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Advances in MRI Technology: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, PhD, Professor of Biomedical Engineering at the University of California, San Francisco, with over 20 years of experience in MRI research and development, specializing in advanced imaging techniques and hardware innovations.
Publisher: Springer Nature, a leading global scientific publisher with extensive expertise in medical imaging and engineering.
Editor: Dr. Michael Chen, MD, PhD, a practicing radiologist and experienced medical journal editor with a focus on radiology and medical technology.
Keywords: advances in MRI technology, MRI innovations, magnetic resonance imaging, high-field MRI, ultra-high-field MRI, functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion MRI, parallel imaging, compressed sensing, artificial intelligence in MRI, MRI coil technology, MRI safety.
Summary: This guide explores significant advancements in MRI technology, detailing improvements in hardware, software, and techniques. It covers high-field MRI, parallel imaging, compressed sensing, AI-driven image analysis, and novel applications like fMRI and DTI. Best practices for implementation and potential pitfalls are discussed, aiming to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians alike.
1. Introduction: The Evolution of MRI Technology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has revolutionized medical diagnosis and research since its inception. However, advances in MRI technology continue to push the boundaries of what's possible, enabling higher resolution images, faster scan times, and the exploration of new physiological parameters. This guide explores these key advancements, highlighting both the benefits and challenges.
2. High-Field MRI: Enhanced Resolution and Sensitivity
One of the most significant advances in MRI technology is the development of higher field strength magnets. High-field MRI (≥3T) and ultra-high-field MRI (≥7T) offer substantially improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution compared to lower field systems. This leads to clearer images with finer anatomical detail, crucial for diagnosing subtle pathologies in the brain, heart, and other organs. However, higher fields present challenges, including increased radiofrequency (RF) power deposition and susceptibility artifacts.
3. Parallel Imaging and Compressed Sensing: Accelerating Scan Times
Advances in MRI technology have significantly reduced scan times through techniques like parallel imaging and compressed sensing. Parallel imaging utilizes multiple receiver coils to acquire data simultaneously, effectively reducing the number of phase-encoding steps needed. Compressed sensing leverages the sparsity of MR images to reconstruct high-quality images from undersampled data. These methods are vital for improving patient comfort and throughput, particularly in applications requiring long scan times.
4. Advanced MRI Techniques: Beyond Anatomical Imaging
Beyond anatomical imaging, advances in MRI technology have enabled the exploration of various physiological processes. Functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow, while diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) maps the diffusion of water molecules to visualize white matter tracts in the brain. Perfusion MRI assesses blood flow in tissues, providing critical information for stroke diagnosis and monitoring. These sophisticated techniques have expanded the diagnostic capabilities of MRI significantly.
5. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in MRI: Automating Analysis and Enhancing Image Quality
The integration of artificial intelligence into MRI workflows is revolutionizing image analysis and interpretation. AI algorithms can automate tasks such as image segmentation, lesion detection, and quantification, improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, AI is being utilized for denoising, artifact correction, and image reconstruction, leading to higher quality images with reduced scan times. This represents a major step forward in advances in MRI technology.
6. Advances in MRI Coil Technology: Improved Signal Reception
Improvements in coil technology have played a critical role in advancing MRI capabilities. The development of high-density phased-array coils, combined with advanced signal processing techniques, has enabled better SNR and reduced scan times. Specialized coils designed for specific body regions further enhance image quality and reduce artifacts.
7. MRI Safety and Best Practices
Ensuring patient safety is paramount in MRI procedures. Advances in MRI technology also include improvements in safety protocols, including better shielding, improved RF safety monitoring, and the development of MRI-compatible implants and devices. Strict adherence to safety guidelines and best practices is crucial to prevent potential adverse effects. Careful screening of patients for contraindications, such as metallic implants, is essential.
8. Challenges and Future Directions
Despite significant advancements, challenges remain. High-field MRI's increased cost and complexity limit accessibility. Further research is needed to improve the robustness and generalizability of AI algorithms for MRI analysis. The development of novel contrast agents and imaging techniques continues to be a focus of ongoing research to improve diagnostic specificity and sensitivity.
9. Conclusion
Advances in MRI technology have significantly improved the quality, speed, and diagnostic capabilities of MRI. From high-field systems and parallel imaging to AI-driven analysis and novel imaging techniques, these advancements are transforming medical diagnosis and research. However, it is crucial to consider potential pitfalls, emphasizing patient safety and responsible implementation of these powerful tools. Continued research and development will undoubtedly lead to even more significant improvements in the years to come, further establishing MRI as an indispensable tool in healthcare.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between high-field and ultra-high-field MRI? Ultra-high-field MRI utilizes even stronger magnetic fields (≥7T) than high-field MRI (≥3T), leading to even better resolution and SNR but also increased safety considerations.
2. How does parallel imaging reduce scan time? Parallel imaging uses multiple receiver coils to acquire data simultaneously, effectively reducing the number of phase-encoding steps needed for image reconstruction.
3. What are the benefits of compressed sensing in MRI? Compressed sensing allows for high-quality image reconstruction from undersampled data, significantly reducing scan times without compromising image quality.
4. How is AI used in MRI image analysis? AI algorithms can automate tasks like image segmentation, lesion detection, and quantification, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
5. What are the safety concerns associated with high-field MRI? Increased RF power deposition and susceptibility artifacts are major concerns at higher field strengths.
6. What are some examples of advanced MRI techniques? fMRI, DTI, and perfusion MRI are examples of advanced techniques that provide functional and physiological information beyond anatomical details.
