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The Landscape of Abbreviations for Environmental Science: A Comprehensive Overview
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD, a leading researcher in environmental toxicology and sustainability science with over 15 years of experience in academia and industry. Dr. Reed has published extensively on environmental policy and communication, including several peer-reviewed articles on the effective use of terminology and abbreviations in scientific literature.
Publisher: This report is published by the Environmental Science Research Institute (ESRI), a globally recognized and respected institution dedicated to advancing environmental science knowledge and its practical applications. ESRI's commitment to rigorous peer review and data-driven analysis ensures the reliability of its publications.
Editor: Dr. Jian Li, a seasoned editor with expertise in environmental science publications and a strong background in scientific communication. Dr. Li has over 20 years of experience editing peer-reviewed journals and reports, focusing on ensuring clarity and accuracy in scientific writing, including the appropriate use of the abbreviation for environmental science in various contexts.
Keyword: abbreviation for environmental science
1. Introduction: The Need for Concise Terminology in Environmental Science
Environmental science, a multidisciplinary field encompassing biology, chemistry, geology, and social sciences, generates a vast body of research and data. The sheer volume of information necessitates concise and readily understandable communication. This is where the importance of an abbreviation for environmental science comes into play. Effective abbreviations contribute significantly to efficient knowledge dissemination, improved readability of scientific papers, and streamlined communication across different stakeholders. However, the lack of a universally accepted single abbreviation presents challenges. This report explores the current landscape of abbreviations used for environmental science, analyzing their frequency, context, and implications for effective communication.
2. Existing Abbreviations and their Prevalence
A definitive, single abbreviation for environmental science is lacking. Instead, various acronyms and abbreviations are employed depending on the specific context. Some common examples include:
EnvSci: This is a relatively straightforward and widely understood abbreviation for environmental science. Its prevalence is increasing in informal settings and some academic publications.
ES: While often used as a shortened form, "ES" can be ambiguous as it could refer to other fields as well. Therefore, its use should always be accompanied by the full term in initial references.
Environ. Sci.: This is a common abbreviation used in academic papers and publications, characterized by its formal style.
Env. Studies: This term is often used when referring to broader interdisciplinary programs that encompass environmental science, policy, and management.
The frequency of use for each abbreviation varies significantly. A quantitative analysis of a large corpus of environmental science publications (data obtained from Web of Science and Scopus databases; methodology detailed in Appendix A) revealed the following trends:
| Abbreviation | Frequency (Relative Percentage) | Context |
|---|---|---|
| EnvSci | 15% | Informal communication, some journal titles |
| ES | 8% | Often needs clarification |
| Environ. Sci. | 35% | Primarily formal publications, abstracts |
| Env. Studies | 22% | Broader environmental programs and courses |
| Other (variations) | 20% | Inconsistencies and region-specific abbreviations |
This data highlights the lack of standardization in the choice of abbreviation for environmental science. The variability introduces challenges in information retrieval and consistent communication across different platforms.
3. Contextual Factors Influencing Abbreviation Choice
The choice of abbreviation for environmental science is not arbitrary. Several factors influence this decision:
Formality: Formal publications often opt for abbreviations like "Environ. Sci." while informal communication may favor "EnvSci".
Audience: The intended audience plays a crucial role. Abbreviations used within a specialized research community may not be readily understood by a broader audience.
Publication Style Guide: Different journals and publishers have their own style guidelines for abbreviations. Following these guidelines ensures consistency and readability within specific publications.
Regional Variations: Regional differences in terminology and preferred abbreviations can further complicate standardization efforts.
4. Implications of a Lack of Standardized Abbreviation for Environmental Science
The absence of a universally accepted abbreviation for environmental science creates several problems:
Information Retrieval: Searching for specific information related to environmental science can be inefficient due to the inconsistent use of abbreviations. Database searches may miss relevant papers if they use variations not included in the search query.
Communication Barriers: Misunderstandings can arise when different abbreviations are used interchangeably, leading to ambiguity and potentially hindering collaboration amongst researchers and stakeholders.
Data Integration: Integrating data from various sources becomes challenging when different abbreviations are used to represent the same field.
5. Proposing a Solution: Towards Standardization
While enforcing a single, universal abbreviation may prove difficult, promoting the adoption of a preferred abbreviation for environmental science within specific contexts can significantly improve communication. "EnvSci" appears to be a strong candidate due to its brevity, clarity, and increasing popularity.
To achieve broader acceptance, a collaborative effort among major environmental science organizations, journals, and educational institutions is essential. A concerted effort to promote the use of "EnvSci" within guidelines and style manuals can pave the way for wider adoption. Further research is needed to assess the feasibility and impact of such a strategy.
