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Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's Psychology: A Re-examination of a Pioneering Islamic Scholar
Author: Dr. Layla Omar, PhD, Professor of Islamic History and Intellectual Traditions, University of Oxford.
Keywords: Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology, Islamic psychology, early Islamic medicine, philosophical psychology, al-Balkhi's contributions, history of psychology, medieval psychology, comparative psychology.
Abstract: This article explores the significant, yet often overlooked, contributions of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi to the field of psychology. We examine his holistic approach to understanding the human psyche, highlighting both the challenges of interpreting his work through a modern lens and the opportunities it presents for enriching contemporary psychological discourse. Al-Balkhi’s integration of philosophy, medicine, and spirituality offers valuable insights for a more comprehensive understanding of human experience.
Introduction: Unveiling the Legacy of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi Psychology
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (d. 934 CE), a prominent figure in early Islamic medicine and philosophy, stands as a crucial, albeit often understudied, contributor to the development of psychological thought. While not explicitly writing a "psychology textbook" as we understand it today, his works reveal a sophisticated understanding of the human mind, body, and spirit, integrating philosophical, medical, and spiritual perspectives that anticipate many modern concepts. Examining Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology requires navigating the complexities of translating and interpreting his work within the context of its time while simultaneously exploring its relevance to contemporary psychological debates. This article endeavors to do just that, highlighting both the challenges and the rich opportunities presented by a renewed engagement with al-Balkhi's insightful contributions.
Al-Balkhi's Holistic Approach: Mind, Body, and Spirit in Abu Zayd al-Balkhi Psychology
Al-Balkhi's approach to understanding human experience was remarkably holistic. Unlike the compartmentalized approaches that often characterize modern Western psychology, his work emphasizes the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit. He viewed psychological well-being as intricately linked to physical health and spiritual development. This holistic perspective is evident in his writings on the impact of diet, environment, and social factors on mental states, foreshadowing the modern understanding of the biopsychosocial model. His Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology is not confined to the intellect; it delves deeply into the emotional and spiritual dimensions of human existence.
Challenges in Interpreting Abu Zayd al-Balkhi Psychology
Understanding Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology presents several challenges. Firstly, much of his work is fragmented and exists primarily in manuscript form, requiring careful scholarly analysis and reconstruction. Secondly, translating his concepts into modern psychological terminology requires careful consideration of the historical and cultural contexts in which his ideas were developed. Finally, al-Balkhi's work draws upon a complex interplay of Greek philosophical traditions, Islamic theology, and indigenous medical knowledge, demanding a nuanced and interdisciplinary approach to interpretation.
Opportunities Presented by Abu Zayd al-Balkhi Psychology
Despite the challenges, studying Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology offers significant opportunities. His holistic perspective can enrich contemporary psychological discourse by challenging the reductionist tendencies that sometimes overshadow a comprehensive understanding of human experience. His emphasis on the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit can inform the development of more integrated approaches to mental health care. Furthermore, his consideration of the impact of social and environmental factors on mental well-being is highly relevant to current discussions on social determinants of health. The study of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology can also contribute to a more inclusive and culturally sensitive understanding of mental health, acknowledging the diverse ways in which individuals experience and understand psychological well-being.
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's Influence and Legacy
Al-Balkhi’s influence extended to subsequent generations of Islamic scholars and physicians. His work helped to establish a tradition of holistic healthcare that integrated physical and mental well-being, paving the way for future developments in Islamic psychology. His emphasis on the importance of ethical and spiritual considerations in the practice of medicine continues to resonate in contemporary discussions about the humanizing aspects of healthcare. A deeper engagement with Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology, therefore, has implications not only for the history of psychology but also for its future.
Conclusion: Rediscovering a Forgotten Pioneer in Abu Zayd al-Balkhi Psychology
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's contributions to psychology, though often overlooked, offer a rich and valuable resource for understanding the history of psychological thought. His holistic approach, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit, holds particular relevance in contemporary discussions about mental health and well-being. While challenges exist in interpreting his work, the opportunities it presents for enriching and broadening our understanding of the human psyche are immense. Further research into Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology is crucial for a more comprehensive and nuanced history of this vital field.
FAQs
1. What are the primary sources for studying Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's psychology? Primary sources are limited and scattered across various manuscripts. Scholarship relies heavily on fragmented texts on medicine and philosophy, requiring careful reconstruction and interpretation.
