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# Achievement Motive in Psychology: A Deep Dive into the Drive to Succeed
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, Ph.D. (Professor of Psychology, specializing in Motivation and Performance at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Reed has over 20 years of experience researching achievement motivation, with a particular focus on its cultural and developmental aspects. She is the author of several influential books on the subject, including "The Evolving Landscape of Achievement Motivation" and "Achievement Motivation in the Digital Age.")
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP) – A globally renowned academic publisher with a long-standing history of publishing high-quality research in psychology and related fields. Their reputation for rigorous peer-review processes ensures the publication of accurate and impactful scholarly work.
Editor: Dr. David Miller, Ph.D. (Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Stanford University and a leading expert in social and personality psychology. Dr. Miller’s extensive experience in editing academic journals and books adds significant credibility to this article.)
Historical Context of Achievement Motive in Psychology
The concept of achievement motive in psychology has a rich history, tracing back to the early 20th century. Early work by Alfred Adler emphasized the importance of striving for superiority as a fundamental human drive. However, the formal study of achievement motivation gained significant traction with the work of Henry Murray, who introduced the concept of "need for achievement" (nAch) in the 1930s. Murray defined nAch as the desire to excel, to overcome obstacles, and to strive for success. He developed the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) as a projective measure to assess individual differences in nAch.
David McClelland, building upon Murray's work, further refined the understanding of achievement motive in psychology. He developed more objective scoring systems for the TAT and extensively studied the relationship between nAch and economic development. His research suggested a strong correlation between high levels of nAch in a society and economic growth. McClelland’s work popularized the concept of achievement motivation and its potential for impacting individual and societal progress.
Current Relevance of Achievement Motive in Psychology
While originating decades ago, the study of achievement motive in psychology remains highly relevant today. Its importance transcends simple academic curiosity; understanding achievement motivation has crucial implications across various domains:
1. Educational Psychology:
Understanding the achievement motive is critical in educational settings. Teachers can use this knowledge to tailor their teaching methods to foster a growth mindset and motivate students to achieve their full potential. By understanding individual differences in achievement motivation, educators can create learning environments that cater to diverse needs.
2. Organizational Psychology:
In the workplace, understanding achievement motive in psychology is vital for effective leadership and employee management. High-achieving individuals often demonstrate strong work ethics, resilience, and a proactive approach to challenges. Organizations can leverage this understanding to build high-performing teams and foster a culture of innovation.
3. Sports Psychology:
The study of achievement motivation is essential in sports psychology. Athletes with high nAch typically exhibit greater perseverance, resilience, and a strong focus on goal attainment. Coaches can utilize this knowledge to enhance athletes' training regimens and psychological preparation for competitions.
4. Clinical Psychology:
In clinical settings, understanding the achievement motive can be valuable in treating various psychological disorders. For instance, low achievement motivation may be associated with depression and anxiety. Therapists can use this understanding to design interventions that address underlying motivational deficits.
Measurement of Achievement Motivation
Several methods are used to assess achievement motive in psychology. The TAT remains a widely used projective measure, although its interpretation can be subjective. More objective measures, such as self-report questionnaires, are also available, providing a more standardized and quantifiable assessment of achievement motivation. These questionnaires often include items related to goal setting, persistence in the face of obstacles, and the preference for challenging tasks.
Cultural Influences on Achievement Motivation
The expression and manifestation of achievement motive in psychology are significantly influenced by cultural factors. Individualistic cultures, which emphasize personal achievement and independence, tend to foster higher levels of nAch than collectivistic cultures, which prioritize group harmony and interdependence. However, recent research highlights the complexities of this relationship, suggesting that achievement motivation can manifest differently across cultures, depending on the specific goals and values emphasized within each culture.
The Future of Achievement Motive Research
Future research on achievement motive in psychology is likely to focus on several key areas:
The role of technology: How technology impacts achievement motivation and the development of new tools and strategies to enhance it.
Neuroscience: Investigating the neural correlates of achievement motivation and the brain regions involved in goal-directed behavior.
Developmental perspectives: Understanding how achievement motivation changes across the lifespan and the factors that contribute to its development.
Cross-cultural studies: Further exploring the nuances of achievement motivation across diverse cultures and societies.
