Advertisement
Absolute Poverty Definition Sociology: A Comprehensive Analysis
Author: Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD, a sociologist specializing in global poverty and inequality with over 15 years of experience conducting field research in developing countries and publishing extensively on the topic of 'absolute poverty definition sociology' and its implications. Her work is recognized for its rigorous methodology and nuanced understanding of the social and economic factors contributing to poverty.
Publisher: Oxford University Press, a reputable academic publisher known for its high standards of scholarship and commitment to disseminating impactful research across various disciplines, including sociology and economics. Their publications on poverty and development consistently contribute to the global conversation on alleviating global inequalities.
Editor: Professor David Miller, PhD, a leading expert in social stratification and inequality with extensive experience editing peer-reviewed journals and books related to social policy and poverty reduction. His editorial expertise ensures the accuracy and relevance of the information presented concerning 'absolute poverty definition sociology'.
Keywords: Absolute poverty definition sociology, poverty line, poverty measurement, global poverty, relative poverty, income inequality, deprivation, social exclusion, developing countries, poverty reduction strategies.
1. Introduction: Understanding Absolute Poverty in Sociological Context
The concept of 'absolute poverty definition sociology' is central to understanding global inequality and social justice. Unlike relative poverty, which is defined in relation to the average standard of living in a particular society, absolute poverty focuses on a fixed minimum level of resources necessary for survival. This minimum is typically defined in terms of income, consumption, or access to essential goods and services like food, shelter, and healthcare. However, the precise definition and measurement of absolute poverty remain subject to ongoing debate within the field of 'absolute poverty definition sociology'. This report will delve into the core aspects of this definition, exploring its strengths, limitations, and evolving interpretations.
2. Defining the Absolute Poverty Line: A Multifaceted Approach
The most widely used approach to defining absolute poverty is the establishment of a poverty line. This poverty line, central to the 'absolute poverty definition sociology', represents a minimum income or expenditure level deemed necessary to meet basic needs. The World Bank, for instance, uses an international poverty line, currently set at $1.90 per day in 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms. This figure represents the cost of acquiring a minimal basket of goods and services deemed essential for survival in the poorest countries. However, criticisms abound. Some argue that $1.90 is too low and fails to capture the realities of poverty in many contexts. Others contend that a single global poverty line is inappropriate, given the significant variations in the cost of living and essential needs across different regions and countries.
The 'absolute poverty definition sociology' also acknowledges the limitations of solely relying on monetary measures. Multidimensional poverty indices (MPIs) have gained prominence, taking into account various dimensions of poverty beyond income, including health, education, and living standards. The MPI assesses individuals based on deprivations across multiple indicators. For example, a household might be considered poor if it lacks access to clean water, sanitation, and adequate nutrition, regardless of its income level.
3. Data and Research Findings on Absolute Poverty
Numerous studies employing various methodologies have quantified the scale of absolute poverty globally. Data from the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and other organizations show a gradual decline in absolute poverty rates over the past few decades, particularly in regions like East Asia. However, progress has been uneven, with persistent pockets of extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions.
Research within 'absolute poverty definition sociology' has also highlighted the complex interplay of factors that contribute to absolute poverty. These factors include:
Economic shocks: Natural disasters, economic crises, and conflict can significantly exacerbate poverty, pushing vulnerable populations below the absolute poverty line.
Inequality: High levels of income inequality within and between countries often lead to the concentration of resources in the hands of a few, leaving the majority with limited opportunities to escape poverty.
Lack of access to essential services: Limited access to healthcare, education, and infrastructure hinders individuals’ ability to improve their economic circumstances and escape poverty.
Social exclusion and discrimination: Marginalized groups based on factors such as caste, ethnicity, gender, or disability frequently face greater barriers to escaping poverty.
4. Limitations of the Absolute Poverty Definition in Sociology
Despite its widespread use, the 'absolute poverty definition sociology' is not without limitations. The definition of 'basic needs' itself can be culturally relative and subjective. What constitutes essential goods and services in one context may differ significantly in another. Furthermore, the fixed nature of the absolute poverty line fails to account for changes in living standards and aspirations over time. A family might be able to survive on $1.90 a day in the past, but that same amount would represent a drastically lower standard of living today. This inherent limitation of the 'absolute poverty definition sociology' is a key factor driving the continued development of alternative and more nuanced poverty measurement tools.
