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Advanced Experimental Medical Biology: A Comprehensive Overview
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD, Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Director of the Center for Advanced Biomaterials at Stanford University. Dr. Reed has over 20 years of experience in experimental medical biology, with a focus on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. She is a highly cited researcher and recipient of numerous awards for her contributions to the field of adv exp med biology.
Publisher: Elsevier, a leading publisher of scientific, technical, and medical information. Elsevier’s reputation for rigorous peer-review processes and high-quality publications makes it a trusted source for information on adv exp med biology and related fields.
Editor: Dr. Anya Sharma, MD, PhD, a renowned expert in translational medicine and biomedical research. Dr. Sharma's extensive experience in guiding and shaping research publications in adv exp med biology ensures a high standard of quality and scientific rigor.
Keywords: adv exp med biology, experimental medicine, biomedical research, translational medicine, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, advanced techniques, biotechnology, drug discovery, clinical trials.
Introduction to Advanced Experimental Medical Biology (adv exp med biology)
Advanced experimental medical biology (adv exp med biology) represents the forefront of biomedical research, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of biological processes and translating that knowledge into innovative therapies and diagnostic tools. It encompasses a vast range of disciplines, including molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, immunology, pharmacology, and physiology, all integrated to address complex medical challenges. This field relies heavily on cutting-edge technologies and sophisticated experimental designs to investigate disease mechanisms, develop new treatments, and improve human health. The study of adv exp med biology is crucial for advancements across various sectors, including drug discovery, diagnostics, and therapeutic development.
Core Areas within adv exp med biology
1. Molecular and Cellular Biology: This foundational area of adv exp med biology delves into the intricate mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels. Researchers utilize techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, advanced microscopy (confocal, super-resolution), and proteomics to understand how genes, proteins, and cellular processes contribute to health and disease. This understanding is pivotal in developing targeted therapies for various diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders.
2. Immunology and Immunotherapy: The immune system is a complex network vital to human health. Adv exp med biology contributes significantly to understanding immune responses, immune dysregulation in disease (like autoimmunity and cancer), and developing innovative immunotherapies. This includes exploring CAR T-cell therapy, checkpoint inhibitors, and other approaches to harness the power of the immune system to fight disease. Research within this area of adv exp med biology is constantly evolving, with new approaches and techniques continually emerging.
3. Genetics and Genomics: The field of genetics has revolutionized our understanding of disease, with genomics playing a vital role in identifying genetic predispositions and vulnerabilities. Adv exp med biology incorporates advanced genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, and gene editing technologies to identify disease-causing genes and develop personalized medicine approaches tailored to an individual's genetic makeup.
4. Drug Discovery and Development: This area focuses on identifying and developing novel therapeutic agents. Adv exp med biology employs high-throughput screening, computational modeling, and advanced drug delivery systems to accelerate the drug discovery process, leading to the development of more effective and safer medications. The field prioritizes moving promising candidates from the laboratory into clinical trials, ultimately benefiting patients.
5. Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: A rapidly growing area of adv exp med biology, regenerative medicine aims to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs. Tissue engineering leverages advanced biomaterials, stem cells, and growth factors to create functional tissues for transplantation. This holds immense promise for treating conditions like heart failure, spinal cord injuries, and organ failure. Research in adv exp med biology related to 3D bioprinting and biomaterials is continuously enhancing the capabilities in this field.
6. Bioimaging and Advanced Microscopy: Visualizing biological processes at various scales is critical in adv exp med biology. Advanced microscopy techniques, including confocal microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and in vivo imaging, provide detailed insights into cellular structure, function, and interactions. These imaging techniques are crucial for understanding disease mechanisms, monitoring treatment efficacy, and guiding surgical procedures.
7. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: The vast amounts of data generated in adv exp med biology necessitate sophisticated computational tools. Bioinformatics and computational biology play an essential role in analyzing genomic data, predicting protein structures, and modeling complex biological systems. These techniques are crucial for accelerating discoveries and translating research findings into clinical applications.
Ethical Considerations in adv exp med biology
The advancements in adv exp med biology raise significant ethical considerations. The use of gene editing technologies, for example, necessitates careful ethical review and guidelines to prevent unintended consequences. The development of personalized medicine also raises concerns about data privacy and equity of access. Researchers and policymakers must actively address these ethical challenges to ensure the responsible and beneficial application of these powerful technologies.
The Future of adv exp med biology
The future of adv exp med biology looks incredibly promising. Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and nanotechnology, are poised to further revolutionize the field. AI can accelerate drug discovery, analyze complex biological data, and personalize treatment strategies. Nanotechnology offers the potential for targeted drug delivery and advanced diagnostic tools. The integration of these technologies promises to lead to more effective and personalized therapies, improved diagnostics, and a deeper understanding of human biology. The ongoing development and refinement of adv exp med biology techniques will undoubtedly continue to benefit patients worldwide.
