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A Survey on Quantum Computing Technology: A Comprehensive Overview
Author: Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD, Professor of Quantum Physics and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and leading researcher in quantum algorithms and error correction.
Keywords: quantum computing, quantum technology, quantum algorithms, quantum annealing, quantum supremacy, qubit, superposition, entanglement, quantum error correction, quantum hardware, quantum software, a survey on quantum computing technology, future of quantum computing.
Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive survey on quantum computing technology, exploring its fundamental principles, current advancements, and future potential. We delve into various quantum computing architectures, algorithms, and the challenges that need to be addressed for widespread adoption. This survey on quantum computing technology aims to provide a balanced perspective, covering both the exciting possibilities and the significant hurdles that lie ahead.
1. Introduction: Understanding the Quantum Leap
The field of quantum computing is rapidly evolving, promising to revolutionize various sectors, from drug discovery and materials science to financial modeling and artificial intelligence. A survey on quantum computing technology, like this one, is crucial for understanding the current state-of-the-art and potential future developments. Unlike classical computers that rely on bits representing 0 or 1, quantum computers leverage the principles of quantum mechanics, employing qubits that can exist in a superposition of both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This, combined with phenomena like entanglement, allows quantum computers to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than their classical counterparts. This survey on quantum computing technology will unpack these concepts further.
2. Fundamental Principles: Qubits and Quantum Phenomena
At the heart of any discussion on a survey on quantum computing technology lies the understanding of qubits. These fundamental units of quantum information exploit quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement. Superposition allows a qubit to exist in multiple states simultaneously, while entanglement links the fates of multiple qubits, regardless of the physical distance separating them. These properties are the foundation of quantum algorithms' enhanced computational power. Understanding these principles is paramount for anyone engaging with a survey on quantum computing technology.
3. Quantum Computing Architectures: A Diverse Landscape
Several approaches are being pursued in the development of quantum computers. A survey on quantum computing technology would be incomplete without exploring this diverse landscape:
Superconducting Qubits: This dominant approach utilizes superconducting circuits cooled to extremely low temperatures to create and manipulate qubits. Companies like Google, IBM, and Rigetti are heavily invested in this technology.
Trapped Ions: This approach uses individually trapped ions as qubits, manipulated using lasers. IonQ and Honeywell are notable players in this space.
Photonic Qubits: Photons, particles of light, are used as qubits in this approach, leveraging their inherent stability and ease of transmission.
Neutral Atoms: Similar to trapped ions, this approach uses neutral atoms as qubits, offering potential scalability advantages.
Quantum Annealing: A specialized approach, quantum annealing focuses on finding the global minimum of a complex energy landscape. D-Wave Systems is the leading company in this area. A survey on quantum computing technology should differentiate between this specialized approach and universal quantum computers.
4. Quantum Algorithms: Unlocking Computational Power
The power of quantum computers lies not just in their hardware but also in the algorithms designed to exploit their unique capabilities. A survey on quantum computing technology must highlight some key algorithms:
Shor's Algorithm: This algorithm can factor large numbers exponentially faster than the best known classical algorithms, posing a significant threat to current encryption methods.
Grover's Algorithm: This algorithm provides a quadratic speedup for searching unsorted databases compared to classical algorithms.
Quantum Simulation: Quantum computers can simulate quantum systems with unprecedented accuracy, opening doors for advancements in materials science and drug discovery.
5. Challenges and Roadblocks: The Path to Practical Quantum Computing
Despite the significant progress, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of quantum computing. A survey on quantum computing technology must acknowledge these critical hurdles:
Qubit Coherence: Maintaining the delicate quantum states of qubits for extended periods is crucial. Decoherence, the loss of quantum information, remains a significant obstacle.
Scalability: Building large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers is a monumental engineering challenge.
Error Correction: Developing robust error correction techniques is vital for ensuring the accuracy of quantum computations.
Quantum Software Development: The development of quantum algorithms and software tools is still in its nascent stages.
6. Applications and Impact: Transforming Industries
The potential applications of quantum computing are vast and far-reaching. A survey on quantum computing technology should showcase the transformative impact it promises to have across various sectors:
Drug Discovery and Development: Simulating molecular interactions to design new drugs and therapies.
Materials Science: Discovering novel materials with enhanced properties.
Financial Modeling: Developing more accurate and efficient financial models.
Artificial Intelligence: Boosting the performance of machine learning algorithms.
Cryptography: Developing new cryptographic techniques resistant to quantum attacks.
7. Current State and Future Outlook: A Survey on Quantum Computing Technology's Trajectory
A survey on quantum computing technology needs to assess the current landscape, with multiple companies and research institutions actively pursuing different quantum computing approaches. While fully fault-tolerant, large-scale quantum computers are still years away, the progress made is significant. The next decade will likely witness the emergence of more powerful quantum computers, capable of tackling increasingly complex problems.
8. Conclusion
This survey on quantum computing technology has provided a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field, covering its fundamental principles, architectural approaches, algorithmic advancements, challenges, and potential applications. While significant hurdles remain, the potential benefits of quantum computing are undeniable. Continued research and development are crucial to realizing the transformative potential of this revolutionary technology. The future of computing is quantum, and a survey on quantum computing technology like this one is a vital guide to navigating this exciting frontier.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between a classical computer and a quantum computer? Classical computers use bits representing 0 or 1, while quantum computers use qubits that can be 0, 1, or a superposition of both.
