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Absorption in Chemical Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, PhD, Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), with over 20 years of experience in process design, specifically focusing on gas absorption and separation technologies. Her research has been widely published in leading chemical engineering journals and she holds several patents related to novel absorption column designs.
Publisher: Wiley-VCH, a leading publisher of scientific, technical, and medical journals and books, known for its rigorous peer-review process ensuring high-quality and reliable content in the field of chemical engineering.
Editor: Dr. James Chen, PhD, a seasoned editor with 15 years of experience at Wiley-VCH, specializing in process engineering and separation technology. He has overseen the publication of numerous articles and books directly related to absorption in chemical engineering, providing a wealth of expertise in ensuring the accuracy and clarity of published works.
Abstract: This report provides a comprehensive overview of absorption in chemical engineering, a crucial separation process used extensively across various industries. We explore the fundamental principles, design considerations, and applications of absorption, backed by relevant data and research findings. The report delves into different types of absorbers, modelling techniques, and optimization strategies, highlighting recent advancements and future trends in this critical area of chemical engineering.
1. Introduction to Absorption in Chemical Engineering
Absorption in chemical engineering is a mass transfer operation where a component (solute) from a gas mixture is transferred into a liquid solvent. This process is widely employed in various industries for gas purification, recovery of valuable components, and environmental protection. The driving force for absorption is the difference in partial pressure of the solute in the gas phase and its concentration in the liquid phase. Understanding and optimizing absorption processes is crucial for efficient and cost-effective operation in chemical plants.
2. Types of Absorbers Used in Chemical Engineering
Several types of absorbers are utilized in chemical engineering, each with its own design and operational characteristics:
Packed Columns: These are widely used due to their high surface area for mass transfer and relatively low pressure drop. Research by Kister (2010) indicates that packing selection significantly influences the column's performance, affecting both the mass transfer efficiency and pressure drop.
Plate Columns (Tray Columns): These offer better liquid distribution and higher mass transfer efficiency compared to packed columns, but with a higher pressure drop. Numerous studies (e.g., Lockett & Safe, 1991) have analyzed the hydraulic and mass transfer characteristics of different tray designs.
Spray Columns: These are simple and cost-effective but have lower efficiency due to poor liquid distribution and limited contact area. Their application is often limited to processes with low mass transfer requirements.
Rotating Packed Beds: These relatively new designs offer enhanced mass transfer due to the combined effects of packing and rotation, resulting in higher efficiency and lower pressure drop compared to traditional packed columns. Recent research highlights the superior performance of these systems for various absorption processes.
3. Design Considerations for Absorption in Chemical Engineering
The design of an absorption system involves several crucial considerations:
Solvent Selection: The choice of solvent depends on its selectivity, solubility for the solute, volatility, toxicity, cost, and environmental impact. Studies have shown that the solvent's physical properties significantly impact the absorption efficiency (e.g., Seader & Henley, 2006).
Column Diameter and Height: These are determined based on the required gas and liquid flow rates, mass transfer coefficients, and desired efficiency. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are increasingly used to optimize column design (e.g., Brunner et al., 2019).
Packing or Tray Selection: The type and size of packing or trays significantly affect the pressure drop and mass transfer efficiency. Numerous correlations and experimental data are available to guide the selection process.
Operating Conditions: Temperature and pressure play critical roles in absorption. Lower temperatures generally favor absorption, while pressure influences the equilibrium solubility of the gas.
4. Modelling and Simulation of Absorption Processes
Accurate modelling and simulation are essential for designing and optimizing absorption columns. Various models, ranging from simple equilibrium-stage models to complex CFD simulations, are employed:
Equilibrium-Stage Models: These models assume equilibrium at each stage and are relatively simple to use. However, they may not accurately represent real-world systems.
Rate-Based Models: These models consider the mass transfer rate and are more accurate than equilibrium-stage models, especially for complex systems. Sophisticated software packages are commonly used for solving these models.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulations: These provide detailed insights into the flow patterns and mass transfer within the absorber, allowing for better optimization of design parameters.
5. Applications of Absorption in Chemical Engineering
Absorption in chemical engineering finds extensive applications in a wide range of industries:
Acid Gas Removal: Removing CO2 and H2S from natural gas and other process streams is a major application. Amines such as MEA and DEA are commonly used solvents. Research continues to focus on developing more efficient and environmentally friendly solvents.
VOC Recovery and Purification: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be recovered from exhaust streams using absorption, preventing environmental pollution and recovering valuable materials.
Air Purification: Removing pollutants such as SO2 and NOx from flue gases is crucial for environmental protection.
Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Industries: Absorption is used in various processes, including the purification of gases used in manufacturing and the recovery of valuable products.