Conclusion
Advanced experimental medical biology (adv exp med biology) represents a dynamic and rapidly evolving field at the forefront of biomedical innovation. Through the integration of diverse disciplines and cutting-edge technologies, adv exp med biology is transforming our understanding of disease and paving the way for innovative therapies and diagnostic tools. Continued investment in research and ethical considerations will be crucial for maximizing the benefits of this rapidly advancing field and ensuring its responsible development for the betterment of human health.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between experimental medicine and clinical medicine? Experimental medicine focuses on research and the development of new therapies, while clinical medicine applies established treatments to patients.
2. What are some examples of advanced techniques used in adv exp med biology? CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, advanced microscopy (confocal, super-resolution), high-throughput screening, genomic sequencing, and bioinformatics are examples.
3. How does adv exp med biology contribute to personalized medicine? By analyzing an individual's genetic makeup and other biological factors, adv exp med biology enables the development of treatments tailored to their specific needs.
4. What are the ethical considerations of using gene editing technologies in adv exp med biology? Concerns include the potential for unintended consequences, germline editing, and equitable access to these technologies.
5. What is the role of bioinformatics in adv exp med biology? Bioinformatics analyzes large datasets generated by experiments, providing insights into biological processes and facilitating drug discovery.
6. How does adv exp med biology contribute to regenerative medicine? It provides the tools and techniques needed to develop biomaterials, grow tissues, and repair damaged organs.
7. What is the role of animal models in adv exp med biology? Animal models allow researchers to test new therapies and study disease mechanisms before moving to human trials.
8. How does adv exp med biology contribute to drug discovery and development? It provides the tools and techniques for identifying drug targets, testing candidate drugs, and optimizing drug delivery systems.
9. What is the importance of clinical trials in adv exp med biology? Clinical trials are essential for evaluating the safety and efficacy of new therapies before they can be used in patients.
Related Articles:
1. CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing in Cancer Therapy: This article explores the application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for targeting cancer cells and developing novel cancer treatments.
2. Advanced Microscopy Techniques in Cellular Biology: A review of advanced microscopy techniques used to visualize cellular structures and processes, enhancing our understanding of disease mechanisms.
3. High-Throughput Screening for Drug Discovery: This article delves into the methods and applications of high-throughput screening in accelerating the drug discovery process.
4. The Role of Bioinformatics in Genomic Medicine: A discussion on the crucial role of bioinformatics in analyzing genomic data to identify disease-causing mutations and develop personalized medicine approaches.
5. Regenerative Medicine: Advances in Tissue Engineering: This article focuses on the progress made in tissue engineering, including 3D bioprinting and the development of biocompatible materials.
6. Immunotherapy: Harnessing the Power of the Immune System: A comprehensive overview of immunotherapy techniques and their applications in treating various diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.
7. Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery: This article explores the use of nanotechnology to develop targeted drug delivery systems, improving treatment efficacy and reducing side effects.
8. Ethical Considerations in Gene Editing: A detailed analysis of the ethical implications surrounding the use of gene editing technologies, highlighting the need for responsible innovation.
9. The Future of Personalized Medicine: This article discusses the potential of personalized medicine driven by advances in genomics, proteomics, and other "omics" technologies.
