Advertisement
| arousal theory definition psychology: Theories of Emotion Robert Plutchik, Henry Kellerman, 2013-10-22 Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience, Volume 1: Theories of Emotion, presents broad theoretical perspectives representing all major schools of thought in the study of the nature of emotion. The contributions contained in the book are characterized under three major headings - evolutionary context, psychophysiological context, and dynamic context. Subjects that are discussed include general psycho-evolutionary theory of emotion; the affect system; the biology of emotions and other feelings; and emotions as transitory social roles. Psychologists, sociobiologists, sociologists, psychiatrists, ethologists, and students the allied fields will find the text a good reference material. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Encyclopedia of Tourism Jafar Jafari, 2002-09-11 In fewer than three hundred years tourism has become a global service industry of great economic, cultural and political importance. Published to critical acclaim, the Encyclopedia of Tourism - now available as a Routledge World Reference title - is the definitive one-volume reference source to this challenging multisectoral industry and multi disciplinary field of study. Comprising over one thousand entries, this volume has been written by an international team of contributors to provide a comprehensive guide to both the manifest and hidden dimensions of tourism. It explores the wide range of definitions, concepts, perspectives and institutions and includes: comprehensive coverage of key issues and concepts definitions of all terms and acronyms entries on the significant institutions, associations and journals in the field country-specific tourism profiles, from Greece to Japan and Kenya to Peru thorough analysis of the trends and patterns of tourism development and growth. The extensive cross-referencing and comprehensive index will assist the reader in making links between the diverse aspects of tourism studies, and the suggestions for further reading are invaluable. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: 13 Things Mentally Strong People Don't Do Amy Morin, 2014-12-23 Kick bad mental habits and toughen yourself up.—Inc. Master your mental strength—revolutionary new strategies that work for everyone from homemakers to soldiers and teachers to CEOs. Everyone knows that regular exercise and weight training lead to physical strength. But how do we strengthen ourselves mentally for the truly tough times? And what should we do when we face these challenges? Or as psychotherapist Amy Morin asks, what should we avoid when we encounter adversity? Through her years counseling others and her own experiences navigating personal loss, Morin realized it is often the habits we cannot break that are holding us back from true success and happiness. Indulging in self-pity, agonizing over things beyond our control, obsessing over past events, resenting the achievements of others, or expecting immediate positive results holds us back. This list of things mentally strong people don't do resonated so much with readers that when it was picked up by Forbes.com it received ten million views. Now, for the first time, Morin expands upon the thirteen things from her viral post and shares her tried-and-true practices for increasing mental strength. Morin writes with searing honesty, incorporating anecdotes from her work as a college psychology instructor and psychotherapist as well as personal stories about how she bolstered her own mental strength when tragedy threatened to consume her. Increasing your mental strength can change your entire attitude. It takes practice and hard work, but with Morin's specific tips, exercises, and troubleshooting advice, it is possible to not only fortify your mental muscle but also drastically improve the quality of your life. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Flow Mihaly Csikszent, 1991-03-13 An introduction to flow, a new field of behavioral science that offers life-fulfilling potential, explains its principles and shows how to introduce flow into all aspects of life, avoiding the interferences of disharmony. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: The Conceptual Nervous System Donald Olding Hebb, 1982 |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Adaptation-level Theory Harry Helson, 1964 |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Key Concepts in Sport Psychology John Kremer, Aidan Moran, Graham Walker, Cathy Craig, 2011-10-26 An excellent text to offer more depth on theories and concepts within Sports Psychology and provide learners with a greater understanding of current psychological theories. The text helps in enforcing knowledge gained and also provides a plethora of references for further reading around any of the chapters covered within the text. - John Harrison, Tyne Metropolitan College This book provides a good introduction to sports psychology, and enables students to obtain a basic understanding of the key concepts. I will recommend this book to my level 4 students. - Marie Robbins, Grimsby Institute of Further and Higher Education Provided an excellent synthesis of key topics in sport psychology. The content draws upon leaders in the field both from a research and applied sport psychology perspective. - Andrew Balsdon, Canterbury Christ Church University This book provides a focused, accurate guide for students working within the dynamic field of sport psychology. The concise and authoritative entries have been selected by experienced teachers and researchers; each one defines, explains and develops a key topic in sport psychology acting as a springboard for further reading and debate. This is a stimulating and practical resource for students defined by the clarity of writing and relevant examples. Each concept gives the student: clear definitions up-to-date suggestions for further reading careful cross-referencing. Easy to use and intelligently judged this book offers the modern student the basic materials, tools and guidance for planning essays and passing exams. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Understanding Anger Disorders Raymond DiGiuseppe, Raymond Chip Tafrate, 2007 Since classical times, philosophers and physicians have identified anger as a human frailty that can lead to violence and human suffering, but with the development of a modern science of abnormal psychology and mental disorders, it has been written off as merely an emotional symptom and excluded from most accepted systems of psychiatric diagnosis. Yet despite the lack of scientific recognition, anger-related violence is often in the news, and courts are increasingly mandating anger management treatment. It is time for a fresh scientific examination of one of the most fundamental human emotions and what happens when it becomes pathological, and this thorough, persuasive book offers precisely such a probing analysis.Using both clinical data and a variety of case studies, esteemed anger researchers Raymond A. DiGiuseppe and Raymond Chip Tafrate argue for a new diagnostic classification, Anger Regulation and Expression Disorder, that will help bring about clinical improvements and increased scientific understanding of anger. After situating anger in both historical and emotional contexts, they report research that supports the existence of several subtypes of the disorder and review treatment outcome studies and new interventions to improve treatment. The first book that fully explores anger as a clinical phenomenon and provides a reliable set of assessment criteria, it represents a major step toward establishing the clear definitions and scientific basis necessary for assessing, diagnosing, and treating anger disorders. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation Eleanor H. Simpson, Peter D. Balsam, 2016-05-11 This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Emotions and Affect in Human Factors and Human-Computer Interaction Myounghoon Jeon, 2017-04-05 Emotions and Affect in Human Factors and Human–Computer Interaction is a complete guide for conducting affect-related research and design projects in H/F and HCI domains. Introducing necessary concepts, methods, approaches, and applications, the book highlights how critical emotions and affect are to everyday life and interaction with cognitive artifacts. The text covers the basis of neural mechanisms of affective phenomena, as well as representative approaches to Affective Computing, Kansei Engineering, Hedonomics, and Emotional Design. The methodologies section includes affect induction techniques, measurement techniques, detection and recognition techniques, and regulation models and strategies. The application chapters discuss various H/F and HCI domains: product design, human–robot interaction, behavioral health and game design, and transportation. Engineers and designers can learn and apply psychological theories and mechanisms to account for their affect-related research and can develop their own domain-specific theory. The approach outlined in this handbook works to close the existing gap between the traditional affect research and the emerging field of affective design and affective computing. - Provides a theoretical background of affective sciences - Demonstrates diverse affect induction methods in actual research settings - Describes sensing technologies, such as brain–computer interfaces, facial expression detection, and more - Covers emotion modeling and its application to regulation processes - Includes case studies and applied examples in a variety of H/F and HCI application areas - Addresses emerging interdisciplinary areas including Positive Technology, Subliminal Perception, Physiological Computing, and Aesthetic Computing |
| arousal theory definition psychology: From the Couch to the Lab Aikaterini Fotopoulou, Donald Pfaff, Martin A. Conway, 2012-05-17 Can the psychodynamics of the mind be correlated with neurodynamic processes in the brain? The book revisits a question that scientists and psychoanalysts have been asking for more than a century. It brings together experts from Psychology, Psychoanalysis, Neuroscience, Philosophy, Psychiatry and Neurology to consider this question. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine Marc D. Gellman, J. Rick Turner, |
| arousal theory definition psychology: The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Philip J. Corr, 2008-04-10 One of the major neuropsychological models of personality, developed by world-renowned psychologist Professor Jeffrey Gray, is based upon individual differences in reactions to punishing and rewarding stimuli. This biological theory of personality - now widely known as 'Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory' (RST) - has had a major influence on motivation, emotion and psychopathology research. In 2000, RST was substantially revised by Jeffrey Gray, together with Neil McNaughton, and this revised theory proposed three principal motivation/emotion systems: the 'Fight-Flight-Freeze System' (FFFS), the 'Behavioural Approach System' (BAS) and the 'Behavioural Inhibition System' (BIS). This is the first book to summarise the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality and bring together leading researchers in the field. It summarizes all of the pre-2000 RST research findings, explains and elaborates the implications of the 2000 theory for personality psychology and lays out the future research agenda for RST. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Art and Emotion Derek Matravers, 2001-01-25 The author's aim in this study is to show that what experiences of art and emotion have in common and what links them to the expression of emotion in non-artistic cases, is the role played by feeling. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Introduction to Psychology Jennifer Walinga, Charles Stangor, This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Handbook of Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology Irving B. Weiner, Donald K. Freedheim, 2003 Includes established theories and cutting-edge developments. Presents the work of an international group of experts. Presents the nature, origin, implications, an future course of major unresolved issues in the area. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: A History of Modern Psychology Duane Schultz, 2013-10-02 A History of Modern Psychology, 3rd Edition discusses the development and decline of schools of thought in modern psychology. The book presents the continuing refinement of the tools, techniques, and methods of psychology in order to achieve increased precision and objectivity. Chapters focus on relevant topics such as the role of history in understanding the diversity and divisiveness of contemporary psychology; the impact of physics on the cognitive revolution and humanistic psychology; the influence of mechanism on Descartes's thinking; and the evolution of the third force, humanistic psychology. Undergraduate students of psychology and related fields will find the book invaluable in their pursuit of knowledge. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Advances in Sport Psychology Thelma S. Horn, 2008 This third edition presents a thorough review of the literature and terminilogy in key topic areas. The clear explanation of potential research directions and the list of contributors make this a must-have book for students of sport psychology. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: What is an Emotion? Dr. William James, 2013-03-25 I should say first of all that the only emotions I propose expressly to consider here are those that have a distinct bodily expression. That there are feelings of pleasure and displeasure, of interest and excitement, bound up with mental operations, but having no obvious bodily expression for their consequence, would, I suppose, be held true by most readers. Certain arrangements of sounds, of lines, of colours are agreeable, and others the reverse, without the degree of the feeling being sufficient to quicken the pulse or breathing, or to prompt to movements of either the body or the face. Certain sequences of ideas charm us as much as others tire us. It is a real intellectual delight to get a problem solved, and a real intellectual torment to have to leave it unfinished. The first set of examples, the sounds, lines, and colours, are either bodily sensations, or the images of such. The second set seem to depend on processes in the ideational centres exclusively. Taken together, they appear to prove that there are pleasures and pains inherent in certain forms of nerve-action as such, wherever that action occur. The case of these feelings we will at present leave entirely aside, and confine our attention to the more complicated cases in which a wave of bodily disturbance of some kind accompanies the perception of the interesting sights or sounds, or the passage of the exciting train of ideas. Surprise, curiosity, rapture, fear, anger, lust, greed, and the like, become then the names of the mental states with which the person is possessed. The bodily disturbances are said to be the manifestation of these several emotions, their expression or natural language; and these emotions themselves, being so strongly characterized both from within and without, may be called the standard emotions. --William James |
| arousal theory definition psychology: The Psychology of Fatigue Robert Hockey, 2013-05-16 Fatigue can have a major impact on an individual's performance and well-being, yet is poorly understood, even within the scientific community. There is no developed theory of its origins or functions, and different types of fatigue (mental, physical, sleepiness) are routinely confused. The widespread interpretation of fatigue as a negative consequence of work may be true only for externally imposed goals; meaningful or self-initiated work is rarely tiring and often invigorating. In the first book dedicated to the systematic treatment of fatigue for over sixty years, Robert Hockey examines its many aspects - social history, neuroscience, energetics, exercise physiology, sleep and clinical implications - and develops a new motivational control theory, in which fatigue is treated as an emotion having a fundamental adaptive role in the management of goals. He then uses this new perspective to explore the role of fatigue in relation to individual motivation, working life and well-being. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Emotions in Sport , 2000 Emotions in Sport is the first comprehensive treatment of how individual and team emotions affect athletic performance. Edited by renowned Olympic advisor, researcher, and teacher Yuri Hanin, the book provides you with -a comprehensive understanding of emotional patterns such as anxiety, anger, and joy, as well as their impact on individual and team performance; -solid methods for determining the optimal emotional state of individual athletes; -innovative strategies for avoiding overtraining, burnout, and fatigue, while helping enhance performance; -an overview of injury management and the positive emotional states that can actually accelerate the healing process; and -a long-overdue look at exercise, emotions, and mental health. Created and developed by Dr. Hanin during 30 years as a sport psychologist, the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model is the key conceptual framework in Emotions in Sport. The model can help you describe, predict, and explain the dynamics of emotion/performance for individual athletes and provides you with strategies for creating optimal emotional states and enhancing athletic performance. Appendixes to the volume include a reproducible IZOF model form and step-by-step data collection instructions for your use. Emotions in Sport incorporates the insights, wisdom, and experience of authorities worldwide to give you a new perspective on this important subject and its impact on athletes. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Elsevier's Dictionary of Psychological Theories J.E. Roeckelein, 2006-01-19 In attempting to understand and explain various behaviour, events, and phenomena in their field, psychologists have developed and enunciated an enormous number of 'best guesses' or theories concerning the phenomenon in question. Such theories involve speculations and statements that range on a potency continuum from 'strong' to 'weak'. The term theory, itself, has been conceived of in various ways in the psychological literature. In the present dictionary, the strategy of lumping together all the various traditional descriptive labels regarding psychologists 'best guesses' under the single descriptive term theory has been adopted. The descriptive labels of principle, law, theory, model, paradigm, effect, hypothesis and doctrine are attached to many of the entries, and all such descriptive labels are subsumed under the umbrella term theory.The title of this dictionary emphasizes the term theory (implying both strong and weak best guesses) and is a way of indication, overall, the contents of this comprehensive dictionary in a parsimonious and felicitous fashion.The dictionary will contain approximately 2,000 terms covering the origination, development, and evolution of various psychological concepts, as well as the historical definition, analysis, and criticisms of psychological concepts. Terms and definitions are in English.