Conclusion
The study of achievement motive in psychology offers valuable insights into the human drive to succeed. From its historical roots in the work of Murray and McClelland to its current applications across diverse fields, understanding achievement motivation remains essential for fostering personal growth, organizational effectiveness, and societal progress. Continued research in this area promises to deepen our understanding of this fundamental human characteristic and its impact on individual and collective well-being.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between achievement motivation and ambition? While closely related, ambition often refers to a broader desire for power or status, while achievement motivation specifically focuses on the drive to excel and master tasks.
2. Can achievement motivation be learned? Yes, achievement motivation can be nurtured and developed through various strategies, including goal setting, providing challenging tasks, and positive reinforcement.
3. Is high achievement motivation always positive? While generally beneficial, excessively high achievement motivation can lead to perfectionism, burnout, and anxiety.
4. How can I improve my achievement motivation? Techniques like setting SMART goals, seeking feedback, celebrating successes, and building self-efficacy can boost achievement motivation.
5. What are the downsides of low achievement motivation? Low achievement motivation can lead to procrastination, lack of ambition, and difficulty reaching personal and professional goals.
6. How does achievement motivation relate to self-esteem? High achievement motivation can positively contribute to self-esteem, providing a sense of accomplishment and competence.
7. Is achievement motivation innate or learned? Both nature and nurture play a role. Genetic predispositions interact with environmental factors to shape individual differences in achievement motivation.
8. How can parents foster achievement motivation in their children? Providing supportive and challenging environments, celebrating effort, and focusing on mastery rather than grades are crucial.
9. Can achievement motivation be measured accurately? While no single measure is perfect, a combination of self-report questionnaires and projective techniques can provide a reasonably comprehensive assessment.
Related Articles
1. "Need for Achievement and Entrepreneurial Success": Explores the correlation between high nAch and the likelihood of entrepreneurial success.
2. "The Impact of Achievement Goals on Student Motivation": Investigates the influence of different achievement goals (mastery vs. performance) on student motivation and learning outcomes.
3. "Cultural Variations in Achievement Motivation": Compares and contrasts achievement motivation across different cultures, highlighting cultural influences on its expression.
4. "The Role of Self-Efficacy in Achievement Motivation": Examines the relationship between self-belief and the drive to achieve.
5. "Achievement Motivation and Resilience: A Synergistic Relationship": Explores how achievement motivation contributes to resilience in the face of setbacks.
6. "The Neuroscience of Achievement Motivation": Investigates the brain regions and neural pathways involved in goal-directed behavior.
7. "Achievement Motivation and the Development of Grit": Explores the link between achievement motivation and the development of perseverance and passion for long-term goals.
8. "The Dark Side of Achievement Motivation: Perfectionism and Burnout": Discusses the potential negative consequences of excessive achievement striving.
9. "Intervention Strategies for Enhancing Achievement Motivation in Underachieving Students": Provides practical strategies for educators and therapists to help students who struggle with motivation.
| achievement motive in psychology: Development of Achievement Motivation Allan Wigfield, Jacquelynne S. Eccles, 2002-02 This book discusses research and theory on how motivation changes as children progress through school, gender differences in motivation, and motivational differences as an aspect of ethnicity. Motivation is discussed within the context of school achievement as well as athletic and musical performance. Key Features * Coverage of the major theories and constructs in the motivation field * Focus on developmental issues across the elementary and secondary school period * Discussion of instructional and theoretical issues regarding motivation * Consideration of gender and ethnic differences in motivation |
| achievement motive in psychology: Achievement and Achievement Motives Janet T. Spence, 1983 |
| achievement motive in psychology: The Achievement Motive David C. McClelland, 2015-06-12 2015 Reprint of 1953 Edition. Full Facsimile of the original edition. Not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. This book makes three discrete contributions to the theory of motivation. The first contribution is a theory of motivation; the second large section carefully describes the measurement of the achievement motive through content-analysis of imaginations stories; the rest of the book summarizes a number of experiments with the achievement motive as the dependent variable. McClelland is chiefly known for his work on achievement motivation, but his research interests extended to personality and consciousness. David McClelland pioneered workplace motivational thinking, developing achievement-based motivational theory and models, and promoted improvements in employee assessment methods, advocating competency-based assessments and tests, arguing them to be better than traditional IQ and personality-based tests. His ideas have since been widely adopted in many organizations, and relate closely to the theory of Frederick Herzberg. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior Mark R. Leary, Rick H. Hoyle, 2013-12-17 How do individual differences interact with situational factors to shape social behavior? Are people with certain traits more likely to form lasting marriages; experience test-taking anxiety; break the law; feel optimistic about the future? This handbook provides a comprehensive, authoritative examination of the full range of personality variables associated with interpersonal judgment, behavior, and emotion. The contributors are acknowledged experts who have conducted influential research on the constructs they address. Chapters discuss how each personality attribute is conceptualized and assessed, review the strengths and limitations of available measures (including child and adolescent measures, when available), present important findings related to social behavior, and identify directions for future study. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development Sam Goldstein, Jack A. Naglieri, 2010-11-23 This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Achievement and Motivation Ann K. Boggiano, Thane S. Pittman, 1992 Achievement and Motivation was originally published in 1993. It provides a comprehensive review of research conducted on the topic in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Most particularly, it focuses on the research of those in the field who tackle the issue from a social-developmental perspective. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Personality, Motivation, and Achievement John William Atkinson, Joel O. Raynor, 1978 |
| achievement motive in psychology: The Achieving Society Prof. David C. McClelland, 2016-11-11 Harvard University Professor David C. McClelland is chiefly known for his work on achievement motivation, but his research interests extended to personality and consciousness. He pioneered workplace motivational thinking, developing achievement-based motivational theory and models, and promoted improvements in employee assessment methods, advocating competency-based assessments and tests, arguing them to be better than traditional IQ and personality-based tests. His ideas have since been widely adopted in many organisations, and relate closely to the theory of Frederick Herzberg. He is most noted for describing three types of motivational need, which he identified in this book, The Achieving Society: 1. achievement motivation (n-ach), 2. authority/power motivation (n-pow), 3. affiliation motivation (n-affil). First published in 1961, his classic book provides a factual basis for evaluating economic, historical, and sociological theories that explain the rise and fall of civilizations. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Achievement Motivation Fyans, 2013-06-29 This book started as a symposium on Achievement Motiva tion at the 1978 American Educational Research Association Convention. The participants in that symposium were Jack Atkinson, Martin Maehr, Dick De Charms, Joel Raynor, and Dave Hunt. The subsequent response to that symposium indicated a coming of age for motivation theory in terms of education. Soon afterward, at a Motivation in Education Conference at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, it became apparent that due to this emergence of motivation what was needed was a comprehensive perspective as to the state of the art of achievement theory. Achievement theory had by now well surpassed its beginnings in the 1950s and 1960s and was ready for a composite presentation and profile of the recent research and theories of motivation. Thus, this volume was born. I would like to take this opportunity to thank each contribu tor to this book as well as Robert L. Linn who critically reviewed several of the manuscripts. Thanks are also due to my former graduate advisors, Martin L. Maehr, Maurice Tatsuoka, and Harry Triandis, for the viewpoints given me in graduate school education which I hope have benefitted this under taking. Joyce Fitch did a splendid joh typing many of these chapters and special gratitude should be given to Judy Cadle of Professional Services, Inc. for the composition and proofing of this book. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Implicit Motives Oliver Schultheiss, Joachim Brunstein, 2010-02-18 - How do unconscious motivational needs (i.e., implicit motives) influence physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses to incentives? - How can implicit motives be measured? - How are they shaped by culture, how do they influence political and societal processes? - Why are they often mismatched with the explicit beliefs people have about their motivational needs and what are the consequences of such mismatches? - How can we use knowledge about implicit motives in clinical, business, and school contexts to help people achieve their goals? These are some of the topics this comprehensive book presents in 18 clearly written chapters, contributed by leading authorities in the field. It represents a state-of-the-art reference for all researchers and practitioners interested in human motivation. Bringing together exciting new research on a central topic in human motivation, this volume is an important addition to the libraries of personality, social, and cognitive psychologists, affective and social neuroscientists, clinical psychologists, as well as graduate students in these fields and practitioners. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Motivation and Personality Charles P. Smith, 1992-06-26 Sample Text |