6. Advancements and Future Trends in Absorption Technology
Recent advancements in absorption technology include:
Development of novel solvents: Research focuses on developing solvents with improved selectivity, capacity, and environmental friendliness. Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are showing promising results.
Membrane-based absorption: Combining absorption with membrane separation can significantly enhance efficiency and selectivity.
Process intensification techniques: Microchannel reactors and other innovative designs offer improved mass transfer and reduced energy consumption.
7. Conclusion
Absorption in chemical engineering is a vital separation process with wide-ranging applications. Understanding the fundamental principles, design considerations, and modelling techniques is crucial for optimizing the performance of absorption systems. Continuous advancements in solvent technology, process intensification, and modelling capabilities are paving the way for more efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective absorption processes in the future. Further research into novel solvents and advanced process design is essential for addressing the growing demand for gas purification and recovery across various industries.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the difference between absorption and adsorption? Absorption involves the uptake of a substance into the bulk of a liquid, while adsorption involves the uptake of a substance onto the surface of a solid.
2. What are some common solvents used in absorption? Common solvents include water, amines (e.g., MEA, DEA), and various organic solvents.
3. How is the efficiency of an absorption column determined? Efficiency is typically measured by the number of theoretical stages or the height of a transfer unit (HTU).
4. What are the factors influencing the choice of an absorber type? Factors include gas and liquid flow rates, pressure drop requirements, mass transfer efficiency, and cost.
5. What are some challenges in designing and operating absorption columns? Challenges include solvent degradation, foaming, corrosion, and ensuring proper liquid distribution.
6. How can absorption be made more environmentally friendly? Using greener solvents, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing waste generation are crucial steps towards environmental sustainability.
7. What is the role of modelling and simulation in absorption design? Modelling allows for predicting column performance, optimizing design parameters, and reducing the need for extensive experimental work.
8. What are some future research areas in absorption technology? Future research involves developing novel solvents, integrating absorption with other separation technologies, and applying process intensification techniques.
9. How does temperature affect absorption efficiency? Lower temperatures generally improve absorption efficiency due to higher solubility of gases in liquids.
Related Articles:
1. "Optimization of CO2 Absorption in Aqueous Amine Solutions using Aspen Plus": This article focuses on the simulation and optimization of CO2 absorption using Aspen Plus software, exploring different amine solutions and operating parameters.
2. "Novel Solvent Design for Enhanced CO2 Capture via Absorption": This research paper explores the development and characterization of new solvents for improved CO2 capture efficiency.
3. "Mass Transfer in Packed Absorption Columns: A Review": This review article summarizes the current understanding of mass transfer mechanisms in packed columns and discusses various correlations used for design.
4. "The Effect of Liquid Distribution on the Performance of Packed Absorption Columns": This study investigates the impact of liquid distribution on the efficiency and pressure drop in packed absorption columns.
5. "Modeling and Simulation of Gas Absorption in Rotating Packed Beds": This article presents a detailed model for gas absorption in rotating packed beds and compares its predictions with experimental data.
6. "Membrane-Based Gas Absorption: A Promising Technology for Gas Separation": This paper explores the potential of integrating membranes with absorption processes to enhance separation efficiency.
7. "Process Intensification for Gas Absorption: Microchannel Reactors and Beyond": This review article discusses the application of microchannel reactors and other innovative designs for improving gas absorption.
8. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Absorption Processes in Chemical Industries": This study evaluates the environmental impacts associated with different absorption processes and explores strategies for minimizing their footprint.
9. "Economic Analysis of Different Absorption Technologies for Acid Gas Removal": This article compares the economic viability of various absorption technologies for removing acid gases from industrial streams.
