Edition, covers all you need to know in this fast-changing field. Ideal for practitioners who need a comprehensive, user-friendly ablation text for the electrophysiology lab or office setting, this authoritative reference offers quick access to practical content, using detailed tables and high-quality images to help you apply what you learn in your practice. - Incorporates recent, exciting developments in the field, including new mapping, imaging, and catheter technologies and ablation techniques. - Contains new chapters on Pulmonary Vein Isolation by a Cryoballoon Catheter; Substrate-Based Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia; and Ablation of Genetically Triggered Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation. - Offers new and expanded coverage of difficult cases VT ablation, including VT storm and use of hemodynamic support during ablation; new techniques for ablation of persistent and long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation; cryoballoon-based pulmonary vein isolation to treat atrial fibrillation; and more. - Offers expert guidance on atrial tachycardia and flutter, atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, tachycardias related to accessory atrioventricular connections, ventricular tachycardia, transseptal catheterization techniques, ablation for pediatric patients, and patient safety and complications. - Helps you master each approach with exceptional visual guidance from nearly 300 new illustrations and figures, including many new ECGs, intracardiac recordings, as well as 3D mapping, ultrasound and fluoroscopic images. - Includes numerous tables that provide quick access to key points, arrhythmia mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, target sites for ablation, use of special equipment, complications, and troubleshooting problems and their solutions.
  3d mapping of the heart: Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias Shoei K. Huang, Mark A. Wood, 2011 The breadth and range of the topics covered, and the consistent organization of each chapter, give you simple but detailed access to information on anatomy, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, mapping, and ablation. the book includes a unique section on troubleshooting difficult cases for each arrhythmia, and the use of tables, illustrations, and high-quality figures is unmatched among publications in the field.
  3d mapping of the heart: Moss & Adams' Heart Disease in infants, Children, and Adolescents Robert E. Shaddy, 2021-02-19 Widely recognized as the definitive text in pediatric cardiology, Moss and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents provides the authoritative, state-of-the-art information you need when caring for young patients with heart disease. The editorial team, led by Dr. Robert Shaddy, from Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the University of Southern California, ensures that you are kept fully up to date with recent advances in this complex and fast-changing field. This award-winning title, now in its Tenth Edition, continues to be the reference of choice for today’s cardiology fellows, pediatric cardiologists, and cardiology practitioners worldwide.
  3d mapping of the heart: Cardiac Electrophysiology Without Fluoroscopy Riccardo Proietti, Yan Wang, Yan Yao, Guo Qiang Zhong, Shu Lin Wu, Félix Ayala-Paredes, 2019-07-10 This book reflects how the concern regarding the effects of radiation exposure in patients and health personnel involved in cardiac electrophysiology (EP) has inspired new developments in cardiac electrophysiology procedures without the use of fluoroscopy. This innovative method has become a subspecialty within electrophysioloy with several EP laboratories around the world adopting an exclusive non-fluoroscopy approach. It features guidance on how to use three dimensional (3D) navigation systems, ablation energy sources and zero-fluorospic implantation of cardiac electronic devices. The potential complications and associated preventative methods with utilising RFCA are also described. Cardiac Electrophysiology Without Fluoroscopy offers a thorough description of the technique correlated to the performance of EP procedure without the use of radiation, and provides a valuable resource for those seeking a practically applicable guide on how to perform cardiac EP without fluoroscopy, including practising and trainee electrophysiologists, cardiac imagers, general cardiologists and emergency medicine physicians.