*Contains over 2,000 terms covering the origination, development and evolution of various psychological concepts*Covers a wide span of theories, from auditory, cognitive tactile and visual to humor and imagery*An essential resource for psychologists needing a single-source quick reference |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Pornography and Sexual Aggression Neil M. Malamuth, 2014-06-28 Pornography and Sexual Aggression |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Active Inference Thomas Parr, Giovanni Pezzulo, Karl J. Friston, 2022-03-29 The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Psychological Reactance Sharon S. Brehm, Jack W. Brehm, 2013-10-02 Psychological Reactance: A Theory of Freedom and Control provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of reactance theory. This book discusses a number of special topic areas to which the reactance theory seems especially relevant. Organized into five parts encompassing 17 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the relationship between freedom and perceived freedom as conceived by reactance theory. This text then describes the clinical applications, societal problem solutions, and power relations in the real world. Other chapters consider the developmental aspects of reactance. This book discusses as well the reactance theory in a wider theoretical context by examining impression management formulations of the theory and by comparing reactance to other theoretical models whereby the notion of control plays a major role. The final chapter deals with the role of cognitive processes in association with reactance in attitude change phenomena. This book is a valuable resource for social psychologists. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Encyclopedia of Social Psychology Roy F. Baumeister, Kathleen D. Vohs, 2007-08-29 The set offers clear descriptions of commonly used and sometimes misunderstood terms, e.g., cultural differences, authoritarian personality, and neuroticism. The field has expanded since publication of The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, ed. by A. Manstead and M. Hewstone et al. (CH, Jan ′96, 33-2457), and this work is a valuable response to that. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels. —CHOICE Not long ago, social psychology was a small field consisting of creative, energetic researchers bent on trying to study a few vexing problems in normal adult human behavior with rigorous scientific methods. In a few short decades, the field has blossomed into a major intellectual force, with thousands of researchers worldwide exploring a stunningly diverse set of fascinating phenomena with an impressive arsenal of research methods and ever more carefully honed theories. The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is designed as a road map to this rapidly growing and important field and provides individuals with a simple, clear, jargon-free introduction. These two volumes include more than 600 entries chosen by a diverse team of experts to comprise an exhaustive list of the most important concepts. Entries provide brief, clear, and readable explanations to the vast number of ideas and concepts that make up the intellectual and scientific content in the area of social psychology. Key Features Provides background to each concept, explains what researchers are now doing with it, and discusses where it stands in relation to other concepts in the field Translates jargon into plain, clear, everyday language rather than speaking in the secret language of the discipline Offers contributions from prominent, well-respected researchers extending over the many subfields of social psychology that collectively have a truly amazing span of expertise Key Themes Action Control Antisocial Behaviors Attitude Culture Emotions Evolution Groups Health History Influence Interpersonal Relationships Judgment and Decision Making Methods Personality Prejudice Problem Behaviors Prosocial Behaviors Self Social Cognition Subdisciplines The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is the first resource to present students, researchers, scholars, and practitioners with state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts from this fascinating field. It is a must have resource for all academic libraries. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Intrinsic Motivation Edward L. Deci, 2012-12-06 As I begin to write this Preface, I feel a rush of excitement. I have now finished the book; my gestalt is coming into completion. Throughout the months that I have been writing this, I have, indeed, been intrinsically motivated. Now that it is finished I feel quite competent and self-determining (see Chapter 2). Whether or not those who read the book will perceive me that way is also a concern of mine (an extrinsic one), but it is a wholly separate issue from the intrinsic rewards I have been experiencing. This book presents a theoretical perspective. It reviews an enormous amount of research which establishes unequivocally that intrinsic motivation exists. Also considered herein are various approaches to the conceptualizing of intrinsic motivation. The book concentrates on the approach which has developed out of the work of Robert White (1959), namely, that intrinsically motivated behaviors are ones which a person engages in so that he may feel competent and self-determining in relation to his environment. The book then considers the development of intrinsic motiva tion, how behaviors are motivated intrinsically, how they relate to and how intrinsic motivation is extrinsically motivated behaviors, affected by extrinsic rewards and controls. It also considers how changes in intrinsic motivation relate to changes in attitudes, how people attribute motivation to each other, how the attribution process is motivated, and how the process of perceiving motivation (and other internal states) in oneself relates to perceiving them in others. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Human Motivation David C. McClelland, 1988-01-29 Human Motivation, originally published in 1987, offers a broad overview of theory and research from the perspective of a distinguished psychologist whose creative empirical studies of human motives span forty years. David McClelland describes methods for measuring motives, the development of motives out of natural incentives and the relationship of motives to emotions, to values and to performance under a variety of conditions. He examines four major motive systems - achievement, power, affiliation and avoidance - reviewing and evaluating research on how these motive systems affect behaviour. Scientific understanding of motives and their interaction, he argues, contributes to understanding of such diverse and important phenomena as the rise and fall of civilisations, the underlying causes of war, the rate of economic development, the nature of leadership, the reasons for authoritarian or democratic governing styles, the determinants of success in management and the factors responsible for health and illness. Students and instructors alike will find this book an exciting and readable presentation of the psychology of human motivation. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: A Theory of Human Motivation Abraham Maslow, 2013 |
