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| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Perinatal Women in Guyana Debbie Vitalis, 2021-09-02 The book documents the history of the prevention-of-mother-to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program in Guyana, as well as the impact of HIV on pregnant and postpartum women’s adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The book shows research work by reviewing the literature to investigate relevant adherence studies, presenting in-depth interviews on adherence perspectives of clinic patients and healthcare providers, and a cross-sectional descriptive study of pregnant women that investigated general adherence to pregnancy-related behaviours and ART, and the efficacy of a theoretical model (Health Belief Model) to understand and predict ART adherence within this group. Author discusses the factors affecting ART adherence among pregnant and postpartum women, since existing studies may not account for cultural and other local variations. The findings provide insight into the local situation, and will also inform policy and practice in Guyana, and the wider Caribbean Community (CARICOM). |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: From Access to Adherence Anita Hardon, Sheila Davey, Trudy Gerrits, World Health Organization, 2006-01-01 As access to antrietroviral medicines (ARVs) becomes assured, the world needs to place equal effort in ensuring that every antiretroviral therapy (ART) patient receives adequate adherence support. Adherence, the extent to which patients follow the instructions they are given for prescribed treatments, is important, as only through uninterrupted treatment are patients likely to receive sufficient medicine and prevent the generation of drug-resistance. The authors of this book report on the experiences from successful treatment programmes in three countries in sub-Saharan Africa at the forefront of the roll-out of ARVs. The voices of the patients, their families, community members and the health workers who care for them have been reported faithfully. They speak of the impact of ART on their daily lives and of the key challenges involved in sustaining the necessary high level of adherence to treatment. Their real life experience is valid and needs to be considered by health programme managers who are planning the expansion of ARV treatment programmes. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Nutrition and HIV Saurabh Mehta, Julia Finkelstein, 2018-05-15 The world continues to lose more than a million lives each year to the HIV epidemic, and nearly two million individuals were infected with HIV in 2017 alone. The new Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by countries of the United Nations in September 2015, include a commitment to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Considerable emphasis on prevention of new infections and treatment of those living with HIV will be needed to make this goal achievable. With nearly 37 million people now living with HIV, it is a communicable disease that behaves like a noncommunicable disease. Nutritional management is integral to comprehensive HIV care and treatment. Improved nutritional status and weight gain can increase recovery and strength of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, improve dietary diversity and caloric intake, and improve quality of life. This book highlights evidence-based research linking nutrition and HIV and identifies research gaps to inform the development of guidelines and policies for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. A comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions is likely to maximize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy in preventing HIV disease progression and other adverse outcomes in HIV-infected men and women. Modification of nutritional status has been shown to enhance the quality of life of those suffering HIV/AIDS, both physically in terms of improved body mass index and immunological markers, and psychologically, by improving symptoms of depression. While the primary focus for those infected should remain on antiretroviral treatment and increasing its availability and coverage, improvement of nutritional status plays a complementary role in the management of HIV infection. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Current Perspectives on Viral Disease Outbreaks David Claborn, 2022-01-12 The COVID-19 pandemic has reminded the world that infectious diseases are still important. The last 40 years have experienced the emergence of new or resurging viral diseases such as AIDS, ebola, MERS, SARS, Zika, and others. These diseases display diverse epidemiologies ranging from sexual transmission to vector-borne transmission (or both, in the case of Zika). This book provides an overview of recent developments in the detection, monitoring, treatment, and control of several viral diseases that have caused recent epidemics or pandemics. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Nepal , 2012 |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: HIV and AIDS in Africa Ezekiel Kalipeni, Susan Craddock, Joseph R. Oppong, Jayati Ghosh, 2003-11-21 HIV and AIDS in Africa: Beyond Epidemiology is a collection that seeks to further our understanding of AIDS by shifting the predominant understandings generated by biomedical and epidemiological research. Brings together international contributors---including often overlooked African scholars and activists---from across the social sciences to examine HIV and AIDS from angles previously unexplored. By presenting on-the-ground evidence and ethnographic cases, emphasizes that HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa is a complex and regionally specific phenomenon rooted in local economies, deepening poverty, migration, gender, war, global economies, and cultural politics. Recognizes that AIDS in Africa cannot be stemmed until social, gender, and economic inequities are addressed in meaningful ways. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Preventive Nutrition Adrianne Bendich, Richard J. Deckelbaum, 2016-01-01 This newly expanded and updated fifth edition will be the largest and most comprehensive of the five editions and new topics and chapter authors have been added. The authors have created the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the nutritional strategies available for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health through nutrition. Patients are looking for credible information from their health care providers about a whole range of subjects covered here, including ß-carotene, lycopene, antioxidants, folate, and the myriad of bioactive phytochemicals found in garlic and other foods. With sections on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and pregnancy among many others, this volume will be of great value to practicing health professionals, including physicians, nutritionists, dentists, pharmacists, dieticians, health educators, policy makers, health economists, regulatory agencies and research investigators. An entire section covers nutrition transitions around the world including Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia as well as goals for preventive nutrition in developing countries. Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals, 5th Ed. is an important resource for thousands of health professionals who have been utilizing the previous editions since 1997. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries Dean T. Jamison, Joel G. Breman, Anthony R. Measham, George Alleyne, Mariam Claeson, David B. Evans, Prabhat Jha, Anne Mills, Philip Musgrove, 2006-04-02 Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Medication Safety and Interventions to Reduce Patient Harm in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Brian Godman, Ahmed Awaisu, Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman, Hisham Aljadhey, Joseph O. Fadare, Johanna Catharina Meyer, Fahad Saleem, 2023-02-07 |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Introduction to Nepal Gilad James, PhD, Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia that is situated between India and China. It has a population of almost 30 million, and is known for its stunning natural beauty and unique cultural traditions. The country is home to some of the world's highest mountains, including Mount Everest, which attracts thousands of trekkers and climbers every year. Nepal's geography is also marked by deep river valleys, dense forests, and a variety of wildlife. Despite being one of the poorest countries in the world, Nepal has a rich cultural heritage that is reflected in its festivals, music, and art. The country's religion is predominantly Hinduism, although there is also a sizeable Buddhist minority. Visitors to Nepal can explore ancient temples, palaces, and shrines, as well as enjoy a variety of outdoor activities such as trekking, rafting, and paragliding. Nepal is also home to over a hundred different ethnic groups, each with their own distinct language and customs, making it a truly vibrant and diverse country. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Ensnared by AIDS David K. Beine, 2016-11-16 How people make sense of illness is, in part, culturally determined. Existing community beliefs and presuppositions are organized as cultural models, which “make meaning” of new situations such as the HIV/AIDS epidemic. These cultural constructions can also contribute to the spread of the epidemic. This volume examines the meaning and cultural contexts of HIV/AIDS in Nepal, where AIDS is relatively new and rapidly growing. -- David K. Beine |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection World Health Organization, 2016 These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Annual Report Nepal. Department of Health Services, 2010 |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Tackling HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination in South Asia Anne Stangl, Dara Carr, Laura Brady, Traci Eckhaus, Mariam Claeson, Laura Nyblade, 2010-07-06 Although overall HIV prevalence in South Asia is low, the widespread stigma attached to HIV and AIDS impedes efforts to reach people most in need of prevention, care, and treatment services. To address this challenge, the 2008 South Asia Region Development Marketplace partnership, led by the World Bank, launched a competitive grants program to support innovative community approaches. 'Tackling HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination in South Asia' summarizes the monitoring, evaluation, and case study data and documents successful community innovations. Twenty-six community groups in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka received funds. The initiatives involved a broad spectrum, including vulnerable groups as well as people living with HIV, the media, local government authorities, health workers, and religious leaders. The interventions used traditional cultural and media approaches to discuss taboo subjects. The reach of the initiatives was amplifi ed by involving opinion leaders. The strategies engaged marginalized groups to design and lead the interventions and to facilitate contact between groups experiencing stigma and the general public to reduce fears and misconceptions about transmission. Projects that combined economic and stigma reduction interventions helped the marginalized populations to overcome the internalized stigma and become empowered to advocate for their rights. 