  3d mapping of the heart: Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System Italo Biaggioni, Kirsteen Browning, Gregory Fink, Jens Jordan, Phillip A. Low, Julian F.R. Paton, 2022-12-07 Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System, Fourth Edition provides a concise and accessible overview of autonomic neuroscience for students, scientists, and clinicians. The book's 142 chapters draw on the expertise of more than 215 basic scientists and clinicians who discuss key information on how the autonomic nervous system controls the body, particularly in response to stress. This new edition also focuses on the translational crossover between basic and clinical research. In addition to comprehensively covering all aspects of autonomic physiology and pathology, topics such as psychopharmacology decoding and modulating nerve function are also explored. - Provides concise and practical information on the autonomic nervous system - Discusses all aspects of autonomic physiology and pathology - Contains new content on psychopharmacology and modulating nerve function
  3d mapping of the heart: Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart: Imaging and Modelling Challenges Oscar Camara, E. Konukoglu, Mihaela Pop, Kawal Rhode, Maxime Sermesant, Alistair Young, 2012-02-12 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Statistical Atlases and Computational Models of the Heart: Imaging and Modelling Challegenges, STACOM 2011, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2011, in Toronto, Canada, in September 2011. The 28 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on EP simulation challenge, motion tracking challenge, segmentation challenge, and regular papers.
  3d mapping of the heart: Heart Rate and Rhythm Onkar N. Tripathi, T. Alexander Quinn, Ursula Ravens, 2023-12-08 This completely updated and expanded 2nd Edition provides all the information needed in order to understand the complex molecular, cellular and genetic mechanisms that underlie normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms. Its goal is to help physiologists and clinicians alike develop better preventive and treatment strategies. The respective chapters cover a broad range of topics, including the role of specific ion channels and transporters, gap junctions, intracellular Ca2+ handling in pacemaker activity, impulse conduction, and the activity of atrial and ventricular myocardium. Special emphasis is placed on the unique electrophysiology of specialized pacemaking cells and conducting fibers. In turn, several types of inherited and acquired ventricular arrhythmias are presented in detail. Clinicians will especially appreciate the updated information on even common disorders like atrial fibrillation and their impacts on human physiology. In closing, the book goes “one step further” and considers future prospects, e.g. novel antiarrhythmic agents and new concepts like optogenetics, in the context of heart rate regulation. Accordingly, it offers readers a solid reference guide to everything they need to know about human heart rate and rhythm.
  3d mapping of the heart: Decoding Cardiac Electrophysiology Afzal Sohaib, 2019-11-09 This book provides a concise overview of cardiac electrophysiology for cardiologists who are not electrophysiologists and for allied cardiovascular professionals, cardiology registrars and fellows who are new to the field. It familiarises them with the main procedures performed in the electrophysiology laboratory. Emphasis is placed on helping the reader develop a core understanding of how data is collected and interpreted in the electrophysiology laboratory, and how this is used to guide ablation for the commonest arrhythmias including AV nodal re-entry tachycardia, accessory pathways, atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias. Decoding Cardiac Electrophysiology: Understanding the Techniques and Defining the Jargon will translate some of the technical terminology and data frequently used by electrophysiologists into terms and concepts familiar to the wider cardiovascular community. This includes the interpretation of electrograms and 3D electro-anatomical maps of common arrhythmias. Accordingly, it offers a valuable resource for all non-electrophysiologists seeking a guide to the topic and for electrophysiology trainees establishing their core knowledge and skills in the field. The aim is that this should be the first book anyone new to the field should choose to read.
  3d mapping of the heart: Pulmonary Vein Recordings Laurent Macle, MD, 2014-05-01 Pulmonary Vein Recordings A Practical Guide to the Mapping and Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation is an essential reference for electrophysiologists, fellows-in-training, and all those involved in the mapping and ablation of atrial fibrillation. Extensively illustrated with annotated multichannel tracings, this revised and updated edition adds 30 new tracings that illustrate important practical points and useful tips that will facilitate the interpretation of electrogram recordings obtained by circumferential mapping, leading to successful pulmonary vein isolation. PV electrograms from rare and interesting cases are also included.