| absorption in chemical engineering: Absorption R. Zarzycki, A. Chacuk, 2013-10-22 This book gives a practical account of the modern theory of calculation of absorbers for binary and multicomponent physical absorption and absorption with simultaneous chemical reaction. The book consists of two parts: the theory of absorption and the calculation of absorbers. Part I covers basic knowledge on diffusion and the theory of mass transfer in binary and multicomponent systems. Significant stress is laid on diffusion theory because this forms the basis for the absorption process. In the next chapters the fundamentals of simultaneous mass transfer and chemical reaction, the theory of the desorption of gases from liquids and the formulation of differential mass balances are discussed. Part II is devoted to the calculation of absorbers and the classification of absorbers. The chapters present calculation methods for the basic types of absorber with a detailed analysis of the calculation methods for packed, plate and bubble columns. The authors illustrate the presented material with a large number of examples, starting with simple ones for binary systems and ending with column calculation for multicomponent systems. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Mass Transfer and Absorbers T. Hobler, 2013-10-22 Mass Transfer and Absorbers deals with absorption and mass transfer processes and the factors to consider in designing absorbers. Calculations are supported by a uniform, generalized process driving force, complying with Maxwell's equation, and the coefficients are made as independent as possible in terms of the kind of diffusion and of the values of the concentrations. This volume is comprised of seven chapters and begins with an overview of the general principles of diffusional mass transfer, absorption and stripping, and equilibrium between gas and liquid phases. Steady-state mass transfer by diffusion is then discussed, along with mass transfer in a single phase (forced flow and unforced flow). Subsequent chapters explore design considerations for mass transfer equipment and related problems; adsorption accompanied by a chemical reaction; and problems relating to hydrodynamics. The final chapter is devoted to some practical issues, including economic flow velocity and mechanical features of packed, plate, and spray tower designs. This book is intended for practicing designers and engineers. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Absorption and Extraction Thomas Kilgore Sherwood, Robert Lamar Pigford, 1952 |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Mass Transfer in Chemical Engineering Processes Jozef Markoš, 2011-11-04 This book offers several solutions or approaches in solving mass transfer problems for different practical chemical engineering applications: measurements of the diffusion coefficients, estimation of the mass transfer coefficients, mass transfer limitation in separation processes like drying, extractions, absorption, membrane processes, mass transfer in the microbial fuel cell design, and problems of the mass transfer coupled with the heterogeneous combustion. I believe this book can provide its readers with interesting ideas and inspirations or direct solutions of their particular problems. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations Nicholas P. Chopey, 1994 A compilation of the calculation procedures needed every day on the job by chemical engineers. Tables of Contents: Physical and Chemical Properties; Stoichiometry; Phase Equilibrium; Chemical-Reaction Equilibrium; Reaction Kinetics and Reactor Design; Flow of Fluids and Solids; Heat Transfer; Distillation; Extraction and Leaching; Crystallization; Filtration; Liquid Agitation; Size Reduction; Drying: Evaporation; Environmental Engineering in the Plant. Illustrations. Index. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Absorption and Extraction Thomas Kilgore Sherwood, 1937 Diffusion. Transfer of material between phases. Principles of the design of absorption equipment. Gas absorption equipment. Simultaneous absorption and chemical reaction. Solvent extraction. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Coulson and Richardson's Chemical Engineering Ajay Kumar Ray, 2022-09-09 Coulson and Richardson's Chemical Engineering: Volume 2B, Separation Processes, Sixth Edition, covers distillation and gas absorption, illustrating applications of the fundamental principles of mass transfer. Several techniques, including adsorption, ion exchange, chromatographic membrane separations and process intensification are comprehensively covered and explored. Presents content converted from textbooks into fully revised reference material Provides content that ranges from foundational to technical Includes new additions, such as emerging applications, numerical methods, and computational tools |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture Athanasios I. Papadopoulos, Panos Seferlis, 2017-05-01 This comprehensive volume brings together an extensive collection of systematic computer-aided tools and methods developed in recent years for CO2 capture applications, and presents a structured and organized account of works from internationally acknowledged scientists and engineers, through: Modeling of materials and processes based on chemical and physical principles Design of materials and processes based on systematic optimization methods Utilization of advanced control and integration methods in process and plant-wide operations The tools and methods described are illustrated through case studies on materials such as solvents, adsorbents, and membranes, and on processes such as absorption / desorption, pressure and vacuum swing adsorption, membranes, oxycombustion, solid looping, etc. Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture: Modelling, Design, Control and Integration should become the essential introductory resource for researchers and industrial practitioners in the field of CO2 capture technology who wish to explore developments in computer-aided tools and methods. In addition, it aims to introduce CO2 capture technologies to process systems engineers working in the development of general computational tools and methods by highlighting opportunities for new developments to address the needs and challenges in CO2 capture technologies. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Gas-liquid Reactions P. V. Danckwerts, 1970 |