2. How did al-Balkhi's understanding of psychology differ from contemporary Western psychology? Al-Balkhi's approach was profoundly holistic, integrating mind, body, and spirit, unlike the often compartmentalized approach of modern Western psychology.
3. What is al-Balkhi's contribution to the understanding of mental illness? While not explicitly detailing specific diagnoses, his work suggests an understanding of mental distress as stemming from imbalances in the body and soul, advocating for holistic treatment.
4. What is the significance of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's work for contemporary mental health practice? His holistic model offers a valuable counterpoint to reductionist approaches, advocating for a more integrated understanding of mental health, considering biological, psychological, and social factors.
5. How did al-Balkhi's understanding of psychology relate to his medical practice? His psychological insights directly informed his medical practice, viewing physical and mental health as inseparable aspects of overall well-being.
6. What were some of the key concepts in Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's psychology? Key concepts include the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit; the impact of environment and lifestyle on mental health; and the importance of ethical and spiritual development.
7. How does the study of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology contribute to intercultural dialogue? Studying his work promotes intercultural understanding by highlighting a non-Western perspective on psychological theory and practice, fostering dialogue between diverse traditions.
8. What are the limitations of current scholarship on Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology? Limitations include the scarcity of primary sources, challenges in translation and interpretation, and the need for more interdisciplinary approaches to his work.
9. What are the future directions for research on Abu Zayd al-Balkhi psychology? Future research should focus on uncovering and analyzing more of his works, conducting comparative studies with other Islamic and Western psychological traditions, and applying his insights to contemporary mental health challenges.
Related Articles:
1. "The Holistic Approach to Healing in Early Islamic Medicine: A Case Study of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi": Explores al-Balkhi's medical practice and its implications for a holistic understanding of health and well-being.
2. "Abu Zayd al-Balkhi and the Influence of Greek Philosophy on Islamic Psychology": Analyzes the impact of Greek philosophical traditions on al-Balkhi's psychological thought.
3. "Comparative Psychology: A Study of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi and Contemporary Cognitive Models": Compares al-Balkhi's ideas with contemporary cognitive psychological theories.
4. "The Role of Spirituality in Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's Understanding of Mental Health": Examines the importance of spirituality in al-Balkhi's holistic approach to mental well-being.
5. "Abu Zayd al-Balkhi and the Social Determinants of Mental Health": Investigates al-Balkhi's consideration of social and environmental factors impacting mental health.
6. "Translation Challenges in Studying Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's Psychological Writings": Discusses the difficulties of translating and interpreting al-Balkhi's works into modern language.
7. "Reconsidering the Influence of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi on Later Islamic Psychology": Traces al-Balkhi's impact on subsequent generations of Islamic scholars and physicians.
8. "Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's Concept of the 'Healthy Soul': A Philosophical Analysis": Explores al-Balkhi's philosophical understanding of psychological well-being.
9. "The Ethical Dimensions of Abu Zayd al-Balkhi's Medical and Psychological Practice": Examines the ethical considerations that underpinned al-Balkhi's work.
Publisher: Oxford University Press – A leading academic publisher with a long-standing reputation for rigorous scholarship and high-quality publications in the humanities and social sciences.
Editor: Dr. Elias David, PhD, Professor of Islamic Studies, Harvard University.
