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A Concise History of the Middle East: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Anya Petrova, Professor of Middle Eastern History at the University of Oxford, specializing in Islamic history and political thought. Author of numerous acclaimed books including The Rise of the Abbasid Caliphate and Islam and the West: A Reassessment.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP). OUP is a globally renowned academic publisher with a long-standing commitment to scholarly research and publication in the humanities and social sciences, including a vast catalogue of works on Middle Eastern history and culture.
Editor: Dr. Elias Khalil, Associate Professor of History at the American University of Beirut, with expertise in modern Middle Eastern history and conflict resolution.
Keyword: a concise history of the middle east
Introduction: Understanding the Middle East requires grappling with a complex tapestry of civilizations, empires, and religious movements spanning millennia. This guide offers a concise history of the middle east, navigating the key events and themes that have shaped the region into what it is today. We will explore best practices for studying this multifaceted region and highlight common pitfalls to avoid in developing a nuanced understanding.
H1: The Ancient Near East: Foundations of Civilization (c. 3500 BCE – 539 BCE)
This period witnessed the rise of some of humanity’s earliest civilizations. Mesopotamia, the "land between the rivers," saw the development of cuneiform writing, sophisticated legal codes (like Hammurabi's Code), and impressive city-states like Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria. Egypt, with its pharaohs and monumental architecture, flourished concurrently. Understanding these foundational societies is crucial for a concise history of the middle east, as they laid the groundwork for subsequent developments. Pitfall to avoid: Oversimplifying these complex societies and their interactions.
H2: The Rise and Fall of Empires: From Persia to Alexander (539 BCE – 636 CE)
The Achaemenid Persian Empire, under Cyrus the Great, united vast territories, establishing a sophisticated administrative system. Alexander the Great's conquests brought Hellenistic influence, blending Greek culture with existing traditions. The Seleucid and Parthian empires followed, shaping the political landscape before the rise of the Roman Empire and its influence on the Levant. For a concise history of the middle east, it's important to grasp the impact of these empires on the region’s cultural and political development. Pitfall to avoid: Focusing solely on military history and neglecting the social and economic dimensions.
H3: The Rise of Islam and the Early Islamic Caliphates (636 CE – 1258 CE)
The advent of Islam in the 7th century CE marked a transformative era. The rapid expansion of the Arab conquests led to the establishment of vast caliphates, initially under the Rashidun, then the Umayyad, and finally the Abbasid dynasties. This period saw significant intellectual and cultural achievements, including advancements in science, philosophy, and art. A proper a concise history of the middle east must acknowledge the profound impact of Islam on the region’s religious, political, and social structures. Pitfall to avoid: Presenting a monolithic view of Islam, ignoring the internal diversity and debates within the Muslim world.
H4: The Medieval Period and the Crusades (1096-1291 CE)
This period saw the rise and fall of various empires and sultanates, including the Seljuk Turks, the Mamluks, and the Ayyubids. The Crusades, a series of religious wars between European Christians and Muslims, significantly impacted the region's political dynamics and left a lasting legacy. A concise history of the middle east should analyze the complex interactions between the various powers and the consequences of these conflicts. Pitfall to avoid: Presenting a simplistic narrative of "us versus them," neglecting the diverse motivations and complexities involved.
H5: The Ottoman Empire and its Legacy (1299 – 1922 CE)
The Ottoman Empire, one of history's longest-lasting and most influential empires, dominated the Middle East for centuries. Its vast territories encompassed diverse ethnic and religious groups, managed through a complex system of governance. The empire's eventual decline and dissolution profoundly shaped the modern political map of the region. A concise history of the middle east needs to address the Ottoman Empire’s significant impact and the lasting consequences of its fall. Pitfall to avoid: Ignoring the internal dynamics and diversity within the Ottoman Empire, focusing only on its decline.
H6: The 20th and 21st Centuries: Nationalism, Colonialism, and Conflict
The 20th century witnessed the rise of nationalism, the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire, and the emergence of new nation-states. Colonial powers significantly influenced the political boundaries and internal dynamics of the region. The latter half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st have been marked by various conflicts, including the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Iran-Iraq war, and the rise of extremist groups. A concise history of the middle east needs to address the complexities of these events and their ongoing consequences. Pitfall to avoid: Presenting a simplistic narrative of cause and effect, ignoring the multifaceted factors contributing to these conflicts.
Conclusion:
A thorough understanding of a concise history of the middle east demands engagement with a vast and often turbulent past. By avoiding common pitfalls and adopting a nuanced approach, we can gain a more accurate and comprehensive appreciation of the region's rich history and the complexities of its present.
FAQs:
1. What are the major religious traditions in the Middle East? Islam, Christianity, and Judaism are the three major Abrahamic religions with deep historical roots in the region. Other faiths, including Zoroastrianism and various forms of indigenous beliefs, also have a presence.
2. How did colonialism impact the Middle East? Colonial powers redrew political borders, often ignoring existing ethnic and tribal boundaries, creating lasting instability. They also exploited the region's resources and influenced its political and economic systems.