7. How are MRI coils improving image quality? High-density phased-array coils and specialized coils for specific body regions improve SNR and reduce artifacts, resulting in higher quality images.
8. What are the limitations of current advances in MRI technology? High costs, complexity, and the need for further development and validation of AI algorithms are limitations.
9. What is the future of advances in MRI technology? Future advances may include even higher field strengths, improved contrast agents, more sophisticated AI algorithms, and novel imaging techniques targeting specific diseases.
Related Articles
1. High-Field MRI in Neuroimaging: A review of the advantages and limitations of high-field MRI in brain imaging research and clinical applications.
2. Parallel Imaging Techniques in MRI: A comprehensive guide to different parallel imaging methods, their strengths, and weaknesses.
3. Compressed Sensing for Accelerated MRI: A detailed discussion of compressed sensing algorithms and their impact on reducing scan times.
4. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis: A broad overview of the role of AI in medical image analysis, including applications in MRI.
5. Functional MRI (fMRI) and its Applications: An exploration of fMRI principles, data analysis, and its diverse applications in neuroscience research.
6. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) of the Brain: A detailed examination of DTI methodology, data interpretation, and its use in studying white matter tracts.
7. Advances in MRI Coil Technology: A review of current MRI coil designs and future directions in coil technology development.
8. MRI Safety and Patient Management: A comprehensive guide to MRI safety protocols, contraindications, and best practices.
9. Novel Contrast Agents for MRI: An overview of the development and application of new contrast agents to enhance MRI contrast and specificity.
| advances in mri technology: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nicole Seiberlich, Vikas Gulani, Adrienne Campbell-Washburn, Steven Sourbron, Mariya Ivanova Doneva, Fernando Calamante, Houchun Harry Hu, 2020-11-18 Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a 'go-to' reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: - The basic physics behind tissue property mapping - How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties - The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* - The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion - The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor - maps and more complex representations of diffusion - How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed - How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance - Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes - How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs - Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds - Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements - Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges - Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches |
| advances in mri technology: Advanced Neuro MR Techniques and Applications In-Young Choi, Peter Jezzard, 2021-11-26 Advanced Neuro MR Techniques and Applications gives detailed knowledge of emerging neuro MR techniques and their specific clinical and neuroscience applications, showing their pros and cons over conventional and currently available advanced techniques. The book identifies the best available data acquisition, processing, reconstruction and analysis strategies and methods that can be utilized in clinical and neuroscience research. It is an ideal reference for MR scientists and engineers who develop MR technologies and/or support clinical and neuroscience research and for high-end users who utilize neuro MR techniques in their research, including clinicians, neuroscientists and psychologists. Trainees such as postdoctoral fellows, PhD and MD/PhD students, residents and fellows using or considering the use of neuro MR technologies will also be interested in this book. Presents a complete reference on advanced Neuro MR Techniques and Applications Edited and written by leading researchers in the field Suitable for a broad audience of MR scientists and engineers who develop MR technologies, as well as clinicians, neuroscientists and psychologists who utilize neuro MR techniques in their research |
| advances in mri technology: Breast MRI Katja Pinker, Ritse Mann, Savannah Partridge, 2022-09-22 Breast MRI: State of the Art and Future Directions provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications of breast MRI, including abbreviated MRI, as well as presenting technical recommendations, practical implementation and associated challenges in clinical routine. In addition, the book introduces novel MRI techniques, multimodality imaging, and advanced image processing coupled with AI, reviewing their potential for impeding and future clinical implementation. This book is a complete reference on state-of-the-art breast MRI methods suitable for MRI researchers, radiographers and clinicians.Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women with early detection being the key to improved prognosis and survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is undisputedly the most sensitive imaging method to detect cancer, with a higher detection rate than mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, and ultrasound. - Spans the whole spectrum of breast MRI, including basic imaging techniques, indications, interpretation, and the latest cutting-edge techniques - Reviews multiparametric MRI and abbreviated protocols, providing an outlook on the future of this technique - Discusses the predictive and prognostic value of MRI as well as the evolving field of radiomics/genomics and AI |
| advances in mri technology: The Behavioral Ecology of the Tibetan Macaque Jin-Hua Li, Lixing Sun, Peter M. Kappeler, 2019-11-18 This open access book summarizes the multi-disciplinary results of one of China’s main primatological research projects on the endemic Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), which had continued for over 30 years, but which had never been reported on systematically. Dedicated to this exceptional Old World monkey, this book makes the work of Chinese primatologists on the social behavior, cooperation, culture, cognition, group dynamics, and emerging technologies in primate research accessible to the international scientific community. One of the most impressive Asian monkeys, and the largest member of its genus, the Tibetan macaque deserves to be better known. This volume goes a long way towards bringing this species into the spotlight with many excellent behavioral analyses from the field. - Frans de Waal, Professor of Psychology, Emory University, USA. Macaques matter. To understand primate patterns and trends, and to gain important insight into humanity, we need to augment and expand our engagement with the most successful and widespread primate genus aside from Homo. This volume focuses on the Tibetan macaque, a fascinating species with much to tell us about social behavior, physiology, complexity and the macaque knack for interfacing with humans. This book is doubly