| arousal theory definition psychology: An Introduction to Motivation John William Atkinson, 1964 |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Emotions, Technology, and Behaviors Sharon Y. Tettegah, Dorothy L. Espelage, 2015-10-26 Exploring the connections between technology, emotions, and behaviors is increasingly important as we spend more and more time online and in digital environments. Technology, Emotions, and Behavior explains the role of technology in the evolution of both emotions and behaviors, and their interaction with each other. It discusses emotion modeling, distraction, and contagion as related to digital narrative and virtual spaces. It examines issues of trust and technology, behaviors used by individuals who are cut off from technology, and how individuals use technology to cope after disasters such as Hurricane Sandy. Technology, Emotions and Behaviors ends by exploring the construct of empathy and perspective-taking through online videos and socially shared activities. Practitioners and researchers will find this text useful in their work. - Reviews the intersection between emotional contagion and emotional socialization theory in virtual interactions - Examines cross-cultural communicative feedback - Discusses the multi-dimensions of trust in technology - Covers digilante rhetoric and its emotional appeal - Devotes an entire section to cyberbullying |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Drive Daniel H. Pink, 2011-04-05 The New York Times bestseller that gives readers a paradigm-shattering new way to think about motivation from the author of When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing Most people believe that the best way to motivate is with rewards like money—the carrot-and-stick approach. That's a mistake, says Daniel H. Pink (author of To Sell Is Human: The Surprising Truth About Motivating Others). In this provocative and persuasive new book, he asserts that the secret to high performance and satisfaction-at work, at school, and at home—is the deeply human need to direct our own lives, to learn and create new things, and to do better by ourselves and our world. Drawing on four decades of scientific research on human motivation, Pink exposes the mismatch between what science knows and what business does—and how that affects every aspect of life. He examines the three elements of true motivation—autonomy, mastery, and purpose-and offers smart and surprising techniques for putting these into action in a unique book that will change how we think and transform how we live. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Love and Hate Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 2017-07-05 The author argues that there are specific turning points in evolution. Structures and behavioral patterns that evolved in the service of discrete functions sometimes allow for unforeseen new developments as a side effect. In retrospect, they have proven to be pre-adaptations, and serve as raw material for natural selection to work upon. Love and Hate was intended to complement Konrad Lorenz's book, On Aggression, by pointing out our motivations to provide nurturing, and thus to counteract and correct the widespread but one-sided opinion that biologists always present nature as bloody in tooth and claw and intra-specific aggression as the prime mover of evolution. This simplistic image is, nonetheless, still with us, all the more regrettably because it hampers discussion across scholarly disciplines. Eibl-Eibesfeldt argues that leaders in individualized groups are chosen for their pro-social abilities. Those who comfort group members in distress, who are able to intervene in quarrels and to protect group members who are attacked, those who share, those who, in brief, show abilities to nurture, are chosen by the others as leaders, rather than those who use their abilities in competitive ways. Of course, group leaders may need, beyond their pro-social competence, to be gifted as orators, war leaders, or healers. Issues of love and hate are social in origin and hence social in consequence. Life has emerged on this planet in a succession of new forms, from the simplest algae to man-man the one being who reflects upon this creation, who seeks to fashion it himself and who, in the process, may end by destroying it. It would indeed be grotesque if the question of the meaning of life were to be solved in this way. In language that is clear and accessible throughout, arguing forcefully for the innate and preprogrammed dispositions of behavior in higher vertebrates, including humans, Eibl-Eibesfeldt steers a middle course in discussing the development of cultural and ethical |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Quiet Susan Cain, 2013-01-29 #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • Experience the book that started the Quiet Movement and revolutionized how the world sees introverts—and how introverts see themselves—by offering validation, inclusion, and inspiration “Superbly researched, deeply insightful, and a fascinating read, Quiet is an indispensable resource for anyone who wants to understand the gifts of the introverted half of the population.”—Gretchen Rubin, author of The Happiness Project NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY People • O: The Oprah Magazine • Christian Science Monitor • Inc. • Library Journal • Kirkus Reviews At least one-third of the people we know are introverts. They are the ones who prefer listening to speaking; who innovate and create but dislike self-promotion; who favor working on their own over working in teams. It is to introverts—Rosa Parks, Chopin, Dr. Seuss, Steve Wozniak—that we owe many of the great contributions to society. In Quiet, Susan Cain argues that we dramatically undervalue introverts and shows how much we lose in doing so. She charts the rise of the Extrovert Ideal throughout the twentieth century and explores how deeply it has come to permeate our culture. She also introduces us to successful introverts—from a witty, high-octane public speaker who recharges in solitude after his talks, to a record-breaking salesman who quietly taps into the power of questions. Passionately argued, impeccably researched, and filled with indelible stories of real people, Quiet has the power to permanently change how we see introverts and, equally important, how they see themselves. Now with Extra Libris material, including a reader’s guide and bonus content |