| adv exp med biology: Mast Cell Biology Alasdair M. Gilfillan, Dean Metcalfe, 2011-06-28 The editors of Mast Cell Biology, Drs. Gilfillan and Metcalfe, have enlisted an outstanding group of investigators to discuss the emerging concepts in mast cell biology with respect to development of these cells, their homeostasis, their activation, as well as their roles in maintaining health on the one hand and on the other, their participation in disease. |
| adv exp med biology: Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance Aamir Ahmad, 2019-08-27 Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Experts also discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease. |
| adv exp med biology: Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19 Nima Rezaei, 2021-05-10 In December 2019, the world witnessed the occurrence of a new coronavirus to humanity. The disease spread quickly and became known as a pandemic globally, affecting both society and the health care system, both the elderly and young groups of people, and both the men’s and women’s groups. It was a universal challenge that immediately caused a surge in scientific research. Be a part of a world rising in fighting against the pandemic, the Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19 was depicted in the early days of the pandemic, but updated by more than 200 scientists and clinicians to include many facets of this new infectious pandemic, including i, characteristics, ecology, and evolution of coronaviruses; ii, epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis (immune responses and oxidative stress) of the disease; iii, diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical manifestations of the disease in pediatrics, geriatrics, pregnant women, and neonates; iv, challenges of co-occurring the disease with tropical infections, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and cancer and to the settings of dentistry, hematology, ophthalmology, and pharmacy; v, transmission, prevention, and potential treatments, ranging from supportive ventilator support and nutrition therapy to potential virus- and host-based therapies, immune-based therapies, photobiomodulation, antiviral photodynamic therapy, and vaccines; vi, the resulting consequences on social lives, mental health, education, tourism industry and economy; and vii, multimodal approaches to solve the problem by bioinformatic methods, innovation and ingenuity, globalization, social and scientific networking, interdisciplinary approaches, and art integration. We are approaching December 2020 and the still presence of COVID-19, asking us to call it COVID (without 19). |
| adv exp med biology: Experimental Design for Biologists David J. Glass, 2007 The effective design of scientific experiments is critical to success, yet graduate students receive very little formal training in how to do it. Based on a well-received course taught by the author, Experimental Design for Biologistsfills this gap. Experimental Design for Biologistsexplains how to establish the framework for an experimental project, how to set up a system, design experiments within that system, and how to determine and use the correct set of controls. Separate chapters are devoted to negative controls, positive controls, and other categories of controls that are perhaps less recognized, such as “assumption controls†and “experimentalist controls†. Furthermore, there are sections on establishing the experimental system, which include performing critical “system controls†. Should all experimental plans be hypothesis-driven? Is a question/answer approach more appropriate? What was the hypothesis behind the Human Genome Project? What color is the sky? How does one get to Carnegie Hall? The answers to these kinds of questions can be found in Experimental Design for Biologists. Written in an engaging manner, the book provides compelling lessons in framing an experimental question, establishing a validated system to answer the question, and deriving verifiable models from experimental data. Experimental Design for Biologistsis an essential source of theory and practical guidance in designing a research plan. |
| adv exp med biology: An Introduction to Markov State Models and Their Application to Long Timescale Molecular Simulation Gregory R. Bowman, Vijay S. Pande, Frank Noé, 2013-12-02 The aim of this book volume is to explain the importance of Markov state models to molecular simulation, how they work, and how they can be applied to a range of problems. The Markov state model (MSM) approach aims to address two key challenges of molecular simulation: 1) How to reach long timescales using short simulations of detailed molecular models. 2) How to systematically gain insight from the resulting sea of data. MSMs do this by providing a compact representation of the vast conformational space available to biomolecules by decomposing it into states sets of rapidly interconverting conformations and the rates of transitioning between states. This kinetic definition allows one to easily vary the temporal and spatial resolution of an MSM from high-resolution models capable of quantitative agreement with (or prediction of) experiment to low-resolution models that facilitate understanding. Additionally, MSMs facilitate the calculation of quantities that are difficult to obtain from more direct MD analyses, such as the ensemble of transition pathways. This book introduces the mathematical foundations of Markov models, how they can be used to analyze simulations and drive efficient simulations, and some of the insights these models have yielded in a variety of applications of molecular simulation. |
| adv exp med biology: Cytokine Storm Syndrome Randy Q. Cron, |