| achievement motive in psychology: Human Motivation David C. McClelland, 1988-01-29 Human Motivation, originally published in 1987, offers a broad overview of theory and research from the perspective of a distinguished psychologist whose creative empirical studies of human motives span forty years. David McClelland describes methods for measuring motives, the development of motives out of natural incentives and the relationship of motives to emotions, to values and to performance under a variety of conditions. He examines four major motive systems - achievement, power, affiliation and avoidance - reviewing and evaluating research on how these motive systems affect behaviour. Scientific understanding of motives and their interaction, he argues, contributes to understanding of such diverse and important phenomena as the rise and fall of civilisations, the underlying causes of war, the rate of economic development, the nature of leadership, the reasons for authoritarian or democratic governing styles, the determinants of success in management and the factors responsible for health and illness. Students and instructors alike will find this book an exciting and readable presentation of the psychology of human motivation. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation Eleanor H. Simpson, Peter D. Balsam, 2016-05-11 This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders. |
| achievement motive in psychology: The Achievement Motive David Clarence McClelland, 1975 |
| achievement motive in psychology: Complex Problem Solving Peter A. Frensch, Joachim Funke, 2014-04-04 This volume presents a state-of-the-science review of the most promising current European research -- and its historic roots of research -- on complex problem solving (CPS) in Europe. It is an attempt to close the knowledge gap among American scholars regarding the European approach to understanding CPS. Although most of the American researchers are well aware of the fact that CPS has been a very active research area in Europe for quite some time, they do not know any specifics about even the most important research. Part of the reason for this lack of knowledge is undoubtedly the fact that European researchers -- for the most part -- have been rather reluctant to publish their work in English-language journals. The book concentrates on European research because the basic approach European scholars have taken to studying CPS is very different from one taken by North American researchers. Traditionally, American scholars have been studying CPS in natural domains -- physics, reading, writing, and chess playing -- concentrating primarily on exploring novice-expert differences and the acquisition of a complex skill. European scholars, in contrast, have been primarily concerned with problem solving behavior in artificially generated, mostly computerized, complex systems. While the American approach has the advantage of high external validity, the European approach has the advantage of system variables that can be systematically manipulated to reveal the effects of system parameters on CPS behavior. The two approaches are thus best viewed as complementing each other. This volume contains contributions from four European countries -- Sweden, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Germany. As such, it accurately represents the bulk of empirical research on CPS which has been conducted in Europe. An international cooperation started two years ago with the goal of bringing the European research on complex problem solving to the awareness of American scholars. A direct result of that effort, the contributions to this book are both informative and comprehensive. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Motivation, Intention, and Volition Frank Halisch, Julius Kuhl, 2012-12-06 In Honor of Professor Dr.Dr. h.c. Heinz Heinzhausen's 60th Birthday |
| achievement motive in psychology: The Anatomy of Achievement Motivation Heinz Heckhausen, 1967 |
| achievement motive in psychology: Developing Achievement Motivation in Adolescents Alfred S. Alschuler, 1973 |
| achievement motive in psychology: Human Motivation Bernard Weiner, 2013-06-17 Weiner introduces -- and offers his own motivation for producing - - this most impressive work with the following: There are two distinct approaches to the study of motivation. One stratagem is a product of academic, experimental procedures, while the second is an outgrowth of clinical, non-experimental methods. Each of the approaches has unique advantages and disadvantages. But all investigators in this field are guided by a single basic question, namely, Why do organisms think and behave as they do? To help answer that basic question, Human Motivation presents an entire range of motivation studies -- from psychoanalytic, social learning and humanistic theory; to social facilitation, arousal, emotions, personal responsibility, and the irrationality of attributions; through chapterand verse of Hullian and Lewinian theory. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Frontiers of Motivational Psychology Donald R. Brown, Joseph Veroff, 2012-12-06 |
| achievement motive in psychology: Trends and Prospects in Motivation Research Anastasia Efklides, J. Kuhl, R.M. Sorrentino, 2007-05-08 This book presents up-to-date basic research in motivation and self-regulation and an overview of the field, with particular emphasis on issues such as change of motivation, effects of context and culture on motivation, relations of cognition and affect in motivation and self-regulation, and motivation in school, in sports, and in the aged. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Achievement Motive David C. McClelland, 1940-01 |