3. What are the main causes of conflict in the Middle East? Conflicts stem from a complex interplay of factors including historical grievances, political rivalries, resource competition, religious differences, and the legacy of colonialism.
4. What is the significance of oil in the Middle East? Oil has played a crucial role in shaping the region's political economy, attracting foreign investment and fueling conflicts over control of resources.
5. What role has women played in Middle Eastern history? Women have played diverse and significant roles throughout Middle Eastern history, though their contributions are often overlooked. Their roles have varied across cultures and time periods, ranging from political leadership to artistic expression and social activism.
6. How has globalization impacted the Middle East? Globalization has led to increased economic integration but also raised concerns about cultural homogenization and the potential for exploitation.
7. What are the key challenges facing the Middle East today? Challenges include political instability, economic inequality, religious extremism, climate change, and water scarcity.
8. What are some of the major achievements of the Middle East? The region has a remarkable history of innovation in science, mathematics, philosophy, art, and literature, impacting civilizations globally.
9. Where can I find more information on the Middle East? Numerous books, academic journals, and online resources provide comprehensive information on the region's history and current affairs.
Related Articles:
1. The Cradle of Civilization: Mesopotamia and its Legacy: Explores the development of early Mesopotamian societies and their contributions to human civilization.
2. Ancient Egypt: Pharaohs, Pyramids, and Power: Focuses on the rise and fall of ancient Egypt, highlighting its remarkable achievements in architecture, art, and governance.
3. The Rise of Islam: From Mecca to Medina and Beyond: Examines the origins and spread of Islam, emphasizing its key beliefs and practices.
4. The Abbasid Caliphate: A Golden Age of Islamic Civilization: Details the cultural and intellectual flourishing during the Abbasid era.
5. The Crusades: A Clash of Civilizations? Analyzes the Crusades from various perspectives, exploring the motivations, consequences, and lasting impact.
6. The Ottoman Empire: A Multi-Ethnic and Multi-Religious State: Examines the structure, governance, and impact of the Ottoman Empire.
7. The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History of Conflict and Negotiation: Provides a comprehensive overview of the history of the conflict and the ongoing efforts to achieve peace.
8. The Iranian Revolution: Causes, Consequences, and Legacy: Explores the events leading to the Iranian Revolution and its implications for regional and global politics.
9. The Arab Spring: Uprisings and Transformations in the Middle East: Analyzes the Arab Spring uprisings, their causes, and their lasting impact on the region.
| a concise history of the middle east: A Concise History of the Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt, 1979 |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Concise History of the Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt, Lawrence Davidson, 2010 The classic, bestseller on the history of the Middle East by renowned scholars Arthur Goldschmidt and Lawrence Davidson, updated to reflect the latest scholarship and recent events in this turbulent region. |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Concise History Of The Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt, 1996 First published in 1979, this college-level introductory text ranges chronologically from the beginnings of Islam to the present. Extensive revisions reflect new scholarship and the most recent events in the Middle East including the aftermath of the Gulf War and issues surrounding the Palestinian Question. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Concise History of the Middle East Ibrahim Al-Marashi, Arthur Goldschmidt Jr., 2018-09-03 A Concise History of the Middle East provides a comprehensive introduction to the history of this turbulent region. Spanning from pre-Islam to the present day, it explores the evolution of Islamic institutions and culture, the influence of the West, modernization efforts in the Middle East, the struggle of various peoples for political independence, the Arab–Israel conflict, the reassertion of Islamic values and power, the issues surrounding the Palestinian Question, and the Middle East post-9/11 and post-Arab uprisings. The twelfth edition has been fully revised to reflect the most recent events in, and concerns of, the region, including the presence of ISIS and other non-state actors, the civil wars in Syria and Yemen, and the refugee crisis. New parts and part timelines will help students grasp and contextualize the long and complicated history of the region. With updated biographical sketches and glossary, and a new concluding chapter, this book remains the quintessential text for students of Middle East history. |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Concise History of the Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt, 1983 |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Concise History of the Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt, 1991 The fourth edition of Professor Goldschmidt's text has been extensively revised to reflect the latest scholarship and the most recent events in the Middle East, including the international response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. |
| a concise history of the middle east: War and Peace in the Middle East Avi Shlaim, 1994 The recent Israel-PLO accord is only the most recent surprise in a region whose politics often seem complex to the point of mysteriousness. How can Americans decipher the latest diplomatic tilt, rumor of war, or threat to oil supplies? Where will the Middle East's centuries-old quest for self-determination lead? An Oxford professor of international relations finds answers in a historical context that is often overlooked. With a special focus on the last half-century, he illuminates the four phases of external involvement - the Ottoman, the European, the Superpower, and the American - that have molded the political evolution of the Middle East. He assesses the past roles of Britain, France, and the former Soviet Union, clarifies how power and influence have shifted in the aftermath of the Cold War, and appraises both the recurrent myopia of the United States and its essential function as a mediator. Shrewd, witty, and highly readable, War and Peace in the Middle East offers invaluable insights, for the student and the general reader, into one of the most volatile subsystems of international politics.--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved |
| a concise history of the middle east: A CONCISE HISTORY OF IRAN Saeed Shirazi, 2017-01-06 |
| a concise history of the middle east: Empires and Anarchies Michael Quentin Morton, 2017-09-15 Oil lies at the heart of the modern history of the Middle East. For decades, the world’s largest oil reserves have enriched the region’s nations. But oil wealth has not brought with it universal prosperity. It has, though, transformed the Middle Eastern people and societies—enriching empires and engendering anarchies. Empires and Anarchies is an unconventional history of oil in the Middle East. In Michael Quentin Morton’s account the burnt-out remains of Saddam Hussein’s armaments and the human tragedy of the Arab Spring are as much of the story as the shimmering skylines of oil-rich nations. From the first explorers trudging through the desert to the excesses of the Peacock Throne and the high stakes of OPEC, Morton lays out the history of oil in compelling detail, arguing that oil simultaneously enriched and fractured the Middle East, eroding traditional ways of life, and eventually contributing to the rise of Islamic radicalism. The book is essential reading for anyone interested in the promises and peril of the world’s oil boom. |
| a concise history of the middle east: A History of the Middle East Peter Mansfield, 2019-07-25 The definitive history of the Middle East, now updated in its fifth edition 'The best overall survey of the politics, regional rivalries and economics of the contemporary Arab world' Washington Post Over the centuries the Middle East has confounded the dreams of conquerors and peacemakers alike. This now-classic book follows the historic struggles of the region over the last two hundred years, from Napoleon's assault on Egypt, through the slow decline and fall of the Ottoman Empire, to the painful emergence of modern nations. It is now fully updated with extensive new material examining recent developments including the aftermaths of the 'Arab Spring', the continuing Arab-Israeli conflict and the Syrian and Yemeni civil wars. 'An excellent political overview' Guardian |
| a concise history of the middle east: The End of Modern History in the Middle East Bernard Lewis, 2013-09-01 Bernard Lewis looks at the new era in the Middle East. With the departure of imperial powers, the region must now, on its own, resolve the political, economic, cultural, and societal problems that prevent it from accomplishing the next stage in the advance of civilization. There is enough in the traditional culture of Islam on the one hand and the modern experience of the Muslim peoples on the other, he explains, to provide the basis for an advance toward freedom in the true sense of that word. |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Concise History of Sunnis and Shi`is John McHugo, 2017-09-08 The 1400-year-old schism between Sunnis and Shi`is has rarely been as toxic as it is today, feeding wars and communal strife in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Pakistan, Afghanistan and many other countries, with tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran escalating. In this richly layered and engrossing account, John McHugo reveals how this great divide occurred. Charting the story of Islam from the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad to the present day, he describes the conflicts that raged over the succession to the Prophet, how Sunnism and Shi`ism evolved as different sects during the Abbasid caliphate, and how the rivalry between the empires of the Sunni Ottomans and Shi`i Safavids contrived to ensure that the split would continue into modern times. Now its full, destructive force has been brought out by the struggle between Saudi Arabia and Iran for the soul of the Muslim world. Definitive and insightful, A Concise History of Sunnis and Shi`is shows that there was nothing inevitable about the sectarian conflicts that now disfigure Islam. It is an essential guide to understanding the genesis, development and manipulation of the great schism that has come to define Islam and the Muslim world. |
| a concise history of the middle east: War and Peace in the Middle East Avi Shlaim, 1995-08-01 Remarkable...breathtaking in its scope and historical precision, this is highly recommended volume for both publivc and academic libraries.—Library Journal. |
| a concise history of the middle east: Crisis and Crossfire Peter L. Hahn, 2011 Although it seems almost incredible today, the United States had relatively little interest in the Middle East before 1945. But the dynamics and outcome of World War II elevated the importance of the Middle East in the American mind, and the United States has viewed the region with vital interest to its security and economy ever since. The projection of American power into the region has had consequences that have forever changed the United States and the Middle East, with the rise of al Qaeda and the turbulent occupation of Iraq being the latest examples. Crisis and Crossfire surveys and analyzes the broad contours of U.S. involvement in the region. It probes the reasons why the United States implemented various policies and assesses the wisdom of American leaders as they accepted greater responsibilities for preserving stability and security in the Middle East. Major themes include U.S.-Middle East policy in the context of the Cold War, the rise of Arab and Iranian nationalism, decolonization, the U.S. approach to the Arab-Israeli conflict, the politics of Western dependence on Middle Eastern oil, and America's military interventions, particularly its two wars against Iraq. This book's concise narrative and selection of primary-source documents make it an ideal introduction to U.S.-Middle East relations for students and for anyone with an interest in understanding the history behind today's events. |