| absorption in chemical engineering: The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium Kenneth George Denbigh, 1981-03-26 Sample Text |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Chemical Engineering Volume 2 J H Harker, J R Backhurst, J.F. Richardson, 2013-10-22 Chemical Engineering Volume 2 covers the properties of particulate systems, including the character of individual particles and their behaviour in fluids. Sedimentation of particles, both singly and at high concentrations, flow in packed and fluidised beads and filtration are then examined. The latter part of the book deals with separation processes, such as distillation and gas absorption, which illustrate applications of the fundamental principles of mass transfer introduced in Chemical Engineering Volume 1. In conclusion, several techniques of growing importance - adsorption, ion exchange, chromatographic and membrane separations, and process intensification - are described. - A logical progression of chemical engineering concepts, volume 2 builds on fundamental principles contained in Chemical Engineering volume 1 and these volumes are fully cross-referenced - Reflects the growth in complexity and stature of chemical engineering over the last few years - Supported with further reading at the end of each chapter and graded problems at the end of the book |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, A-Alkanolamines Kirk-Othmer, 1978-01-20 Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology The Third Edition of the Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology is built on the solid foundation of the previous editions. All of the articles have been rewritten and updated and many new subjects have been added to reflect changes in chemical technology through the 1970s. The new edition, however, will be familiar to users of the earlier editions: comprehensive, authoritative, accessible, lucid. The Encyclopedia remains an indispensable information source for all producers and users of chemical products and materials. In the Third Edition emphasis is given to major present-day topics of concern to all chemists, scientists, and engineers—energy, health, safety, toxicology, and new materials. New subjects have been added, especially those related to polymer and plastics technology, fuels and energy, inorganic and solid-state chemistry, composite materials, coating, fermentation and enzymes, pharmaceuticals, surfactant technology, fibers and textiles. New features include the use of SI units as well as English units, Chemical Abstracts Service’s Registry Numbers, and complete indexing based on automated retrieval from a machine-readable composition system. Once again this classic serves as an unrivaled library of information for the chemical and allied industries. Some comments about Kirk-Othmer— The First Edition No reference library worthy of the name will be without this series. It is simply a must for the chemist and chemical engineer… —Chemical and Engineering News The Second Edition A necessity for any technical library. —Choice |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Advanced CO2 Capture Technologies Shin-ichi Nakao, Katsunori Yogo, Kazuya Goto, Teruhiko Kai, Hidetaka Yamada, 2019-05-07 This book summarises the advanced CO2 capture technologies that can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially those from large-scale sources, such as power-generation and steel-making plants. Focusing on the fundamental chemistry and chemical processes, as well as advanced technologies, including absorption and adsorption, it also discusses other aspects of the major CO2 capture methods: membrane separation; the basic chemistry and process for CO2 capture; the development of materials and processes; and practical applications, based on the authors’ R&D experience. This book serves as a valuable reference resource for researchers, teachers and students interested in CO2 problems, providing essential information on how to capture CO2 from various types of gases efficiently. It is also of interest to practitioners and academics, as it discusses the performance of the latest technologies applied in large-scale emission sources. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Separation Technologies for the Industries of the Future Panel on Separation Technology for Industrial Reuse and Recycling, Committee on Industrial Technology Assessments, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Materials Advisory Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council, 1999-01-22 Separation processesor processes that use physical, chemical, or electrical forces to isolate or concentrate selected constituents of a mixtureare essential to the chemical, petroleum refining, and materials processing industries. In this volume, an expert panel reviews the separation process needs of seven industries and identifies technologies that hold promise for meeting these needs, as well as key technologies that could enable separations. In addition, the book recommends criteria for the selection of separations research projects for the Department of Energy's Office of Industrial Technology. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces W. Brutsaert, G.H. Jirka, 1983-12-31 The transfer across the surface of environmental waters is of interest as an important phase in the geophysical and natural biochemical cycles of numer ous substances; indeed it governs the transition, one way or the other, be tween the dissolved state in the water and the gaseous state in the atmo sphere. Especially with increasing population and industrialization, gas transfer at water surfaces has become a critical factor in the understanding of the various pathways of wastes in the environment and of their engineering management. This interfacial mass transfer is, by its very nature, highly complex. The air and the water are usually in turbulent motion, and the interface be tween them is irregular, and disturbed by waves, sometimes accompanied by breaking, spray and bubble formation. Thus the transfer involves a wide variety of physical phenomena occurring over a wide range of scales. As a consequence, scientists and engineers from diverse disciplines and problem areas, have approached the problem, often with greatly differing analytical and experimental techniques and methodologies. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: A Dictionary of Chemical Engineering Carl Schaschke, 2014 This new dictionary provides a quick and authoritative point of reference for chemical engineering, covering areas such as materials, energy balances, reactions, and separations. It also includes relevant terms from the areas of chemistry, physics, mathematics, and biology. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: CO2 Capture by Reactive Absorption-Stripping Claudio Madeddu, Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti, 2018-12-15 This book focuses on modelling issues and their implications for the correct design of reactive absorption–desorption systems. In addition, it addresses the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) post-combustion capture in detail. The book proposes a new perspective on these systems, and provides technological solutions with comparisons to previous treatments of the subject. The model that is proposed is subsequently validated using experimental data. In addition, the book features graphs to guide readers with immediate visualizations of the benefits of the methodology proposed. It shows a systematic procedure for the steady-state model-based design of a CO2 post-combustion capture plant that employs reactive absorption-stripping, using monoethanolamine as the solvent. It also discusses the minimization of energy consumption, both through the modification of the plant flowsheet and the set-up of the operating parameters. The book offers a unique source of information for researchers and practitioners alike, as it also includes an economic analysis of the complete plant. Further, it will be of interest to all academics and students whose work involves reactive absorption-stripping design and the modelling of reactive absorption-stripping systems. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Chemical Engineering Design Gavin Towler, Ray Sinnott, 2012-01-25 Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: - Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. - New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design - Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics - New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes - New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography - Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes - All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information - Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards - Additional worked examples and homework problems - The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection - 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries - A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website - Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Absorption & Stripping P. Chattopadhyay, 2007 Absorption And Stripping Are Essential Two Very Important Unit Operations Frequently Encountered In Both Cpis And Pcis. In Many Plants, Absorption & Stripping Operate In Conjunction With Distillation The Oldest Unit Operation That Emerged From Alchemists Laboratory Centuries Back.Contents: Absorption; Stripping; Hydraulics Of Operation; Design: Basic Concepts; Design: Absorbers & Strippers; Packings; Packed Tower Internals; Typical Absorptions Of Industrial Importance; Revamping Absorbers And Strippers; Cost Estimation Of Absorption Tower; Miscellaneous; Index; Etc. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Gas Treating with Chemical Solvents Giovanni Astarita, David W. Savage, Attilio Bisio, 1983 |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers Carl Branan, 2002 Fractionators, separators and accumulators, cooling towers, gas treating, blending, troubleshooting field cases, gas solubility, and density of irregular solids * Hundreds of common sense techniques, shortcuts, and calculations. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Packed Bed Columns Nikolai Kolev, 2006-08-08 Packed bed columns are largely employed for absorption, desorption, rectification and direct heat transfer processes in chemical and food industry, environmental protection and also processes in thermal power stations like water purification, flue gas heat utilization and SO2 removal. These Separation processes, are estimated to account for 40%-70% of capital and operating costs in process industry. Packed bed columns are widely employed in this area. Their usage also for direct heat transfer between gas and liquid, enlarge their importance. They are the best apparatuses, from thermodynamical point of view, for mass and heat transfer processes between gas and liquid phase. Their wide spreading is due to low capital investments and operating costs. Since 1995 there has not been published a specialised book in this area, and this is a period of quick development of packed columns. Packed Bed Columns reflects the state of this field including the author's experience on creating and investigating of new packings, column internals and industrial columns. - Considers the theories of mass transfer processes and shows how they help the construction of highly effective packings - Complete information about the performance characteristics of different modern types of highly effective packings - Considers the models for calculation and areas of their application |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Integrated Chemical Processes Kai Sundmacher, Achim Kienle, Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern, 2006-03-06 This is the first book dedicated to the entire field of integrated chemical processes, covering process design, analysis, operation and control of these processes. Both the editors and authors are internationally recognized experts from different fields in industry and academia, and their contributions describe all aspects of intelligent integrations of chemical reactions and physical unit operations such as heat exchange, separational operations and mechanical unit operations. As a unique feature, the book also introduces new concepts for treating different integration concepts on a generalized basis. Of great value to a broad audience of researchers and engineers from industry and academia. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Concepts of Chemical Engineering 4 Chemists Stefaan Simons (Editor), 2007 This publication gives chemists an insight into the world of chemical engineering, outlining the basic concepts and explaining the terminology of, and systems approach to, process design. It does not focus on derivation of mathematical formulae, but rather on the governing principles, explaining and demonstrating their use. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: PRINCIPLES OF MASS TRANSFER AND SEPERATION PROCESSES BINAY K. DUTTA, 2007-01-21 This textbook is targetted to undergraduate students in chemical engineering, chemical technology, and biochemical engineering for courses in mass transfer, separation processes, transport processes, and unit operations. The principles of mass transfer, both diffusional and convective have been comprehensively discussed. The application of these principles to separation processes is explained. The more common separation processes used in the chemical industries are individually described in separate chapters. The book also provides a good understanding of the construction, the operating principles, and the selection criteria of separation equipment. Recent developments in equipment have been included as far as possible. The procedure of equipment design and sizing has been illustrated by simple examples. An overview of different applications and aspects of membrane separation has also been provided. ‘Humidification and water cooling’, necessary in every process indus-try, is also described. Finally, elementary principles of ‘unsteady state diffusion’ and mass transfer accompanied by a chemical reaction are covered. SALIENT FEATURES : • A balanced coverage of theoretical principles and applications. • Important recent developments in mass transfer equipment and practice are included. • A large number of solved problems of varying levels of complexities showing the applications of the theory are included. • Many end-chapter exercises. • Chapter-wise multiple choice questions. • An Instructors manual for the teachers. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: A TEXTBOOK OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS K. V. NARAYANAN, 2013-01-11 Designed as an undergraduate-level textbook in Chemical Engineering, this student-friendly, thoroughly class-room tested book, now in its second edition, continues to provide an in-depth analysis of chemical engineering thermodynamics. The book has been so organized that it gives comprehensive coverage of basic concepts and applications of the laws of thermodynamics in the initial chapters, while the later chapters focus at length on important areas of study falling under the realm of chemical thermodynamics. The reader is thus introduced to a thorough analysis of the fundamental laws of thermodynamics as well as their applications to practical situations. This is followed by a detailed discussion on relationships among thermodynamic properties and an exhaustive treatment on the thermodynamic properties of solutions. The role of phase equilibrium thermodynamics in design, analysis, and operation of chemical separation methods is also deftly dealt with. Finally, the chemical reaction equilibria are skillfully explained. Besides numerous illustrations, the book contains over 200 worked examples, over 400 exercise problems (all with answers) and several objective-type questions, which enable students to gain an in-depth understanding of the concepts and theory discussed. The book will also be a useful text for students pursuing courses in chemical engineering-related branches such as polymer engineering, petroleum engineering, and safety and environmental engineering. New to This Edition • More Example Problems and Exercise Questions in each chapter • Updated section on Vapour–Liquid Equilibrium in Chapter 8 to highlight the significance of equations of state approach • GATE Questions up to 2012 with answers |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers Stephen Hall, Stephen M Hall, 2012-06-18 Annotation A handbook for chemical and process engineers who need a solution to their practical on-the-job problems. It solves process design problems quickly, accurately and safely, with hundreds of techniques, shortcuts and calculations. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes Ralph T. Yang, 2013-10-22 Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes provides a thorough discussion of the advancement in gas adsorption process. The book is comprised of eight chapters that emphasize the fundamentals concept and principles. The text first covers the adsorbents and adsorption isotherms, and then proceeds to detailing the equilibrium adsorption of gas mixtures. Next, the book covers rate processes in adsorbers and adsorber dynamics. The next chapter discusses cyclic gas separation processes, and the remaining two chapters cover pressure-swing adsorption. The book will be of great use to students, researchers, and practitioners of disciplines that involve gas separation processes, such as chemical engineering. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Albright's Chemical Engineering Handbook Lyle Albright, 2008-11-20 Taking greater advantage of powerful computing capabilities over the last several years, the development of fundamental information and new models has led to major advances in nearly every aspect of chemical engineering. Albright’s Chemical Engineering Handbook represents a reliable source of updated methods, applications, and fundamental concepts that will continue to play a significant role in driving new research and improving plant design and operations. Well-rounded, concise, and practical by design, this handbook collects valuable insight from an exceptional diversity of leaders in their respective specialties. Each chapter provides a clear review of basic information, case examples, and references to additional, more in-depth information. They explain essential principles, calculations, and issues relating to topics including reaction engineering, process control and design, waste disposal, and electrochemical and biochemical engineering. The final chapters cover aspects of patents and intellectual property, practical communication, and ethical considerations that are most relevant to engineers. From fundamentals to plant operations, Albright’s Chemical Engineering Handbook offers a thorough, yet succinct guide to day-to-day methods and calculations used in chemical engineering applications. This handbook will serve the needs of practicing professionals as well as students preparing to enter the field. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Preliminary Chemical Engineering Plant Design W.D. Baasal, 1989-11-30 This reference covers both conventional and advanced methods for automatically controlling dynamic industrial processes. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Differential Evolution In Chemical Engineering: Developments And Applications Gade Pandu Rangaiah, Shivom Sharma, 2017-05-29 Optimization plays a key role in the design, planning and operation of chemical and related processes for several decades. Techniques for solving optimization problems are of deterministic or stochastic type. Of these, stochastic techniques can solve any type of optimization problems and can be adapted for multiple objectives. Differential evolution (DE), proposed about two decades ago, is one of the stochastic techniques. Its algorithm is simple to understand and use. DE has found many applications in chemical engineering.This unique compendium focuses on DE, its recent developments and applications in chemical engineering. It will cover both single and multi-objective optimization. The book contains a number of chapters from experienced editors, and also several chapters from active researchers in this area. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Understanding Drug Release and Absorption Mechanisms Mario Grassi, Gabriele Grassi, Romano Lapasin, Italo Colombo, 2006-12-26 Demand for better reliability from drug delivery systems has caused designers and researchers to move away from trial-and-error approaches and toward model-based methods of product development. Developing such models requires cross-disciplinary physical, mathematical, and physiological knowledge. Combining these areas under a single cover, Under |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers Stephen M Hall, 2011-03-31 This new edition of the most complete handbook for chemical and process engineers incorporates the latest information for engineers and practitioners who depend on it as a working tool. New material explores the recent trends and updates of gas treating and fractionator computer solutions analysis. Substantial additions to this edition include a new section on gasification that reflects the many new trends and techniques in the field and a treatment on compressible fluid flow.This convenient volume provides engineers with hundreds of common sense techniques, shortcuts, and calculations to quickly and accurately solve day-to-day design, operations, and equipment problems. Here, in a compact, easy-to-use format, are practical tips, handy formulas, correlations, curves, charts, tables, and shortcut methods that will save engineers valuable time and effort. - The standard handbook for chemical and process engineers - All new material on pinch point analysis on networks of heat exchangers and updates on gas treating in process design and heat transfer - Hundreds of common sense techniques and calculations |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Concepts of Chemical Engineering for Chemists Stefaan Simons, 2019-03-15 Based on a former popular course of the same title, Concepts of Chemical Engineering for Chemists outlines the basic aspects of chemical engineering for chemistry professionals. It clarifies the terminology used and explains the systems methodology approach to process design and operation for chemists with limited chemical engineering knowledge. The book provides practical insights into all areas of chemical engineering with well explained worked examples and case studies. The new edition contains a revised chapter on Process Analysis and two new chapters Process and Personal Safety and Systems Integration and Experimental Design, the latter drawing together material covered in the previous chapters so that readers can design and test their own pilot process systems. This book is a guide for chemists (and other scientists) who either work alongside chemical engineers or who are undertaking chemical engineering-type projects and who wish to communicate with their colleagues and understand chemical engineering principles. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Absorption-Based Post-Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide Paul Feron, 2016-05-27 Absorption-Based Post-Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the use of absorbents for post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide. As fossil fuel-based power generation technologies are likely to remain key in the future, at least in the short- and medium-term, carbon capture and storage will be a critical greenhouse gas reduction technique. Post-combustion capture involves the removal of carbon dioxide from flue gases after fuel combustion, meaning that carbon dioxide can then be compressed and cooled to form a safely transportable liquid that can be stored underground. - Provides researchers in academia and industry with an authoritative overview of the amine-based methods for carbon dioxide capture from flue gases and related processes - Editors and contributors are well known experts in the field - Presents the first book on this specific topic |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Separation Process Essentials Alan M. Lane, 2019-11-07 Separation Process Essentials provides an interactive approach for students to learn the main separation processes (distillation, absorption, stripping, and solvent extraction) using material and energy balances with equilibrium relationships, while referring readers to other more complete works when needed. Membrane separations are included as an example of non-equilibrium processes. This book reviews and builds on material learned in the first chemical engineering courses such as Material and Energy Balances and Thermodynamics as applied to separations. It relies heavily on example problems, including completely worked and explained problems followed by Try This At Home guided examples. Most examples have accompanying downloadable Excel spreadsheet simulations. The book also offers a complementary website, http://separationsbook.com, with supplementary material such as links to YouTube tutorials, practice problems, and the Excel simulations. This book is aimed at second and third year undergraduate students in Chemical engineering, as well as professionals in the field of Chemical engineering, and can be used for a one semester course in separation processes and unit operations. |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading Nabin Aryal, Lars Ditlev Morck Ottosen, Michael Vedel Wegener Kofoed, Deepak Pant, 2021-03-31 Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading systematically summarizes the fundamental principles and the state-of-the-art of biogas cleaning and upgrading technologies, with special emphasis on biological processes for carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), siloxane, and hydrocarbon removal. After analyzing the global scenario of biogas production, upgrading and utilization, this book discusses the integration of methanation processes to power-to-gas systems for methane (CH4) production and physiochemical upgrading technologies, such as chemical absorption, water scrubbing, pressure swing adsorption and the use of membranes. It then explores more recent and sustainable upgrading technologies, such as photosynthetic processes using algae, hydrogen-mediated microbial techniques, electrochemical, bioelectrochemical, and cryogenic approaches. H2S removal with biofilters is also covered, as well as removal of siloxanes through polymerization, peroxidation, biological degradation and gas-liquid absorption. The authors also thoroughly consider