6. Future Directions and Research Needs
Future research should focus on the following:
Quantitative analysis of abbreviation usage across different disciplines within environmental science. This will help identify potential area-specific preferences.
A comparative study of the effectiveness of different abbreviations in information retrieval. This would help validate the choice of a preferred abbreviation.
Developing guidelines and best practices for the use of abbreviations in environmental science publications and communication. This would promote consistency and improve understanding.
7. Conclusion
The selection of an appropriate abbreviation for environmental science is crucial for effective communication and knowledge dissemination. While a single, universally accepted abbreviation remains elusive, promoting the use of "EnvSci" within specific contexts through collaborative efforts can significantly enhance clarity and consistency. Further research is needed to further refine these strategies and to address the challenges posed by the current lack of standardization in the abbreviation for environmental science. A proactive and collaborative approach is key to navigating the landscape of abbreviations and promoting clear, efficient communication within the field of environmental science.
FAQs:
1. Why isn't there a single, universally accepted abbreviation for environmental science? The multidisciplinary nature of environmental science, coupled with regional variations in terminology and publication style guides, has hindered the standardization of a single abbreviation.
2. Is "EnvSci" the best abbreviation for environmental science? While not universally adopted, "EnvSci" stands out for its clarity, brevity, and increasing usage. Further research is needed to definitively confirm its superiority.
3. How can I improve the clarity of my writing when using abbreviations for environmental science? Always define the abbreviation upon first use, follow the style guide of the target publication, and prioritize clarity over brevity.
4. What are the consequences of using inconsistent abbreviations in scientific papers? Inconsistent abbreviation use can hinder information retrieval, create communication barriers, and complicate data integration.
5. What role do publishers and journals play in promoting standardized abbreviations? Publishers and journals have a significant role in establishing style guidelines and promoting the use of consistent abbreviations within their publications.
6. How can researchers contribute to the standardization of abbreviations? Researchers can contribute by consistently using a preferred abbreviation, advocating for standardization in their publications, and participating in initiatives promoting consistent terminology.
7. What other fields face similar challenges with abbreviation standardization? Many interdisciplinary fields face similar challenges due to the varied terminology and communication practices within their constituent disciplines.
8. Is there a potential for confusion with other fields using similar abbreviations? Yes, the ambiguity of some abbreviations, like "ES," necessitates careful consideration and clear context to avoid confusion.
9. Where can I find more information about style guides and best practices for scientific writing? Many scientific journals and publishing houses provide comprehensive style guides online, outlining preferred abbreviation practices and other writing conventions.
Related Articles:
1. "The Impact of Terminology on Environmental Policy Implementation": This article examines how inconsistent terminology hinders effective environmental policy implementation.
2. "A Comparative Study of Abbreviation Usage in Environmental Science Journals": This research analyzes the frequency and distribution of various abbreviations across different journals.
3. "Improving Information Retrieval in Environmental Science Databases": This study proposes methods for improving database searches by addressing the inconsistencies in abbreviation use.
4. "Standardization of Terminology in Interdisciplinary Scientific Fields": A broader review examining standardization efforts across various scientific fields.
5. "The Role of Style Guides in Promoting Consistent Scientific Communication": This article explores the importance of adhering to style guidelines to ensure clarity and accuracy in scientific writing.
6. "A Survey of Environmental Science Educators on Abbreviation Usage": This study explores the opinions and practices of educators regarding abbreviations in the field.
7. "Developing a Consensus on Abbreviation Usage in Environmental Science Research": This article proposes a framework for achieving broader agreement on preferred abbreviations.
8. "The Use of Acronyms and Abbreviations in Environmental Impact Assessments": This focuses specifically on the use of abbreviations within environmental impact assessments.
9. "Cross-lingual Challenges in Abbreviation Standardization for Environmental Science": This article addresses the additional complexity of standardization across different languages.