| a concise history of the middle east: Women in the Middle East Nikki R. Keddie, 2012-08-09 Written by a pioneer in the field of Middle Eastern women's history, Women in the Middle East is a concise, comprehensive, and authoritative history of the lives of the region's women since the rise of Islam. Nikki Keddie shows why hostile or apologetic responses are completely inadequate to the diversity and richness of the lives of Middle Eastern women, and she provides a unique overview of their past and rapidly changing present. The book also includes a brief autobiography that recounts Keddie's political activism as one of the first women in Middle East Studies. Positioning women within their individual economic situations, identities, families, and geographies, Women in the Middle East examines the experiences of women in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, in Iran, and in all the Arab countries. Keddie discusses the interaction of a changing Islam with political, cultural, and socioeconomic developments. In doing so, she shows that, like other major religions, Islam incorporated ideas and practices of male superiority but also provoked challenges to them. Keddie breaks with notions of Middle Eastern women as faceless victims, and assesses their involvement in the rise of modern nationalist, socialist, and Islamist movements. While acknowledging that conservative trends are strong, she notes that there have been significant improvements in Middle Eastern women's suffrage, education, marital choice, and health. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The Unmaking of the Middle East Jeremy Salt, 2008 Politics & government. |
| a concise history of the middle east: Israel Daniel Gordis, 2016-10-18 Winner of the Jewish Book of the Year Award The first comprehensive yet accessible history of the state of Israel from its inception to present day, from Daniel Gordis, one of the most respected Israel analysts (The Forward) living and writing in Jerusalem. Israel is a tiny state, and yet it has captured the world’s attention, aroused its imagination, and lately, been the object of its opprobrium. Why does such a small country speak to so many global concerns? More pressingly: Why does Israel make the decisions it does? And what lies in its future? We cannot answer these questions until we understand Israel’s people and the questions and conflicts, the hopes and desires, that have animated their conversations and actions. Though Israel’s history is rife with conflict, these conflicts do not fully communicate the spirit of Israel and its people: they give short shrift to the dream that gave birth to the state, and to the vision for the Jewish people that was at its core. Guiding us through the milestones of Israeli history, Gordis relays the drama of the Jewish people’s story and the creation of the state. Clear-eyed and erudite, he illustrates how Israel became a cultural, economic and military powerhouse—but also explains where Israel made grave mistakes and traces the long history of Israel’s deepening isolation. With Israel, public intellectual Daniel Gordis offers us a brief but thorough account of the cultural, economic, and political history of this complex nation, from its beginnings to the present. Accessible, levelheaded, and rigorous, Israel sheds light on the Israel’s past so we can understand its future. The result is a vivid portrait of a people, and a nation, reborn. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The Culinary Crescent Peter Heine, 2020 The Fertile Crescent region—the swath of land comprising a vast portion of today’s Middle East—has long been regarded as pivotal to the rise of civilization. Alongside the story of human development, innovation, and progress, there is a culinary tradition of equal richness and importance. In The Culinary Crescent: A History of Middle Eastern Cuisine, Peter Heine combines years of scholarship with a personal passion: his knowledge of the cookery traditions of the Umayyad, Abbasid, Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal courts is matched only by his love for the tastes and smells produced by the contemporary cooking of these areas today. In addition to offering a fascinating history, Heine presents more than one hundred recipes—from the modest to the extravagant—with dishes ranging from those created by the “celebrity chefs” of the bygone Mughal era, up to gastronomically complex presentations of modern times. Beautifully produced, designed for both reading and cooking, and lavishly illustrated in color throughout, The Culinary Crescent is sure to provide a delectable window in the history of food in the Middle East. |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Brief History of the Middle East Christopher Catherwood, 2011-02-24 Western civilization began in the Middle East: Judaism and Christianity, as well as Islam, were born there. For over a millennium, the Islamic empires were ahead of the West in learning, technology and medicine, and were militarily far more powerful. It took another three hundred centuries for the West to catch up, and overtake, the Middle East. Why does it seem different now? Why does Osama bin Laden see 1918, with the fall of the Ottoman Empire, as the year everything changed? These issues are explained in historical detail here, in a way that deliberately seeks to go behind the rhetoric to the roots of present conflicts. A Brief History of the Middle East is essential reading for an intelligent reader wanting to understand what one of the world's key regions is all about. Fully updated with a new section on the Iraq Invasion of 2003, the question of Iran and the full context of the Isreali/Palestine conflict. |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Millennium of Turkish Literature Talat S. Halman, 2011-02-08 From Orhon inscriptions to Orhan Pamuk, the story of Turkish literature from the eighth century A.D. to the present day is rich and complex, full of firm traditions and daring transformations. Spanning a wide geographic range from Outer Mongolia and the environs of China through the Middle East all the way to Europe, the history of Turkish literature embraces a multitude of traditions and influences. All have left their imprint on the distinctive amalgam that is uniquely Turkish. Always receptive to the nurturing values, aesthetic tastes, and literary penchants of diverse civilizations, Turkish culture succeeded in evolving a sui generis personality. It clung to its own established traits, yet it was flexible enough to welcome innovations—and even revolutionary change. A Millennium of Turkish Literature tells the story of how literature evolved and grew in stature on the Turkish mainland over the course of a thousand years. The book features numerous poems and extracts in fluid translations by Halman and others. This volume provides a concise and captivating introduction to Turkish literature and, with selections from its extensive “Suggested Reading” section, serves as an invaluable guide to Turkish literature for course adoption. |