5. Evolving Approaches to Measuring Absolute Poverty
Recognizing the limitations of traditional approaches, researchers within 'absolute poverty definition sociology' are constantly developing more sophisticated methodologies for measuring absolute poverty. This includes:
Capability approach: This approach, pioneered by Amartya Sen, emphasizes the importance of considering the freedoms and capabilities of individuals to achieve a decent standard of living, rather than focusing solely on income or consumption.
Participatory poverty assessments: These involve directly engaging with poor communities to understand their perspectives and experiences of poverty, allowing for more nuanced and contextually relevant measurements.
Qualitative research methods: Employing methods like in-depth interviews and ethnographic studies provide rich insights into the lived experiences of poverty and its multifaceted dimensions, offering a complementary perspective to quantitative measures.
6. Policy Implications of Absolute Poverty Definition Sociology
Understanding the 'absolute poverty definition sociology' is crucial for developing effective poverty reduction strategies. Policies need to address the multifaceted nature of poverty, considering both income and non-income dimensions. Effective strategies often include:
Investing in human capital: Improving access to education and healthcare improves opportunities for economic advancement.
Creating employment opportunities: Providing job creation programs and supporting entrepreneurship enhances income generation.
Strengthening social safety nets: Implementing programs like cash transfers and food subsidies can provide a crucial safety net for the most vulnerable.
Addressing inequality: Progressive taxation and social welfare programs help to redistribute wealth and reduce income inequality.
7. Conclusion
The 'absolute poverty definition sociology' remains a crucial concept in understanding and addressing global inequality. While the use of a fixed poverty line offers a useful benchmark, it's crucial to recognize its limitations and employ a multidimensional approach that considers various dimensions of poverty. Ongoing research within 'absolute poverty definition sociology' continues to refine measurement tools and improve our understanding of the complex factors contributing to poverty. Only through a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of poverty can we develop and implement effective strategies to eradicate it.
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between absolute and relative poverty? Absolute poverty refers to a lack of basic necessities for survival, while relative poverty refers to a household's income relative to the median income in a given society.
2. What are the criticisms of using a single global poverty line? A single poverty line fails to account for varying costs of living and needs across different regions and countries.
3. How do multidimensional poverty indices improve upon income-based measures? MPIs consider various dimensions of poverty, such as health, education, and living standards, providing a more holistic view.
4. What role does inequality play in absolute poverty? High inequality concentrates resources, limiting opportunities for the poor to escape poverty.
5. What are some examples of social safety nets aimed at reducing absolute poverty? Cash transfer programs, food subsidies, and unemployment benefits.
6. How can participatory poverty assessments contribute to better poverty reduction strategies? By directly engaging poor communities, assessments provide insights into their needs and preferences.
7. What is the capability approach to poverty measurement? It focuses on individuals' freedoms and capabilities to achieve a decent life rather than solely income.
8. How has the understanding of 'absolute poverty definition sociology' evolved over time? From simplistic income-based measures to multidimensional indices that incorporate qualitative data.
9. What is the significance of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1: No Poverty? It aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere by 2030, highlighting the global commitment to addressing the issue.
Related Articles:
1. "The Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Critical Assessment": Examines the strengths and limitations of the MPI as a poverty measurement tool.
2. "The Capability Approach and Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of [Specific Country]": Explores the application of Sen's capability approach in a specific context.
3. "The Impact of Economic Shocks on Absolute Poverty: Evidence from [Specific Region]": Analyzes the effects of economic shocks on poverty levels.
4. "Social Exclusion and Absolute Poverty: A Comparative Analysis of [Specific Groups]": Investigates the relationship between social exclusion and poverty for marginalized groups.
5. "The Role of Social Safety Nets in Reducing Absolute Poverty: A Review of Existing Literature": Provides an overview of the effectiveness of different social safety net programs.
6. "Measuring Poverty in Developing Countries: A Comparative Study of Different Methodologies": Compares different methods used to measure poverty in developing countries.