issues of mass transfer limitation in biomethanation from waste gas, biogas upgrading and life cycle assessment of upgrading technologies, techno-economic aspects, challenges for upscaling, and future trends.Providing specific information on biogas upgrading technology, and focusing on the most recent developments, Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading is a unique resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the field of biogas production and utilization, including waste-to-energy and power-to-gas. It is also useful for entrepreneurs, consultants, and decision-makers in governmental agencies in the fields of sustainable energy, environmental protection, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and strategic planning. - Explores all major technologies for biogas upgrading through physiochemical, biological, and electrochemical processes - Discusses CO2, H2S, and siloxane removal techniques - Provides a systematical approach to discuss technologies, including challenges to gas–liquid mass transfer, life cycle assessment, technoeconomic implications, upscaling and systems integration |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Energy Absorption of Structures and Materials G Lu, T X Yu, 2003-10-31 This important study focuses on the way in which structures and materials can be best designed to absorb kinetic energy in a controllable and predictable manner. Understanding of energy absorption of structures and materials is important in calculating the damage to structures caused by accidental collision, assessing the residual strength of structures after initial damage and in designing packaging to protect its contents in the event of impact. Whilst a great deal of recent research has taken place into the energy absorption behaviour of structures and materials and significant progress has been made, this knowledge is diffuse and widely scattered. This book offers a synthesis of the most recent developments and forms a detailed and comprehensive view of the area. It is an essential reference for all engineers concerned with materials engineering in relation to the theory of plasticity, structural mechanics and impact dynamics. - Important new study of energy absorption of engineering structures and materials - Shows how they can be designed to withstand sudden loading in a safe, controllable and predictable way - Illuminating case studies back up the theoretical analysis |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction Giovanni Astarita, 1967 |
| absorption in chemical engineering: Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer K. S. Raju, 2011-04-20 This broad-based book covers the three major areas of Chemical Engineering. Most of the books in the market involve one of the individual areas, namely, Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer or Mass Transfer, rather than all the three. This book presents this material in a single source. This avoids the user having to refer to a number of books to obtain information. Most published books covering all the three areas in a single source emphasize theory rather than practical issues. This book is written with emphasis on practice with brief theoretical concepts in the form of questions and answers, not adopting stereo-typed question-answer approach practiced in certain books in the market, bridging the two areas of theory and practice with respect to the core areas of chemical engineering. Most parts of the book are easily understandable by those who are not experts in the field. Fluid Mechanics chapters include basics on non-Newtonian systems which, for instance find importance in polymer and food processing, flow through piping, flow measurement, pumps, mixing technology and fluidization and two phase flow. For example it covers types of pumps and valves, membranes and areas of their use, different equipment commonly used in chemical industry and their merits and drawbacks. Heat Transfer chapters cover the basics involved in conduction, convection and radiation, with emphasis on insulation, heat exchangers, evaporators, condensers, reboilers and fired heaters. Design methods, performance, operational issues and maintenance problems are highlighted. Topics such as heat pipes, heat pumps, heat tracing, steam traps, refrigeration, cooling of electronic devices, NOx control find place in the book. Mass transfer chapters cover basics such as diffusion, theories, analogies, mass transfer coefficients and mass transfer with chemical reaction, equipment such as tray and packed columns, column internals including structural packings, design, operational and installation issues, drums and separators are discussed in good detail. Absorption, distillation, extraction and leaching with applications and design methods, including emerging practices involving Divided Wall and Petluk column arrangements, multicomponent separations, supercritical solvent extraction find place in the book. |
Absorption (chemistry) - Wikipedia
Absorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules or ions enter the liquid or solid …
ABSORPTION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ABSORPTION is the process of absorbing something or of being absorbed. How to use absorption in a …
Adsorption vs Absorption - Differences and Examples - Scien…
Jul 15, 2021 · Adsorption and absorption are two sorption processes through which one substance attaches to another. The main …
Absorption | Definition, Coefficient, & Facts | Britannica
Absorption, in wave motion, the transfer of the energy of a wave to matter as the wave passes through it. The energy of an …
Absorption - Definition and Examples - Biology Online Dictiona…
Absorption is a physiological mechanism by which simpler forms of molecules (both macromolecules and micromolecules) are …
Absorption (chemistry) - Wikipedia
Absorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules or ions enter the liquid or solid …
ABSORPTION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ABSORPTION is the process of absorbing something or of being absorbed. How to use absorption in a …
Adsorption vs Absorption - Differences and Examples - Scien…
Jul 15, 2021 · Adsorption and absorption are two sorption processes through which one substance attaches to another. The main …
Absorption | Definition, Coefficient, & Facts | Britannica
Absorption, in wave motion, the transfer of the energy of a wave to matter as the wave passes through it. The energy of an …
Absorption - Definition and Examples - Biology Online Dictiona…
Absorption is a physiological mechanism by which simpler forms of molecules (both macromolecules and micromolecules) are …