| a concise history of the middle east: War & Peace in the Middle East Michael Scott-Baumann, 1998 The Hodder 20th Century History series covers a range of topics for GCSE. All of these titles are carefully structured to reflect the results of recent research and historical interpretations. They are also a practical and accessible resource for teaching and learning. |
| a concise history of the middle east: A History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict Ian J. Bickerton, Carla L. Klausner, 2016-09-16 Concise and comprehensive, A History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict presents balanced, impartial, and well-illustrated coverage of the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict. The authors identify and examine the issues and themes that have characterized and defined the conflict over the past century tying in a twenty-first century perspective. The seventh edition exposes readers to recent events in the Middle East. Altering relations between Israel and neighboring states, political and religious uncertainty as a result of the Arab Spring and the increased scrutiny of Iran's nuclear program are explored in this updated edition. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The Middle East Bernard Lewis, 1995 A 2000-year history of a region stretching from Libya to Central Asia ; concludes with the effects of the Gulf War. |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Short History of the Middle East Gordon Kerr, 2016-02-25 Informative, fascinating and extremely well-researched...Gordon Kerr's book is a mini masterpiece' - ABC Brisbane Situated at the crossroads of three continents, the Middle East has confounded the ambition of conquerors and peacemakers alike. Christianity, Judaism and Islam all had their genesis in the region but with them came not just civilisation and religion but also some of the great struggles of history. A Short History of the Middle East makes sense of the shifting sands of Middle Eastern History, beginning with the early cultures of the area and moving on to the Roman and Persian Empires; the growth of Christianity; the rise of Islam; the invasions from the east; Genghis Khan's Mongol hordes; the Ottoman Turks and the rise of radicalism in the modern world symbolised by Islamic State. |
| a concise history of the middle east: Ancient Persia Matt Waters, 2014-01-20 The Achaemenid Persian Empire, at its greatest territorial extent under Darius I (r.522–486 BCE), held sway over territory stretching from the Indus River Valley to southeastern Europe and from the western Himalayas to northeast Africa. In this book, Matt Waters gives a detailed historical overview of the Achaemenid period while considering the manifold interpretive problems historians face in constructing and understanding its history. This book offers a Persian perspective even when relying on Greek textual sources and archaeological evidence. Waters situates the story of the Achaemenid Persians in the context of their predecessors in the mid-first millennium BCE and through their successors after the Macedonian conquest, constructing a compelling narrative of how the empire retained its vitality for more than two hundred years (c.550–330 BCE) and left a massive imprint on Middle Eastern as well as Greek and European history. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The Middle East in Modern World History Ernest Tucker, 2016-05-23 The Middle East in Modern World History focuses on the history of this region over the past 200 years. It examines how global trends during this period shaped the Middle East and how these trends were affected by the region’s development. Three trends from the past two centuries are highlighted: The region as a strategic conduit between East and West The development of the region's natural resources, especially oil The impact of a rapidly globalizing world economy on the Middle East |
| a concise history of the middle east: Concise History of the Language Sciences E.F.K. Koerner, R.E. Asher, 2014-06-28 This book presents in a single volume a comprehensive history of the language sciences, from ancient times through to the twentieth century. While there has been a concentration on those traditions that have the greatest international relevance, a particular effort has been made to go beyond traditional Eurocentric accounts, and to cover a broad geographical spread. For the twentieth century a section has been devoted to the various trends, schools, and theoretical framework developed in Europe, North America and Australasia over the past seventy years. There has also been a concentration on those approaches in linguistic theory which can be expected to have some direct relevance to work being done at the beginning of the twenty-first century or those of which a knowledge is needed for the full understanding of the history of linguistic sciences through the last half of this century. The last section of this book reviews the applications of some of these findings. Based on the foundation provided by the award winning Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics this volume provides an excellent focal point of reference for anyone interested in the history of the language sciences. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The Church of the East Wilhelm Baum, Dietmar W. Winkler, 2003-12-08 Currently the only complete history in English of the Syriac Church of the East, this work covers the periods of the Sassanians, Arabs, Mongols, Ottomans and the twentieth century. |
| a concise history of the middle east: IB History of Europe & the Middle East Course Book Mariam Habibi, Peyman Jafari, Richard Jone-Nerzic, David Keys, David Smith, 2012-09-06 Ensuring an exhaustive understanding of the modern nation state and cementing source evaluation skills, this course book is packed with primary sources from across the entire region, preparing learners for top achievement. Written with an IB Assessment Consultant and matched to the IB approach to learning, it supports exceptional performance. |