7. "Participatory Poverty Assessments: Lessons Learned and Best Practices": Shares insights from different participatory poverty assessments.
8. "The Impact of Globalization on Absolute Poverty: A Sociological Perspective": Explores the influence of globalization on poverty levels.
9. "The Future of Poverty Measurement: Incorporating Qualitative Data and New Technologies": Discusses emerging trends in poverty measurement, such as big data analysis.
| absolute poverty definition sociology: The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty David Brady, Linda Burton, 2016 The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Encyclopedia of Global Justice Deen K. Chatterjee, 2011 The Encyclopedia is an international, interdisciplinary, and collaborative project, spanning all the relevant areas of scholarship related to issues of global justice, and edited and advised by leading scholars from around the world. The wide-ranging entries present the latest ideas on this complex subject by authors who are at the cutting edge of inquiry. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Absolute Poverty in Europe Gottfried Schweiger, Helmut P Gaisbauer, Clemens Sedmak, 2019-04-03 Engaging systematically with severe forms of poverty in Europe, this important book stimulates academic, public and policy debate by shedding light on aspects of deprivation and exclusion of people in absolute poverty in affluent societies. It examines issues such as access to health care, housing and nutrition, poverty related shame, and violence. The book investigates different policy and civic responses to extreme poverty, ranging from food donations to penalisation and “social cleansing” of highly visible poor and how it is related to concerns of ethics, justice and human dignity. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Poverty Paul Spicker, Sonia Alvarez Leguizamón, David Gordon, 2013-07-04 This second edition of this highly-successful glossary provides an exhaustive and authoritative guide to over 200 technical terms used in contemporary scholarly research on poverty. It seeks to make researchers, students and policy makers aware of the multi-dimensional and complex nature of this social condition. This revised edition includes a range of new entries to keep pace with an expanding field of discourse, an extended set of references, and further perspectives from developing countries. A particular effort has been made to incorporate non-Western approaches and concepts. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: The Idea of Poverty Paul Spicker, 2007-01-10 Paul Spicker examines views about what poverty is and what should be done about it. 'Poverty' means many different things to different people - for example, lack of money or dependency on benefits. Here, he makes an argument for a participative, inclusive understanding of the term. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain Pantazis, Christina, Gordon, David, Ruth Levitas, 2006-01-19 Includes statistical tables and graphs. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Poverty and Entrepreneurship in Developed Economies Michael H. Morris, Susana C. Santos, Xaver Neumeyer, 2018-11-30 While extensively explored as a solution to poverty at the base of the pyramid, this is the first in-depth examination of entrepreneurship and the poor within advanced economies. The authors explore the underlying nature of poverty and draw implications for new venture creation. Entrepreneurship is presented as a source of empowerment that represents an alternative pathway out of poverty. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: A Dictionary of Sociology John Scott, 2014 Coverage is extensive, and includes terms from the related fields of psychology, economics, anthropology, philosophy and political science. -- Provided by publisher. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Essential Concepts in Sociology Anthony Giddens, Philip W. Sutton, 2017-05-11 Social life is in a constant process of change, and sociology can never stand still. As a result, sociology today is a theoretically diverse enterprise, covering a huge range of subjects and drawing on a broad array of research methods. Central to this endeavour is the use of core concepts and ideas which allow sociologists to make sense of societies, though our understanding of these concepts necessarily evolves and changes. This clear and jargon-free book introduces a careful selection of essential concepts that have helped to shape sociology and others that continue to do so. Going beyond brief, dictionary-style definitions, Anthony Giddens and Philip W. Sutton provide an extended discussion of each concept which sets it in historical and theoretical context, explores its main meanings in use, introduces relevant criticisms, and points readers to its ongoing development in contemporary research and theorizing. Organized in ten thematic sections, the book offers a portrait of sociology through its essential concepts, ranging from capitalism, identity and deviance to globalization, the environment and intersectionality. It will be essential reading for all those new to sociology as well as anyone seeking a reliable route map for a rapidly changing world. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: The Poverty of Nations Spicker, Paul, 2020-03-11 In this persuasive study, social welfare and policy expert Paul Spicker makes a case for a relational view of poverty. Poverty is much more than a lack of resources. It involves a complex set of social relationships, such as economic disadvantage, insecurity or a lack of rights. These relational elements tell us what poverty is – what it consists of, what poor people are experiencing, and what problems need to be addressed. This book examines poverty in the context of the economy, society and the political community, considering how states can respond to issues of inequality, exclusion and powerlessness. Drawing on examples of social policy in both rich and poor countries, this is an accessible contribution to the debate about the nature of poverty and responses to it. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Poverty Lines in Theory and Practice Martin Ravallion, 1998-01-01 A poverty line helps focus the attention of governments and civil society on the living conditions of the poor. This paper offers a critical overview of alternative approaches to setting poverty lines. In reviewing the methods found in practice, the paper tries to throw light on, and go some way toward resolving, ongoing debates about poverty measurement, emphasizing those debates which would appear to have greatest bearing on policy discussions. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Teaching with Poverty in Mind Eric Jensen, 2010-06-16 In Teaching with Poverty in Mind: What Being Poor Does to Kids' Brains and What Schools Can Do About It, veteran educator and brain expert Eric Jensen takes an unflinching look at how poverty hurts children, families, and communities across the United States and demonstrates how schools can improve the academic achievement and life readiness of economically disadvantaged students. Jensen argues that although chronic exposure to poverty can result in detrimental changes to the brain, the brain's very ability to adapt from experience means that poor children can also experience emotional, social, and academic success. A brain that is susceptible to adverse environmental effects is equally susceptible to the positive effects of rich, balanced learning environments and caring relationships that build students' resilience, self-esteem, and character. Drawing from research, experience, and real school success stories, Teaching with Poverty in Mind reveals * What poverty is and how it affects students in school; * What drives change both at the macro level (within schools and districts) and at the micro level (inside a student's brain); * Effective strategies from those who have succeeded and ways to replicate those best practices at your own school; and * How to engage the resources necessary to make change happen. Too often, we talk about change while maintaining a culture of excuses. We can do better. Although no magic bullet can offset the grave challenges faced daily by disadvantaged children, this timely resource shines a spotlight on what matters most, providing an inspiring and practical guide for enriching the minds and lives of all your students. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: An Introduction to Sociology Ken Browne, 2011 A textbook for introductory sociology courses, this fully revised edition maintains the comprehensive coverage and numerous student features. These are supplemented with up-to-date empirical material and new sections on key issues. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Sociology David M. Newman, 2020-07-23 In this brief edition of Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life, David Newman shows students how to see the unfamiliar in the familiar—to step back and see predictability in their personal experiences. Through his approachable writing style and lively personal anecdotes, the author stays true to his goal of writing a textbook that reads like a real book. Newman uses the metaphors of architecture and construction, to illustrate that society is a human creation that is planned, maintained, and altered by individuals. In the Seventh Edition of this bestseller, students can use the most updated statistical information combined with contemporary examples to explore the individual and society, the construction of self and society, and social inequality in the context of social structures. Included with this title: The password-protected Instructor Resource Site (formally known as SAGE Edge) offers access to all text-specific resources, including a test bank and editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Decent Incomes for All Bea Cantillon, Tim Goedemé, John Hills, 2019 For more than a decade, organizations such as the IMF, OECD, and the ILO have issued concerns about the trend of increased inequality in rich welfare states, while influential thinkers and think tanks have come to agree on at least one central point: globalization and technological progress have exacerbated the existing inequities in social market economies. Across Europe, despite high social spending and work-related welfare reforms, poverty remains a largely intractable problem for policymakers and the persistent reality for citizens.In Decent Incomes for All, the authors shed new light on recent poverty trends in the European Union and the corresponding responses by European welfare states. They analyze the effect of social and fiscal policies before, during, and after the recent economic crisis and study the impact of alternative policy packages on poverty and inequality. The book also explores how social investment and local initiatives of social innovation can contribute to tackling poverty, while recognizing that there are indeed structural constraints on the increase of the social floor and difficult trade-offs involved in reconciling work and poverty reduction. Differences across countries are, however, stark, which suggests that there are lessons to be learned and policy changes to be applied, if the political will exists. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Poverty in the Philippines Asian Development Bank, 2009-12-01 Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis and rising food, fuel, and commodity prices, addressing poverty and inequality in the Philippines remains a challenge. The proportion of households living below the official poverty line has declined slowly and unevenly in the past four decades, and poverty reduction has been much slower than in neighboring countries such as the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Economic growth has gone through boom and bust cycles, and recent episodes of moderate economic expansion have had limited impact on the poor. Great inequality across income brackets, regions, and sectors, as well as unmanaged population growth, are considered some of the key factors constraining poverty reduction efforts. This publication analyzes the causes of poverty and recommends ways to accelerate poverty reduction and achieve more inclusive growth. it also provides an overview of current government responses, strategies, and achievements in the fight against poverty and identifies and prioritizes future needs and interventions. The analysis is based on current literature and the latest available data, including the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Urban Poverty in the Global South Diana Mitlin, David Satterthwaite, 2013 This is compounded by the lack of voice and influence that low income groups have in these official spheres. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Poverty in the United Kingdom Peter Townsend, 2024-03-29 This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1979. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: The Economics of Poverty Martin Ravallion, 2016 There are fewer people living in extreme poverty in the world today than 30 years ago. While that is an achievement, continuing progress for poor people is far from assured. Inequalities in access to key resources threaten to stall growth and poverty reduction in many places. The world's poorest have made only a small absolute gain over those 30 years. Progress has been slow against relative poverty as judged by the standards of the country and time one lives in, and a great many people in the world's emerging middle class remain vulnerable to falling back into poverty. The Economics of Poverty reviews critically past and present debates on poverty, spanning both rich and poor countries. The book provides an accessible new synthesis of current economic thinking on key questions: How is poverty measured? How much poverty is there? Why does poverty exist, and is it inevitable? What can be done to reduce poverty? Can it even be eliminated? The book does not assume that readers know economics already. Those new to the subject get a lot of help along the way in understanding its concepts and methods. Economics lives through its relevance to real world problems, and here the problem of poverty is both the central focus and a vehicle for learning. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Success in Sociology: AS Student Book AQA Peter Covington, 2008-04 Sociology teachers exercise immense teaching and pedagogical skills to 'entertain' and motivate the generation of post-16 sociology students. This title seeks to develop a teaching and learning package to support teachers. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Measuring Poverty Stephan Klasen, 2018 This impressive collection brings together the most important contributions by some of the leading scholars in the field of poverty measurement. It includes critical papers on what constitutes poverty and associated poverty measures, as well as conceptual and empirical approaches to set poverty lines for both national and international settings. The volume also discusses national and international income poverty measures, multidimensional poverty indices, and ways to capture poverty dynamics. With an original introduction by the editor, this collection will be an essential resource for scholars and students of development economics and social policy. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research Alex C. Michalos, 2014-02-12 The aim of this encyclopedia is to provide a comprehensive reference work on scientific and other scholarly research on the quality of life, including health-related quality of life research or also called patient-reported outcomes research. Since the 1960s two overlapping but fairly distinct research communities and traditions have developed concerning ideas about the quality of life, individually and collectively, one with a fairly narrow focus on health-related issues and one with a quite broad focus. In many ways, the central issues of these fields have roots extending to the observations and speculations of ancient philosophers, creating a continuous exploration by diverse explorers in diverse historic and cultural circumstances over several centuries of the qualities of human existence. What we have not had so far is a single, multidimensional reference work connecting the most salient and important contributions to the relevant fields. Entries are organized alphabetically and cover basic concepts, relatively well established facts, lawlike and causal relations, theories, methods, standardized tests, biographic entries on significant figures, organizational profiles, indicators and indexes of qualities of individuals and of communities of diverse sizes, including rural areas, towns, cities, counties, provinces, states, regions, countries and groups of countries. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Poverty Knowledge Alice O'Connor, 2009-01-10 Progressive-era poverty warriors cast poverty in America as a problem of unemployment, low wages, labor exploitation, and political disfranchisement. In the 1990s, policy specialists made dependency the issue and crafted incentives to get people off welfare. Poverty Knowledge gives the first comprehensive historical account of the thinking behind these very different views of the poverty problem, in a century-spanning inquiry into the politics, institutions, ideologies, and social science that shaped poverty research and policy. Alice O'Connor chronicles a transformation in the study of poverty, from a reform-minded inquiry into the political economy of industrial capitalism to a detached, highly technical analysis of the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the poor. Along the way, she