important for primatology in that beyond containing core information on this macaque species, it also reflects an effective integrated collaboration between Chinese scholars and a range of international colleagues—exactly the type of collaborative engagement primatology needs. This volume is a critical contribution to a global primatology. - Agustín Fuentes, Professor of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, USA. I have many fond memories of my association with Mt. Huangshan research beginning in 1983, when together with Professor Qishan Wang we established this site. It is such a beautiful place and I miss it. It is gratifying to see how far research has progressed since we began work there, becoming more internationalized and very much a collaborative endeavor under the long-term direction of Professor Jin-Hua Li and colleagues. This book highlights the increased interest in this species, representing a variety of disciplines ranging from macro aspects of behavior, cognition and sociality, to micro aspects of microbes, parasites and disease, authored by a group of renowned Chinese and international primatologists. I applaud their efforts and expect more interesting work to come from this site in the years ahead. - Kazuo Wada, Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Japan. |
| advances in mri technology: Advanced Imaging in Biology and Medicine Ch.W. Sensen, Benedikt Hallgrimsson, 2008-12-03 A picture says more than a thousand words. This is something that we all know to be true. Imaging has been important since the early days of medicine and bi- ogy, as seen in the anatomical studies of Leonardo Da Vinci or Andreas Vesalius. More than 100 years ago, the ?rst noninvasive imaging technologies, such as K- rad Roentgen’s X-ray technology,were applied to the medical ?eld—and while still crude—revolutionized medical diagnosis. Today, every patient will be exposed to some kind of advanced imaging technology such as medical resonance imaging, computed tomography or four-dimensional ultrasound during their lifetime. Many diseases, such as brain tumors, are initially diagnosed solely by imaging, and most of the surgical planning relies on the patient imagery. 4D ultrasound is available to expecting parents who wish to create unique early memories of the new baby, and it may soon be used for the morphometric diagnosis of malformations that may one day be treatable—inutero! Light and electron microscopy are unequal brethren, which have contributed to most of our knowledge about the existence and organization of cells, tissues and microorganisms. Every student of biology or medicine is introduced to the fascinating images of the microcosm. New advances have converted these im- ing technologies, which were considered by many to be antiquated, into powerful tools for research in systems biology and related ?elds. |
| advances in mri technology: Rad Tech's Guide to MRI William H. Faulkner, Jr., 2020-03-09 The second edition of Rad Tech's Guide to MRI provides practicing and training technologists with a succinct overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Designed for quick reference and examination preparation, this pocket-size guide covers the fundamental principles of electromagnetism, MRI equipment, data acquisition and processing, image quality and artifacts, MR Angiography, Diffusion/Perfusion, and more. Written by an expert practitioner and educator, this handy reference guide: Provides essential MRI knowledge in a single portable, easy-to-read guide Covers instrumentation and MRI hardware components, including gradient and radio-frequency subsystems Provides techniques to handle flow imaging issues and improve the quality of MRIs Explains the essential physics underpinning MRI technology Rad Tech's Guide to MRI is a must-have resource for student radiographers, especially those preparing for the American Registry of Radiation Technologist (ARRT) exams, as well as practicing radiology technologists looking for a quick reference guide. |
| advances in mri technology: Electromagnetics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Christopher M. Collins, 2016-03-01 In the past few decades, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become an indispensable tool in modern medicine, with MRI systems now available at every major hospital in the developed world. But for all its utility and prevalence, it is much less commonly understood and less readily explained than other common medical imaging techniques. Unlike optical, ultrasonic, X-ray (including CT), and nuclear medicine-based imaging, MRI does not rely primarily on simple transmission and/or reflection of energy, and the highest achievable resolution in MRI is orders of magnitude smaller that the smallest wavelength involved. In this book, MRI will be explained with emphasis on the magnetic fields required, their generation, their concomitant electric fields, the various interactions of all these fields with the subject being imaged, and the implications of these interactions to image quality and patient safety. Classical electromagnetics will be used to describe aspects from the fundamental phenomenon of nuclear precession through signal detection and MRI safety. Simple explanations and Illustrations combined with pertinent equations are designed to help the reader rapidly gain a fundamental understanding and an appreciation of this technology as it is used today, as well as ongoing advances that will increase its value in the future. Numerous references are included to facilitate further study with an emphasis on areas most directly related to electromagnetics. |
| advances in mri technology: Parallel Imaging in Clinical MR Applications Stefan O. Schönberg, Olaf Dietrich, Maximilian F Reiser, 2007-01-11 This book presents the first in-depth introduction to parallel imaging techniques and, in particular, to the application of parallel imaging in clinical MRI. It will provide readers with a broader understanding of the fundamental principles of parallel imaging and of the advantages and disadvantages of specific MR protocols in clinical applications in all parts of the body at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. |
| advances in mri technology: Sources of Medical Technology Committee on Technological Innovation in Medicine, Institute of Medicine, 1995-01-15 Evidence suggests that medical innovation is becoming increasingly dependent on interdisciplinary research and on the crossing of institutional boundaries. This volume focuses on the conditions governing the supply of new medical technologies and suggest that the boundaries between disciplines, institutions, and the private and public sectors have been redrawn and reshaped. Individual essays explore the nature, organization, and management of interdisciplinary R&D in medicine; the introduction into clinical practice of the laser, endoscopic innovations, cochlear implantation, cardiovascular imaging technologies, and synthetic insulin; the division of innovating labor in biotechnology; the government- industry-university interface; perspectives on industrial R&D management; and the growing intertwining of the public and proprietary in medical technology. |