| achievement motive in psychology: Decade Ahead Stuart Karabenick, Tim Urdan, 2010-06-23 Includes chapters which examine the associations between motivation and other constructs, such as emotion and self-regulation. This title also features chapters that examine sociocultural approaches to the study of motivation, the motivation of African American students and teachers' motivation, and the policy implications of motivation research. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Power Is the Great Motivator David C. McClelland, David H. Burnham, 2008-08-04 In this provocative exploration into the nature and value of power in organizations, authors David McClelland and David Burnham reveal how the drive for influence is essential to good management. The authors provide a wealth of counterintuitive insights about what using power really means in today's business landscape. Power Is the Great Motivator is a must-read for all managers seeking to foster high morale and a strong sense of responsibility and commitment in their workforce. Since 1922, Harvard Business Review has been a leading source of breakthrough ideas in management practice. The Harvard Business Review Classics series now offers you the opportunity to make these seminal pieces a part of your permanent management library. Each highly readable volume contains a groundbreaking idea that continues to shape best practices and inspire countless managers around the world. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Motivation and Achievement John William Atkinson, Joel O. Raynor, 1974 For undergraduate and graduate students in psychology, education, business administration and others. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Personality, Motivation, and Action John William Atkinson, 1983 |
| achievement motive in psychology: Emotion in Education , 2011-04-28 This edited book examines some of the current inquiry related to the study of emotions in educational contexts. There has been a notable increased interest in educational research on emotions. Emotion in Education represents some of the most exciting and current research on emotions and education, and has the potential to impact research in this area. This combination of variety, timeliness, potential for transformation of the field, and uniqueness make this a must-have resource for academics in the fields of education, educational psychology, emotion psychology, cultural psychology, sociology, and teacher education. The chapters have been written for scholars in the area, but authors also wrote with graduate students in mind. Therefore, the book is also be a great volume for graduate seminars. - Provides in-depth examination of emotions in educational contexts - Includes international roster of contributors who represent a variety of disciplines - Represents a number of different research approaches |
| achievement motive in psychology: Drive Daniel H. Pink, 2011-04-05 The New York Times bestseller that gives readers a paradigm-shattering new way to think about motivation from the author of When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing Most people believe that the best way to motivate is with rewards like money—the carrot-and-stick approach. That's a mistake, says Daniel H. Pink (author of To Sell Is Human: The Surprising Truth About Motivating Others). In this provocative and persuasive new book, he asserts that the secret to high performance and satisfaction-at work, at school, and at home—is the deeply human need to direct our own lives, to learn and create new things, and to do better by ourselves and our world. Drawing on four decades of scientific research on human motivation, Pink exposes the mismatch between what science knows and what business does—and how that affects every aspect of life. He examines the three elements of true motivation—autonomy, mastery, and purpose-and offers smart and surprising techniques for putting these into action in a unique book that will change how we think and transform how we live. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Issues in the Psychology of Motivation Paula R. Zelick, 2007 In psychology, motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behaviour. Motivation is a temporal and dynamic state that should not be confused with personality or emotion. Motivation is having the desire and willingness to do something. This book presents research in this field. |
| achievement motive in psychology: General Theory Of Employment , Interest And Money John Maynard Keynes, 2016-04 John Maynard Keynes is the great British economist of the twentieth century whose hugely influential work The General Theory of Employment, Interest and * is undoubtedly the century's most important book on economics--strongly influencing economic theory and practice, particularly with regard to the role of government in stimulating and regulating a nation's economic life. Keynes's work has undergone significant revaluation in recent years, and Keynesian views which have been widely defended for so long are now perceived as at odds with Keynes's own thinking. Recent scholarship and research has demonstrated considerable rivalry and controversy concerning the proper interpretation of Keynes's works, such that recourse to the original text is all the more important. Although considered by a few critics that the sentence structures of the book are quite incomprehensible and almost unbearable to read, the book is an essential reading for all those who desire a basic education in economics. The key to understanding Keynes is the notion that at particular times in the business cycle, an economy can become over-productive (or under-consumptive) and thus, a vicious spiral is begun that results in massive layoffs and cuts in production as businesses attempt to equilibrate aggregate supply and demand. Thus, full employment is only one of many or multiple macro equilibria. If an economy reaches an underemployment equilibrium, something is necessary to boost or stimulate demand to produce full employment. This something could be business investment but because of the logic and individualist nature of investment decisions, it is unlikely to rapidly restore full employment. Keynes logically seizes upon the public budget and government expenditures as the quickest way to restore full employment. Borrowing the * to finance the deficit from private households and businesses is a quick, direct way to restore full employment while at the same time, redirecting or siphoning |