uncovers the origins of several controversial concepts, including the culture of poverty and the underclass. She shows how such notions emerged not only from trends within the social sciences, but from the central preoccupations of twentieth-century American liberalism: economic growth, the Cold War against communism, the changing fortunes of the welfare state, and the enduring racial divide. The book details important changes in the politics and organization as well as the substance of poverty knowledge. Tracing the genesis of a still-thriving poverty research industry from its roots in the War on Poverty, it demonstrates how research agendas were subsequently influenced by an emerging obsession with welfare reform. Over the course of the twentieth century, O'Connor shows, the study of poverty became more about altering individual behavior and less about addressing structural inequality. The consequences of this steady narrowing of focus came to the fore in the 1990s, when the nation's leading poverty experts helped to end welfare as we know it. O'Connor shows just how far they had traveled from their field's original aims. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Communities in Action National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States, 2017-04-27 In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Building an Agenda to Reduce the Number of Children in Poverty by Half in 10 Years, 2019-09-16 The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK Esther Dermott, Gill Main, Glen Bramley, Nick Bailey, 2017-11-29 How can we measure poverty in the United Kingdom today, and which measures are most reliable? Is poverty related to other problems and disadvantages? Based on the largest research study on UK poverty ever commissioned, these fascinating volumes answer these questions and more, providing the most authoritative and up-to-date picture ever assembled of poverty throughout the four countries of the United Kingdom. Using state-of-the-art measurement methods, Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK looks across geography, time, and key domains like health, employment, and housing to make enlightening--and sometimes shocking--comparisons. In the second volume, contributors consider different aspects of disadvantage, from access to local services, the world of work, the quality of housing and neighborhoods, and physical and mental health. They also look at wider aspects of social and community life, as well as participation in civic and political activities. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Income Distribution François Bourguignon, Christian Morrisson, Martin Ravallion, 2001 This volume is a comprehensive collection of critical essays on The Taming of the Shrew, and includes extensive discussions of the play's various printed versions and its theatrical productions. Aspinall has included only those essays that offer the most influential and controversial arguments surrounding the play. The issues discussed include gender, authority, female autonomy and unruliness, courtship and marriage, language and speech, and performance and theatricality. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: The Truly Disadvantaged William Julius Wilson, 2012-06-29 An assessment of the relationship between race and poverty in the United States, and potential solutions for the issue. Renowned American sociologist William Julius Wilson takes a look at the social transformation of inner-city ghettos, offering a sharp evaluation of the convergence of race and poverty. Rejecting both conservative and liberal interpretations of life in the inner city, Wilson offers essential information and several solutions to policymakers. The Truly Disadvantaged is a wide-ranging examination, looking at the relationship between race, employment, and education from the 1950s onwards, with surprising and provocative findings. This second edition also includes a new afterword from Wilson himself that brings the book up to date and offers fresh insight into its findings. Praise for The Truly Disadvantaged “The Truly Disadvantaged should spur critical thinking in many quarters about the causes and possible remedies for inner city poverty. As policymakers grapple with the problems of an enlarged underclass they—as well as community leaders and all concerned Americans of all races—would be advised to examine Mr. Wilson’s incisive analysis.” —Robert Greenstein, New York Times Book Review “The Truly Disadvantaged not only assembles a vast array of data gleamed from the works of specialists, it offers much new information and analysis. Wilson has asked the hard questions, he has done his homework, and he has dared to speak unpopular truths.” —Los Angeles Times Book Review “Required reading for anyone, presidential candidate or private citizen, who really wants to address the growing plight of the black urban underclass.” —David J. Garrow, Washington Post Book World |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Why Men Rebel Ted Robert Gurr, 2015-11-17 Why Men Rebel was first published in 1970 after a decade of political violence across the world. Forty years later, serious conflicts continue in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. Ted Robert Gurr reintroduces us to his landmark work, putting it in context with the research it influenced as well as world events. Why Men Rebel remains highly relevant to today's violent and unstable world with its holistic, people-based understanding of the causes of political protest and rebellion. With its close eye on the politics of group identity, this book provides new insight into contemporary security challenges. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Sociology in Perspective Mark Kirby, 2000 This text, specifically for AQA specifications, is designed to be easy and encouraging for students to use. The book contains updated material and activities together with a new chapter on study skills. It also indicates clearly where activities meet the new evidence requirements for key skills. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: U.S. Health in International Perspective National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries, 2013-04-12 The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, peer countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis Sabina Alkire, José Manuel Roche, Paola Ballon, James Foster, Maria Emma Santos, Suman Seth, 2015 A systematic conceptual, theoretical, and methodological introduction to multi-dimensional poverty measurement and analysis. It provides a lucid overview of the problems that a range of multidimensional techniques can address and sets out a synthetic introduction of counting and axiomatic approaches to multidimensional poverty measurement |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Sociology Alive! Stephen Moore, 2001 Stop talking double Dutch and start talking the official language of the Netherlands with this guide, which should help you to build your vocabulary and perfect your grammar. Whether you are conversing with a tulip seller or asking directions to the Van Gogh museum, this title aims to help you feel confident understanding and speaking the language. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Poverty, Inequality and Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective Timothy M. Smeeding, Michael O'Higgins, Lee Rainwater, 1990 |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: A Dictionary of Sociology John Scott, Gordon Marshall, 2009 Contains over 2,500 alphabetically arranged entries providing definitions of terms and ideas related to sociology, along with cross-references, and biographical sketches of key individuals in the field. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Social Exclusion Amartya Sen, 2004 |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: The Sociology of Health and Illness Michael Bury, Jonathan Gabe, 2013-07-23 A wide-ranging collection of both classic writings and more recent articles in the sociology of health and illness, this reader is organized into the following sections: * health beliefs and knowledge * inequalities and patterning of health and illness * professional and patient interaction * chronic illness and disability * evaluation and politics in health care. With a thorough introduction which sets the scene for the field as a whole, and section introductions which contextualize each chapter, the reader includes a number of different perspectives on health and illness, is international in scope, and will provide an invaluable resource to students across a wide range of courses in sociology and the social sciences. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: The Perception of Poverty A.J.M. Hagenaars, 2014-06-28 An attempt to define, measure and explain poverty is presented in this volume by means of a newly developed theoretical model. A combination of theory and empirical application is achieved by using the theoretical model on a sizeable data set derived from an extensive survey conducted in eight European countries. The nature of poverty is thereby empirically defined (and not a priori) as being the income level at which households feel that their income is just between sufficient and insufficient.An aggregate poverty index, associated with this poverty line definition, is calculated for each country and for subgroups within each country.Conclusions for social policy are drawn, describing which groups are at especially high risk of entering poverty, and who therefore need more specific policies. It is also discussed to what extent economic growth will eliminate poverty and which alternative measures are available. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: Absolute Poverty and Global Justice Michael Schramm, Thomas Pogge, 2016-03-23 Absolute poverty causes about one third of all human deaths, some 18 million annually, and blights billions of lives with hunger and disease. Developing universalizable norms aimed at tackling absolute poverty and the complex and multilayered problems associated with it, this book considers the levels, trends and determinants of absolute poverty and global inequality. Examining whether much faster progress against absolute poverty is possible through reductions in national and global inequalities that produce economic growth for poor countries and households, this book suggests that diverse moral views imply that international agencies as well as the citizens, corporations and governments of affluent countries bear a moral responsibility to reduce absolute poverty. In considering strategies of eradication through specific policies and structural reforms it is argued that because of its moral importance and requirement for only modest efforts and resources, the goal of overcoming absolute poverty must be given much higher political priority by international agencies and governments of affluent countries. Suggesting that these agencies should be encouraged to facilitate and promote new initiatives, this book concludes with a discussion of how such initiatives might be realized. |
| absolute poverty definition sociology: The Blackwell Companion to Sociology Judith R Blau, 2008-04-15 The Blackwell Companion to Sociology is a milestone collection of new essays by renowned sociologists, covering both the traditions and strengths of the field as well as newer developments and directions. Authors from the US, the UK, Europe and elsewhere have contributed to this all-in-one reference work, highlighting the relevance of interdisciplinary and international perspectives, while at the same time representing the scope and quality of sociology in its current form. |
Resilient Cybersecurity for Devices & Data | Absolute Security
Explora nuestros casos de uso y descubre cómo maximizar el retorno de tu inversión en tecnología con Absolute.