| adv exp med biology: Frontotemporal Dementias Bernardino Ghetti, Emanuele Buratti, Bradley Boeve, Rosa Rademakers, 2021-01-12 Under the name of Frontotemporal Dementias (FTD) numerous hereditary and sporadic disorders are listed. FTD may take away speech and language, social skills and ethical judgement, wishes and will, empathy and emotions; it may also impair motor functions. FTD may affect men and women in midlife or during old age leading to the demolition of the uniqueness of the human mind. In the last decade of the 20th century and in the first two decades of the 21st century, progress in the understanding of clinical, neuropathological, biochemical, and genetic aspects of FTD has accelerated. The novel awareness about FTD has directed young generations of researchers toward the study of this complex group of disorders. This Volume has been formulated with the participation of some of the leading scientists who have contributed to the development of knowledge in the clinical and basic science arenas. It captures the current central elements that are relevant to an up-to-date understanding of causes and pathogenesis of multiple forms of FTD. The volume is an opus that represents a distillation of the work of many scientists and addresses the current directions in the study of one of the most complex groups of diseases. In view of its structure, the book could also be used as a textbook, that offers both a broad and deep analysis of major areas in FTD. This book, planned by the International Society for Frontotemporal Dementias, is distinctive as it opens a window to a wide landscape about the biology of FTD. Thus, the book represents a moment of reflection on the present state of our knowledge of FTD and a collective vision toward scientific progress. The authors of each chapter share their knowledge and vision aimed at reducing the suffering which is caused by FTD. |
| adv exp med biology: The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease Bharat B. Aggarwal, Young-Joon Surh, S. Shishodia, 2007-08-06 The medicinal uses of Curcumin (also called turmeric) have been known and described for more than 5000 years. A large body of recent research suggests that curcumin is potentially useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, through modulation of numerous molecular targets. This is the first monograph to focus on the potential use of curcumin in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, psoriasis and more. |
| adv exp med biology: Biological Small Angle Scattering: Techniques, Strategies and Tips Barnali Chaudhuri, Inés G. Muñoz, Shuo Qian, Volker S. Urban, 2017-12-07 This book provides a clear, comprehensible and up-to-date description of how Small Angle Scattering (SAS) can help structural biology researchers. SAS is an efficient technique that offers structural information on how biological macromolecules behave in solution. SAS provides distinct and complementary data for integrative structural biology approaches in combination with other widely used probes, such as X-ray crystallography, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Mass spectrometry and Cryo-electron Microscopy. The development of brilliant synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beam lines has increased the number of researchers interested in solution scattering. SAS is especially useful for studying conformational changes in proteins, highly flexible proteins, and intrinsically disordered proteins. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with neutron contrast variation is ideally suited for studying multi-component assemblies as well as membrane proteins that are stabilized in surfactant micelles or vesicles. SAS is also used for studying dynamic processes of protein fibrillation in amyloid diseases, and pharmaceutical drug delivery. The combination with size-exclusion chromatography further increases the range of SAS applications. The book is written by leading experts in solution SAS methodologies. The principles and theoretical background of various SAS techniques are included, along with practical aspects that range from sample preparation to data presentation for publication. Topics covered include techniques for improving data quality and analysis, as well as different scientific applications of SAS. With abundant illustrations and practical tips, we hope the clear explanations of the principles and the reviews on the latest progresses will serve as a guide through all aspects of biological solution SAS. The scope of this book is particularly relevant for structural biology researchers who are new to SAS. Advanced users of the technique will find it helpful for exploring the diversity of solution SAS methods and applications. Chapter 3 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com. |
| adv exp med biology: Cell & Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer Heide Schatten, 2018-09-18 This volume covers classic and modern cell and molecular biology of prostate cancer, as well as novel biomarkers, inflammation, centrosome pathologies, microRNAs, cancer initiation novel biomarkers, inflammation, centrosome pathologies, microRNAs, cancer initiation and genetics, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis and progression to metastasis, and treatment strategies including clinical trials related to prostate cancer. Cell & Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer is one of two companion books comprehensively addressing the biology and clinical aspects of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Stategies, the companion volume, discusses both classic and the most recent imaging approaches including analysis of needle biopsies, applications of nanoparticle probes and peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for detection, early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Taken together, these volumes form one comprehensive and invaluable contribution to the literature. |
| adv exp med biology: Biomechanics in Oncology Cheng Dong, Nastaran Zahir, Konstantinos Konstantopoulos, 2018-10-27 This book covers multi-scale biomechanics for oncology, ranging from cells and tissues to whole organ. Topics covered include, but not limited to, biomaterials in mechano-oncology, non-invasive imaging techniques, mechanical models of cell migration, cancer cell mechanics, and platelet-based drug delivery for cancer applications. This is an ideal book for graduate students, biomedical engineers, and researchers in the field of mechanobiology and oncology. This book also: Describes how mechanical properties of cancer cells, the extracellular matrix, tumor microenvironment and immuno-editing, and fluid flow dynamics contribute to tumor progression and the metastatic process Provides the latest research on non-invasive imaging, including traction force microscopy and brillouin confocal microscopy Includes insight into NCIs’ role in supporting biomechanics in oncology research Details how biomaterials in mechano-oncology can be used as a means to tune materials to study cancer |