2. What is quantum supremacy? Quantum supremacy refers to the point when a quantum computer can solve a problem that is practically impossible for even the most powerful classical computers.
3. What are the major challenges in building quantum computers? Maintaining qubit coherence, scaling up the number of qubits, and developing effective error correction techniques are major challenges.
4. What are the potential applications of quantum computing? Potential applications span drug discovery, materials science, financial modeling, artificial intelligence, and cryptography.
5. How long will it take before quantum computers become widely available? Fully fault-tolerant, large-scale quantum computers are still years away, but smaller, specialized quantum computers are already being used for certain applications.
6. What is quantum annealing? Quantum annealing is a specialized type of quantum computing designed to solve optimization problems.
7. What is the role of quantum algorithms? Quantum algorithms are designed to exploit the unique capabilities of quantum computers to solve problems more efficiently than classical algorithms.
8. What is qubit coherence? Qubit coherence refers to the ability of a qubit to maintain its quantum state without being disturbed by its environment.
9. What is the difference between different types of qubits (superconducting, trapped ions, etc.)? Different types of qubits have different strengths and weaknesses in terms of coherence times, scalability, and controllability.
Related Articles:
1. "Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects" (Nature): A review article summarizing the current state of quantum computing research and development.
2. "Quantum Algorithm Implementations for Beginners" (arXiv): A tutorial introducing the implementation of quantum algorithms on different quantum computing platforms.
3. "Quantum Error Correction: An Overview" (Review of Modern Physics): A detailed review of quantum error correction techniques.
4. "A Survey of Quantum Annealing" (IEEE Transactions on Computers): A comprehensive survey on the principles and applications of quantum annealing.
5. "Quantum Computing for Finance" (Journal of Financial Econometrics): An exploration of the applications of quantum computing in the financial industry.
6. "Quantum Simulation of Molecular Systems" (Science): A discussion on the use of quantum computers to simulate molecular systems.
7. "Quantum Machine Learning: A Brief Overview" (Quantum Information Processing): An introduction to the field of quantum machine learning.
8. "The Future of Quantum Computing" (MIT Technology Review): A perspective on the potential future impact of quantum computing.
9. "Quantum Supremacy Using a Programmable Superconducting Processor" (Nature): A landmark paper announcing the achievement of quantum supremacy by Google.
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum Information, Computation and Cryptography Fabio Benatti, Mark Fannes, Roberto Floreanini, Dimitri Petritis, 2010-09-21 This multi-authored textbook addresses graduate students with a background in physics, mathematics or computer science. No research experience is necessary. Consequently, rather than comprehensively reviewing the vast body of knowledge and literature gathered in the past twenty years, this book concentrates on a number of carefully selected aspects of quantum information theory and technology. Given the highly interdisciplinary nature of the subject, the multi-authored approach brings together different points of view from various renowned experts, providing a coherent picture of the subject matter. The book consists of ten chapters and includes examples, problems, and exercises. The first five present the mathematical tools required for a full comprehension of various aspects of quantum mechanics, classical information, and coding theory. Chapter 6 deals with the manipulation and transmission of information in the quantum realm. Chapters 7 and 8 discuss experimental implementations of quantum information ideas using photons and atoms. Finally, chapters 9 and 10 address ground-breaking applications in cryptography and computation. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum Computing National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Intelligence Community Studies Board, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Committee on Technical Assessment of the Feasibility and Implications of Quantum Computing, 2019-04-27 Quantum mechanics, the subfield of physics that describes the behavior of very small (quantum) particles, provides the basis for a new paradigm of computing. First proposed in the 1980s as a way to improve computational modeling of quantum systems, the field of quantum computing has recently garnered significant attention due to progress in building small-scale devices. However, significant technical advances will be required before a large-scale, practical quantum computer can be achieved. Quantum Computing: Progress and Prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. This report considers hardware and software requirements, quantum algorithms, drivers of advances in quantum computing and quantum devices, benchmarks associated with relevant use cases, the time and resources required, and how to assess the probability of success. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Applications and Principles of Quantum Computing Khang, Alex, 2024-01-31 In a world driven by technology and data, classical computing faces limitations in tackling complex challenges like climate modeling and financial risk assessment. These barriers impede our aspirations to revolutionize industries and solve intricate real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we must embrace quantum computing. Edited by Alex Khang PH, Principles and Applications of Quantum Computing is a transformative solution to this challenge. It delves into the interdisciplinary realms of computer science, physics, and mathematics, unveiling the incredible potential of quantum computing, which outperforms supercomputers by 158 million times. This technology, rooted in quantum mechanics, offers solutions to global problems and opens new frontiers in AI, cybersecurity, finance, drug development, and more. By engaging with this book, you become a pioneer in the quantum revolution, contributing to reshaping the limits of what's achievable in our digital age. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Handbook of Research on Quantum Computing for Smart Environments Tyagi, Amit Kumar, 2023-03-03 Today, computation is an essential component of every technology. However, there has not been much research on quantum computing, even though it has the capability to solve complex problems in an efficient way. Further study is required to fully understand the uses and benefits of this technology. The Handbook of Research on Quantum Computing for Smart Environments presents investigating physical realizations of quantum computers, encoders, and decoders, including photonic quantum realization, cavity quantum electrodynamics, and many more topics on Bits to Qubits. Covering key topics such as machine learning, software, quantum algorithms, and neural networks, this major reference work is ideal for engineers, computer scientists, physicists, mathematicians, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Proceedings of Ninth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology Xin-She Yang, |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: From Encryption to Quantum Computing Ot van Daalen, |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence Pethuru Raj, Abhishek Kumar, Ashutosh Kumar Dubey, Surbhi Bhatia, Oswalt Manoj S, 2023-08-21 |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Advanced Quantum Communications Sandor Imre, Laszlo Gyongyosi, 2012-11-27 The book provides an overview of the most advanced quantum informational geometric techniques, which can help quantum communication theorists analyze quantum channels, such as security or additivity properties. Each section addresses an area of major research of quantum information theory and quantum communication networks. The authors present the fundamental theoretical results of quantum information theory, while also presenting the details of advanced quantum ccommunication protocols with clear mathematical and information theoretical background. This book bridges the gap between quantum physics, quantum information theory, and practical engineering. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum-Safe Cryptography Algorithms and Approaches Satya Prakash Yadav, Raghuraj Singh, Vibhash Yadav, Fadi Al-Turjman, Swarn Avinash Kumar, 2023-08-07 |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Dancing with Qubits Robert S. Sutor, 2019-11-28 Explore the principles and practicalities of quantum computing Key Features Discover how quantum computing works and delve into the math behind it with this quantum computing textbook Learn how it may become the most important new computer technology of the century Explore the inner workings of quantum computing technology to quickly process complex cloud data and solve problems Book DescriptionQuantum computing is making us change the way we think about computers. Quantum bits, a.k.a. qubits, can make it possible to solve problems that would otherwise be intractable with current computing technology. Dancing with Qubits is a quantum computing textbook that starts with an overview of why quantum computing is so different from classical computing and describes several industry use cases where it can have a major impact. From there it moves on to a fuller description of classical computing and the mathematical underpinnings necessary to understand such concepts as superposition, entanglement, and interference. Next up is circuits and algorithms, both basic and more sophisticated. It then nicely moves on to provide a survey of the physics and engineering ideas behind how quantum computing hardware is built. Finally, the book looks to the future and gives you guidance on understanding how further developments will affect you. Really understanding quantum computing requires a lot of math, and this book doesn't shy away from the necessary math concepts you'll need. Each topic is introduced and explained thoroughly, in clear English with helpful examples.What you will learn See how quantum computing works, delve into the math behind it, what makes it different, and why it is so powerful with this quantum computing textbook Discover the complex, mind-bending mechanics that underpin quantum systems Understand the necessary concepts behind classical and quantum computing Refresh and extend your grasp of essential mathematics, computing, and quantum theory Explore the main applications of quantum computing to the fields of scientific computing, AI, and elsewhere Examine a detailed overview of qubits, quantum circuits, and quantum algorithm Who this book is for Dancing with Qubits is a quantum computing textbook for those who want to deeply explore the inner workings of quantum computing. This entails some sophisticated mathematical exposition and is therefore best suited for those with a healthy interest in mathematics, physics, engineering, and computer science. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum Computing and Communications Sandor Imre, Ferenc Balazs, 2013-05-29 Quantum computers will revolutionize the way telecommunications networks function. Quantum computing holds the promise of solving problems that would be intractable with conventional computers by implementing principles from quantum physics in the development of computer hardware, software and communications equipment. Quantum-assisted computing will be the first step towards full quantum systems, and will cause immense disruption of our traditional networks. The world’s biggest manufacturers are investing large amounts of resources to develop crucial quantum-assisted circuits and devices. Quantum Computing and Communications: Gives an overview of basic quantum computing algorithms and their enhanced versions such as efficient database searching, counting and phase estimation. Introduces quantum-assisted solutions for telecom problems including multi-user detection in mobile systems, routing in IP based networks, and secure ciphering key distribution. Includes an accompanying website featuring exercises (with solution manual) and sample algorithms from the classical telecom world, corresponding quantum-based solutions, bridging the gap between pure theory and engineering practice. This book provides telecommunications engineers, as well as graduate students and researchers in the fields of computer science and telecommunications, with a wide overview of quantum computing & communications and a wealth of essential, practical information. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Supervised Learning with Quantum Computers Maria Schuld, Francesco Petruccione, 2018-08-30 Quantum machine learning investigates how quantum computers can be used for data-driven prediction and decision making. The books summarises and conceptualises ideas of this relatively young discipline for an audience of computer scientists and physicists from a graduate level upwards. It aims at providing a starting point for those new to the field, showcasing a toy example of a quantum machine learning algorithm and providing a detailed introduction of the two parent disciplines. For more advanced readers, the book discusses topics such as data encoding into quantum states, quantum algorithms and routines for inference and optimisation, as well as the construction and analysis of genuine ``quantum learning models''. A special focus lies on supervised learning, and applications for near-term quantum devices. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum Software Iaakov Exman, Ricardo Perez-Castillo, Mario Piattini, Michael Felderer, 2024 This open access book explains the state of the art in quantum software engineering and design, independent from a specific hardware. It deals with quantum software theoretical aspects and with classical software engineering concepts like agile development approaches, validation, measurement, and deployment applied in a quantum or hybrid environment, and is complemented by a number of various industry applications. After an introductory chapter overviewing the contents of the subsequent chapters, the book is composed of three parts. It starts with a theoretical part on quantum software, as a bold declaration that quantum software theory is deep and valuable independent from the existence of specific quantum hardware. It is based upon the claim that quantum software is the more general theory subsuming classical and hybrid software system theories. The second, more extensive part deals with quantum software system and engineering design. Its quality follows from the comparison of the broad diversity of sometimes conflicting views. Moreover, the variety of approaches to design, enable the reader to make a well-pondered rational choice of preference. The book concludes with a third part, referring to multiple software applications and corresponding laboratory experiences, in order to understand their implications in practice and avoid repeating past mistakes. This book is of interest to industry professionals and researchers in academia, which are either producing or applying quantum software systems in their work or are considering their potential utility in the future. Furthermore, it also could be beneficial for practitioners already experienced with classical software engineering who desire to understand the fundamentals or possible applications of quantum software. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet of Everything and Quantum Information Processing Valentina E. Balas, |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Intelligent Computing Kohei Arai, 2022-07-06 The book, “Intelligent Computing - Proceedings of the 2022 Computing Conference”, is a comprehensive collection of chapters focusing on the core areas of computing and their further applications in the real world. Each chapter is a paper presented at the Computing Conference 2022 held on July 14-15, 2022. Computing 2022 attracted a total of 498 submissions which underwent a double-blind peer-review process. Of those 498 submissions, 179 submissions have been selected to be included in this book. The goal of this conference is to give a platform to researchers with fundamental contributions and to be a premier venue for academic and industry practitioners to share new ideas and development experiences. We hope that readers find this book interesting and valuable as it provides the state-of-the-art intelligent methods and techniques for solving real-world problems. We also expect that the conference and its publications will be a trigger for further related research and technology improvements in this important subject. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Classical and Quantum Computation Alexei Yu. Kitaev, Alexander Shen, Mikhail N. Vyalyi, 2002 An introduction to a rapidly developing topic: the theory of quantum computing. Following the basics of classical theory of computation, the book provides an exposition of quantum computation theory. In concluding sections, related topics, including parallel quantum computation, are discussed. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum Computing and Supply Chain Management: A New Era of Optimization Hassan, Ahdi, Bhattacharya, Pronaya, Dutta, Pushan Kumar, Verma, Jai Prakash, Kundu, Neel Kanth, 2024-07-23 Today's supply chains are becoming more complex and interconnected. As a result, traditional optimization engines struggle to cope with the increasing demands for real-time order fulfillment and inventory management. With the expansion and diversification of supply chain networks, these engines require additional support to handle the growing complexity effectively. This poses a significant challenge for supply chain professionals who must find efficient and cost-effective solutions to streamline their operations and promptly meet customer demands. Quantum Computing and Supply Chain Management: A New Era of Optimization offers a transformative solution to these challenges. By harnessing the power of quantum computing, this book explores how supply chain planners can overcome the limitations of traditional optimization engines. Quantum computing's ability to process vast amounts of data from IoT sensors in real time can revolutionize inventory management, resource allocation, and logistics within the supply chain. It provides a theoretical framework and practical examples to illustrate how quantum algorithms can enhance transparency, optimize dynamic inventory allocation, and improve supply chain resilience. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition Khosrow-Pour, D.B.A., Mehdi, 2017-06-20 In recent years, our world has experienced a profound shift and progression in available computing and knowledge sharing innovations. These emerging advancements have developed at a rapid pace, disseminating into and affecting numerous aspects of contemporary society. This has created a pivotal need for an innovative compendium encompassing the latest trends, concepts, and issues surrounding this relevant discipline area. During the past 15 years, the Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology has become recognized as one of the landmark sources of the latest knowledge and discoveries in this discipline. The Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition is a 10-volume set which includes 705 original and previously unpublished research articles covering a full range of perspectives, applications, and techniques contributed by thousands of experts and researchers from around the globe. This authoritative encyclopedia is an all-encompassing, well-established reference source that is ideally designed to disseminate the most forward-thinking and diverse research findings. With critical perspectives on the impact of information science management and new technologies in modern settings, including but not limited to computer science, education, healthcare, government, engineering, business, and natural and physical sciences, it is a pivotal and relevant source of knowledge that will benefit every professional within the field of information science and technology and is an invaluable addition to every academic and corporate library. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Emerging Computing Techniques in Engineering Matthew N. O. Sadiku, 2022-11-17 The book is divided into three volumes to cover all computing topics. This is the first volume and it has 23 chapters. It focuses on general computing techniques such as cloud computing, grid computing, pervasive computing, optical computing, web computing, parallel computing, distributed computing, high-performance computing, GPU computing, exascale & extreme computing, in-memory computing, embedded computing, quantum computing, and green computing |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Neuromorphic Computing and Beyond Khaled Salah Mohamed, 2020-01-25 This book discusses and compares several new trends that can be used to overcome Moore’s law limitations, including Neuromorphic, Approximate, Parallel, In Memory, and Quantum Computing. The author shows how these paradigms are used to enhance computing capability as developers face the practical and physical limitations of scaling, while the demand for computing power keeps increasing. The discussion includes a state-of-the-art overview and the essential details of each of these paradigms. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum and Blockchain for Modern Computing Systems: Vision and Advancements Adarsh Kumar, Sukhpal Singh Gill, Ajith Abraham, 2022-07-21 This book states that blockchain technology provides a secure distributed, peer-to-peer, and decentralized network with advanced cryptography primitives and protocols. The important question that arises in the quantum computing world is to test the existing blockchain networks against quantum attacks and design quantum computing enabled secure blockchain solutions. This book encourages professionals from different fields to provide blockchain and quantum technology-integrated solutions that incorporate low-cost, effective QoS, fast, secure, and futuristic demands. This book has surveyed and proposed approaches that improve quantum computing and cryptography protocols. Quantum computing and quantum science are not just helpful in software but the hardware world as well. To design networks with quantum science, quantum-enabled devices like quantum memories and quantum repeaters can be useful to demonstrate for organizations. For example, designing a single quantum repeater for long-distance quantum communication is useful in reducing the network cost, and ensuring better security levels. This book has introduced the quantum computing and blockchain technology aspects, their integration approaches and future directions. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Information Security and Cryptology – ICISC 2022 Seung-Hyun Seo, Hwajeong Seo, 2023-03-30 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th International Conference, ICISC 2022, held in Seoul, South Korea, during November 30–December 2, 2022. The 24 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Public Key Encryption with Hierarchical Authorized Keyword Search, Implicit Key-stretching Security of Encryption Schemes. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Physics and Computation Armond Duwell, 2021-09-23 This Element has three main aims. First, it aims to help the reader understand the concept of computation that Turing developed, his corresponding results, and what those results indicate about the limits of computational possibility. Second, it aims to bring the reader up to speed on analyses of computation in physical systems which provide the most general characterizations of what it takes for a physical system to be a computational system. Third, it aims to introduce the reader to some different kinds of quantum computers, describe quantum speedup, and present some explanation sketches of quantum speedup. If successful, this Element will equip the reader with a basic knowledge necessary for pursuing these topics in more detail. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum Machine Learning S Karthikeyan, M Akila, D. Sumathi, T Poongodi, 2024-10-28 This book presents the research into and application of machine learning in quantum computation, known as quantum machine learning (QML). It presents a comparison of quantum machine learning, classical machine learning, and traditional programming, along with the usage of quantum computing, toward improving traditional machine learning algorithms through case studies. In summary, the book: Covers the core and fundamental aspects of statistics, quantum learning, and quantum machines. Discusses the basics of machine learning, regression, supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, and artificial neural networks. Elaborates upon quantum machine learning models, quantum machine learning approaches and quantum classification, and boosting. Introduces quantum evaluation models, deep quantum learning, ensembles, and QBoost. Presents case studies to demonstrate the efficiency of quantum mechanics in industrial aspects. This reference text is primarily written for scholars and researchers working in the fields of computer science and engineering, information technology, electrical engineering, and electronics and communication engineering. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Industrial Engineering and Applications L.-C. Tang, 2023-08-09 The field of industrial engineering (IE) has a very wide scope, from production processes and automation to supply chain management, but the scope of IE techniques has expanded beyond the traditional domains of application, and is now relevant to areas that matter most to society at large. This book presents the proceedings of ICIEA 2023, the 10th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications, held in Phuket, Thailand, from 4 to 6 April 2023. The conference was conducted in hybrid mode, with close to 100 delegates attending in person and about 50 participants attending online. A total of 272 submissions were received for the conference, of which 120 were accepted for presentation with 83 of those published here as full papers. These papers cover a wide range of topics within the scope of industrial and systems engineering, including but not limited to: supply chain and logistics; quality and reliability; advanced manufacturing; and production scheduling to ergonomics and man-machine systems interfaces. In particular, a significant number of papers are devoted to machine learning techniques and applications beyond the traditional manufacturing sector, to include healthcare, sustainability assessment, and other social issues. Offering an overview of recent research and novel applications, the book will be of interest to all those whose work involves the application of industrial engineering techniques. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Unlocking Quantum Information Technology Davide La Torre, Faisal Shah Khan, 2024-10-04 This book explores the dynamic intersection of quantum computing and management strategy, offering an exploration of this cutting-edge technology's potential impact. From its inception to its current state, the book traces the evolution of quantum computing, providing readers with a contextual understanding of its development. It illuminates the transformative power of quantum computing and its implications for business and management practices. Through case studies and expert analysis, readers gain insights into how quantum computing can revolutionize data analysis, optimization, and cybersecurity. The chapters in this book equip managers and entrepreneurs with the knowledge and foresight needed to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the quantum computing era. Unlocking Quantum Information Technology will be beneficial to a mixed audience of specialists, analysts, scholars, researchers, academics and students in fields of business and management, especially those interested in quantum computing and technology, machine learning and artificial technology. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum Computing: An Applied Approach Jack D. Hidary, 2021-09-29 This book integrates the foundations of quantum computing with a hands-on coding approach to this emerging field; it is the first to bring these elements together in an updated manner. This work is suitable for both academic coursework and corporate technical training. The second edition includes extensive updates and revisions, both to textual content and to the code. Sections have been added on quantum machine learning, quantum error correction, Dirac notation and more. This new edition benefits from the input of the many faculty, students, corporate engineering teams, and independent readers who have used the first edition. This volume comprises three books under one cover: Part I outlines the necessary foundations of quantum computing and quantum circuits. Part II walks through the canon of quantum computing algorithms and provides code on a range of quantum computing methods in current use. Part III covers the mathematical toolkit required to master quantum computing. Additional resources include a table of operators and circuit elements and a companion GitHub site providing code and updates. Jack D. Hidary is a research scientist in quantum computing and in AI at Alphabet X, formerly Google X. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2021 Mehdi Tibouchi, Huaxiong Wang, 2021-11-30 The four-volume proceedings LNCS 13090, 13091, 13092, and 13093 constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, ASIACRYPT 2021, which was held during December 6-10, 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Singapore, but changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 95 full papers presented in these proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 341 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Best paper awards; public-key cryptanalysis; symmetric key cryptanalysis; quantum security; Part II: physical attacks, leakage and countermeasures; multiparty computation; enhanced public-key encryption and time-lock puzzles; real-world protocols; Part III: NIZK and SNARKs; theory; symmetric-key constructions; homomorphic encryption and encrypted search; Part IV: Lattice cryptanalysis; post-quantum cryptography; advanced encryption and signatures; zero-knowledge proofs, threshold and multi-signatures; authenticated key exchange. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Topics in Artificial Intelligence Applied to Industry 4.0 Mahmoud Ragab AL-Refaey, Amit Kumar Tyagi, Abdullah Saad AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi, Swetta Kukreja, 2024-07-15 Forward thinking resource discussing emerging AI and IoT technologies and how they are applied to Industry 4.0 Topics in Artificial Intelligence Applied to Industry 4.0 discusses the design principles, technologies, and applications of emerging AI and IoT solutions on Industry 4.0, explaining how to make improvements in infrastructure through emerging technologies. Providing a clear connection with different technologies such as IoT, Big Data, AR and VR and Blockchain, this book presents security, privacy, trust, and other issues whilst delving into real-world problems and case studies. The text takes a highly practical approach, with a clear insight on how readers can increase productivity by drastically shortening the time period between the development of a new product and its delivery to customers in the market by 50%. This book also discusses how to save energy across systems to ensure competitiveness in a global market, and become more responsive in how they produce products and services for their consumers, such as by investing in flexible production lines. Written by highly qualified authors, Topics in Artificial Intelligence Applied to Industry 4.0 explores sample topics such as: Quantum machine learning, neural network implementation, and cloud and data analytics for effective analysis of industrial data Computer vision, emerging networking technologies, industrial data spaces, and an industry vision for 2030 in both developing and developed nations Novel or improved nature-inspired optimization algorithms in enhancing Industry 5.0 and the connectivity of any components for smart environment Future professions in agriculture, medicine, education, fitness, R&D, and transport and communication as a result of new technologies Aimed at researchers and students in the interdisciplinary fields of Smart Manufacturing and Smart Applications, Topics in Artificial Intelligence Applied to Industry 4.0 provides the perfect overview of technology from the perspective of modern society and operational environment. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition Khosrow-Pour, Mehdi, 2014-07-31 This 10-volume compilation of authoritative, research-based articles contributed by thousands of researchers and experts from all over the world emphasized modern issues and the presentation of potential opportunities, prospective solutions, and future directions in the field of information science and technology--Provided by publisher. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Cyber Security Using Modern Technologies Om Pal, Vinod Kumar, Rijwan Khan, Bashir Alam, Mansaf Alam, 2023-08-02 The main objective of this book is to introduce cyber security using modern technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Cryptography, and Blockchain. This book provides in-depth coverage of important concepts related to cyber security. Beginning with an introduction to Quantum Computing, Post-Quantum Digital Signatures, and Artificial Intelligence for cyber security of modern networks and covering various cyber-attacks and the defense measures, strategies, and techniques that need to be followed to combat them, this book goes on to explore several crucial topics, such as security of advanced metering infrastructure in smart grids, key management protocols, network forensics, intrusion detection using machine learning, cloud computing security risk assessment models and frameworks, cyber-physical energy systems security, a biometric random key generator using deep neural network and encrypted network traffic classification. In addition, this book provides new techniques to handle modern threats with more intelligence. It also includes some modern techniques for cyber security, such as blockchain for modern security, quantum cryptography, and forensic tools. Also, it provides a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge research on the cyber security of modern networks, giving the reader a general overview of the field. It also provides interdisciplinary solutions to protect modern networks from any type of attack or manipulation. The new protocols discussed in this book thoroughly examine the constraints of networks, including computation, communication, and storage cost constraints, and verifies the protocols both theoretically and experimentally. Written in a clear and comprehensive manner, this book would prove extremely helpful to readers. This unique and comprehensive solution for the cyber security of modern networks will greatly benefit researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the fields of cryptography and network security. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Beyond Silicon: Advancements and Trends in Modern Computer Technology Dr. R. Sarankumar, Shravan Pargaonkar, 2023-02-07 Discover the latest trends and advancements in computer technology beyond traditional silicon-based systems. This book highlights innovations in hardware and computing paradigms, providing a glimpse into the future of technology and its potential to reshape industries. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Integration of AI, Quantum Computing, and Semiconductor Technology Mishra, Brojo Kishore, 2024-10-29 The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and semiconductor technology offers improved innovation to redefine computational power and capabilities. As AI drives advances in machine learning and data processing, quantum computing revolutionizes problem-solving with its ability to handle complex calculations at improved speeds. Advancements in semiconductor technology push the limits of processing efficiency and miniaturization. Continued exploration on this convergence may accelerate breakthroughs in various fields such as cryptography, material science, and healthcare. Integration of AI, Quantum Computing, and Semiconductor Technology explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and semiconductor technology within the context of quantum computing. It offers a comprehensive analysis of the current advancements, challenges, and potential applications resulting from this convergence. This book covers topics such as cyber security, healthcare monitoring, and machine learning, and is a useful resource for computer engineers, energy scientists, business owners, healthcare administrators, environmental scientists, academicians, and researchers. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Technological Breakthroughs and Future Business Opportunities in Education, Health, and Outer Space Hooke, Angus, 2021-04-09 It is widely accepted that the key to rising incomes for workers, for investors, and (indirectly) for welfare recipients is innovation. New ideas provide opportunities for investment in new products, new processes, and new markets. Exploitation of these opportunities by intrapreneurs and entrepreneurs gives rise to increases in labor productivity, which in turn lead to higher primary incomes for workers and investors and, via government redistributive mechanisms, larger transfers to welfare recipients. Since technology is the driver of innovation and the key to the subsequent economic and distributional benefits of this innovation, there is a need for researchers and businesspersons to have access to up-to-date information on emerging technologies and the business opportunities they provide. Technological Breakthroughs and Future Business Opportunities in Education, Health, and Outer Space discusses the economic, social, and cultural benefits that new technologies can provide in multidisciplinary industries with a unique emphasis on looking towards the impacts of these technologies across the next two decades. Within this theme, the book discusses the recent trends, future developments, and business opportunities surrounding new technologies including information technology and biotechnology. Additionally, the book investigates recent demands and disruptions in the health and education sectors as well as recent developments and forthcoming opportunities in the outer space sector and how newer technologies can enable and meet the growing demands of these industries. While covering all these technologies and their applications, this book is an ideal reference work for entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs, teachers, technologists, analysts, IT specialists, engineers, policymakers, medical professionals, government officials, space agencies, financial planners, public officials, and researchers and students working in areas that include but are not limited to technology, education, public health, medicine, business and management, aeronautics, and public policy. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Practical Quantum Computing for Developers Vladimir Silva, 2018-12-12 Write algorithms and program in the new field of quantum computing. This book covers major topics such as the physical components of a quantum computer: qubits, entanglement, logic gates, circuits, and how they differ from a traditional computer. Also, Practical Quantum Computing for Developers discusses quantum computing in the cloud using IBM Q Experience including: the composer, quantum scores, experiments, circuits, simulators, real quantum devices, and more. You’ll be able to run experiments in the cloud on a real quantum device. Furthermore, this book shows you how to do quantum programming using the QISKit (Quantum Information Software Kit), Python SDK, and other APIs such as QASM (Quantum Assembly). You’ll learn to write code using these languages and execute it against simulators (local or remote) or a real quantum computer provided by IBM’s Q Experience. Finally, you’ll learn the current quantum algorithms for entanglement, random number generation, linear search, integer factorization, and others. You’ll peak inside the inner workings of the Bell states for entanglement, Grover’s algorithm for linear search, Shor’s algorithm for integer factorization, and other algorithms in the fields of optimization, and more. Along the way you’ll also cover game theory with the Magic Square, an example of quantum pseudo-telepathy where parties sharing entangled states can be observed to have some kind of communication between them. In this game Alice and Bob play against a referee. Quantum mechanics allows Alice and Bob to always win! By the end of this book, you will understand how this emerging technology provides massive parallelism and significant computational speedups over classical computers, and will be prepared to program quantum computers which are expected to replace traditional computers in the data center. What You Will LearnUse the Q Experience Composer, the first-of-its-kind web console to create visual programs/experiments and submit them to a quantum simulator or real device on the cloud Run programs remotely using the Q Experience REST API Write algorithms that provide superior performance over their classical counterparts Build a Node.js REST client for authenticating, listing remote devices, querying information about quantum processors, and listing or running experiments remotely in the cloud Create a quantum number generator: The quintessential coin flip with a quantum twist Discover quantum teleportation: This algorithm demonstrates how the exact state of a qubit (quantum information) can be transmitted from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and quantum entanglement between the sender and receiver Peek into single qubit operations with the classic game of Battleships with a quantum twist Handle the counterfeit coin problem: a classic puzzle that consists of finding a counterfeit coin in a beam balance among eight coins in only two turns Who This Book Is For Developers and programmers interested in this new field of computing. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Programming Quantum Computers Eric R. Johnston, Nic Harrigan, Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia, 2019-07-03 Quantum computers are poised to kick-start a new computing revolution—and you can join in right away. If you’re in software engineering, computer graphics, data science, or just an intrigued computerphile, this book provides a hands-on programmer’s guide to understanding quantum computing. Rather than labor through math and theory, you’ll work directly with examples that demonstrate this technology’s unique capabilities. Quantum computing specialists Eric Johnston, Nic Harrigan, and Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia show you how to build the skills, tools, and intuition required to write quantum programs at the center of applications. You’ll understand what quantum computers can do and learn how to identify the types of problems they can solve. This book includes three multichapter sections: Programming for a QPU—Explore core concepts for programming quantum processing units, including how to describe and manipulate qubits and how to perform quantum teleportation. QPU Primitives—Learn algorithmic primitives and techniques, including amplitude amplification, the Quantum Fourier Transform, and phase estimation. QPU Applications—Investigate how QPU primitives are used to build existing applications, including quantum search techniques and Shor’s factoring algorithm. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Michael A. Nielsen, Isaac L. Chuang, 2010-12-09 One of the most cited books in physics of all time, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information remains the best textbook in this exciting field of science. This 10th anniversary edition includes an introduction from the authors setting the work in context. This comprehensive textbook describes such remarkable effects as fast quantum algorithms, quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography and quantum error-correction. Quantum mechanics and computer science are introduced before moving on to describe what a quantum computer is, how it can be used to solve problems faster than 'classical' computers and its real-world implementation. It concludes with an in-depth treatment of quantum information. Containing a wealth of figures and exercises, this well-known textbook is ideal for courses on the subject, and will interest beginning graduate students and researchers in physics, computer science, mathematics, and electrical engineering. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Network Architecture, Mobile Computing, and Data Analytics Khosrow-Pour, D.B.A., Mehdi, 2018-10-19 From cloud computing to data analytics, society stores vast supplies of information through wireless networks and mobile computing. As organizations are becoming increasingly more wireless, ensuring the security and seamless function of electronic gadgets while creating a strong network is imperative. Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Network Architecture, Mobile Computing, and Data Analytics highlights the challenges associated with creating a strong network architecture in a perpetually online society. Readers will learn various methods in building a seamless mobile computing option and the most effective means of analyzing big data. This book is an important resource for information technology professionals, software developers, data analysts, graduate-level students, researchers, computer engineers, and IT specialists seeking modern information on emerging methods in data mining, information technology, and wireless networks. |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Emerging Trends in ICT Security Babak Akhgar, Hamid R Arabnia, 2013-11-06 Emerging Trends in ICT Security, an edited volume, discusses the foundations and theoretical aspects of ICT security; covers trends, analytics, assessments and frameworks necessary for performance analysis and evaluation; and gives you the state-of-the-art knowledge needed for successful deployment of security solutions in many environments. Application scenarios provide you with an insider's look at security solutions deployed in real-life scenarios, including but limited to smart devices, biometrics, social media, big data security, and crowd sourcing. - Provides a multidisciplinary approach to security with coverage of communication systems, information mining, policy making, and management infrastructures - Discusses deployment of numerous security solutions, including, cyber defense techniques and defense against malicious code and mobile attacks - Addresses application of security solutions in real-life scenarios in several environments, such as social media, big data and crowd sourcing |
| a survey on quantum computing technology: Automated Secure Computing for Next-Generation Systems Amit Kumar Tyagi, 2024-01-04 AUTOMATED SECURE COMPUTING FOR NEXT-GENERATION SYSTEMS This book provides cutting-edge chapters on machine-empowered solutions for next-generation systems for today’s society. Security is always a primary concern for each application and sector. In the last decade, many techniques and frameworks have been suggested to improve security (data, information, and network). Due to rapid improvements in industry automation, however, systems need to be secured more quickly and efficiently. It is important to explore the best ways to incorporate the suggested solutions to improve their accuracy while reducing their learning cost. During implementation, the most difficult challenge is determining how to exploit AI and ML algorithms for improved safe service computation while maintaining the user’s privacy. The robustness of AI and deep learning, as well as the reliability and privacy of data, is an important part of modern computing. It is essential to determine the security issues of using AI to protect systems or ML-based automated intelligent systems. To enforce them in reality, privacy would have to be maintained throughout the implementation process. This book presents groundbreaking applications related to artificial intelligence and machine learning for more stable and privacy-focused computing. By reflecting on the role of machine learning in information, cyber, and data security, Automated Secure Computing for Next-Generation Systems outlines recent developments in the security domain with artificial intelligence, machine learning, and privacy-preserving methods and strategies. To make computation more secure and confidential, the book provides ways to experiment, conceptualize, and theorize about issues that include AI and machine learning for improved security and preserve privacy in next-generation-based automated and intelligent systems. Hence, this book provides a detailed description of the role of AI, ML, etc., in automated and intelligent systems used for solving critical issues in various sectors of modern society. Audience Researchers in information technology, robotics, security, privacy preservation, and data mining. The book is also suitable for postgraduate and upper-level undergraduate students. |
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