| advances in mri technology: MRI: The Basics Ray Hashman Hashemi, William G. Bradley, Christopher J. Lisanti, 2012-03-28 Now in its updated Third Edition, MRI: The Basics is an easy-to-read, clinically relevant introduction to the physics behind MR imaging. The book features large-size, legible equations, state-of-the-art images, instructive diagrams, and questions and answers that are ideal for board review. The American Journal of Radiology praised the previous edition as an excellent text for introducing the basic concepts to individuals interested in clinical MRI. This edition spans the gamut from basic physics to multi-use MR options to specific applications, and has dozens of new images. Coverage reflects the latest advances in MRI and includes completely new chapters on k-space, parallel imaging, cardiac MRI, and MR spectroscopy. |
| advances in mri technology: MRI for Technologists, Second Edition Peggy Woodward, 2001 “…a welcome change from the many highly technical MRI texts on the market. It provides a solid foundation of MR technology and serves well as a study guide or reference text to use in practice.” RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY review of prior edition For optimal knowledge of MR imaging, look no further than this user-friendly guide. Highly-experienced technologists clearly explain everything you need to know -- from the underlying science of magnetic resonance imaging, to image evaluation, interaction with patients, and even facility management. *Logical, pedagogical organization maximizes comprehension *Crystal clear illustrations demystify even the most technical subjects *Helpful tables quickly organize protocols and parameters Here are just some of the topics covered: *Basic physics *Commonly-used pulse sequences and parameters *Image interpretation *Protocol development strategies *Safety considerations *contrast media New to this edition: *Advanced MR pulse sequences *Updates on coil technology *Angiographic imaging developments *Improvements in contrast media studies *Breast MRI advances Also of interest: Markisz/Aquilia: Technical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neseth/Williams: Procedures and Documentation for CT and MRI Woodward/Orrison: MRI Optimization: A Hands On Approach |
| advances in mri technology: Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences Matt A. Bernstein, Kevin F. King, Xiaohong Joe Zhou, 2004-09-21 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is among the most important medical imaging techniques available today. There is an installed base of approximately 15,000 MRI scanners worldwide. Each of these scanners is capable of running many different pulse sequences, which are governed by physics and engineering principles, and implemented by software programs that control the MRI hardware. To utilize an MRI scanner to the fullest extent, a conceptual understanding of its pulse sequences is crucial. Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences offers a complete guide that can help the scientists, engineers, clinicians, and technologists in the field of MRI understand and better employ their scanner. - Explains pulse sequences, their components, and the associated image reconstruction methods commonly used in MRI - Provides self-contained sections for individual techniques - Can be used as a quick reference guide or as a resource for deeper study - Includes both non-mathematical and mathematical descriptions - Contains numerous figures, tables, references, and worked example problems |
| advances in mri technology: Contrast-Enhanced Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Val M. Runge, 1997 |
| advances in mri technology: Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on State of the Science of Nuclear Medicine, 2007-09-11 Nearly 20 million nuclear medicine procedures are carried out each year in the United States alone to diagnose and treat cancers, cardiovascular disease, and certain neurological disorders. Many of the advancements in nuclear medicine have been the result of research investments made during the past 50 years where these procedures are now a routine part of clinical care. Although nuclear medicine plays an important role in biomedical research and disease management, its promise is only beginning to be realized. Advancing Nuclear Medicine Through Innovation highlights the exciting emerging opportunities in nuclear medicine, which include assessing the efficacy of new drugs in development, individualizing treatment to the patient, and understanding the biology of human diseases. Health care and pharmaceutical professionals will be most interested in this book's examination of the challenges the field faces and its recommendations for ways to reduce these impediments. |
| advances in mri technology: Totally Accessible MRI Michael L. Lipton, 2010-04-28 This practical guide offers an accessible introduction to the principles of MRI physics. Each chapter explains the why and how behind MRI physics. Readers will understand how altering MRI parameters will have many different consequences for image quality and the speed in which images are generated. Practical topics, selected for their value to clinical practice, include progressive changes in key MRI parameters, imaging time, and signal to noise ratio. A wealth of high quality illustrations, complemented by concise text, enables readers to gain a thorough understanding of the subject without requiring prior in-depth knowledge. |
| advances in mri technology: Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Zhi-Pei Liang, Paul C. Lauterbur, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2000 In 1971 Dr. Paul C. Lauterbur pioneered spatial information encoding principles that made image formation possible by using magnetic resonance signals. Now Lauterbur, father of the MRI, and Dr. Zhi-Pei Liang have co-authored the first engineering textbook on magnetic resonance imaging. This long-awaited, definitive text will help undergraduate and graduate students of biomedical engineering, biomedical imaging scientists, radiologists, and electrical engineers gain an in-depth understanding of MRI principles. The authors use a signal processing approach to describe the fundamentals of magnetic resonance imaging. You will find a clear and rigorous discussion of these carefully selected essential topics: Mathematical fundamentals Signal generation and detection principles Signal characteristics Signal localization principles Image reconstruction techniques Image contrast mechanisms Image resolution, noise, and artifacts Fast-scan imaging Constrained reconstruction Complete with a comprehensive set of examples and homework problems, Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging is the must-read book to improve your knowledge of this revolutionary technique. |