| adv exp med biology: Therapeutic Ultrasound Jean-Michel Escoffre, Ayache Bouakaz, 2015-10-20 This book highlights advances and prospects of a highly versatile and dynamic research field: Therapeutic ultrasound. Leading experts in the field describe a wide range of topics related to the development of therapeutic ultrasound (i.e., high intensity focused ultrasound, microbubble-assisted ultrasound drug delivery, low intensity pulsed ultrasound, ultrasound-sensitive nanocarriers), ranging from the biophysical concepts (i.e., tissue ablation, drug and gene delivery, neuromodulation) to therapeutic applications (i.e., chemotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, sonothrombolysis, immunotherapy, lithotripsy, vaccination). This book is an indispensable source of information for students, researchers and clinicians dealing with non-invasive image-guided ultrasound-based therapeutic interventions in the fields of oncology, neurology, cardiology and nephrology. |
| adv exp med biology: Novel Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Heung Jae Chun, Kwideok Park, Chun-Ho Kim, Gilson Khang, 2018-10-24 This book explores in depth a wide range of new biomaterials that hold great promise for applications in regenerative medicine. The opening two sections are devoted to biomaterials designed to direct stem cell fate and regulate signaling pathways. Diverse novel functional biomaterials, including injectable nanocomposite hydrogels, electrosprayed nanoparticles, and waterborne polyurethane-based materials, are then discussed. The fourth section focuses on inorganic biomaterials, such as nanobioceramics, hydroxyapatite, and titanium dioxide. Finally, up-to-date information is provided on a wide range of smart natural biomaterials, ranging from silk fibroin-based scaffolds and collagen type I to chitosan, mussel-inspired biomaterials, and natural polymeric scaffolds. This is one of two books to be based on contributions from leading experts that were delivered at the 2018 Asia University Symposium on Biomedical Engineering in Seoul, Korea – the companion book examines in depth the latest enabling technologies for regenerative medicine. |
| adv exp med biology: Neuropilin Dominique Bagnard, 2011-04-27 Cell adhesion is one of the most important properties controlling embryonic development. Extremely precise cell-cell contacts are established according to the nature of adhesion molecules that are expressed on the cell surface. The identifica tion of several families of adhesion molecules, well conserved throughout evolu tion, has been the basis of a considerable amount of work over the past 20 years that contributed to establish functions of cell adhesion in almost all organs. Nowadays, cell adhesion molecules are not just considered as cellular glue but are thought to play critical roles in cell signaling. Their ability to influence cell proliferation, mi gration, or differentiation depends on both cell surface adhesion properties and acti vation of intracellular pathways. The next challenge will be to understand how these molecules interact with each other to ensure specific functions in the morphogen esis of very sophisticated systems. Indeed, by exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms of nervous system development, the group of H. Fujisawa in Japan identified in 1987 an adhesion molecule, neuropilin, highly expressed in the neuro pile of amphibian optic tectum. Ten years later, two groups discovered that neuropilin is a receptor for guidance signals of the semaphorin family. Axon guidance is a critical step during brain development and the mechanisms ensuring growth cone navigation are beginning to be well understood. The semaphorins are bifunctional signals defining permissive or inhibitory pathways sensed by the growth cone. |
| adv exp med biology: The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life Arthur N. Popper, Anthony Hawkins, 2012-01-26 The Second International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life will take place in Ireland August 15-20, 2010. The main emphasis of the conference will be on defining the current state of knowledge. However, we will also assess progress in the three years since the First conference. The Second conference will place strong emphasis on recent research results, the sharing of ideas, discussion of experimental approaches, and analysis of regulatory issues. |
| adv exp med biology: Chemistry and Safety of Acrylamide in Food Mendel Friedman, Don Mottram, 2005-04-22 Interest in the chemistry, biochemistry, and safety of acrylamide is running high. These proceedings contain presentations by experts from eight countries on the chemistry, analysis, metabolism, pharmacology, and toxicology of the compound. |
| adv exp med biology: Retinal Degenerative Diseases Matthew M. LaVail, John Ash, Robert E. Anderson, Joe G. Hollyfield, Christian Grimm, 2011-12-21 This book will contain the proceedings of the XIV International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2010), held July 13-17, 2010, in Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, Canada. The volume will present representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. |
| adv exp med biology: The Emotional Cerebellum Michael Adamaszek, Mario Manto, Dennis J. L. G. Schutter, 2022-07-29 Emotions represent a critical aspect of daily life in humans. Our understanding of the mechanisms of regulation of emotions has increased exponentially these last two decades. This book evaluates the contribution of the cerebellum to emotion. It outlines the current clinical, imaging and neurophysiological findings on the role of the cerebellum in key aspects of emotional processing and its influence on motor and cognitive function and social behavior. In the first section, the reader is introduced to the contributions of the cerebellum to various emotion domains, from emotion perception and recognition to transmission and encoding. Subsequent chapters provide a comprehensive picture of the neurophysiology and topography of emotion in the cerebellum and illustrate the convergence of theoretical and empirical research. Additional chapters address the cerebellum's involvement in emotional learning, emotional pain, emotional aspects of body language and perception, and its relations to social cognition including morality, music, and art. Finally, neuropsychiatric aspects of the cerebellum's influence on mood disorders and the current state of therapeutic options, including noninvasive stimulation approaches, complete the overview. This is the first book summarizing the current state of knowledge on the contribution of the cerebellum to important aspects of emotion. It is an essential reference for students, trainees, neuroscientists, researchers, and clinicians in neuroscience, neurology, neurosurgery and psychology involved in the study of emotions. The authors are renowned scientists in the field of cerebellar research. |