  3d mapping of the heart: Cardiac Arrhythmias: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition , 2012-01-09 Cardiac Arrhythmias: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Cardiac Arrhythmias. The editors have built Cardiac Arrhythmias: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Cardiac Arrhythmias in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
  3d mapping of the heart: Oxford Handbook of Cardiac Nursing Kate Olson, 2021-02-24 Nurses must deliver up-to-date, clinically effective, evidence-based care across a range of settings and develop nursing services to meet changing demands. The revised and expanded Oxford Handbook of Cardiac Nursing 3rd edition is tailored to provide the essential knowledge nurses need; at their fingertips when they need it. This handbook will guide the reader systematically through the care of patients with a wide range of cardiac problems. Each chapter contains the up to date evidence-based guidelines for cardiac conditions and treatments. It now includes new topics such as stroke, genetics, computed tomography coronary angiogram. Valvular heart disease has been expanded, as well as the chapter on congenital heart disease and inherited cardiac conditions. Providing key summaries of common problems and essential issues, it will provide both an invaluable reference for cardiac nurses, as well as a precise, targeted guide for nurses from other specialties caring for patients with cardiac problems.
  3d mapping of the heart: Quantitative imaging (QI) and artificial intelligence (AI) in cardiovascular diseases Sebastian Kelle, Rene M. Botnar, Marcus R. Makowski, Daniel Rueckert, Alexander Meyer, 2023-05-17
  3d mapping of the heart: Practical Cardiac Electrophysiology Kartikeyan Bhargava, Samuel J Asirvatham, 2016-11-30 Electrophysiology studies test the electrical activity of the heart to determine the source of an arrhythmia. This book is a comprehensive guide to cardiac electrophysiology providing a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of arrhythmias and therapeutic interventions used in their treatment. Beginning with an introduction to cardiac electrophysiology and the fundamentals of cardiac anatomy, imaging, mapping and ablation, the following sections cover the diagnosis and management of different types of arrhythmia. The final section discusses miscellaneous topics including entrainment, provocative drug testing in the electrophysiology lab, and catheter ablation in children. The book is highly illustrated with nearly 300 images and tables and each chapter concludes with a summary highlighting the main points of the topic and offers suggestions for further reading. Key points Comprehensive guide to diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias Provides thorough overview of cardiac anatomy, imaging, mapping and ablation Includes other topics such as provocative drug testing and catheter ablation in children Highly illustrated with nearly 300 images and tables
  3d mapping of the heart: Fluoroscopy Reduction Techniques for Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias Mansour Razminia, MD, Paul C. Zei, MD, PhD, 2019-05-01 Catheter ablation has become a widely used approach to treating various cardiac arrhythmias. Traditionally, catheter ablation procedures are guided by fluoroscopic imaging to help understand catheter position during mapping. The potentially significant exposure to radiation to the patient, physician, and staff increases risks of radiation exposure-related disease. Also, the protective lead garments worn increases risks of orthopedic injury. Current advanced electroanatomic mapping and intracardiac echocardiography technology have allowed the development of endocardial catheter ablation techniques without the use of fluoroscopy safely and effectively. A host of expert and experienced authors present a practical overview of the rationale and methodology for a low- or zero-fluoro environment in the electrophysiology lab with the critical goal of significantly reducing radiation exposure to the patient, physician, and staff. This practical guide: -Covers the entire spectrum of commonly (and less commonly) performed ablation procedures via endocardial approach. -Discusses general principles that are applicable across ICE and EAM platforms. -Will assist the electrophysiologist and their team to safely and effectively work toward the significant reduction in fluoroscopy utilization while also likely improving procedural safety, i.e., fewer complications, after the adoption of these techniques. -Includes a library of 50 videos, with 9 extended films (108 minutes) by Dr. Razminia detailing step-by-step procedures and techniques.