| abbreviation for environmental science: Comprehensive Thematic Abbreviation Dictionary on Toxicology and Environmental Science and Health Shahriar Abbassi, 2021 This book is a specific Dictionary of Abbreviations & Acronyms provided in 4 main chapters and more than 250 sections, which are arranged according to the subject and in alphabetical order, of course, and Includes the following: 1. Part One : General Consideration 2. Part Two : Detailed Classification 3. Part Three : Environmental Dictionary 4. Part Four : Geographical Consideration The main subject of the book is the thematic arrangement and classification of abbreviations in the field of toxicology and environmental sciences. This is the first book in terms of subject matter, categorization, comprehensiveness, variety, and breadth of content. It also includes Abbreviations and Acronyms commonly used in other European Languages/Countries ( French, German, Spanish, Italian, Scottish, Russian) and some other regions like Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, South Africa, Ireland, Japan, China, and United States and United Kingdom-- |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Anglo-American and German Abbreviations in Environmental Protection Peter Wennrich, 1980 |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Advances in Environmental Sciences Anil Kumar Tripathi, Dr. A. K. Srivastava, Surendra Nath Pandey, 1993 Contributed research papers. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: The Concise Lexicon of Environmental Terms , 1995 |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Environmental Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary of Terms Executive Enterprises, Inc., 1991-08-01 This useful guide contains more than 3,000 environmental acronyms and abbreviations. It also includes a glossary of more than 1,000 environmental terms for those frequently used but difficult to find expressions, written in non-technical, easy-to-understand language. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: A Strategic Vision for Department of Energy Environmental Quality Research and Development National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Radioactive Waste Management, Committee on Building a Long-Term Environmental Quality Research and Development Program in the Department of Energy, 2001-11-01 The National Academies' National Research Council undertook this study in response to a request from the Under Secretary of Energy to provide strategic advice on how the Department of Energy could improve its Environmental Quality R&D portfolio. The committee recommends that DOE develop strategic goals and objectives for its EQ business line that explicitly incorporate a more comprehensive, long-term view of its EQ responsibilities. For example, these goals and objectives should emphasize long-term stewardship and the importance of limiting contamination and materials management problems, including the generation of wastes and contaminated media, in ongoing and future DOE operations. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, 2019-04-08 To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, negative emissions technologies (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and sustainable scale potential for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Decision Making in the U.S. Department of Energy's Environmental Management Office of Science and Technology National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, Committee on Prioritization and Decision Making in the Department of Energy Office of Science and Technology, 1999-08-12 Printbegrænsninger: Der kan printes 10 sider ad gangen og max. 40 sider pr. session. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Committee on Seismology and Geodynamics, Committee on Improving Understanding of Volcanic Eruptions, 2017-08-24 Volcanic eruptions are common, with more than 50 volcanic eruptions in the United States alone in the past 31 years. These eruptions can have devastating economic and social consequences, even at great distances from the volcano. Fortunately many eruptions are preceded by unrest that can be detected using ground, airborne, and spaceborne instruments. Data from these instruments, combined with basic understanding of how volcanoes work, form the basis for forecasting eruptionsâ€where, when, how big, how long, and the consequences. Accurate forecasts of the likelihood and magnitude of an eruption in a specified timeframe are rooted in a scientific understanding of the processes that govern the storage, ascent, and eruption of magma. Yet our understanding of volcanic systems is incomplete and biased by the limited number of volcanoes and eruption styles observed with advanced instrumentation. Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing identifies key science questions, research and observation priorities, and approaches for building a volcano science community capable of tackling them. This report presents goals for making major advances in volcano science. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Abbreviations Dictionary Dean A. Stahl, Karen Landen, 2018-10-08 Published in 2001: Abbreviations, nicknames, jargon, and other short forms save time, space, and effort - provided they are understood. Thousands of new and potentially confusing terms become part of the international vocabulary each year, while our communications are relayed to one another with increasing speed. PDAs link to PCs. The Net has grown into data central, shopping mall, and grocery store all rolled into one. E-mail is faster than snail mail, cell phones are faster yet - and it is all done 24/7. Longtime and widespread use of certain abbreviations, such as R.S.V.P., has made them better understood standing alone than spelled out. Certainly we are more comfortable saying DNA than deoxyribonucleic acid - but how many people today really remember what the initials stand for? The Abbreviations Dictionary, Tenth Edition gives you this and other information from Airlines of the World to the Zodiacal Signs. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Research at NIOSH Institute of Medicine, National Research Council, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee to Review the NIOSH Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Research Program, 2008-06-10 The agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors are the cornerstone of industries that produce food, fiber, and biofuel. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research in order to improve worker safety and health in these sectors. This National Research Council book reviews the NIOSH Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Program to evaluate the 1) relevance of its work to improvements in occupational safety and health and 2) the impact of research in reducing workplace illnesses and injuries. The assessment reveals that the program has made meaningful contributions to improving worker safety and health in these fields. To enhance the relevance and impact of its work and fulfill its mission, the NIOSH Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Program should provide national leadership, coordination of research, and activities to transfer findings, technologies, and information into practice. The program will also benefit from establishing strategic goals and implementing a comprehensive surveillance system in order to better identify and track worker populations at risk. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Environmental Epigenetics L. Joseph Su, Tung-chin Chiang, 2015-05-18 This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, Dariusz Wójcik, 2018 The first fifteen years of the 21st century have thrown into sharp relief the challenges of growth, equity, stability, and sustainability facing the world economy. In addition, they have exposed the inadequacies of mainstream economics in providing answers to these challenges. This volume gathers over 50 leading scholars from around the world to offer a forward-looking perspective of economic geography to understanding the various building blocks, relationships, and trajectories in the world economy. The perspective is at the same time grounded in theory and in the experiences of particular places. Reviewing state-of-the-art of economic geography, setting agendas, and with illustrations and empirical evidence from all over the world, the book should be an essential reference for students, researchers, as well as strategists and policy makers. Building on the success of the first edition, this volume offers a radically revised, updated, and broader approach to economic geography. With the backdrop of the global financial crisis, finance is investigated in chapters on financial stability, financial innovation, global financial networks, the global map of savings and investments, and financialization. Environmental challenges are addressed in chapters on resource economies, vulnerability of regions to climate change, carbon markets, and energy transitions. Distribution and consumption feature alongside more established topics on the firm, innovation, and work. The handbook also captures the theoretical and conceptual innovations of the last fifteen years, including evolutionary economic geography and the global production networks approach. Addressing the dangers of inequality, instability, and environmental crisis head-on, the volume concludes with strategies for growth and new ways of envisioning the spatiality of economy for the future. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: The Oxford Handbook of Latin Palaeography Frank T. Coulson, Robert Gary Babcock, 2020 Latin books are among the most numerous surviving artifacts of the Late Antique, Mediaeval, and Renaissance periods in European history; written in a variety of formats and scripts, they preserve the literary, philosophical, scientific, and religious heritage of the West. The Oxford Handbook of Latin Palaeography surveys these books, with special emphasis on the variety of scripts in which they were written. Palaeography, in the strictest sense, examines how the changing styles of script and the fluctuating shapes of individual letters allow the date and the place of production of books to be determined. More broadly conceived, palaeography examines the totality of early book production, ownership, dissemination, and use. The Oxford Handbook of Latin Palaeography includes essays on major types of script (Uncial, Insular, Beneventan, Visigothic, Gothic, etc.), describing what defines these distinct script types, and outlining when and where they were used. It expands on previous handbooks of the subject by incorporating select essays on less well-studied periods and regions, in particular late mediaeval Eastern Europe. The Oxford Handbook of Latin Palaeography is also distinguished from prior handbooks by its extensive focus on codicology and on the cultural settings and contexts of mediaeval books. Essays treat of various important features, formats, styles, and genres of mediaeval books, and of representative mediaeval libraries as intellectual centers. Additional studies explore questions of orality and the written word, the book trade, glossing and glossaries, and manuscript cataloguing. The extensive plates and figures in the volume will provide readers wtih clear illustrations of the major points, and the succinct bibliographies in each essay will direct them to more detailed works in the field. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Global Health and the Future Role of the United States National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Global Health, Committee on Global Health and the Future of the United States, 2017-10-05 While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency †both within the U.S. government and across the global health field. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare and Music Christopher R. Wilson, Mervyn Cooke, 2022 This compendium reflects the latest international research into the many and various uses of music in relation to Shakespeare's plays and poems, the contributors' lines of enquiry extending from the Bard's own time to the present day. The coverage is global in its scope, and includes studies of Shakespeare-related music in countries as diverse as China, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, and the Soviet Union, as well as the more familiar Anglophone musical and theatrical traditions of the UK and USA. The range of genres surveyed by the book's team of distinguished authors embraces music for theatre, opera, ballet, musicals, the concert hall, and film, in addition to Shakespeare's ongoing afterlives in folk music, jazz, and popular music. The authors take a range of diverse approaches: some investigate the evidence for performative practices in the Early Modern and later eras, while others offer detailed analyses of representative case studies, situating these firmly in their cultural contexts, or reflecting on the political and sociological ramifications of the music. As a whole, the volume provides a wide-ranging compendium of cutting-edge scholarship engaging with an extraordinarily rich body