| arousal theory definition psychology: A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Leon Festinger, 1962 Originally published: Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson, c1957. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: The New Psychology of Love Robert J. Sternberg, Karin Sternberg, 2019 This is a much-needed update on the latest theory and research on love supplied by leading scientific experts. It is suitable for psychologists, neuroscientists, anthropologists, sociologists, and anyone with an interest in love and what has been learned from scientific studies of it. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Group Performance Bernard A. Nijstad, 2009-06-22 People interact and perform in group settings in all areas of life. Organizations and businesses are increasingly structuring work around groups and teams. Every day, we work in groups such as families, friendship groups, societies and sports teams, to make decisions and plans, solve problems, perform physical tasks, generate creative ideas, and more. Group Performance outlines the current state of social psychological theories and findings concerning the performance of groups. It explores the basic theories surrounding group interaction and development and investigates how groups affect their members. Bernard A. Nijstad discusses these issues in relation to the many different tasks that groups may perform, including physical tasks, idea generation and brainstorming, decision-making, problem-solving, and making judgments and estimates. Finally, the book closes with an in-depth discussion of teamwork and the context in which groups interact and perform. Offering an integrated approach, with particular emphasis on the interplay between group members, the group task, interaction processes and context, this book provides a state-of-the-art overview of social psychological theory and research. It will be highly valuable to undergraduates, graduates and researchers in social psychology, organizational behavior and business. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: The Psychological Construction of Emotion Lisa Feldman Barrett, James A. Russell, 2014-10-29 This volume presents cutting-edge theory and research on emotions as constructed events rather than fixed, essential entities. It provides a thorough introduction to the assumptions, hypotheses, and scientific methods that embody psychological constructionist approaches. Leading scholars examine the neurobiological, cognitive/perceptual, and social processes that give rise to the experiences Western cultures call sadness, anger, fear, and so on. The book explores such compelling questions as how the brain creates emotional experiences, whether the ingredients of emotions also give rise to other mental states, and how to define what is or is not an emotion. Introductory and concluding chapters by the editors identify key themes and controversies and compare psychological construction to other theories of emotion. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Reversal Theory Michael J. Apter, 2007-02-15 In this authoritative work, Michael Apter, one of the leading figures in the development of reversal theory, provides a clear, systematic, and up-to-date introduction to the theory. |
| arousal theory definition psychology: Dictionary of Theories, Laws, and Concepts in Psychology Jon Roeckelein, 1998-10-28 Fully cross-referenced and source-referenced, this dictionary contains over 1200 entries consisting of terms concerning laws, theories, hypotheses, doctrines, principles, and effects in early and contemporary psychological literature. Each entry consists of the definition/description of the term with commentary, followed by a number of cross-referenced, related terms, and by chronologically-ordered source references to indicate the evolution of the term. An appendix provides supplementary material on many laws and theories not included in the dictionary itself and will be helpful to students and scholars concerned with specialty areas in psychology. |
Sexual arousal - Wikipedia
Sexual arousal may be assisted by a romantic setting, music or other soothing situation. Sexual arousal can come from porn or other sexual material. The potential stimuli for sexual arousal …
AROUSAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of AROUSAL is the act of arousing someone or something : the state of being aroused. How to use arousal in a sentence.
AROUSAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
AROUSAL definition: 1. sexual excitement: 2. the causing of strong feelings or excitement in someone: 3. sexual…. Learn more.
Arousal - Planned Parenthood
Arousal is the feeling of being turned on sexually. When you’re turned on, your body experiences physical and emotional changes. Your penis or clitoris may get erect (hard), engorged, and …
Arousal, Orgasm, and Post-Coital Behavior - Psychology Today
Often sexual arousal is a sign of passion and commitment between partners. At other times, it may just be the residual effect of driving over a bridge, watching a scary movie, or riding a roller...
AROUSAL definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Arousal is a state in which you feel excited or very alert, for example as a result of fear, stress, or anger.
APA Dictionary of Psychology
Apr 19, 2018 · a state of excitement or energy expenditure linked to an emotion. Usually, arousal is closely related to a person’s appraisal of the significance of an event or to the physical …
AROUSAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
the act of stirring up or the state of being stirred up; excitement: Relieving teens from stress in conversations can be a very effective way to prevent the arousal of anger. Be aware of your …
Explore Arousal: Types, Effects, and Examples
Mar 7, 2025 · Arousal can be understood as a continuum, ranging from low to high levels of alertness. It influences how we think, feel, and behave. Here are some key points to help you …
Sexual response cycle: 4 stages of sexual arousal | HealthShots
Sep 10, 2023 · When you are turned on or sexually aroused, your body feels changes emotionally and physically in preparation for intercourse or self pleasure. This process is divided into four …
Unit 27: Sports Psychology - Pearson qualifications
%PDF-1.6 %âãÏÓ 453 0 obj > endobj 474 0 obj >/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[7E96C0322C659642B41243A8F31BECD3>]/Index[453 32]/Info 452 0 …
PSYCHOLOGY (855) - cisce.org
Apr 12, 2024 · PAPER - I (THEORY) – 70 Marks. 1. The Subject Psychology (i) Definition of Psychology; schools of thought- Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviourism, Psychoanalysis, …
Sport and Exercise Psychology - SAGE Publications Inc
Sport and Exercise Psychology 144 Catastrophe theory Catastrophe theory (Hardy and Fazey, 1987; Figure 10.1) suggests that if an athlete who is anxious experiences continual increases in …
9 Anxiety and Sport Performance - ResearchGate
sport psychology that anxiety influences sport performance in a pre dictable manner, and it is generally assumed that ele\'ated anxiety is a cause of poor performance in many athletes (62).