| advances in mri technology: MRI from Picture to Proton Donald W. McRobbie, Elizabeth A. Moore, Martin J. Graves, Martin R. Prince, 2017-04-13 MR is a powerful modality. At its most advanced, it can be used not just to image anatomy and pathology, but to investigate organ function, to probe in vivo chemistry, and even to visualise the brain thinking. However, clinicians, technologists and scientists struggle with the study of the subject. The result is sometimes an obscurity of understanding, or a dilution of scientific truth, resulting in misconceptions. This is why MRI from Picture to Proton has achieved its reputation for practical clarity. MR is introduced as a tool, with coverage starting from the images, equipment and scanning protocols and traced back towards the underlying physics theory. With new content on quantitative MRI, MR safety, multi-band excitation, Dixon imaging, MR elastography and advanced pulse sequences, and with additional supportive materials available on the book's website, this new edition is completely revised and updated to reflect the best use of modern MR technology. |
| advances in mri technology: MRI Angshul Majumdar, Rabab Kreidieh Ward, 2018-09-03 The field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has developed rapidly over the past decade, benefiting greatly from the newly developed framework of compressed sensing and its ability to drastically reduce MRI scan times. MRI: Physics, Image Reconstruction, and Analysis presents the latest research in MRI technology, emphasizing compressed sensing-based image reconstruction techniques. The book begins with a succinct introduction to the principles of MRI and then: Discusses the technology and applications of T1rho MRI Details the recovery of highly sampled functional MRIs Explains sparsity-based techniques for quantitative MRIs Describes multi-coil parallel MRI reconstruction techniques Examines off-line techniques in dynamic MRI reconstruction Explores advances in brain connectivity analysis using diffusion and functional MRIs Featuring chapters authored by field experts, MRI: Physics, Image Reconstruction, and Analysis delivers an authoritative and cutting-edge treatment of MRI reconstruction techniques. The book provides engineers, physicists, and graduate students with a comprehensive look at the state of the art of MRI. |
| advances in mri technology: Advanced Image Processing in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Luigi Landini, Vincenzo Positano, Maria Santarelli, 2018-10-03 The popularity of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in medicine is no mystery: it is non-invasive, it produces high quality structural and functional image data, and it is very versatile and flexible. Research into MR technology is advancing at a blistering pace, and modern engineers must keep up with the latest developments. This is only possible with a firm grounding in the basic principles of MR, and Advanced Image Processing in Magnetic Resonance Imaging solidly integrates this foundational knowledge with the latest advances in the field. Beginning with the basics of signal and image generation and reconstruction, the book covers in detail the signal processing techniques and algorithms, filtering techniques for MR images, quantitative analysis including image registration and integration of EEG and MEG techniques with MR, and MR spectroscopy techniques. The final section of the book explores functional MRI (fMRI) in detail, discussing fundamentals and advanced exploratory data analysis, Bayesian inference, and nonlinear analysis. Many of the results presented in the book are derived from the contributors' own work, imparting highly practical experience through experimental and numerical methods. Contributed by international experts at the forefront of the field, Advanced Image Processing in Magnetic Resonance Imaging is an indispensable guide for anyone interested in further advancing the technology and capabilities of MR imaging. |
| advances in mri technology: Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction Mehmet Akcakaya, Mariya Ivanova Doneva, Claudia Prieto, 2022-11-04 Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction: Theory, Methods and Applications presents the fundamental concepts of MR image reconstruction, including its formulation as an inverse problem, as well as the most common models and optimization methods for reconstructing MR images. The book discusses approaches for specific applications such as non-Cartesian imaging, under sampled reconstruction, motion correction, dynamic imaging and quantitative MRI. This unique resource is suitable for physicists, engineers, technologists and clinicians with an interest in medical image reconstruction and MRI. - Explains the underlying principles of MRI reconstruction, along with the latest research - Gives example codes for some of the methods presented - Includes updates on the latest developments, including compressed sensing, tensor-based reconstruction and machine learning based reconstruction |
| advances in mri technology: Understanding Magnetic Resonance Imaging Robert C. Smith, Robert C. Lange, 1997-11-20 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most technically dependent imaging technique in radiology. To perform and interpret MRI studies correctly, an understanding of the basic underlying principles is essential. Understanding Magnetic Resonance Imaging explains the pulse sequences, imaging options, and coils used to produce MR images, providing a strong foundation for performing and interpreting imaging studies. The text is complemented by more than 100 figures and 25 photomicrographs illustrating the techniques discussed. Radiology residents, MR technologists, and radiologists should not be without Understanding Magnetic Resonance Imaging-the only single resource that explains all technical aspects of MRI, including recent advances, and presents all imaging options. |
| advances in mri technology: Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Peder Larson, 2021-11-28 MRI with hyperpolarized carbon-13 agents is a powerful emerging imaging modality that can measure real-time metabolism in cells, animals, and humans. It uses endogenous, non-toxic contrast agents that a hyperpolarized, resulting in up to 100,000-fold increases in sensitivity. This technique uses no ionizing radiation, and is being applied in a range of human trials. It's primary use is for metabolic imaging, but it can also measure perfusion, pH, and necrosis. Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy is designed to be a one stop shop for understanding hyperpolarized 13C MRI. This book explains the principles of this imaging modality, the requirements for performing studies, shows how to interpret the results, and gives an overview of current biomedical applications. It is suitable for engineers, scientists and clinicians in radiology and biomedical imaging who want to understand this technology. - Presents the physics and hardware of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization - Explains the behaviour of hyperpolarized carbon-13 agents and how to image them - Detailed guidance on experimental design and data interpretation - Identifies promising and potential applications of hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR |
| advances in mri technology: AI Innovation in Medical Imaging Diagnostics Anbarasan, Kalaivani, 2021-01-01 Recent advancements in the technology of medical imaging, such as CT and MRI scanners, are making it possible to create more detailed 3D and 4D images. These powerful images require vast amounts of digital data to help with the diagnosis of the patient. Artificial intelligence (AI) must play a vital role in supporting with the analysis of this medical imaging data, but it will only be viable as long as healthcare professionals and AI interact to embrace deep thinking platforms such as automation in the identification of diseases in patients. AI Innovation in Medical Imaging Diagnostics is an essential reference source that examines AI applications in medical imaging that can transform hospitals to become more efficient in the management of patient treatment plans through the production of faster imaging and the reduction of radiation dosages through the PET and SPECT imaging modalities. The book also explores how data clusters from these images can be translated into small data packages that can be accessed by healthcare departments to give a real-time insight into patient care and required interventions. Featuring research on topics such as assistive healthcare, cancer detection, and machine learning, this book is ideally designed for healthcare administrators, radiologists, data analysts, computer science professionals, medical imaging specialists, diagnosticians, medical professionals, researchers, and students. |
| advances in mri technology: Advances in Healthcare Technology Gerhard Spekowius, Thomas Wendler, 2006-07-06 Improving healthcare and staying healthy is one of the most discussed and important issues in our society. Technology has played and will play an important role in many aspects of the healthcare system, and it offers new and better ways to solve the key health problems of the new century. This book describes valued contributions of technology for improving hospital and home healthcare, and gives a perspective on how they will influence critical aspects of future medical care. It provides an overview and discussion of trends, presents the state-of-the-art of important research areas, and highlights recent breakthrough results in selected fields, giving an outlook on game-changing developments in the coming decades. The material is arranged in 6 parts and a total of 31 chapters. The healthcare areas addressed are: General advances and trends in healthcare technology, diagnostic imaging, integration of imaging and therapy, molecular medicine, medical information technology and personal healthcare. |
| advances in mri technology: Advanced MR Neuroimaging Ioannis Tsougos, 2017-12-04 Over the last decade, some of the greatest achievements in the field of neuroimaging have been related to remarkable advances in magnetic resonance techniques, including diffusion, perfusion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI. Such techniques have provided valuable insights into tissue microstructure, microvasculature, metabolism and brain connectivity. Previously available mostly in research environments, these techniques are now becoming part of everyday clinical practice in a plethora of clinical MR systems. Nevertheless, despite growing interest and wider acceptance, there remains a lack of a comprehensive body of knowledge on the subject, exploring the intrinsic complexity and physical difficulty of the techniques. This book focuses on the basic principles and theories of diffusion, perfusion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI. It also explores their clinical applications and places emphasis on the associated artifacts and pitfalls with a comprehensive and didactic approach. This book aims to bridge the gap between research applications and clinical practice. It will serve as an educational manual for neuroimaging researchers and radiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and physicists with an interest in advanced MR techniques. It will also be a useful reference text for experienced clinical scientists who wish to optimize their multi-parametric imaging approach. |
| advances in mri technology: Handbook of Pediatric Brain Imaging Hao Huang, Timothy Roberts, 2021-10-28 Handbook of Pediatric Brain Imaging: Methods and Applications presents state-of-the-art research on pediatric brain image acquisition and analysis from a broad range of imaging modalities, including MRI, EEG and MEG. With rapidly developing methods and applications of MRI, this book strongly emphasizes pediatric brain MRI, elaborating on the sub-categories of structure MRI, diffusion MRI, functional MRI, perfusion MRI and other MRI methods. It integrates a pediatric brain imaging perspective into imaging acquisition and analysis methods, covering head motion, small brain sizes, small cerebral blood flow of neonates, dynamic cortical gyrification, white matter tract growth, and much more. Presents state-of-the-art pediatric brain imaging methods and applications Shows how to optimize the pediatric neuroimaging acquisition and analysis protocols Illustrates how to obtain quantitative structural, functional and physiological measurements |
| advances in mri technology: Functional MRI Scott H. Faro, Feroze B. Mohamed, 2006-11-22 Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures quick, tiny metabolic changes that take place in the brain, providing the most sensitive method currently available for identifying, investigating, and monitoring brain tumors, stroke, and chronic disorders of the nervous system like multiple sclerosis, and brain abnormalities related to dementia or seizures. This overview explores experimental research design, outlines challenges and limitations of fMRI, provides a detailed neuroanatomic atlas, and describes clinical applications of fMRI in cognitive, sensory, motor, and pharmacological cases, translating research into clinical application. |
| advances in mri technology: Diffusion MRI Outside the Brain Antonio Luna, Ramón Ribes, Jorge A. Soto, 2011-11-22 Recent advances in MR technology permit the application of diffusion MRI outside of the brain. In this book, the authors present cases drawn from daily clinical practice to illustrate the role of diffusion sequences, along with other morphological and functional MRI information, in the work-up of a variety of frequently encountered oncological and non-oncological diseases. Breast, musculoskeletal, whole-body, and other applications are covered in detail, with careful explanation of the pros and cons of diffusion MRI in each circumstance. Quantification and post-processing are discussed, and advice is provided on how to acquire state of the art images, and avoid artifacts, when using 1.5- and 3-T magnets. Applications likely to emerge in the near future, such as for screening, are also reviewed. The practical approach adopted by the authors, combined with the wealth of high-quality illustrations, ensure that this book will be of great value to practitioners. |
| advances in mri technology: Duvernoy's Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum Thomas P. Naidich, Henri M. Duvernoy, Bradley N. Delman, A. Gregory Sorensen, Spyros S. Kollias, E. Mark Haacke, 2009-06-25 This atlas instills a solid knowledge of anatomy by correlating thin-section brain anatomy with corresponding clinical magnetic resonance images in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The authors correlate advanced neuromelanin imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor tractography with clinical 3 and 4 T MRI. Each brain stem region is then analyzed with 9.4 T MRI to show the anatomy of the medulla, pons, midbrain, and portions of the diencephalonin with an in-plane resolution comparable to myelin- and Nissl-stained light microscopy. The book’s carefully organized diagrams and images teach with a minimum of text. |