| achievement motive in psychology: Intrinsic Motivation Edward L. Deci, 2012-12-06 As I begin to write this Preface, I feel a rush of excitement. I have now finished the book; my gestalt is coming into completion. Throughout the months that I have been writing this, I have, indeed, been intrinsically motivated. Now that it is finished I feel quite competent and self-determining (see Chapter 2). Whether or not those who read the book will perceive me that way is also a concern of mine (an extrinsic one), but it is a wholly separate issue from the intrinsic rewards I have been experiencing. This book presents a theoretical perspective. It reviews an enormous amount of research which establishes unequivocally that intrinsic motivation exists. Also considered herein are various approaches to the conceptualizing of intrinsic motivation. The book concentrates on the approach which has developed out of the work of Robert White (1959), namely, that intrinsically motivated behaviors are ones which a person engages in so that he may feel competent and self-determining in relation to his environment. The book then considers the development of intrinsic motiva tion, how behaviors are motivated intrinsically, how they relate to and how intrinsic motivation is extrinsically motivated behaviors, affected by extrinsic rewards and controls. It also considers how changes in intrinsic motivation relate to changes in attitudes, how people attribute motivation to each other, how the attribution process is motivated, and how the process of perceiving motivation (and other internal states) in oneself relates to perceiving them in others. |
| achievement motive in psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation Richard M. Ryan, 2013-12-15 Motivation is that which moves us to action. Human motivation is thus a complex issue, as people are moved to action by both their evolved natures and by myriad familial, social and cultural influences. The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation collects the top theorists and researchers of human motivation into a single volume, capturing the current state-of-the-art in this fast developing field. The book includes theoretical overviews from some of the best-known thinkers in this area, including chapters on Social Learning Theory, Control Theory, Self-determination theory, Terror Management theory, and the Promotion and Prevention perspective. Topical chapters appear on phenomena such as ego-depletion, flow, curiosity, implicit motives, and personal interests. A section specifically highlights goal research, including chapters on goal regulation, achievement goals, the dynamics of choice, unconscious goals and process versus outcome focus. Still other chapters focus on evolutionary and biological underpinnings of motivation, including chapters on cardiovascular dynamics, mood, and neuropsychology. Finally, chapters bring motivation down to earth in reviewing its impact within relationships, and in applied areas such as psychotherapy, work, education, sport, and physical activity. By providing reviews of the most advanced work by the very best scholars in this field, The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation represents an invaluable resource for both researchers and practitioners, as well as any student of human nature. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Motivation: Theory and Research Harold F. O'Neil, Michael Drillings, 2012-12-06 Designed for professionals and graduate students in the personality/social, military, and educational psychology, and assessment/evaluation communities, this volume explores the state of the art in motivational research for individuals and teams from multiple theoretical viewpoints as well as their effects in both schools and training environments. The great majority of education and training R&D is focused on the cognitive dimensions of learning, for instance, the acquisition and retention of knowledge and skills. Less attention has been given in the literature and in the design of education and training itself to motivational variables and their influence on performance. As such, this book is unique in the following montage of factors: * a focus on motivation of teams or groups as well as individuals; * an examination of the impact of motivation on performance (and, thus, also on cognition) rather than only on motivation itself; * research in training as well as educational settings. The data reported were collected in various venues including schools, laboratories and field settings. The chapter authors are the researchers that, in many cases, have defined the state of the art in motivation. |