CDP461500.indd - Psychology Today
Arousal reappraisal instructs individuals to think of stress arousal as a tool that helps maximize performance. By reframing the meaning of the physiological signals that accompany stress, …
A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not …
psychology, communication, and measurement to continue advancement of the theory. Wave 1: Theory Proposal and Testing . Psychological reactance theory (Brehm, 1966) was born out of …
Sport Psychology - SAGE Publications Ltd
Three main theories in sport psychology have guided research on the relationship between arousal, anxiety and athletic performance since the 1990s: ‘Catastrophe theory’ (e.g. Hardy et …
Teacher Guide PSYCHOLOGY - OCR
Criminal psychology The Social Learning Theory of Criminality: The Social Learning Theory was developed by the North American behavioural psychologist Albert Bandura. Bandura ... arousal …
Unit VIII - Keansburg School District
The Psychology of Hunger • How does hunger affect our behavior? Obesity and Weight Control • How do differences in weight affect behavior and our interactions with ... Arousal theory …
CHAPTER 12: Arousal, anxiety and aggression Practice …
to perform well extroverts need high anxiety, and introverts need low arousal or anxiety). • Drive theory (see figure Q12.4), mark given for linear relationship between arousal and performance. …
D. Eastwood1,Alexandra Mark Fenske2, Daniel Smilek3 - JSTOR
Jan 3, 2019 · JSTOR provides access to thousands of academic journals, books, and primary sources for researchers, students, and educators.
How arousal modulates memory: Disentangling the effects of …
fects of arousal on attention and on memory storage. Effects of Arousal on Attention There are a few ways by which arousal can affect at-tention and thereby influence encoding. The first is by …
Environmental Psychology (PSY511) - Virtual University of …
Lesson 3 Theories In Environmental Psychology 7 Lesson 4 Arousal Theories 9 Lesson 5 Stimulus Load, Behavioral Constraint, And Adaptation Level Theories 12 Lesson 6 …
SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY - Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj …
Theories of Arousal 1) Drive theory ( developed by clark Hull 1943 & Spence 1966) – It helps to explain the relationships between learning and arousal, and between performance and arousal. …
Arousal, and Behavior - JSTOR
the absence of arousal. It is assumed that sexual arousal can enter a positive feedback process, with changes at the genitals affecting the state of arousal. The exact contribution, in terms of …
An Overview of Psychological Theories of Crime Causation
Psychological Theory and the Criminal Justice System The field of psychology has influenced community corrections in a number of important areas: (1) the classification of offenders risk …
Arousal and Sports Performance - ResearchGate
the arousal-performance relationship is the Inverted-U theory and Catastrophe Theory. Arousal can be defined as a general mixture of both the physiological and psychological
Teacher Guide PSYCHOLOGY - OCR
PSYCHOLOGY H567 For first teaching in 2015 Sport and exercise psychology – Key Research Guide ... Theory/ies on which the study is based ... to describe the relationship between …
Semester: I F.Y.B.A. Psychology. - result.ngu.ac.in
Drive reduction theory Arousal theory. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Social-cognitive theory.-The Primary Drives (Hu nger, Thirst, Sex) ... Unit: 1 Introduction to Social Psychology-Definition, …
Emotional arousal - The driving force of life - MedCrave …
Dec 20, 2017 · interest here is on the presence and utilization of emotional arousal, instead of the art of developing positive thinking for molding the emotional arousal in a positive manner in life. …
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AROUSAL ZONE, ANXIETY, …
According to Donald O. Hebb's theory of optimal arousal (further considering the Yerkes- Dodson relation), an optimal arousal level can be achieved that an athlete can achieve the best …
Unit 3: Sport and Exercise Psychology - Weebly
social learning theory 2 Know the impact of arousal, stress and anxiety on sports performance Arousal: definition; relationship between arousal level and performance; theories (drive theory, …
Inside Out Assignment
3. In several paragraphs, make an argument as to which theory of emotion best describes Riley’s emotional experience. You must pick a thesis and support your argument in two-three …
Sport Psychology - WJEC
Drive Theory – the presence of others (audience) increases arousal and competitive drive. It causes a release of energy and an increase in the speed of performance. Evaluation …
UNIT 3 NEEDS, DRIVE AND MOTIVES - eGyanKosh
3.4.2 Drive Theory: Behavioural Approaches to Drive 3.5 Motives 3.5.1 Definition and Meaning of Motives 3.5.2 Motivation and Feedback Control System 3.5.3 Motivation and Ethnology 3.5.4 …
Capturing students’ attention: An empirical study - ed
inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance (i.e., learning), and is based on selective attention. The basic tenet of the hypothesis is that arousal is inversely related to one’s …