| advances in mri technology: Handbook of Research on Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Imaging and Biomedical Applications Exarchos, Themis P., Papadopoulos, Athanasios, Fotiadis, Dimitrios I., 2009-04-30 This book includes state-of-the-art methodologies that introduce biomedical imaging in decision support systems and their applications in clinical practice--Provided by publisher. |
| advances in mri technology: Magnetic Resonance Imaging V. Rajinikanth, Nilanjan Dey, 2022-02-15 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Recording, Reconstruction and Assessment gives a detailed overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with its applications and challenges. The book explores the abnormalities in internal human organs using MRI techniques while also featuring case studies that illustrate measures used. In addition, it explores precautionary measures used during MRI based imaging, the selection of appropriate contrast agents, and the selection of the appropriate modality during the image registration. Sections introduce medical imaging, the use of MRI in brain, cardiac, lung and kidney detection, and also discuss both 2D and 3D imaging techniques and various MRI modalities. This volume will be of interest to researchers, engineers and medical professionals involved in the development and use of MRI systems. - Discusses challenges and issues faced, as well as safety precautions to be followed - Features case studies with benchmark MRIs existing in the literature - Introduces computer-based assessment (Machine Learning and Deep Learning) of the MRI based on its 2D slices |
| advances in mri technology: Clinical MRI of the Abdomen Nicholas C. Gourtsoyiannis, 2011-02-04 This volume, which explains why, when, and how abdominal MRI should be used, focuses in particular on the most recent developments in the field. After introductory chapters on technical considerations, protocol optimization, and contrast agents, MRI of the various solid and hollow viscera of the abdomen is addressed in a series of detailed chapters. Relevant clinical information is provided, and state of the art protocols presented. With the help of numerous high-quality illustrations, normal, variant, and abnormal imaging findings are described and potential artefacts highlighted. Differential diagnosis is given extensive consideration, and comparisons are made with competing methodologies when relevant. Each of the chapters is rounded off by a section on pearls and pitfalls. The closing chapters focus on findings in the pediatric abdomen, advances in MRI specifically relevant to cancer patients, and the use of abdominal MRI at 3 Tesla. This book, written by leading experts, will be of value to all who are involved in learning, performing, interpreting, and reporting abdominal MRI examinations. |
| advances in mri technology: Questions & Answers in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Allen D. Elster, Jonathan H. Burdette, 2001 The popular QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING is thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the latest advances in MRI technology. Four new chapters explain recent developments in the field in the traditional question and short answer format. This clear, concise and informative text discusses hundreds of the most common questions about MRI, as well as some challenging questions for seasoned MRI specialists. Covers the technical aspects of MRI, including physical principles, hardware, image production, artifacts, contrast agents, techniques, echo imaging, biological effects and safety, flow phenomena and angiography. Explains and reinforces the basic understanding of magnetic resonance physics. Includes material that is highly practical and immediately applicable to clinical MRI. Thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the latest advances in MRI technology. A 30 percent increase in content provides increased coverage of key topics. Includes four new chapters: MR Spectroscopy, Functional MRI, Diffusion/Perfusion Imaging, Echo-Planar Imaging, and an appendix on Sedation. |
| advances in mri technology: Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging Erik R. Ranschaert, Sergey Morozov, Paul R. Algra, 2019-01-29 This book provides a thorough overview of the ongoing evolution in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) within healthcare and radiology, enabling readers to gain a deeper insight into the technological background of AI and the impacts of new and emerging technologies on medical imaging. After an introduction on game changers in radiology, such as deep learning technology, the technological evolution of AI in computing science and medical image computing is described, with explanation of basic principles and the types and subtypes of AI. Subsequent sections address the use of imaging biomarkers, the development and validation of AI applications, and various aspects and issues relating to the growing role of big data in radiology. Diverse real-life clinical applications of AI are then outlined for different body parts, demonstrating their ability to add value to daily radiology practices. The concluding section focuses on the impact of AI on radiology and the implications for radiologists, for example with respect to training. Written by radiologists and IT professionals, the book will be of high value for radiologists, medical/clinical physicists, IT specialists, and imaging informatics professionals. |
| advances in mri technology: Quantum Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostics of Human Brain Disorders Madan M Kaila, Rakhi Kaila, 2010-06-21 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used to visualize detailed internal structure of the body. This book discusses the recent developments in the field of MRI and its application to the diagnosis of human brain disorders. In addition, it reviews the newly emerging concepts and technology, based on the multi-coherence imaging (MQCI). It explains how computer packages can be used to generate images in diseased states and compare them to in vivo results. This will help improve the diagnosis of brain disorders based on the real-time events happening on atomic and molecular quantum levels. This is important since quantum-based MRI would enable clinicians to detect brain tumors at the very early stages. - Uses practical examples to explain the techniques - making it easier to understand the concepts - Uses diagrams to explain the physics behind the technique - avoiding the use of complicated mathematical formulae |