| a concise history of the middle east: Medieval Cuisine of the Islamic World Lilia Zaouali, 2009-09-14 Vinegar and sugar, dried fruit, rose water, spices from India and China, sweet wine made from raisins and dates—these are the flavors of the golden age of Arab cuisine. This book, a delightful culinary adventure that is part history and part cookbook, surveys the gastronomical art that developed at the Caliph's sumptuous palaces in ninth-and tenth-century Baghdad, drew inspiration from Persian, Greco-Roman, and Turkish cooking, and rapidly spread across the Mediterranean. In a charming narrative, Lilia Zaouali brings to life Islam's vibrant culinary heritage. The second half of the book gathers an extensive selection of original recipes drawn from medieval culinary sources along with thirty-one contemporary recipes that evoke the flavors of the Middle Ages. Featuring dishes such as Chicken with Walnuts and Pomegranate, Beef with Pistachios, Bazergan Couscous, Lamb Stew with Fresh Apricots, Tuna and Eggplant Purée with Vinegar and Caraway, and Stuffed Dates, the book also discusses topics such as cookware, utensils, aromatic substances, and condiments, making it both an entertaining read and an informative resource for anyone who enjoys the fine art of cooking. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The Middle East Today Dona J. Stewart, 2008-12-22 The new edition of The Middle East Today provides an accessible and comprehensive introductory textbook for undergraduate students of Middle East Studies, Middle East politics and geography. This updated and revised edition features a host of pedagogical features to assist students with their learning, including; detailed maps and images, case studies on key issues, boxed sections and suggestions for further reading. The book highlights the current issues facing the Middle East, linking them to the rich political, geographical and cultural history of the region. The author examines the crises and conflicts, both current and potential, likely to dominate the region in coming years. The second edition has been fully updated and revised to include discussion of such recent events as: the effects of the Arab Spring Turkey’s growing influence in the region the dramatic increase in Iran’s nuclear capabilities Osama bin Laden’s death and declining support for violent extremist movements in the Middle East. Further supplemented by a companion website containing sample chapters, a selection of maps formatted for use in presentations, and annotated links to online resources and websites, The Middle East Today is an essential resource for all students of Middle East Studies, Middle East politics and geography. |
| a concise history of the middle east: Ike's Gamble Michael Doran, 2016-10-11 In a bold reinterpretation of history, Ike's Gamble shows how the 1956 Suez Crisis taught President Eisenhower that Israel, not Egypt, would have to be America's ally in the region. In 1956 President Nasser of Egypt moved to take possession of the Suez Canal, bringing the Middle East to the brink of war. Distinguished Middle East expert Michael Doran shows how Nasser played the United States, invoking America's opposition to European colonialism to his own benefit. At the same time Nasser made weapons deals with the USSR and destabilized other Arab countries that the United States had been courting. In time, Eisenhower would realize that Nasser had duped him and that the Arab countries were too fractious to anchor America's interests in the Middle East. Affording deep insight into Eisenhower and his foreign policy, this fascinating and provocative history provides a rich new understanding of the tangled path by which the United States became the power broker in the Middle East. -- Back cover. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The First World War in the Middle East Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, Kristian Ulrichsen, 2014 The First World War in the Middle East is an accessibly written military and social history of the clash of world empires in the Dardanelles, Egypt and Palestine, Mesopotamia, Persia and the Caucasus. Coates Ulrichsen demonstrates how wartime exigencies shaped the parameters of the modern Middle East, and describes and assesses the major campaigns against the Ottoman Empire and Germany involving British and imperial troops from the French and Russian Empires, as well as their Arab and Armenian allies. Also documented are the enormous logistical demands placed on host societies by the Great Powers' conduct of industrialised warfare in hostile terrain. The resulting deepening of imperial penetration, and the extension of state controls across a heterogeneous sprawl of territories, generated a powerful backlash both during and immediately after the war, which played a pivotal role in shaping national identities as the Ottoman Empire was dismembered. This is a multidimensional account of the many seemingly discrete yet interlinked campaigns that resulted in one to one and a half million casualties. It details not just their military outcome but relates them to intelligence-gathering, industrial organisation, authoritarianism and the political economy of empires at war. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The Poisoned Well Roger Hardy, 2018 Almost fifty years after Britain and France left the Middle East, the toxic legacies of their rule continue to fester. To make sense of today's conflicts and crises, we need to grasp how Western imperialism shaped the region and its destiny in the half-century between 1917 and 1967. Roger Hardy unearths an imperial history stretching from North Africa to southern Arabia that sowed the seeds of future conflict and poisoned relations between the Middle East and the West. Drawing on a rich cast of eye-witnesses - ranging from nationalists and colonial administrators to soldiers, spies, and courtesans - The Poisoned Well brings to life the making of the modern Middle East, highlighting the great dramas of decolonisation such as the end of the Palestine mandate, the Suez crisis, the Algerian war of independence, and the retreat from Aden. Concise and beautifully written, The Poisoned Well offers a thought-provoking and insightful story of the colonial legacy in the Middle East. |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Concise History of the Middle East Ibrahim Al-Marashi, Arthur Goldschmidt Jr., 2024-10-07 A Concise History of the Middle East provides a comprehensive introduction to the