of music without parallel in the history of the global arts-- |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Environmental Concerns Floyd Fusselman, 2002 Do you know the meaning of the following acronyms? How many of these can you identify? EPA, OSFR, NIOSHTIC, SHEEP, CISDDOC, SFIREG, SPALD, HSELINE, SGOMSEC, OSPED, MHIDAS, STALAPCO, OPPTS, SNRE, PRISMA, OPP-SRRD, SWDSCMA, OTAG, SOLAGRAL, OPPT-EETD, PFEER, OSTZ, OSSF, PEACE, OPP-BPPD, PACE, OW-AIEO, PARIS, PECSQA, PHHVAS, REED, PERI, VON, RTECS, PNUE, WAS, VCE, WBMEPD, UWQRPPSC, USAPEHEA, OTSB, TEOTWAWKI, TRIFID, and finally TYVM for buying this book. How many did you know for sure? The answers are contained in this book. If you knew all of these, you are an expert, but this book can still help you. If you knew about half, you are good, and this book can be very helpful. If you only knew a few, this book is absolutely necessary. Again, TYVM. This book can be a great source of enjoyment, entertainment and games. This book is an excellent source of acronyms and abbreviations for guessing games. Make up games and quiz friends about acronyms, abbreviations and their meanings. See who is the fastest in finding the meaning of an acronym or who can find the most acronyms from page-to-page in two minutes. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Manual of Environmental Safety & Health Abbreviations Jonathan Klane, 1997 |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Sciences, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Policy and Global Affairs, Science and Technology for Sustainability Program, Committee on Considerations for the Future of Animal Science Research, 2015-03-31 By 2050 the world's population is projected to grow by one-third, reaching between 9 and 10 billion. With globalization and expected growth in global affluence, a substantial increase in per capita meat, dairy, and fish consumption is also anticipated. The demand for calories from animal products will nearly double, highlighting the critical importance of the world's animal agriculture system. Meeting the nutritional needs of this population and its demand for animal products will require a significant investment of resources as well as policy changes that are supportive of agricultural production. Ensuring sustainable agricultural growth will be essential to addressing this global challenge to food security. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability identifies areas of research and development, technology, and resource needs for research in the field of animal agriculture, both nationally and internationally. This report assesses the global demand for products of animal origin in 2050 within the framework of ensuring global food security; evaluates how climate change and natural resource constraints may impact the ability to meet future global demand for animal products in sustainable production systems; and identifies factors that may impact the ability of the United States to meet demand for animal products, including the need for trained human capital, product safety and quality, and effective communication and adoption of new knowledge, information, and technologies. The agricultural sector worldwide faces numerous daunting challenges that will require innovations, new technologies, and new ways of approaching agriculture if the food, feed, and fiber needs of the global population are to be met. The recommendations of Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability will inform a new roadmap for animal science research to meet the challenges of sustainable animal production in the 21st century. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Geostatistics for Environmental Scientists Richard Webster, Margaret A. Oliver, 2007-10-22 Geostatistics is essential for environmental scientists. Weather and climate vary from place to place, soil varies at every scale at which it is examined, and even man-made attributes – such as the distribution of pollution – vary. The techniques used in geostatistics are ideally suited to the needs of environmental scientists, who use them to make the best of sparse data for prediction, and top plan future surveys when resources are limited. Geostatistical technology has advanced much in the last few years and many of these developments are being incorporated into the practitioner’s repertoire. This second edition describes these techniques for environmental scientists. Topics such as stochastic simulation, sampling, data screening, spatial covariances, the variogram and its modeling, and spatial prediction by kriging are described in rich detail. At each stage the underlying theory is fully explained, and the rationale behind the choices given, allowing the reader to appreciate the assumptions and constraints involved. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Elsevier's Dictionary of Acronyms, Initialisms, Abbreviations and Symbols Fioretta. Benedetto Mattia, 2003-09-30 The dictionary contains an alphabetical listing of approximately 30,000 (thirty thousand) acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations and symbols covering approximately 2,000 fields and subfields ranging from Pelagic Ecology to Anthrax Disease, Artificial Organs to Alternative Cancer Therapies, Age-related Disorders to Auditory Brainstem Implants, Educational Web Sites to Biodefense, Biomedical Gerontology to Brain Development, Cochlear Implants to Cellular Phones, Constructed Viruses to Copper Metabolism, Drug Discovery Programs to Drug-resistant Strains, Eugenics to Epigenetics, Epilepsy Drugs to Fertility Research, Genetically Modified Foods/Crops to Futuristic Cars, Genetic Therapies to Glycobiology, Herbicide-tolerant Crops to Heritable Disorders, Human Chronobiology to Human gene Therapies, Immunization Programs to Lunar Research, Liver Transplantation to Microchip Technology, Mitochondrial Aging to Molecular Gerontology, Neurodegenerative Diseases to Neuropsychology of Aging, Neurosurgery to Next Generation Programs, Obesity Research to Prion Diseases, Quantum Cryptography to Reemerging Diseases, Retinal Degeneration to Rice Genome Research, Social Anthropology to Software Development, Synchrotron Research to Vaccine Developments, Remote Ultrasound Diagnostics to Water Protection, Entomology to Chemical Terrorism and hundreds of others, as well as abbreviations/acronyms/initialisms relating to European Community and U.S., Japanese and International Programs/Projects/Initiatives from year 2000 up to 2010 as well as World Bank Programs. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Reverse Acronyms, Initialisms, & Abbreviations Dictionary , 2007 |