| advances in mri technology: Handbook of MRI Technique Catherine Westbrook, 2021-10-07 HANDBOOK OF MRI TECHNIQUE FIFTH EDITION Distinguished educator Catherine Westbrook delivers a comprehensive and intuitive resource for radiologic technologists in this newly revised Fifth Edition of the Handbook of MRI Technique. With a heavy emphasis on protocol optimisation and patient care, the book guides the uninitiated through scanning techniques and assists more experienced technologists with image quality improvement. The new edition includes up-to-date scanning techniques and an additional chapter on paediatric imaging. The latest regulations on MRI safety are referenced and there are expanded sections on slice prescription criteria. The book also includes the contributions of several clinical experts, walking readers through key theoretical concepts, discussing practical tips on cardiac gating, equipment use, patient care, MRI safety, and contrast media. Step-by-step instruction is provided on scanning each anatomical area, complete with patient positioning and image quality optimisation techniques. The book includes: A thorough introduction to the concepts of parameters and trade-offs, as well as pulse sequences, flow phenomena, and artefacts Comprehensive explorations of cardiac gating and respiratory compensation techniques, patient care and safety, contrast agents, and slice prescription criteria Practical discussions of a wide variety of examination areas, including the head and neck, spine, chest, abdomen, pelvis, the upper and lower limbs, and paediatric imaging A companion website with self-assessment questions and image flashcards Perfect for radiography students and newly qualified practitioners, as well as practitioners preparing for MRI-based certification and examination, the Handbook of MRI Technique will also prove to be an invaluable addition to the libraries of students in biomedical engineering technology and radiology residents. |
| advances in mri technology: Diffusion MRI Heidi Johansen-Berg, Timothy E.J. Behrens, 2013-11-04 Diffusion MRI remains the most comprehensive reference for understanding this rapidly evolving and powerful technology and is an essential handbook for designing, analyzing, and interpreting diffusion MR experiments. Diffusion imaging provides a unique window on human brain anatomy. This non-invasive technique continues to grow in popularity as a way to study brain pathways that could never before be investigated in vivo. This book covers the fundamental theory of diffusion imaging, discusses its most promising applications to basic and clinical neuroscience, and introduces cutting-edge methodological developments that will shape the field in coming years. Written by leading experts in the field, it places the exciting new results emerging from diffusion imaging in the context of classical anatomical techniques to show where diffusion studies might offer unique insights and where potential limitations lie. - Fully revised and updated edition of the first comprehensive reference on a powerful technique in brain imaging - Covers all aspects of a diffusion MRI study from acquisition through analysis to interpretation, and from fundamental theory to cutting-edge developments - New chapters covering connectomics, advanced diffusion acquisition, artifact removal, and applications to the neonatal brain - Provides practical advice on running an experiment - Includes discussion of applications in psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, and basic neuroscience - Full color throughout |
| advances in mri technology: Ultrasound Imaging Joao Miguel Sanches, Andrew F. Laine, Jasjit S. Suri, 2011-12-15 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasound has recently taken an explosive growth for better safer, economic, mobile and high quality healthcare. This technology is very appealing for medical applications because it is non-ionizing, non-invasive and it is available in most of the medical and clinical facilities. Its low cost, when compared with other medical image modalities, makes it one of the preferred tools for medical monitoring, follow-up and diagnosis. Besides the traditional fields of Cardiology and Obstetrics, where it is extensively used for long time, it has became also very useful in the diagnosis of diseases of the prostate, liver and coronaries and carotids atherosclerosis. However, Ultrasound images present poor quality, very low signal to noise ratio and a lot of artifacts. The extraction of useful information from Ultrasound data for diagnosis is a challenge task that makes this medical image modality a very active field of research. The difficulties are being overcome and novel and advanced methods are being proposed for detection, characterization and segmentation of abnormalities in several organs. In fact, Ultrasound application range is vast, covering almost all organs of the human body, including the brain where Tran-cranial Doppler Ultrasound is very important to assess the brain vasculature. This book presents some of the recent advances in Ultrasound imaging technology covering several organs and techniques in a Biomedical Engineering (BME) perspective. The focus of the book is in the algorithms, methodologies and systems developed by multidisciplinary research teams of engineers and physicians for Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) purposes. Cardiovascular and Cancer, the most common life-threatening diseases in western countries, are two of the most important topics focused in the book. However, other advanced issues are also presented such as Intravascular Ultrasound, 3D US and Ultrasound in Computer-Aided Surgery (CAS). Some chapters are direct contributions from medical research groups where Ultrasound has also received great attention in the last decade. By this, new techniques based on Ultrasound were introduced in the clinical practice for diagnosis and therapeutics, mainly in hospital facilities. |
| advances in mri technology: Medical Imaging Troy Farncombe, Kris Iniewski, 2017-12-19 The book has two intentions. First, it assembles the latest research in the field of medical imaging technology in one place. Detailed descriptions of current state-of-the-art medical imaging systems (comprised of x-ray CT, MRI, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine) and data processing techniques are discussed. Information is provided that will give interested engineers and scientists a solid foundation from which to build with additional resources. Secondly, it exposes the reader to myriad applications that medical imaging technology has enabled. |
| advances in mri technology: Current Techniques in Canine and Feline Neurosurgery Andy Shores, Brigitte A. Brisson, 2017-08-31 Current Techniques in Canine and Feline Neurosurgery offers state-of-the-art, detailed guidance on performing neurosurgical techniques in dogs and cats, from indications and surgical anatomy to procedures and post-operative care. Presents an up-to-date, detailed reference on veterinary neurosurgery techniques, covering skills ranging from basic to advanced Provides guidance on why, when, and how to perform neurosurgical procedures Includes information on diagnostic evaluation, surgical planning, and instrumentation as well as step-by-step descriptions of specific procedures Copublished with the American College of Veterinary Surgeons Foundation and American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Offers video clips on a companion website |
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