history of this region. Spanning from the pre-Islamic era to the present, it explores the evolution of Middle Eastern institutions and culture, the influence of European colonialism and Western imperialism, regional modernization efforts, the struggle of various peoples for political independence, the Arab–Israeli conflict, the reassertion of Islamist values and power, the issues surrounding the Palestinian Question, and the Middle East following 9/11, the 2011 Arab uprisings, and the regional crisis that erupted after 7 October 2023. The thirteenth edition has been fully revised to reflect the most recent events in, and concerns of, the region, including its future in the face of climate change and challenges in Iraq, and developments in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In addition, the important role of Middle Eastern women in the history of the region is woven into the narrative. New parts and part timelines will help students grasp and contextualize the long and complicated history of the region. With updated biographical sketches and a new concluding chapter, this book remains the quintessential text for students of Middle East history. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The Middle East Sydney Nettleton Fisher, 1960 |
| a concise history of the middle east: The Tail Wags the Dog Efraim Karsh, 2015-08-11 The continuing crisis in Syria has raised questions over the common perception of Middle Eastern affairs as an offshoot of global power politics. To Western intellectuals, foreign policy experts, and politicians, “empire” and “imperialism” are categories that apply exclusively to Europe and more recently to the United States of America. As they see it, Middle Eastern history is the product of its unhappy interaction with these powers. Forming the basis of President Obama's much ballyhooed “new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world,” this outlook is continuing to shape crucial foreign policy among Western governments, but in these pages, Efraim Karsh propounds a radically different interpretation of Middle Eastern experience. He argues that the Western view of Muslims and Arabs as hapless victims is absurd. On the contrary, modern Middle Eastern history has been the culmination of long-existing indigenous trends. Great power influences, however potent, have played a secondary role constituting neither the primary force behind the region's political development nor the main cause of its notorious volatility. Karsh argues it is only when Middle Eastern people disown their victimization mentality and take responsibility for their actions and their Western champions drop their condescending approach to Arabs and Muslims, that the region can at long last look forward to a real “spring.” |
| a concise history of the middle east: The War for Palestine Eugene L. Rogan, Avi Shlaim, 2001 The Arab-Israeli conflict is one of the most intense and intractable international conflicts of modern times. This book is about the historical roots of that conflict. It re-examines the history of 1948, the war in which the newly-born state of Israel defeated the Palestinians and the regular Arab armies of the neighbouring states so decisively. The book includes chapters on all the principal participants, on the reasons for the Palestinian exodus, and on the political and moral consequences of the war. The chapters are written by leading Arab, Israeli and western scholars who draw on primary sources in all relevant languages to offer alternative interpretations and new insights into this defining moment in Middle East history. The result is a major contribution to the literature on the 1948 war. It will command a wide audience from among students and general readers with an interest in the region. |
| a concise history of the middle east: The New Middle East James L. Gelvin, 2018 Before the deluge : the Middle East, 1945-2011 -- The Arab uprisings and their fallout -- The Syria imbroglio -- The rise and decline of ISIS -- Patrons, proxies, and freelancers : the international relations of the new Middle East -- Human security in the new Middle East |
| a concise history of the middle east: A Concise History of Modern Europe David S. Mason, 2011-01-16 Highlighting the most important events, ideas, and individuals that shaped modern Europe, A Concise History of Modern Europe provides a readable, succinct history of the continent from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution to the present day. Avoiding a detailed, lengthy chronology, the book focuses on key events and ideas to explore the causes and consequences of revolutions—be they political, economic, or scientific; the origins and development of human rights and democracy; and issues of European identity. Any reader needing a broad overview of the sweep of European history since 1789 will find this book, published in a first edition under the title Revolutionary Europe, an engaging and cohesive narrative. |
Concise History of the Middle East - Archive.org
Students—and members of the wider English-speaking public—deserve clear explana-tions of the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Middle East’s role in the energy cri-sis, the Islamic resurgence, and …
A Concise History Of The Middle East (Download Only)
Concise History Of The Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt,1991-07 First published in 1979 this college level introductory text ranges chronologically from the beginnings of Islam to the …
A Concise History Of The Middle East Ninth Edition (PDF)
This concise history, a ninth edition refined by decades of scholarship and countless discoveries, aims to unravel the rich tapestry of the Middle East, revealing its vibrant threads and intricate …
A Concise History Of The Middle East - cdn.bookey.app
The first chapter of Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.'s "A Concise History of The Middle East" delves into the historical foundations of the region, tracing the evolution of its ancient civilizations, the …
A Concise History of the MIDDLE EAST - external.dandelon.com
Introduction 1 What Is History? 1 Then and Now, There and Here, 4 The Physical Setting, 6 -Some Descriptive Geography, 6 Conclusion, 9
A Concise History of the Middle East; Thirteenth Edition
“A clear and concise guide to the complex history of the Middle East from the rise of Islam to the fall of ISIS, Goldschmidt and Marashi have written the essential text for all newcomers to …