'Tackling HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination in South Asia' identifies effective strategies to raise awareness and reports on shifts albeit slow of attitudes, norms, and behaviors. Through its recommendations for successful interventions to reduce barriers to effective HIV prevention, care, and treatment programs, the book provides a strong foundation on which to build stigma reduction efforts in the region and world. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: HIV and AIDS: S. Kartikeyan, R.N. Bharmal, R.P. Tiwari, P.S. Bisen, 2007-04-11 HIV and Aids: Basic Elements and Priorities is a concise collection of all aspects of this disease and a source of readily available knowledge. It examines all currently advocated preventive measures such as health education, condom use, safer sex practices, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections. Coverage details strategies for prevention and control as well as the latest global information about HIV/AIDS. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) Robert Black, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Marleen Temmerman, Neff Walker, 2016-04-11 The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Antiretroviral Drugs for All? , 2006 |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Human Herpesviruses Ann Arvin, Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume, Edward Mocarski, Patrick S. Moore, Bernard Roizman, Richard Whitley, Koichi Yamanishi, 2007-08-16 This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Antiretroviral Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa Tizazu Fetene, Rahel Mesfin, 2013-05-13 The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in middle and low income countries is arguably one of the most meaningful outcomes recorded in the fight against HIV and AIDS. A record number of some 6.2 million people living with HIV and AIDS are reported to be benefiting from the treatment, which is reported to have risen by 19 per cent between 2010 and 2011 and as a result of this, the region has also enjoyed a significant decline in AIDS mortality. This volume is the outcome of the call for abstracts put out by OSSREA in 2011 for senior researchers, social scientists and practitioners to write scientific articles on issues surrounding ARVs. The volume contains eight chapters organized into four sections: ART and quality of life; Adherence to ART; Traditional medicine and ART; and Sexual behaviour of ART attendants. The chapters are contributed by Academics and researchers from three different African countries: four from Ethiopia, two from Uganda and two from Zimbabwe. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: We Miss You All Noerine Kaleeba, 2002 |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Sande's HIV/AIDS Medicine Paul Volberding, Warner Greene, Joep M. A. Lange, Joel E. Gallant, Nelson Sewankambo, 2012-04-13 Access the latest information available in the challenging area of HIV/AIDS management with Sande's HIV/AIDS Medicine, 2nd Edition. Authored by a veritable who's who of current global experts in the field, this medical reference book will provide you with all the practical, indispensable guidance you'll need to offer your patients the best possible care. Access reliable, up-to-the-minute guidance that addresses the realities of HIV/AIDS management in your geographical region, thanks to contributions from a global cast of renowned expert clinicians and researchers. Locate the clinically actionable information you need quickly with an organization that mirrors the current state of the AIDS epidemic and the different needs of Western vs. developing-world patients and clinicians. Diagnose AIDS manifestations confidently by comparing them to clinical images. Improve patient outcomes with the latest findings on the management of AIDS as a chronic illness. Efficiently review essential data through numerous at-a-glance tables. Get the most relevant information available on pediatric HIV and AIDS issues; anti-retroviral drugs, including integrase inhibitors; and the use of second- and third-line anti-retroviral drugs in resource-poor settings. Stay current on the latest actionable information, such as using antiretroviral therapy in patients with tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis; antiretroviral therapy; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (IRIS); and implementation of the HPV vaccine. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: HIV and AIDS in South Asia Markus Haacker, Mariam Claeson, 2009-01-01 This book offers an original perspective on AIDS as a development issue in South Asia, a region with a heterogeneous epidemic and estimated national HIV prevalence rates of up to 0.5 percent. The analysis challenges the common perception of HIV and AIDS which has been shaped to a large extent by analysis of HIV and AIDS in other regions with much higher prevalence rates. Three risks to development are associated with HIV and AIDS in South Asia: the risk of escalation of concentrated epidemics, the economic welfare costs, and the fiscal costs of scaling up treatment. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Ten years in public health 2007-2017 Margaret Chan, 2018-04-27 Ten years in public health 2007-2017 chronicles the evolution of global public health over the decade that Margaret Chan served as Director-General at the World Health Organization. This series of chapters evaluates successes setbacks and enduring challenges during the decade. They show what needs to be done when progress stalls or new threats emerge. The chapters show how WHO technical leadership can get multiple partners working together in tandem under coherent strategies. The importance of country leadership and community engagement is stressed repeatedly throughout the chapters. Together we have made tremendous progress. Health and life expectancy have improved nearly everywhere. Millions of lives have been saved. The number of people dying from malaria and HIV has been cut in half. WHO efforts to stop TB saved 49 million lives since the start of this century. In 2015 the number of child deaths dropped below 6 million for the first time a 50% decrease in annual deaths since 1990. Every day 19 000 fewer children die. We are able to count these numbers because of the culture of measurement and accountability instilled in WHO. These chapters tell a powerful story of global challenges and how they have been overcome. In a world facing considerable uncertainty international health development is a unifying – and uplifting – force for the good of humanity. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Healthcare Management Alan Gillies, 2024-12-10 Healthcare Management takes a look at international perspectives in healthcare management and the way regional priorities, national income, and social factors are crucial to effective healthcare services. Readers are provided the skills to address issues and solve problems as a healthcare manager by understanding and appreciating the complex interrelationships of global health provision. The book compares and contrasts different healthcare systems, examining the role of policymaking, health financing, healthcare beyond hospitals, leadership, risk management, and quality. A range of international case studies provide the opportunity to see how different theories work in practice. This comprehensive book is suitable for students and professionals undertaking healthcare management courses. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Blood Donor Counselling World Health Organization, 2016-06-24 Individuals who donate their blood provide a unique and precious gift in an act of human solidarity. In order to donate blood, prospective donors should be in good health and free from any infections that can be transmitted through transfusion. Most blood donors perceive themselves to be healthy, but some are unsuitable to donate blood due to the potential risk of compromising or worsening their own health or the risk of transmission of infections to patients. Blood transfusion services (BTS) have a duty of care towards blood donors as well as to the recipients of transfusion. This duty of care extends to prospective donors who are deferred from donation--whether on a temporary or permanent basis--as well as those who donate blood and are subsequently found to have unusual or abnormal test results. BTS have a responsibility to confirm test results and provide information, counseling and support to enable these individuals to understand and respond to unexpected information about their health or risk status. Counseling is part of the spectrum of care that a BTS should be able to provide to blood donors--including referral to medical practitioners or specialist clinical services. Pre-donation counseling was recognized as one element of the strategy to reduce and, if possible, prevent the donation of blood by individuals who might be at risk for HIV and other TTI including hepatitis B and C viruses as well as to inform the donor of the donation process and testing of blood for HIV. Post-donation counseling was acknowledged to be a necessary element of donor management as an adjunct to informing donors of unusual or abnormal test results. Blood donor counseling by trained specialist staff is now considered to be a key component of the blood system in most countries with a well-developed blood transfusion service. It may be required at a number of stages in the blood donation process or following blood screening and should be available at any point at which the BTS has an interface with donors. In many countries, however, blood donor counseling is not yet available in a structured way. Blood Donor Counselling: Implementation Guidelines has therefore been developed to provide guidance to blood transfusion services that have not yet established donor counseling programs. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Red Book Atlas of Pediatric Infectious Diseases American Academy of Pediatrics, 2007 Based on key content from Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 27th Edition, the new Red Bookr Atlas is a useful quick reference tool for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of more than 75 of the most commonly seen pediatric infectious diseases. Includes more than 500 full-color images adjacent to concise diagnostic and treatment guidelines. Essential information on each condition is presented in the precise sequence needed in the clinical setting: Clinical manifestations, Etiology, Epidemiology, Incubation period, Diagnostic tests, Treatment |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Health Care Systems Around the World Sarah E. Boslaugh, 2013-06-24 This concise reference provides a one-stop point of research that examines major aspects of health care systems for over 190 countries worldwide. In a consistent format, ten major health care categories are systematically examined for each country: 1. Emergency Health Services; 2. Costs of Hospitalization; 3. Costs of Drugs; 4. Major Health Issues; 5. Government Role in Health Care; 6. Insurance; 7. Access to Health Care; 8. Health Care Facilities; 9. Health Care Personnel (doctor level of training, etc.); and 10. Public Health Programs. The volume is organized in alphabetical order of country names. Each country is presented on a two- or three-page spread with the same descriptive and statistical content, allowing readers to compare health care systems from country to country. For example, a reader may compare costs of drugs in France versus the United States versus Canada. Each country spread will feature short entries on the ten health care categories accompanied by charts, table, and photos as appropriate. The work culminates as a unique and essential resource for pre-med and medical students, as well as researchers in sociology, economics, and the health management fields. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Hospital Formulary VA Medical Center (Albuquerque, N.M.), 1992 |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: HIV/AIDS Victor R Preedy, Ronald Ross Watson, 2017-11-21 HIV/AIDS: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants provides comprehensive coverage of oxidative stress in HIV/AIDS, focusing on both the pathological process around molecular and cellular metabolism and the complications that can arise due to nutritional imbalance. It provides a pathway for researchers and clinicians to gain an in-depth understanding of the role of oxidative stress, bridging the transdisciplinary divide between virologists, immunologists, physicians, clinical workers, food scientists and nutritionists to advance medical sciences and enable preventative treatment strategies. Very often oxidative stress is a feature of HIV/AIDs or of the treatment of HIV/AIDs. While immunologists, physicians and clinical workers understand the processes in HIV/AIDs, they may be less conversant in the science of nutrition and dietetics. Similarly, nutritionists and dietitians may be less conversant with the detailed clinical background and science of HIV/AIDs. - Offers holistic coverage of HIV/AIDS and the role of oxidative stress - Written by a leading team of international experts - Provides a roadmap to therapeutic potential and crosses the trans- tissue or transdisciplinary divides |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: National Guidelines, Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV in Nepal , 2008 |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: AIDS in Asia Jai P Narain, 2004-11-16 This volume discusses the many advances in HIV research, new initiatives and their promise for application in the Asian region. It highlights the critical need for national commitment and adequate resources, and for addressing the underlying HIV-risk related behaviours and vulnerabilities. The contributors also examine the concept of comprehensive care - from home and from the community to the institutional level - as well as providing up to date information on HIV drug and vaccine development. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Millennium Development Goals Needs Assessment for Nepal, 2010 , 2011 |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: The World Health Report 2003 World Health Organization, 2003 We have a real opportunity now to make progress that will mean longer healthier lives for millions of people. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children World Health Organization, 2013 The Pocket Book is for use by doctors nurses and other health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first level referral hospitals. This second edition is based on evidence from several WHO updated and published clinical guidelines. It is for use in both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals with basic laboratory facilities and essential medicines. In some settings these guidelines can be used in any facilities where sick children are admitted for inpatient care. The Pocket Book is one of a series of documents and tools that support the Integrated Managem. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Peer Review in Health Sciences Tom Jefferson, Fiona Godlee, 2003-09-26 This book has established itself as the authoritative text on health sciences peer review. Contributions from the world's leading figures discuss the state of peer review, question its role in the currently changing world of electronic journal publishing, and debate where it should go from here. The second edition has been thoroughly revised and new chapters added on qualitative peer review, training, consumers and innovation. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Living Well with HIV/AIDS Food And Agriculture Org. Staff, 2003 This manual, published jointly with WHO, provides home care agents and local service providers with practical recommendations for a healthy and well balanced diet for people living with HIV/AIDS. It deals with common complications encountered at different stages of infection and helps provide local solutions which emphasise using local food resources and home-based care and support. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Paths to Knowledge Barbara Sarter, 1988 |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Routledge Handbook of Global Public Health in Asia Siân M. Griffiths, Jin Ling Tang, Eng Kiong Yeoh, 2014-04-16 Global public health is of growing concern to most governments and populations, nowhere more so than in Asia, the world’s largest and most populous continent. Whilst major advances have been made in controlling infectious diseases through public health measures as well as clinical medical treatments, the world now faces other challenges including ageing populations and the epidemic crisis of obesity and non-communicable diseases. New emerging infections continue to develop and the growing threats to health due to environmental pollution and climate change increase the need for resilience and sustainability. These threats to health are global in nature, and this Handbook will explore perspectives on current public health issues in South, Southeast and East Asia, informing global as well as regional debate. Whilst many books cite Western examples of the development of global public health, this Handbook brings together both Western and Eastern scholarship, creating a new global public health perspective suitable to face modern challenges in promoting the population’s health. This Handbook is essential reading not only for students, professionals and scholars of global public health and related fields but is also written to be accessible to those with a general interest in the health of Asia. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: HIV-related Stigma, Discrimination and Human Rights Violations Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS., 2005-01-01 HIV-related stigma and discrimination and human rights violations constitute great barriers to preventing HIV infection; providing care, support and treatment; and alleviating the impacts of the epidemic. This publication documents case studies of successful action in different countries addressing HIV-related human rights violations, stigma and discrimination. |
| antiretroviral therapy in nepal: Global HIV/AIDS Medicine Paul Volberding, Merle A. Sande, Warner C. Greene, Joep M. A. Lange, Joel E. Gallant, 2008 HIV/AIDS management poses many different challenges around the world, and the therapies available in the West are often not economically feasible in developing countries. This new book is the first to address the myriad of clinical difficulties faced by health practitioners worldwide in managing HIV/AIDS. Edited by the same authorities responsible for the highly respected reference The Medical Management of AIDS, with Associate Editors that include the President of the International AIDS Society and a preeminent opinion leader in the fight against AIDS in Africa, and authored by a who's who of current global experts on HIV and AIDS medicine, this visionary text presents all the practical, indispensable information that clinicians everywhere need to offer their patients the best possible care. Access reliable, up-to-the-minute guidance that addresses the realities of HIV/AIDS management in your geographical region, thanks to contributions from a global cast of renowned expert clinicians and researchers. Locate the clinically actionable information you need quickly with an organization that mirrors the current state of the AIDS epidemic and the different needs of Western vs. developing-world patients and clinicians. Diagnose AIDS manifestations confidently by comparing them to full-color clinical images. Review essential data quickly through numerous at-a-glance tables. |
Antiretroviral Therapy - PAHO
Jun 28, 2021 · Explore comprehensive information on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV, including the latest guidelines, …
OPS/OMS | Organización Panamericana de la Salud - PAHO
La terapia antirretroviral (TAR) es el tratamiento de las personas infectadas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana …
TRATAMIENTO ANTIRRETROVIRAL PARA
el Tratamiento Antiretroviral (TARV) y el 90% de las personas en tratamiento tengan una Carga Viral (CV) suprimida a menos de …
Documents - PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization
Jul 16, 2021 · Updated recommendations on first-line and second-line antiretroviral regimens and post-exposure prophylaxis …
HIV/AIDS - PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization
Mar 27, 2025 · Approximately 1.7 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Latin …
Antiretroviral Therapy - PAHO
Jun 28, 2021 · Explore comprehensive information on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV, including the latest guidelines, benefits, and PAHO's strategic initiatives. Learn about the …
OPS/OMS | Organización Panamericana de la Salud - PAHO
La terapia antirretroviral (TAR) es el tratamiento de las personas infectadas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) con fármacos anti-VIH. El tratamiento consiste en una …
TRATAMIENTO ANTIRRETROVIRAL PARA
el Tratamiento Antiretroviral (TARV) y el 90% de las personas en tratamiento tengan una Carga Viral (CV) suprimida a menos de 1,000 copias/ml. El continuo de atención integral de la …
Documents - PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization
Jul 16, 2021 · Updated recommendations on first-line and second-line antiretroviral regimens and post-exposure prophylaxis and recommendations on early infant diagnosis of HIV. Interim …
HIV/AIDS - PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization
Mar 27, 2025 · Approximately 1.7 million people living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Latin America and 240,000 in the Caribbean by the end of 2023, …
Directrices unificadas sobre el uso de los antirretrovirales para el ...
Jun 21, 2016 · [Prefacio]. En estas directrices se presenta el contenido publicado anteriormente en los siguientes dos documentos: Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre …
Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for
Jun 21, 2016 · Recommendations for a public health approach - Second edition Overview These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) …
Updated recommendations on first-line and second-line …
Dec 21, 2018 · Update on recommendations on antiretroviral regimens for treating and preventing HIV infection: In 2016, WHO published the consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral …
Directrices unificadas sobre el uso de los antirretrovirales en el ...
Mar 11, 2013 · Con esta publicación la OMS presenta sus primeras directrices unificadas sobre el uso de los antirretrovirales en el tratamiento y la prevención de la infección por VIH. Las …
Concept note: Surveillance of HIV drug resistance in adults ... - PAHO
Jul 7, 2014 · HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) emerges when HIV replicates in the presence of antiretroviral drugs. If HIV drug resistance becomes widespread, the drugs currently used to …