Absolute for IT Asset Management - Solution Sheet | Absolute …
Remote workforces and BYOD programs have added layers of complexity to IT asset management. Use Absolute to prove compliance, reduce asset losses, and drive efficiencies.
Technical Support | Absolute Security
Looking for answers? You've found them. Absolute provides global telephone support in multiple languages so you get the information you need quickly. We also provide a customer console …
Absolute Resilience for Automation | Absolute Security
Absolute Resilience for Automation is the highest product edition in the Absolute Secure Endpoint product portfolio, offering automated remediation of operating system, software and security …
About Us | Absolute Security
Learn more about how Absolute has helped bring device protection to Information Technology and Security teams for over 25 years and how they are on the forefront of Endpoint Resilience …
Customer & Partner Login | Absolute Security
If you're an Absolute customer, log in to the Absolute console. If you're an Absolute partner, log in to our Partner Portal.
Windows and macOS Client Files - Secure Access - Absolute
Download the Absolute Secure Access clients. Select the device platform version you are running to download the Secure Access Agent for your device. Secure Access Client for Windows 10 …
Absolute Secure Access 13.54 - Rollback
Jun 2, 2025 · On each server that need the warehouse, Add/remove programs -> Absolute Secure Access -> Change -> Add the warehouse component to the other servers; Uninstall …
Find a Partner | Absolute
Join Absolute’s global network and deliver trusted cyber resilience solutions to your customers.
Absolute Security Appoints Harold Rivas Chief Information …
Mar 12, 2025 · Harold Rivas is Absolute Security's new Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). With more than two decades of experience and proven leadership in the cybersecurity …
Resilient Cybersecurity for Devices & Data | Absolute Security
Explora nuestros casos de uso y descubre cómo maximizar el retorno de tu inversión en tecnología con Absolute.
Absolute for IT Asset Management - Solution Sheet | Absolute …
Remote workforces and BYOD programs have added layers of complexity to IT asset management. Use Absolute to prove compliance, reduce asset losses, and drive efficiencies.
Technical Support | Absolute Security
Looking for answers? You've found them. Absolute provides global telephone support in multiple languages so you get the information you need quickly. We also provide a customer console …
Absolute Resilience for Automation | Absolute Security
Absolute Resilience for Automation is the highest product edition in the Absolute Secure Endpoint product portfolio, offering automated remediation of operating system, software and security …
About Us | Absolute Security
Learn more about how Absolute has helped bring device protection to Information Technology and Security teams for over 25 years and how they are on the forefront of Endpoint Resilience …
Customer & Partner Login | Absolute Security
If you're an Absolute customer, log in to the Absolute console. If you're an Absolute partner, log in to our Partner Portal.
Windows and macOS Client Files - Secure Access - Absolute
Download the Absolute Secure Access clients. Select the device platform version you are running to download the Secure Access Agent for your device. Secure Access Client for Windows 10 …
Absolute Secure Access 13.54 - Rollback
Jun 2, 2025 · On each server that need the warehouse, Add/remove programs -> Absolute Secure Access -> Change -> Add the warehouse component to the other servers; Uninstall …
Find a Partner | Absolute
Join Absolute’s global network and deliver trusted cyber resilience solutions to your customers.
Absolute Security Appoints Harold Rivas Chief Information …
Mar 12, 2025 · Harold Rivas is Absolute Security's new Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). With more than two decades of experience and proven leadership in the cybersecurity …