A Concise History of the Middle East
between Israelis and Palestinians. In A Concise History of the Middle East , Arthur Goldschmidt, a professor of Middle Eastern history at Pennsylvania State University, takes the reader on an …
Goldschmidt, Arthur, & Al-Marashi, Ibrahim. A Concise History …
Identify the various cultural, political, economic and social aspects of the present-day Middle East. Discuss the Arab Spring and how it impacted the Middle East today. Assess how the Arab …
A Concise History Of The Middle East Copy - archive.ncarb.org
A Concise History Of The Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt,1991-07 First published in 1979 this college level introductory text ranges chronologically from the beginnings of Islam to the …
Concise History Of The Middle East - newsite.seeds.ca
This book's concise narrative and selection of primary-source documents make it an ideal introduction to U.S.-Middle East relations for students and for anyone with an interest in …
A Concise History Of The Middle East (Download Only)
Book Concept: A Concise History of the Middle East Logline: From ancient empires to modern revolutions, unravel the complex tapestry of Middle Eastern history in a concise, engaging …
A Concise History of the Middle East - api.pageplace.de
New parts and part timelines will help students grasp and contextualize the long and complicated history of the region. With updated biographical sketches and glossary, and a new concluding …
Concise History Of The Middle East Ninth Edition
This concise history, a ninth edition refined by decades of scholarship and countless discoveries, aims to unravel the rich tapestry of the Middle East, revealing its vibrant threads and intricate …
A Concise History Of The Middle East Ninth Edition
This concise history, a ninth edition refined by decades of scholarship and countless discoveries, aims to unravel the rich tapestry of the Middle East, revealing its vibrant threads and intricate …
A Concise History Of The Middle East .pdf - archive.ncarb.org
Concise History Of The Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt,1991-07 First published in 1979 this college level introductory text ranges chronologically from the beginnings of Islam to the …
A Concise History Of The Middle East (book) - archive.ncarb.org
Concise History of the Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt,1979 A Concise History of the Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.,Ibrahim Al-Marashi,2018-09-03 A Concise History of the Middle East …
Concise History of the Middle East - Archive.org
Students—and members of the wider English-speaking public—deserve clear explana-tions of the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Middle East’s role in the energy cri-sis, the Islamic resurgence, and …
A Concise History Of The Middle East (Download Only)
Concise History Of The Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt,1991-07 First published in 1979 this college level introductory text ranges chronologically from the beginnings of Islam to the …
A Concise History Of The Middle East Ninth Edition (PDF)
This concise history, a ninth edition refined by decades of scholarship and countless discoveries, aims to unravel the rich tapestry of the Middle East, revealing its vibrant threads and intricate …
A Concise History Of The Middle East - cdn.bookey.app
The first chapter of Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.'s "A Concise History of The Middle East" delves into the historical foundations of the region, tracing the evolution of its ancient civilizations, the …
A Concise History of the MIDDLE EAST
Introduction 1 What Is History? 1 Then and Now, There and Here, 4 The Physical Setting, 6 -Some Descriptive Geography, 6 Conclusion, 9
A Concise History of the Middle East; Thirteenth Edition
“A clear and concise guide to the complex history of the Middle East from the rise of Islam to the fall of ISIS, Goldschmidt and Marashi have written the essential text for all newcomers to …
A Concise History of the Middle East
between Israelis and Palestinians. In A Concise History of the Middle East , Arthur Goldschmidt, a professor of Middle Eastern history at Pennsylvania State University, takes the reader on an …
Goldschmidt, Arthur, & Al-Marashi, Ibrahim. A Concise …
Identify the various cultural, political, economic and social aspects of the present-day Middle East. Discuss the Arab Spring and how it impacted the Middle East today. Assess how the Arab …
A Concise History Of The Middle East Copy - archive.ncarb.org
A Concise History Of The Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt,1991-07 First published in 1979 this college level introductory text ranges chronologically from the beginnings of Islam to the …
Concise History Of The Middle East - newsite.seeds.ca
This book's concise narrative and selection of primary-source documents make it an ideal introduction to U.S.-Middle East relations for students and for anyone with an interest in …
A Concise History Of The Middle East (Download Only)
Book Concept: A Concise History of the Middle East Logline: From ancient empires to modern revolutions, unravel the complex tapestry of Middle Eastern history in a concise, engaging …
A Concise History of the Middle East - api.pageplace.de
New parts and part timelines will help students grasp and contextualize the long and complicated history of the region. With updated biographical sketches and glossary, and a new concluding …
Concise History Of The Middle East Ninth Edition
This concise history, a ninth edition refined by decades of scholarship and countless discoveries, aims to unravel the rich tapestry of the Middle East, revealing its vibrant threads and intricate …
A Concise History Of The Middle East Ninth Edition
This concise history, a ninth edition refined by decades of scholarship and countless discoveries, aims to unravel the rich tapestry of the Middle East, revealing its vibrant threads and intricate …
A Concise History Of The Middle East .pdf - archive.ncarb.org
Concise History Of The Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt,1991-07 First published in 1979 this college level introductory text ranges chronologically from the beginnings of Islam to the …
A Concise History Of The Middle East (book)
Concise History of the Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt,1979 A Concise History of the Middle East Arthur Goldschmidt Jr.,Ibrahim Al-Marashi,2018-09-03 A Concise History of the Middle East …