| achievement motive in psychology: An Achievement Motivation and Academic Anxiety of School Going Students Dr. Gangaben Patel, 2016-06-15 The world is becoming more and more competitive. Quality of performance has become the key factor for personal progress. Parents desire that their children climb the ladder of performance to as high a level as possible. This desire for a high level of achievement puts a lot of pressure on students, teachers, and schools and in general the education system itself. In fact, it appears as if the whole system of education revolves round the academic achievement of students, though various other outcomes are also expected from the system. Thus a lot of time and effort of the schools are used for helping students to achieve better in their scholastic endeavors. The importance of scholastic and academic achievement has raised important questions for educational researchers. What factors promote achievement in students? How far do the different factors contribute towards academic achievement? (Ramaswamy, 1990). |
| achievement motive in psychology: Handbook of Competence and Motivation, First Edition Andrew J. Elliot, Carol S. Dweck, 2013-10-15 This important handbook provides a comprehensive, authoritative review of achievement motivation and establishes the concept of competence as an organizing framework for the field. The editors synthesize diverse perspectives on why and how individuals are motivated in school, work, sports, and other settings. Written by leading investigators, chapters reexamine central constructs in achievement motivation; explore the impact of developmental, contextual, and sociocultural factors; and analyze the role of self-regulatory processes. Focusing on the ways in which achievement is motivated by the desire to experience competence and avoid experiencing incompetence, the volume integrates disparate theories and findings and sets forth a coherent agenda for future research. |
| achievement motive in psychology: How People Learn II National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on How People Learn II: The Science and Practice of Learning, 2018-09-27 There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy. In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom. Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults. |
| achievement motive in psychology: Sociocultural Origins of Achievement Martin L. Maehr, 1974 |
| achievement motive in psychology: Social Motivation Joseph P. Forgas, Kipling D. Williams, Simon M. Laham, 2005 Sample Text |
| achievement motive in psychology: Achievement Motivation and Attribution Theory Bernard Weiner, 1974 |
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Apr 27, 2025 · How to unlock the Perfect Flow achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33: With Lune, consume Stains 4 turns in a row. This achievement is worth 10 Gamerscore.
Aiding the Enemy achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33
Apr 30, 2025 · How to unlock the Aiding the Enemy achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33: Finish all of the Nevron quests. This achievement is worth 25 Gamerscore.
Player one achievement in Retro Classics
May 21, 2025 · How to unlock the Player one achievement in Retro Classics: Win a Vs game challenge. This achievement is worth 50 Gamerscore.
Follow The Trail achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33
Apr 29, 2025 · How to unlock the Follow The Trail achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33: Find all of the journals from prior expeditions
Xbox Achievements and News from TrueAchievements - the …
Earn 5+ achievements with the letters "H", "O", "T" in order in the achievement or game name. The letters do not have to appear consecutively 5,059 participants
TrueAchievements - Xbox Achievement Tracking
TrueAchievements is the home of Xbox achievements for Xbox Series X, Xbox One and all other Xbox platforms. News, guides, leaderboards, reviews and more.
The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion Remastered Achievements
Apr 22, 2025 · Here is the full list of all 60 The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion Remastered achievements worth 1,000 gamerscore.
Retro Classics Achievements | TrueAchievements
May 21, 2025 · Here is the full list of all 13 Retro Classics achievements worth 1,000 gamerscore.
Blue Prince Achievements | TrueAchievements
Full list of all 16 Blue Prince achievements worth 1,000 gamerscore. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Xbox Series X|S.
Clair Obscur: Expedition 33 Achievements | TrueAchievements
Here is the full list of all 55 Clair Obscur: Expedition 33 achievements worth 1,000 gamerscore.
Perfect Flow achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33
Apr 27, 2025 · How to unlock the Perfect Flow achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33: With Lune, consume Stains 4 turns in a row. This achievement is worth 10 Gamerscore.
Aiding the Enemy achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33
Apr 30, 2025 · How to unlock the Aiding the Enemy achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33: Finish all of the Nevron quests. This achievement is worth 25 Gamerscore.
Player one achievement in Retro Classics
May 21, 2025 · How to unlock the Player one achievement in Retro Classics: Win a Vs game challenge. This achievement is worth 50 Gamerscore.
Follow The Trail achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33
Apr 29, 2025 · How to unlock the Follow The Trail achievement in Clair Obscur: Expedition 33: Find all of the journals from prior expeditions
Xbox Achievements and News from TrueAchievements - the …
Earn 5+ achievements with the letters "H", "O", "T" in order in the achievement or game name. The letters do not have to appear consecutively 5,059 participants
TrueAchievements - Xbox Achievement Tracking
TrueAchievements is the home of Xbox achievements for Xbox Series X, Xbox One and all other Xbox platforms. News, guides, leaderboards, reviews and more.