  3d mapping of the heart: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology in Clinical Practice David T. Huang, MD, Travis Prinzi, MD, 2014-12-01 ​Cardiac Electrophysiology (EP) is a highly specialized, complex and growing field of cardiology. As understanding of the evaluation of treatment of arrhythmias continues to advance, learning and understanding the principles of EP in order to provide the best possible treatments for patients can be a daunting task. The Manual of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology is a guide to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias that meets this need. With a scientific, practical, and multi-disciplinary approach, the book establishes the foundation of the cardiac electrophysiology and provides multimedia illustrations to facilitate and enhance understanding. These illustrations will come directly from real case studies, to provide an authentic look at each principle of EP. Since the world of EP moves so fast, and arrhythmias are diagnosed and treated in real time, it is often difficult to learn EP from static texts, images and diagrams. This book is designed to be accessible enough to serve as an introduction to EP, but advanced enough to serve as a guide for experienced practitioners. EP students of all levels, including medical students, residents, fellows, mid-level providers, nurses, technologist, primary care providers, cardiologists and electrophysiologists will find value in the Manual of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology.​
  3d mapping of the heart: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine: Rising Stars 2022 Liqiu Yan, Giannis G. Baltogiannis, Fang Wang, Bert Vandenberk, Julia W. Erath, Bart Mulder, Matthias Bossard, Massimo Mapelli, Gregor Leibundgut, Stefania Paolillo, Yow Keat Tham, Ajith Nair, Celine F. Santiago, Fuyang Zhang, Yasumasa Ikeda, Kimie Tanaka, Antonino S. Rubino, Kanhua Yin, Jan Vojacek, Yong-Jae Kim, Jose R. Medina inojosa, Giulio Francesco Romiti, Claudia Maria Radu, Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau, Steven Philip Grover, Sebastian Ludwig, Tobias Schmidt, Livia Luciana Gheorghe, Cameron Dowling, Yashwant Agrawal, Pablo Codner, David Marti, Kazufumi Nakamura, Zhi-Yong Li, Kelvin Kian Loong Wong, Dunja Aksentijevic, David C. Rotzinger, Giulia Elena Mandoli, Anna Malashicheva, Hooi Hooi Ng, Jesper Hjortnaes, Wouter Meijers, Aaron L. Sverdlov, Rohit Moudgil, Peter Moritz Becher, Yun Fang, David Duncker, Patrick G. Burgon, Jose Francisco Huizar, Jason Bazil, Tobias Jakobi, Christopher N. Toepfer, Shizuka Uchida, Jürgen Bernhagen, Patricia B. Maguire, Chieko Mineo, Christoph E. Hagemeyer, Gemma Chiva-Blanch, Yansheng Feng, Ayman Al Haj Zen, Joshua D. Hutcheson, Mosharraf Sarker, Radu Iliescu, Attila Kiss, Ionut Tudorancea, Mingtao Zhao, Michela Noseda, Abdelali Agouni, Manuel M. Mazo, Elena Grossi, Bisheng Zhou, Brígida Gomes De Almeida Schirmer, Andrew Tseng, Marco Vitolo, 2024-05-01 We are delighted to present the inaugural Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine “Rising Stars” article collection. This collection showcases the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers were individually nominated by the Chief Editors of the Journal in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of cardiovascular medicine, including the elucidation of fundamental biology, the development of novel diagnostics or therapeutics, computational modelling approaches, and bioengineering strategies for regeneration.
Sketchfab - The best 3D viewer on the web
Market-leading 3D player for the web. Interactive and configurable, VR and AR ready. Works with all operating systems, browsers and devices. Embeddable everywhere, for eCommerce, …

3D Design - Tinkercad
3D design is the first step in bringing your ideas to life. Start your journey to change how the world is designed and made today.

Thingiverse - Digital Designs for Physical Objects
Download millions of 3D models and files for your 3D printer, laser cutter, or CNC. From custom parts to unique designs, you can find them on Thingive.

3D Warehouse
Share your models and get inspired with the world’s largest 3D model library. 3D Warehouse is a website of searchable, pre-made 3D models that works seamlessly with SketchUp. 3D …

Cults・Download free 3D printer models・STL, OBJ, 3MF, CAD
Discover and download the best 3D models for all your projects: 3D printing, CNC machining - Laser cutting, Papercraft & Origami, Sewing pattern, and Electronics - PCB. Cults is a digital …

Free 3D Modeling Software | 3D Design Online - SketchUp
SketchUp Free is the simplest free 3D modeling software on the web — no strings attached. Bring your 3D design online, and have your SketchUp projects with you wherever you go.

Figuro: Powerful & Intuitive 3D Modeling Online
Figuro is a free online 3D modeling tool for students, hobbyists, 3D artists, game developers and more. Use Figuro to create 3D models quickly and easily.