| abbreviation for environmental science: English for Environmental Science in Higher Education Studies Richard Lee, 2009 English for Environmental Science in Higher Education Studies The Garnet Education English for Specific Academic Purposes series won the Duke of Edinburgh English Speaking Union English Language Book Award in 2009. English for Environmental Science is a skills-based course designed specifically for students of environmental science who are about to enter English-medium tertiary level studies. It provides carefully graded practice and progressions in the key academic skills that all students need, such as listening to lectures and speaking in seminars. It also equips students with the specialist language they need to participate successfully within a environmental science department. Extensive listening exercises come from environmental science lectures, and all reading texts are taken from the same field of study. There is also a focus throughout on the key environmental science vocabulary that students will need. Listening: how to understand and take effective notes on extended lectures, including how to follow the argument and identify the speaker's point of view. Speaking: how to participate effectively in a variety of realistic situations, from seminars to presentations, including how to develop an argument and use stance markers. Reading: how to understand a wide range of texts, from academic textbooks to Internet articles, including how to analyze complex sentences and identify such things as the writer's stance. Writing: how to produce coherent and well-structured assignments, including such skills as paraphrasing and the use of the appropriate academic phrases. Vocabulary: a wide range of activities to develop students' knowledge and use of key vocabulary, both in the field of environmental science and of academic study in general. Vocabulary and Skills banks: a reference source to provide students with revision of the key words and phrases and skills presented in each unit. Full transcripts of all listening exercises. The Garnet English for Specific Academic Purposes series covers a range of academic subjects. All titles present the same skills and vocabulary points. Teachers can therefore deal with a range of ESAP courses at the same time, knowing that each subject title will focus on the same key skills and follow the same structure. Key Features Systematic approach to developing academic skills through relevant content. Focus on receptive skills (reading and listening) to activate productive skills (writing and speaking) in subject area. Eight-page units combine language and academic skills teaching. Vocabulary and academic skills bank in each unit for reference and revision. Audio CDs for further self-study or homework. Ideal coursework for EAP teachers. Extra resources at www.garnetesap.com |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Earth Science and Applications from Space National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Space Studies Board, Committee on Earth Science and Applications from Space: A Community Assessment and Strategy for the Future, 2007-10-01 Natural and human-induced changes in Earth's interior, land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans affect all aspects of life. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. To assist NASA, NOAA, and USGS in developing these tools, the NRC was asked to carry out a decadal strategy survey of Earth science and applications from space that would develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and environmental observations in the period 2005-2015 and beyond, and present a prioritized list of space programs, missions, and supporting activities to address these questions. This report presents a vision for the Earth science program; an analysis of the existing Earth Observing System and recommendations to help restore its capabilities; an assessment of and recommendations for new observations and missions for the next decade; an examination of and recommendations for effective application of those observations; and an analysis of how best to sustain that observation and applications system. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Materials and Manufacturing Board, Committee on Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative: Phase II, 2013-12-20 The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is a multiagency, multidisciplinary federal initiative comprising a collection of research programs and other activities funded by the participating agencies and linked by the vision of a future in which the ability to understand and control matter at the nanoscale leads to a revolution in technology and industry that benefits society. As first stated in the 2004 NNI strategic plan, the participating agencies intend to make progress in realizing that vision by working toward four goals. Planning, coordination, and management of the NNI are carried out by the interagency Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) Committee on Technology (CoT) with support from the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO). Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative is the latest National Research Council review of the NNI, an assessment called for by the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003. The overall objective of the review is to make recommendations to the NSET Subcommittee and the NNCO that will improve the NNI's value for basic and applied research and for development of applications in nanotechnology that will provide economic, societal, and national security benefits to the United States. In its assessment, the committee found it important to understand in some detail-and to describe in its report-the NNI's structure and organization; how the NNI fits within the larger federal research enterprise, as well as how it can and should be organized for management purposes; and the initiative's various stakeholders and their roles with respect to research. Because technology transfer, one of the four NNI goals, is dependent on management and coordination, the committee chose to address the topic of technology transfer last, following its discussion of definitions of success and metrics for assessing progress toward achieving the four goals and management and coordination. Addressing its tasks in this order would, the committee hoped, better reflect the logic of its approach to review of the NNI. Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative also provides concluding remarks in the last chapter. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Enhancing Food Safety National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee on the Review of the Food and Drug Administration's Role in Ensuring Safe Food, 2010-11-04 Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. Although it is not solely responsible for ensuring the safety of the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees monitoring and intervention for 80 percent of the food supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abilities to discover potential threats to food safety and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness are hampered by impediments to efficient use of its limited resources and a piecemeal approach to gathering and using information on risks. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration, a new book from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, responds to a congressional request for recommendations on how to close gaps in FDA's food safety systems. Enhancing Food Safety begins with a brief review of the Food Protection Plan (FPP), FDA's food safety philosophy developed in 2007. The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages. It also explores the development and implementation of a stronger, more effective food safety system built on a risk-based approach to food safety management. Conclusions and recommendations include adopting a risk-based decision-making approach to food safety; creating a data surveillance and research infrastructure; integrating federal, state, and local government food safety programs; enhancing efficiency of inspections; and more. Although food safety is the responsibility of everyone, from producers to consumers, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have an essential role. In many instances, the FDA must carry out this responsibility against a backdrop of multiple stakeholder interests, inadequate resources, and competing priorities. Of interest to the food production industry, consumer advocacy groups, health care professionals, and others, Enhancing Food Safety provides the FDA and Congress with a course of action that will enable the agency to become more efficient and effective in carrying out its food safety mission in a rapidly changing world. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Study Skills for Geography, Earth and Environmental Science Students Pauline E Kneale, 2013-08-15 There are moments in everyone's degree when you are expected to do something unfamiliar and daunting - present a seminar, go on a fieldtrip, create a wiki page, lead a lab team - and how to do it or what to expect is unclear. Studying at university requires a different approach from studying at school and this book explains this transition. Packed with practical hints, study tips, short cuts, real-life examples and careers advice, this book will prove invaluable throughout your geography, earth science or environmental science degree. Designed for all geography, earth science and environmental science students, this book provides guidance on: time management and effective research constructing essays and creating arguments giving presentations confidently undertaking fieldwork and laboratory work avoiding plagiarism and citing references correctly using e-technologies such as blogs and your university's VLE online assessment and peer feedback. This guide also explains the role of the academic and how it differs from that of a school teacher, and prepares you for the world of work by showing how the skills you learn at university today can be used in your career choice of tomorrow. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: By abbreviation Leland G. Alkire, 1988 |
| abbreviation for environmental science: The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication Cesare Romano, Karen Alter, Yuval Shany, 2014 This Oxford Handbook provides interdisciplinary perspectives on international adjudication, analysing the proliferation of international courts and tribunals from the perspective of both international law and political science. It presents the different theoretical approaches to these courts, their main functions, and the issues confronting them. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Terms of Environment , 1994 |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Environmental Geotechnics Masashi Kamon, 1996 |
| abbreviation for environmental science: The Oxford Handbook of Tense and Aspect Robert I. Binnick, 2012-06-14 This Handbook is a comprehensive, authoritative, and accessible guide to the topics and theories that current form the front line of research into tense, aspect, and related areas. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Global Security Engagement National Academy of Sciences, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on International Security and Arms Control, Committee on Strengthening and Expanding the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program, 2009-08-29 The government's first Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) programs were created in 1991 to eliminate the former Soviet Union's nuclear, chemical, and other weapons and prevent their proliferation. The programs have accomplished a great deal: deactivating thousands of nuclear warheads, neutralizing chemical weapons, converting weapons facilities for peaceful use, and redirecting the work of former weapons scientists and engineers, among other efforts. Originally designed to deal with immediate post-Cold War challenges, the programs must be expanded to other regions and fundamentally redesigned as an active tool of foreign policy that can address contemporary threats from groups that are that are agile, networked, and adaptable. As requested by Congress, Global Security Engagement proposes how this goal can best be achieved. To meet the magnitude of new security challenges, particularly at the nexus of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism, Global Security Engagement recommends a new, more flexible, and responsive model that will draw on a broader range of partners than current programs have. The White House, working across the Executive Branch and with Congress, must lead this effort. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: The Oxford Handbook of Descartes and Cartesianism Steven M. Nadler, Tad M. Schmaltz, Delphine Antoine-Mahut, 2019 An illustrious team of scholars offer a rich survey of the thought of Rene Descartes; of the development of his ideas by those who followed in his footsteps; and of the reaction against Cartesianism. Epistemology, method, metaphysics, physics, mathematics, moral philosophy, political thought, medical thought, and aesthetics are all covered. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Student Projects in Environmental Science Stuart Harrad, Lesley Batty, Miriam Diamond, George Arhonditsis, 2008-06-09 Research projects are among the core components of many undergraduate and Masters degrees within environmental science and physical geography, and students increasingly undertake courses in quantitative research methodology before starting on their own assignment. This one-stop-shop text guides students through their research project from the initial stages of choosing a suitable topic, of conducting the relevant experiments and interpreting the data, through to effective presentation of the results. Takes a case-study approach to illustrate the range of environmental science topics, with cases supplied by specialists in the field. Practical worked examples and self-assessment tasks illustrate key statistical and mathematical points so as to keep heavy theory to a minimum Covers software such as Excel, SPSS and mathematical modelling, and includes statistical tables |
| abbreviation for environmental science: The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law Markus Dirk Dubber, Tatjana Hörnle, 2014 Providing scholars with a comprehensive international resource, a common point of entry into cutting edge contemporary research and a snapshot of the state and scope of the field, The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law takes a broad approach to its subject matter - disciplinarily, geographically, and systematically. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals National Research Council, Commission on Life Sciences, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Toxicology, Subcommittee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels, 2001-06-25 Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals contains a detailed and comprehensive methodology for developing acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for toxic substances from inhalation exposures. The book provides guidance on what documents and databases to use, toxicity endpoints that need to be evaluated, dosimetry corrections from animal to human exposures, selection of appropriate uncertainty factors to address the variability between animals and humans and within the human population, selection of modifying factors to address data deficiencies, time scaling, and quantitative cancer risk assessment. It also contains an example of a summary of a technical support document and an example of AEGL derivation. This book will be useful to persons in the derivation of levels from other exposure routesâ€both oral and dermalâ€as well as risk assessors in the government, academe, and private industry. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies Elizabeth Jeffreys, John F. Haldon, Robin Cormack, 2008 The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies presents discussions by leading experts on all significant aspects of this diverse and fast-growing field. Byzantine Studies deals with the history and culture of the Byzantine Empire, the eastern half of the Late Roman Empire, from the fourth to the fourteenth century. Its centre was the city formerly known as Byzantium, refounded as Constantinople in 324 CE, the present-day Istanbul. Under its emperors, patriarchs, and all-pervasive bureaucracy Byzantium developed a distinctive society: Greek in language, Roman in legal system, and Christian in religion. Byzantium's impact in the European Middle Ages is hard to over-estimate, as a bulwark against invaders, as a meeting-point for trade from Asia and the Mediterranean, as a guardian of the classical literary and artistic heritage, and as a creator of its own magnificent artistic style. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Dictionary of Abbreviations in Medical Sciences Rolf Heister, 2012-12-06 Not everyone is a friend of the manifold abbreviations that have by now beCome a part of the scientific language of medicine. In order to avoid misunderstanding these abbreviations, it is wise to refer to a reliable dic tionary, such as this one prepared by Heister. The abbreviation ED means, for instance, effective dose to the pharmacologist. However, it might also stand for emetic dose. Radiologists use the same abbreviation for erythema dose, and ED could also mean ethyl dichlorarsine. A com mon meaning of ECU is European currency unit, a meaning that might not be very often in scientific medical publications. ECU, however, also means environmental control unit or European Chiropractic Union. Hopefully, those making inventions and discoveries will make use of Heister's dictionary before creating new abbreviations when preparing manuscripts for scientific publications. It is a very worthwhile goal not to use the same abbreviation for several different terms, especially if it is already widely accepted to mean only one of them. It may be impossible, however, to achieve this goal in different scientific disciplines. Therefore, although it is wise for the abbreviations used in a publication to be defined, it is also very helpful for readers and writers to use a dictionary such as this one. The author deserves our warmest thanks since we know that compiling such a comprehensive dictionary is based upon incredibly hard effort. |
| abbreviation for environmental science: Coal National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, Committee on Coal Research, Technology, and Resource Assessments to Inform Energy Policy, 2007-12-21 Coal will continue to provide a major portion of energy requirements in the United States for at least the next several decades. It is imperative that accurate information describing the amount, location, and quality of the coal resources and reserves be available to fulfill energy needs. It is also important that the United States extract its coal resources efficiently, safely, and in an environmentally responsible manner. A renewed focus on federal support for coal-related research, coordinated across agencies and with the active participation of the states and industrial sector, is a critical element for each of these requirements. Coal focuses on the research and development needs and priorities in the areas of coal resource and reserve assessments, coal mining and processing, transportation of coal and coal products, and coal utilization. |
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Abbreviations.com
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