| adv exp med biology: Prostate Cancer Scott M. Dehm, Donald J. Tindall, 2020-01-03 The purpose of this book is to provide a contemporary overview of the causes and consequences of prostate cancer from a cellular and genetic perspective. Written by experts in the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, cell biology, genetics, genomics, cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation, the text covers aspects of prostate cancer from disease initiation to metastasis. Chapters explore in depth the cells of origin for prostate cancer, its genomic subtypes, neural transcription factors in disease progression, epigenetic regulation of chromatin, and many other topics. This book distinguishes itself from other texts on prostate cancer by its focus on cellular and genetic mechanisms, as opposed to clinical diagnosis and management. As a result, this book will be of broad interest to basic and translational scientists with familiarity of these topics, as well as to trainees at earlier stages of their research careers. |
| adv exp med biology: Neural Interface: Frontiers and Applications Xiaoxiang Zheng, 2019-11-15 This book focuses on the frontiers of neural interface technology, including hardware, software, neural decoding and encoding, control systems, and system integration. It also discusses applications for neuroprosthetics, neural diseases and neurorobotics, and the toolkits for basic neuroscience. A neural interface establishes a direct communication channel with the central or peripheral nervous system (CNS or PNS), and enables the nervous system to interact directly with the external devices. Recent advances in neuroscience and engineering are speeding up neural interface technology, paving the way for assisting, augmenting, repairing or restoring sensorimotor and other cognitive functions impaired due to neurological disease or trauma, and so improving the quality of life of those affected. Neural interfaces are now being explored in applications as diverse as rehabilitation, accessibility, gaming, education, recreation, robotics and human enhancement. Neural interfaces also represent a powerful tool to address fundamental questions in neuroscience. Recent decades have witnessed tremendous advances in the field, with a huge impact not only in the development of neuroprosthetics, but also in our basic understanding of brain function. Neural interface technology can be seen as a bridge across the traditional engineering and basic neuroscience. This book provides researchers, graduate and upper undergraduate students from a wide range of disciplines with a cutting-edge and comprehensive summary of neural interface engineering research. |
| adv exp med biology: Chromogranins: from Cell Biology to Physiology and Biomedicine Tommaso Angelone, Maria Carmela Cerra, Bruno Tota, 2017-11-09 The volume is designed to provide an integrated overview of the results from the last fifteen years of research on Chromogranins in relation to cell biology, physiology and biomedicine. The different chapters highlight novel activities of these proteins, including their role in granule biogenesis, hormone co-storage, stimulus-processing-secretion coupling, autonomic sympathetic/parasympathetic balance, immune and cardiocirculatory function, and the response to stress. Biomedical aspects are also illustrated with focus on the prognostic and diagnostic significance of Chromogranin in the presence of tumors, cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory conditions. The volume is of interest for laboratory and clinical scientists, PhD and Post-doc students that will be inspired to go deep inside the molecular, biochemical, physiological, pharmacological and clinical aspects of these fascinating multifaceted proteins. |
| adv exp med biology: Diabetes Shamim I. Ahmad, 2013-04-12 Diabetes is a complex disease and is also one of the most common. It is very difficult to reach an accurate estimate for the global prevalence of diabetes since the standards and methods of data collection vary widely in different parts of the world. In addition, many potential sufferers are not included in the count because according to an estimate about 50% of cases remain undiagnosed for up to 10 years. However, according to an estimate for 2010, globally, there are about 285 million people (amounting to 6.4% of the adult population) suffering from this disease. This number is estimated to increase to 439 million by 2030 if no cure is found. The general increase in life expectancy, leading to an ageing population, and the global rise in obesity are two main reasons for the increase. With the basic platform set, Editor presents his views and advice to the readers, especially to diabetic patients suffering from T2DM, on the basis of his observations and information collected from other diabetics. |
| adv exp med biology: Physiology, Psychoacoustics and Cognition in Normal and Impaired Hearing Pim van Dijk, Deniz Başkent, Etienne Gaudrain, Emile de Kleine, Anita Wagner, Cris Lanting, 2016-04-14 The International Symposium on Hearing is a prestigious, triennial gathering where world-class scientists present and discuss the most recent advances in the field of human and animal hearing research. The 2015 edition will particularly focus on integrative approaches linking physiological, psychophysical and cognitive aspects of normal and impaired hearing. Like previous editions, the proceedings will contain about 50 chapters ranging from basic to applied research, and of interest to neuroscientists, psychologists, audiologists, engineers, otolaryngologists, and artificial intelligence researchers. |