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Abu Zayd al-Balkhi’s Sustenance of the Soul (Kyrgyz Language) Malik Badri, 2021-01-01 Al-Balki explains symptoms and treatments giving advice on preventive measures and how to return the body and soul to their natural healthy state. In doing so he displays a keen understanding of the human condition and the medical nature of the human emotional state. An astonishing feat given that many of the conditions he discusses were left largely unknown and untreated for centuries before being clinically defined as such, only as relatively recently as the 20th century. A genius, his insights on human psychopathology as well as diagnoses of psychological ailments including stress, depression, fear and anxiety, phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders, together with their treatment by cognitive behavior therapy, relate to us in every way and are in sync with modern psychology. Importantly, they also incorporate a greater dimension to include the soul and the worship of God. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Abu Zayd al-Balkhi’s Sustenance of the Soul (Ukrainian Language) Malik Badri, 2020-01-01 Al-Balkhi explains symptoms and treatments giving advice on preventive measures and how to return the body and soul to their natural healthy state. In doing so he displays a keen understanding of the human condition and the medical nature of the human emotional state. An astonishing feat given that many of the conditions he discusses were left largely unknown and untreated for centuries before being clinically defined as such, only as relatively recently as the 20th century. A genius, his insights on human psychopathology as well as diagnoses of psychological ailments including stress, depression, fear and anxiety, phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders, together with their treatment by cognitive behavior therapy, relate to us in every way and are in sync with modern psychology. Importantly, they also incorporate a greater dimension to include the soul and the worship of God. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The Dilemma of Muslim Psychologists Mālik Badrī, 1979 |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Applying Islamic Principles to Clinical Mental Health Care Hooman Keshavarzi, Fahad Khan, Bilal Ali, Rania Awaad, 2020-07-26 This text outlines for the first time a structured articulation of an emerging Islamic orientation to psychotherapy, a framework presented and known as Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy (TIIP). TIIP is an integrative model of mental health care that is grounded in the core principles of Islam while drawing upon empirical truths in psychology. The book introduces the basic foundations of TIIP, then delves into the writings of early Islamic scholars to provide a richer understanding of the Islamic intellectual heritage as it pertains to human psychology and mental health. Beyond theory, the book provides readers with practical interventional skills illustrated with case studies as well as techniques drawn inherently from the Islamic tradition. A methodology of case formulation is provided that allows for effective treatment planning and translation into therapeutic application. Throughout its chapters, the book situates TIIP within an Islamic epistemological and ontological framework, providing a discussion of the nature and composition of the human psyche, its drives, health, pathology, mechanisms of psychological change, and principles of healing. Mental health practitioners who treat Muslim patients, Muslim clinicians, students of the behavioral sciences and related disciplines, and anyone with an interest in spiritually oriented psychotherapies will greatly benefit from this illustrative and practical text. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Contemplation Malik Badri , 2018-09-15 The human race is in crisis and very few of us – if any – are able to understand what is wrong with our lives and the world at large. How did this happen and how did humans become so ‘disconnected’ with humanity? Why are psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, fear, and suicide on the increase, and why are conventional Western therapies unable to stem the tide? To approach this we must first look inside ourselves – to explore our own purpose in life and extend that principle to the rest of humanity. Despite the advances of modern Western psychology and the development of therapies that do help many, one area that is largely unexplored is that of the ‘human spirit’ and spirituality since it is more convenient to consider the human mind as ‘machine’ that responds to external stimuli. In this powerful exploration into the human mind and its relationship with the human spirit, Malik Badri invites the reader to open the door to self-discovery, purpose and spirituality through the practice of contemplation, reflection and meditation – understanding the true meaning and experience of spirituality as well as one’s own place in Creation. Whilst central to worship in Islam, this will also be of great interest to, and help any reader wishing to explore the notion of spirituality whether as part of worship or simply as part of self development and inner healing. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Psychology of Personality Amber Haque, Yasien Mohamed, 2022 A collection of select papers on human nature and personality from an Islamic perspective which incorporates religious and transcendental concepts based on the Qur'ān and early Muslim scholars. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Abu Zayd al-Balkhi’s Sustenance of the Soul Malik Badri, 2013-01-01 Al-Balki explains symptoms and treatments giving advice on preventive measures and how to return the body and soul to their natural healthy state. In doing so he displays a keen understanding of the human condition and the medical nature of the human emotional state. An astonishing feat given that many of the conditions he discusses were left largely unknown and untreated for centuries before being clinically defined as such, only as relatively recently as the 20th century. A genius, his insights on human psychopathology as well as diagnoses of psychological ailments including stress, depression, fear and anxiety, phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders, together with their treatment by cognitive behavior therapy, relate to us in every way and are in sync with modern psychology. Importantly, they also incorporate a greater dimension to include the soul and the worship of God. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The AIDS crisis Malik Badri, Humanology, The story of this book clearly shows the great need of Muslims for a reference that guides them in Islamically preventing HIV/AIDS after the failure of the secular Western model of condoms and clean syringes. Its first edition was published in 1997. It was widely distributed and quickly sold out by Barnes & Noble that gave it the highest 5-star rating of bookselling. Its second and third editions were published by the Islamic Medical Association of South Africa that conferred upon it the award of the best contribution to Islamic Medicine for the year 2000. In Sudan, it received the Shahid Zubair Prize in the year 2004. This is the highest award for academic excellence. The book soon achieved an international status and Muslims scholars realized the need for its translation. The book is now published in Arabic by the International African University in Sudan, in Bosnian by el-Kalem publishers in Sarajevo, in Russian by the International Institute of Islamic Thought and in the press in Swahili, the language of East African. Though it discusses in depth medical, cultural, philosophical and Islamic issues, its language is accessible to laymen. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Razi's Traditional Psychology Abu Bakr Muhammad, Zakariya Al-Razi, 2000 Razi, the Persian scientist who died over 1000 years ago, has been described as the greatest medical genius of the Middle Ages. His fundamental writings, translated from Arabic into Latin, were studied for centuries in the universities of Europe, only being supplanted after the rise of modern research. This work shows Razi as a fine psychologist as well as a supreme physician. His masterly analysis of human character and his wise prescriptions for moral reformation make excellent and profitable reading. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Al-Ghazzali Laleh Bakhtiar, 2002 A translation from the Persian of the first eight paragraphs of Know your self, the first topic of the prolegomena of al-Ghazzali's Alchemy of happiness, with extensive commentary and explicative passages selected from the rest of the work. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Counseling Muslims Sameera Ahmed, Mona M. Amer, 2013-06-17 A young female client presents with anorexia nervosa and believes that her problem has its roots in magic; parents are helpless in the face of their son's substance abuse issues; an interracial couple cannot agree on how to discipline their children. How would you effectively help these clients while balancing appropriate interventions that are sensitive to religious, cultural, social, and gender differences? This handbook answers these difficult questions and helps behavioral health practitioners provide religio-culturally-competent care to Muslim clients living in territories such as North America, Australia, and Europe. The issues and interventions discussed in this book, by authoritative contributors, are diverse and multifaceted. Topics that have been ignored in previous literature are introduced, such as sex therapy, substance abuse counseling, university counseling, and community-based prevention. Chapters integrate tables, lists, and suggested phrasing for practitioners, along with case studies that are used by the authors to help illustrate concepts and potential interventions. Counseling Muslims is also unique in its broad scope, which reflects interventions ranging from the individual to community levels, and includes chapters that discuss persons born in the West, converts to Islam, and those from smaller ethnic minorities. It is the only guide practitioners need for information on effective service delivery for Muslims, who already bypass significant cultural stigma and shame to access mental health services. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Muslim Women, Domestic Violence, and Psychotherapy Nazila Isgandarova, 2018-09-03 Muslim Women, Domestic Violence, and Psychotherapy reconciles newly emerging Islamic practical theology with the findings and theories of contemporary social sciences. It is an inquiry about the lived experience of the Islamic tradition and its application in Islamic counseling with Muslim women subject to domestic violence. By incorporating a holistic examination of the worldview, personhood, and understanding of social and religious obligations of Muslim women in counseling, this book shows how practitioners can empower clients facing trauma and abuse to explore feasible solutions and decrease worry, anxiety, and other negative emotions. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Islamic Psychology Around the Globe Amber Haque, Abdallah Rothman, 2021-06-15 This book examines the development of Islamic Psychology in 17 countries, from Indonesia to the United States. The book broadens the reach of modern psychology by exploring spirituality and religion in the Muslim world. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Islamophobia and Psychiatry H. Steven Moffic, John Peteet, Ahmed Zakaria Hankir, Rania Awaad, 2018-12-17 The book begins by covering the general and clinical challenges that are unique to Muslims, drawing from an internationally, ethnically, and intergenerationally diverse pool of experts. The text covers not only how psychiatrists and other clinicians can intervene successfully with patients, but how we as clinicians can have a role in addressing other societally connected mental health challenges arising from Islamophobia. The text addresses three related but distinct areas of interest: Islamophobia as a destructive force, Islam as a religion that is threatened by stigma and misinformation, and the novel intersection of these forces with the field of psychiatry. Islamophobia and Psychiatry is a vital resource for all clinicians and clinicians in training who may encounter patients struggling with these issues, including adult and child psychiatrists, psychologists, primary care physicians, counselors, social workers, and others. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Islamic Psychology G. Hussein Rassool, 2021-03-31 Islamic Psychology or ilm an-nafs (science of the soul) is an important introductory textbook drawing on the latest evidence in the sub-disciplines of psychology to provide a balanced and comprehensive view of human nature, behaviour and experience. Its foundation to develop theories about human nature is based upon the writings of the Qur'an, Sunna, Muslim scholars and contemporary research findings. Synthesising contemporary empirical psychology and Islamic psychology, this book is holistic in both nature and process and includes the physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions of human behaviour and experience. Through a broad and comprehensive scope, the book addresses three main areas: Context, perspectives and the clinical applications of applied psychology from an Islamic approach. This book is a core text on Islamic psychology for undergraduate and postgraduate students and those undertaking continuing professional development in Islamic psychology, psychotherapy and counselling. Beyond this, it is also a good supporting resource for teachers and lecturers in this field. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy Carrie York Al-Karam, 2020-04-13 Integrating the Islamic faith with modern psychotherapy is at the forefront of the spiritually integrated psychotherapy movement. To bring this work to wider attention and to promote its continuation, Dr. Carrie York Al-Karam has brought together the present volume of nine essays, each of which is written by a Muslim clinician who practices Islamically integrated psychotherapy (IIP)—a modern approach that unites the teachings, principles, and interventions of the faith with Western therapeutic approaches. As delineated in the Introduction, IIP has emerged from a variety of domains including the psychology of religion and spirituality, multicultural psychology and counseling, transpersonal psychology, Muslim Mental Health, and Islamic Psychology. The individual chapters then describe a variety of ways IIP is practiced by Muslim clinicians in their service provision with Muslim clients. The contributors discuss a wide range of topics, such as how Islam can be viewed as a system for psychological wellbeing, or a “science of the soul”; what marital counseling can look like from an Islamically-integrated perspective; Prophet Mohammed as a psycho-spiritual exemplar in a new approach called The HEART Method; the use of Quranic stories in family therapy; as well as using Islamic teachings when working with Muslim children and adolescents. A description of the various approaches is supplemented with discussions of their theoretical underpinnings as well as research-based recommendations for advancing clinical application. What emerges is a vital resource for Muslim and non-Muslim clinicians alike as well as the lay Muslim reader wanting to know more about how the Islamic faith and psychotherapy are engaging with each other in a modern clinical context. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The Oxford Handbook of the History of Psychology: Global Perspectives David B. Baker, 2012 The science and practice of psychology has evolved around the world on different trajectories and timelines, yet with a convergence on the recognition of the need for a human science that can confront the challenges facing the world today. Few would argue that the standard narrative of the history of psychology has emphasized European and American traditions over others, but in today's global culture, there is a greater need in psychology for international understanding. This volume describes the historical development of psychology in countries throughout the world. Contributors provide narratives that examine the political and socioeconomic forces that have shaped their nations' psychologies. Each unique story adds another element to our understanding of the history of psychology. The chapters in this volume remind us that there are unique contexts and circumstances that influence the ways in which the science and practice of psychology are assimilated into our daily lives. Making these contexts and circumstances explicit through historical research and writing provides some promise of greater international insight, as well as a better understanding of the human condition. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Medieval Islamic Maps Karen C. Pinto, 2016-11 The history of Islamic mapping is one of the new frontiers in the history of cartography. This book offers the first in-depth analysis of a distinct tradition of medieval Islamic maps known collectively as the Book of Roads and Kingdoms (Kitab al-Masalik wa al-Mamalik, or KMMS). Created from the mid-tenth through the nineteenth century, these maps offered Islamic rulers, scholars, and armchair explorers a view of the physical and human geography of the Arabian peninsula, the Persian Gulf, the Mediterranean, Spain and North Africa, Syria, Egypt, Iraq, the Iranian provinces, present-day Pakistan, and Transoxiana. Historian Karen C. Pinto examines around 100 examples of these maps retrieved from archives across the world from three points of view: iconography, context, and patronage. By unraveling their many symbols, she guides us through new ways of viewing the Muslim cartographic imagination. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Books-in-Brief: In Service of God and Humanity Benaouda Bensaid, 2016-01-01 IIIT Books-In-Brief Series is a valuable collection of the Institute’s key publications written in condensed form to give readers a core understanding of the main contents of the original. In his passionate devotion to the task of inviting others to Islam, Muhammad al-Ghazali (1917-1996) presented Muslims with a power-ful critique of themselves, not only in their endemic failure to project Islam in the best, most reasoned light, but also in their betrayal of the Qur’an’s spiritual principles and the highest standards set by the Prophet Muhammad. This work analyzes al-Ghazali’s critique of du'at (those inviting to Islam) and the practice of dawah work itself (the call to Islam). It also examines his methodology, various proposed solutions, and the juristic responses to his perspective. The evolution of al-Ghazali’s thought and the people and factors influencing him are key elements of the study. It is hard to conceive where the state of discourse on da¢wah and Islamic reform would be without al-Ghazali’s outstanding contributions. The powerful stand he took on the importance of education, the significant weight he gave to a free society, his promotion of a decent standard of living for the poor, the qualities of moral and personal excellence he appealed for, and his compassionate, impassioned role as an educator, all these pre-serve al-Ghazali’s reputation, both in his own lifetime and for many generations to come, as one of the twentieth century’s most important Muslim intellectual thinkers and reformers. His legacy is founded on a lifetime of service. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: A Cure for Darkness Alex Riley, 2022-03 A portion of this book was previously published in a different form in 'How a wooden bench in Zimbabwe is starting a revolution in mental health' by Alex Riley in Mosaic in 2018--Copyright page. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Abū Zayd Al-Balkhī''s Sustenance of the Soul Malik Badri, 2013 Al-Balki explains symptoms and treatments giving advice on preventive measures and how to return the body and soul to their natural healthy state. In doing so he displays a keen understanding of the human condition and the medical nature of the human emotional state. An astonishing feat given that many of the conditions he discusses were left largely unknown and untreated for centuries before being clinically defined as such, only as relatively recently as the 20th century. A genius, his insights on human psychopathology as well as diagnoses of psychological ailments including stress, depression, fear and anxiety, phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders, together with their treatment by cognitive behavior therapy, relate to us in every way and are in sync with modern psychology. Importantly, they also incorporate a greater dimension to include the soul and the worship of God. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The Construction of Belief Aziz Esmail, Abdou Filali-Ansary, 2013-02-01 Mohammed Arkoun was one of the most prominent and influential Arab intellectuals of his day. During a career spanning more than thirty years, he was revered as an outstanding research scholar, a bold critic of the theoretical tensions embedded within Islamic Studies and an outspoken public figure, upholding political, social and cultural modernism. This Festschrift honours Arkoun's scholarship, bringing together the contributions of eleven distinguished scholars of history, religious studies and philosophy. It offers a comprehensive selection of critical engagements with Arkoun's work, reflecting on his considerable influence on contemporary thinking about Islam and its ideological, philosophical and theological dimensions. The authoritative reference study on the work of Mohammed Arkoun, The Construction of Belief is essential reading for students and scholars of Islam, Muslim societies and cultures, modernity, religious studies, philosophy and semanti. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: QURANIC PSYCHOLOGY LALEH. BAKHTIAR, 2019 |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Milestones Sayyid Quṭb, 2005 On Islam and Islamic civilization. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Evil Eye, Jinn Possession, and Mental Health Issues G. Hussein Rassool, 2018-09-03 Evil Eye, Jinn Possession, and Mental Health Issues raises awareness of the cultural considerations, religion and spirituality involved in the assessment of Muslim patients with mental health problems. The belief that Jinn spirits can cause mental illness in humans through affliction or possession is widely accepted among Muslims, meaning this belief is a crucial, but frequently overlooked, aspect of mental health problems with Muslim patients in psychiatric care. This book explores the nature of such beliefs, their relationship to mental health and the reasons for their importance in clinical practice. The book argues that it is vital to consider mental disorders as a multifactorial affair, in which spiritual, social, psychological and physical factors may all play a role. It suggests differential diagnostic skills may have an important part to play in offering help to those who believe their problems are caused by possession, and provides accessible literature on clinical issues and practice, interventions, management and evidence-based practice to help health workers achieve a better understanding of Muslim beliefs about possession and how to work with patients that hold such beliefs. Evil Eye, Jinn Possession, and Mental Health Issues is an essential manual for mental health professionals, social workers and psychologists. It should also be of interest to academics and students in the healthcare sciences. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: With the Heart in Mind Mikaeel Ahmed Smith, 2020-07-13 With the Heart in Mind is an inquiry into the nature of the intellect and how classical Islamic theologians understood the nature and function of the intellect. With the Heart in Mind asks readers to consider an alternative understanding of intelligence in which the primary function of the intellect is to know God and lead others to Him as well. The author suggests that by studying the Emotional Intelligence of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.), we improve the quality of our relationships with the people around us and we, like the Prophet (s.a.w.), can become catalysts for change around us. Emotional Intelligence within the author’s model of intelligence is a tool by which the message of God is transferred to humanity. With the Heart in Mind reminds us that “To be loved by people is half of intelligence.” |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The Divine Reality Hamza Andreas Tzortzis, 2019-09-30 In The Divine Reality, (Newly Revised Edition 2019) Hamza Andreas Tzortzis provides a compelling case for the rational and spiritual foundations of Islam, whilst intelligently and compassionately deconstructing atheism. Join him on an existential, spiritual and rational journey that articulates powerful arguments for the existence of God, the Qur'an, the Prophethood of Muhammad and why we must know, love and worship God. He addresses academic and popular objections while showing how contemporary atheism is based on false assumptions about reality, which leads to incoherent answers to life's important questions. Does hope, happiness and human value make sense without the Divine?Do we have an ultimate purpose?Can we have consciousness and rational minds without God?Did the universe come from nothing?Does evil and suffering negate Divine mercy?Has scientific progress led to the denial of God?Are revelation and prophethood myths?Is God worthy of our worship?If you want to know how the Islamic intellectual and spiritual tradition answers these questions then this is the book for you.Hamza Andreas Tzortzis's new book presents a much needed comprehensive account of Islamic theism that draws upon Western and Islamic thought. Hamza Tzortzis is an international speaker, writer and instructor. He has a PgCert and an MA in philosophy and is currently continuing his postgraduate studies in the field. Hamza has studied Islamic thought and theology under qualified scholars. He has delivered workshops and courses on topics related to Islamic thought and philosophy. Hamza has debated prominent academics and thinkers on Islam and atheism. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: What Is The Origin Of Man? Maurice Bucaille, 2005-11-01 |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: An Introduction to 'Ilm Al-Kalam Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari, 2017-05-27 This book is one of the many Islamic publications distributed by Mustafa Organization throughout the world in different languages with the aim of conveying the message of Islam to the people of the world. Mustafa Organization is a registered Organization that operates and is sustained through collaborative efforts of volunteers in many countries around the world, and it welcomes your involvement and support. Its objectives are numerous, yet its main goal is to spread the truth about the Islamic faith in general and the Shi`a School of Thought in particular due to the latter being misrepresented, misunderstood and its tenets often assaulted by many ignorant folks, Muslims and non-Muslims. Organization's purpose is to facilitate the dissemination of knowledge through a global medium, the Internet, to locations where such resources are not commonly or easily accessible or are resented, resisted and fought! |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The biographical encyclopaedia of Islamic philosophy. 1. A - I Oliver Leaman, 2006 |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Daily Wisdom: Islamic Prayers and Supplications Abdur Raheem Kidwai, 2013 365 supplications and prayers from the Islamic tradition rendered into simple and elegant English, accompanied with the original Arabic. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Understanding Maqasid al-Shari’ah Musfir bin Ali al-Qahtani, 2015-01-01 Dr. Musafir bin Ali al-Qahtani's work contributes to the ever growing body of scholarly literature in the field of maqasid al-Shari'ah (higher objectives of Islamic law). Understanding Maqasidal-Shari’ah calls for the development of a juridicial sense that is finely tuned to the higher objectives and purposes of Islamic rulings, the aims of which are the formulation of a new methodology in understanding the revealed texts and the reform of Muslim thought and its application. The author draws attention to the importance of understanding various levels of maqasid, including distinguishing between primary aims (al-maqasid al-asliyyah) and secondary aims (al-maqasid al-tabi'ah). Al-Qahtani asserts that a positive understanding of the objectives of the Shari'ah should produce affirming human and cultural developments in Muslim societies. The real strength of this work, however, is in the author's application of higher objectives and aims to different areas of jurisprudence, such as in deriving and issuing religious rulings (ifta'). and to important social issues and problems present in Muslim societies, such as extremism, jihad, commanding right and forbidding wrong, social change, crisis of Muslim thought, countering religious excessiveness, the need for recreation and leisure, citizenship and nation-belonging, spreading beauty and harmony in Islam, and the role of Muslim women in society. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The Freud Scenario Jean-Paul Sartre, 2013-03-12 In 1958, the US director John Huston asked Jean-Paul Sartre to write a scenario for a film about Sigmund Freud. Huston wanted Sartre to concentrate on the conflict-ridden period of Freud’s life when he abandoned hypnosis and invented psychoanalysis. The Freud Scenario, discovered in Sartre’s papers after his death, is the result—a deft portrait of a man engaged in a personal and intellectual struggle that would prove a turning point in twentieth-century thought. Sartre did not regard this script as a diversion from his larger intellectual project. Freud’s preoccupations with female hysteria and the father relationship touched on major themes in his own work, and Loser Wins, The Family Idiot and Words, some of Sartre’s most celebrated publications, are all in some way derived from his work for Huston. Written for a Hollywood audience, The Freud Scenario demonstrates that, in addition to a towering intellect, Sartre enjoyed a genuine popular touch. Already widely acclaimed in France, The Freud Scenario stands as a valuable testament to two of the most influential minds in modern history. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The Degrees of the Soul ʻAbd al-Khaliq Al-Shabrāwī, 1997-01 This book unlocks the secrets of the seven degrees through which the soul progresses as it travels the Sufi Path to its Lord. It teaches the novice how to transform the Inciting Soul the lowest and most egotistic of the self's manifestations, into the Reproachful Soul, which must then become Inspired, Serene, Contented, and Found Pleasing until it attains the ultimate degree of sanctity and wholeness as the Perfect Soul. To achieve this progressive purification of the self, special Sufi practices, litanies and attitudes of mind are recommended. Both practical and profound, this book offers a concise manual of Sufi teaching on the Way to spiritual liberation. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The Isma'ilis Farhad Daftary, 1992-04-24 Scattered across the globe, the Isma'ilis constitute the second largest Shi'i community in the Muslim World. This study traces their history and doctrinal developments from their origins to the present day over a period of twelve centuries. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Positive Psychology Alan Carr, 2013-09-05 Remediating deficits and managing disabilities has been a central preoccupation for clinical psychologists. Positive Psychology, in contrast, is concerned with the enhancement of happiness and well-being, involving the scientific study of the role of personal strengths and positive social systems in the promotion of optimal wellbeing. Alan Carr's Positive Psychology has become essential reading for anyone requiring a thorough and accessible introduction to the field. This new edition retains all the features that made the first edition so popular, including: accounts of major theories and relevant research learning objectives chapter summaries research and personal development questions suggestions for further reading measures for use in research glossaries of new terms. The book has also been completely updated to take account of recent research and major advances, and includes a new chapter on Positive Psychotherapy, an extended account of research on character strengths and virtues, and a discussion of recent ground-breaking research on emotional intelligence. This new edition of Positive Psychology will prove a valuable resource for psychology students and lecturers, as well as those involved in postgraduate training in related areas such as clinical psychology, social work, counselling and psychotherapy. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: A Taste of Honey Habeeb Akande, 2015-08-12 A Taste of Honey provides a scholarly exposition on the prominent place that sexuality and erotology enjoyed in traditional Islam. The book is divided into two parts; part one presents a critical examination of sexual ethics and part two consists of a concise treatise on the art of seduction and lovemaking. The central aim of this book argues that Islam is a sexually enlightened religion which teaches that sensuality should not be devoid of spirituality. The book also argues that the loss of sacred sensuality afflicting modern society can be reclaimed by a revival of the classical erotological tradition. Drawing upon the Qur’ān, ĥadīth and traditional erotological literature, the book follows the style and composition of classical Eastern and Afro-Arab love texts such as the Kama Sutra and Jalāl ad-Dīn aś-Śuyūţī’s erotic treatises. A Taste of Honey is a thought-provoking work on a highly sensitive, yet extremely important subject. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: The Young Atheist's Handbook Alom Shaha, 2012-07-19 Growing up in a strict Muslim community in south-east London, Alom Shaha learnt that religion was not to be questioned. Reciting the Qur'an without understanding what it meant was simply a part of life; so, too, was obeying the imam and enduring beatings when he failed to attend the local mosque. But Alom was more drawn to science and its power to illuminate. As a teen, he lived between two worlds: the home controlled by his authoritarian father, and a school alive with books and ideas. In a charming blend of memoir, philosophy and science, Alom explores the questions about faith and the afterlife that we all ponder. This is a book for anyone who wonders what they should believe and how they should live. It's for those who may need the facts and the ideas, as well as the courage, to break free from inherited beliefs. In this powerful narrative, Alom shows that it is possible to live a compassionate, fulfilling and meaningful life without God. |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Psychology from the Islamic Perspective Aisha Utz, 2011 |
| abu zayd al balkhi psychology: Timeless Seeds of Advice B. B. Abdulla, 2019-09-13 A selection of beautiful and practical pieces of advice from the Quran, the Prophet PBUH and Islam's great scholars on repentance, guidance and purification. This book is designed to serve as a source of hope and strength for those going through difficult times, while providing numerous important pieces of knowledge and guidance for all readers and all times |
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