| adv exp med biology: Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVIII Qingming Luo, Lin Z. Li, David K. Harrison, Hua Shi, Duane F. Bruley, 2016-08-15 This book contains the refereed contributions from the 43rd annual meeting of ISOTT. The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together scientists from various fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.) in a unique international forum. ISOTT conferences are a place where an atmosphere of interaction is created, where many questions are asked after each presentation and lively discussions occur at a high scientific level. This vivid interaction is the main motivation for members to participate and gain new ideas and knowledge in the broad field of oxygen transport to tissue. The proceedings include sessions covered various research topics including Multi-Modal Imaging/Spectroscopy & Instrumentation; Cancer Metabolism; Cellular Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Function; Brain Oxygenation and Function; Other Organ Function and Metabolism; Oxygen Transport in Sports, Diseases and Clinical Care; Acupuncture, Meridians, and Primo Vascular System; EPR, MRS and MRI. |
| adv exp med biology: Biology of the Sialic Acids A. Rosenberg, 1995-07-31 Abraham Rosenberg assembles the groundbreaking work of preeminent international scientists to provide the most current, state-of-the-art presentation of research in siabiology. This concise volume examines the historical development of the field and reviews current knowledge on the genetic, immunologic, oncologic, neurodevelopmental, pathogenic, and cell regulatory properties of sialic acid. Outstanding features of this work include exhaustive reference material and detailed information tables. |
| adv exp med biology: The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism Anne Le, 2018-06-26 Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies. |
| adv exp med biology: Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIX David T. Delpy, 2013-11-11 In 1996, for its 24th scientific meeting, the International Society on Oxygen Trans port to Tissue made its third visit to the United Kingdom. The previous two meetings were held in Cambridge in 1977 and 1986, but this was the first meeting to be held north of the border in Scotland. It was attended by some 186 delegates and accompanying persons and there were 128 presentations. The venue was the West Park Centre, the University of Dundee's residential conference centre, and ISOTT was only the second major meeting to be held there using the new Villa accommodation. Dundee's slogan is City of Discovery since it became the permanent home of the Royal Research Ship Discovery which was built in the city and was used by Captain Scott on his first ex pedition to the Antarctic. The ISOTT meeting also fulfilled its promise of being a meeting of dis covery with sessions on all aspects of oxygen transport to tissue. The inclusion of a session on oxygen transport in vascular disease reflected the interests of the local participants. All of the manuscripts were reviewed both for their scientific and editorial accept ability and in some 50% of cases, revisions were requested from the authors. Some manu scripts were ultimately rejected. However, in view of the importance of producing the Proceedings as quickly as possible it is possible that some minor errors may have slipped through, for which the editors apologise. |
| adv exp med biology: Sigma Receptors: Their Role in Disease and as Therapeutic Targets Sylvia B. Smith, Tsung-Ping Su, 2017-03-16 Originally confused with opioid receptors and then orphan receptors with no biological function, Sigma Receptors are now recognized as relevant to many degenerative diseases with remarkable potential as therapeutic targets. In this text, new information about the structure of sigma 1 receptor, its binding sites are provided as well as its expression in many cell types. It’s putative role in degenerative neuronal diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, pain, drug addiction and locomotor activity. Their roles in possible treatments for blinding retinal diseases emphasize the tremendous far-reaching potential for ligands for these receptors. Exciting breakthroughs in this dynamic field in the last decade are reported herein, which will guide future investigators in determining the full potential of this unique, yet abundantly expressed protein. |
| adv exp med biology: Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology , 2000-02-28 Nucleic acids are the fundamental building blocks of DNA and RNA and are found in virtually every living cell. Molecular biology is a branch of science that studies the physicochemical properties of molecules in a cell, including nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes.Increased understanding of nucleic acids and their role in molecular biology will further many of the biological sciences including genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology.Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references. - Provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology - Includes contributions from leaders in the field - Contains abundant references |
| adv exp med biology: Metal Ions in Biological Systems Helmut Sigel, 1980-07-01 |
| adv exp med biology: Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides—II M. Zouhair Atassi, 2012-12-06 The immune response is largely dependent on molecular inter actions involving proteins. The recognition of antigen molecules, whether they are proteins or non-proteins, whether they are self or non-self, takes place at the molecular-cellular interface through membrane receptor molecules that are proteins. The initial step of recognition activates a complex series of cellular events requiring some mechanism of cell-cell interactions and communi cations, eventually leading to antibody production. This biolo gical cascade is controlled at several positions along its con secutive pathways by protein molecules, either in the free form or as receptors on membranes of cells committed to this activity. Clearly, then, the proper understanding of the response by cells of the immune system will depend, to a great measure, on the definition of the molecular events involving protein interactions. Obviously, cells work via molecules and molecules work via cells and, at this level of functional resolution, molecular immunology and cellular immunology will merge and will depend heavily on protein chemistry. |
| adv exp med biology: Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism 10 H. Weiner, 2001-05-14 The largest collection of articles on the three major gene families, this work ranges from enzymology to molecular biology to physiological implications. The three gene families are related in that the enzymes catalyse the NAD(P) dependent oxidation or reduction of carbonyl containing substrates. The substrates are important in diverse areas such as alcoholism, diabetes and cancer related problems as well as simple detoxification. The scope of the chapters, contributed by leading international scientists, is wide and covers gene regulation to enzyme mechanisms and protein structure. This is the only publication dealing in such depth with just three gene families. An important reference for researchers in toxicology and molecular biology. |
| adv exp med biology: Bibliography of Agriculture , 1972 |
| adv exp med biology: Chemistry and Biology of the Kallikrein-kinin System in Health and Disease John J. Pisano, Karl Frank Austen, 1977 The diversity and significance of recent research on the kallikrein-kinin system provided the impetus for this international conference, the purpose of which was the assessment of our knowledge and the development of a base from which to plan future research. Through the generous support of the Fogarty International Center and of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Organizing Committee was able to bring together authorities in virtually every aspect of kinin research. The kallikrein-kinin field was divided into three major areas: A) Characterization and assays of components of the kallikrein-kinin systems; B) Interacting systems: Fibrinolysis, complement, coagulation, and prostaglandins; and C) Physiological, pathological, and clinical significance. Invited experts were instructed to present concise critical reviews along with any new data. Time was a)so provided for discussants to present relevant comments and data. Selected discussions accompany the keynote reports, and these comprise the short chapters. |
| adv exp med biology: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General, 2010 This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products. |
| adv exp med biology: Cumulated Index Medicus , 1994 |
| adv exp med biology: Pericyte Biology - Novel Concepts Alexander Birbrair, 2018-12-06 This volume explores novel concepts of pericyte biology. The present book is an attempt to describe the most recent developments in the area of pericyte biology which is one of the emergent hot topics in the field of molecular and cellular biology today. Here, we present a selected collection of detailed chapters on what we know so far about the pericytes. Together with its companion volumes Pericyte Biology in Different Organs and Pericyte Biology in Disease, Pericyte Biology - Novel Concepts presents a comprehensive update on the latest information and most novel functions attributed to pericytes. To those researchers newer to this area, it will be useful to have the background information on these cells' unique history. It will be invaluable for both advanced cell biology students as well as researchers in cell biology, stem cells and researchers or clinicians involved with specific diseases. |
| adv exp med biology: The Enzymes of Biological Membranes Anthony Martonosi, 2012-12-06 In the first edition of The Enzymes of Biological Membranes, published in four volumes in 1976, we collected the mass of widely scattered information on membrane-linked enzymes and metabolic processes up to about 1975. This was a period of transition from the romantic phase of membrane biochemistry, preoccupied with conceptual developments and the general properties of membranes, to an era of mounting interest in the specific properties of membrane-linked enzymes analyzed from the viewpoints of modem enzymology. The level of sophistication in various areas of membrane research varied widely; the structures of cytochrome c and cytochrome b were known s to atomic detail, while the majority of membrane-linked enzymes had not even been isolated. In the intervening eight years our knowledge of membrane-linked enzymes ex panded beyond the wildest expectations. The purpose of the second edition of The Enzymes of Biological Membranes is to record these developments. The first volume describes the physical and chemical techniques used in the analysis of the structure and dynamics of biological membranes. In the second volume the enzymes and met abolic systems that participate in the biosynthesis of cell and membrane components are discussed. The third and fourth volumes review recent developments in active transport, oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis. |
| adv exp med biology: Protein Allostery in Drug Discovery Jian Zhang, Ruth Nussinov, 2019-11-09 The book focuses on protein allostery in drug discovery. Allosteric regulation, ʹthe second secret of lifeʹ, fine-tunes virtually most biological processes and controls physiological activities. Allostery can both cause human diseases and contribute to development of new therapeutics. Allosteric drugs exhibit unparalleled advantages compared to conventional orthosteric drugs, rendering the development of allosteric modulators as an appealing strategy to improve selectivity and pharmacodynamic properties in drug leads. The Series delineates the immense significance of protein allostery—as demonstrated by recent advances in the repertoires of the concept, its mechanistic mechanisms, and networks, characteristics of allosteric proteins, modulators, and sites, development of computational and experimental methods to predict allosteric sites, small-molecule allosteric modulators of protein kinases and G-protein coupled receptors, engineering allostery, and the underlying role of allostery in precise medicine. Comprehensive understanding of protein allostery is expected to guide the rational design of allosteric drugs for the treatment of human diseases. The book would be useful for scientists and students in the field of protein science and Pharmacology etc. |
| adv exp med biology: ICRDB Cancergram , 1986 |
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