HOMEOSTASIS, NEED REDUCTION, AND MOTIVATION - JSTOR
The need-reduction theory grows out of a solid Darwinian tradition. It is typical of the American functionalist approach; and it is very close to the implicit theory of the man-in-the-street who …
UNIT 2 DEFINITION OF MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
theory: 2.3.3 Arousal Theory Arousal is a term used for a general state of physiological activation. You could think of it as the extent to which your body and mind are “revved up.” Arousal theory …
Motivation - College of Health and Human Sciences
Instinct Theory Drive-Reduction Theory Arousal Theory Hierarchy of Motives Cognitive based theory: Self-efficacy 6 Instincts & Evolutionary Psychology Instincts are complex behaviors that …
AP Psychology AP Psychology Test Review: Ch.12-13 Motiva
Drive Reduction Theory: a. Examples of Drive Reduction Theory: 1. When body temperature drops below 98.6 F., blood vessels constrict to conserve warmth 2. A person is driven to seek …
Syllabus for M.Phil in Clinical Psychology Entrance Examination
Canon-Bard, James-Lange, Arousal-interpretation theory: Schachter & Singer, Cognitive appraisal theory: Lazarus, Smith& Kirby. Culture and emotional expression ... Introduction to Social …
Emotion a unit lesson plan for high school psychology teachers
A. No well-accepted definition of emotion exists. Difficulty in defining emotion hampered research on it for a long time. See Activity 1.1: Human Emotions (with Handout 1.1) B. A useful definition …
Sport Psychology - AROUSAL - Sawtry Village Academy
cause high levels of arousal. 2. Research each theory and explain the relationship between arousal and performance. 3. Learn and explain how the level of arousal can have both positive …
REVERSAL THEORY A NEW APPROACH TO MOTIVATION, …
--arousal- they are described in reversal theory as metamotivational rather than motivational; and reversal from one to another such metamotivational system the- refore constitutes a ...
A Sport and Exercise Psychology: Perspective on Stress
We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.
Aggression, Social Psychology of - craiganderson.org
spheres of psychology. Most notably, biological psychology provides many relevant findings, including links to genetic predispositions, hormones, malformation, or damage of brain …
The Psychology of Gambling - Australian Psychological Society
Psychology, as a science and profession, has much to contribute to understanding gambling from the perspectives of theory, research and practice. Recognising the critical role of psychology in …
HUMAN AGGRESSION - College of Health and Human Sciences
Excitation Transfer Theory Excitation transfer theory (Zillmann 1983) notes that physiological arousal dis-sipates slowly. If two arousing events are separated by a short amount of time, …
UNIT 3THE THEORIES OF The Theories of ENVIRONMENT …
3.2.2 Arousal Theories Arousal theories have typically been concerned with the influence of arousal on performance.They maximize performance at intermediate levels of arousal but falls …
Examination Syllabus - M.Phil. in Clinical Psychology 2025
Lange, Arousal-interpretation theory: Schachter & Singer, ognitive appraisal theory: Lazarus, Smith& Kirby. ulture and emotional expression ... (Definition). Focus of social psychology. …
Self-Efficacy Theory Historical Development - Springer
itly on his self-efficacy theory and his social-cognitive theory. While these two theories quite often seem to be used interchangeably, there is a clear distinction between them: Bandura’s social …
BUL121010065.tif
%PDF-1.3 %âãÏÓ 549 0 obj /Linearized 1 /O 551 /H [ 1050 536 ] /L 3781698 /E 108724 /N 30 /T 3770599 >> endobj xref 549 29 0000000016 00000 n 0000000931 00000 n 0000001586 00000 …
Valence and Value - UMD
making—suggesting, on the contrary, that it is the arousal component of affect that plays the primary role. But in fact it is likely that Damasio merely endorses a hedonic, self-focused, …
The Schachter Theory of Emotion: Two Decades Later
version of Schachter's theory—that is, that arousal feedback can have an intensifying effect on emotional states—and that this arousal-emotion relationship is mediated, in part, by causal ...
The Self and Empathy - American Psychological Association …
desired outcome of vicarious emotional arousal.1 Importantly, early work by Batson and colleagues shows that self–other dis-tinction is associated with greater empathic concern …
Small Wins - Southeastern Oklahoma State University
The specific effects of arousal on performance associated with the Yerkes-Dodson Law are that (a) there is an inverted-U relationship between arousal and the efficiency of performance with …
Chief Reader Report on Student Responses - AP Central
• Optimal arousal theory was commonly described as needing a specific amount of arousal to be able to perform a task, or that being at an aroused state made the person more prone to being …
HUMAN AGGRESSION - people.uncw.edu
Excitation Transfer Theory Excitation transfer theory (Zillmann 1983) notes that physiological arousal dis-sipates slowly. If two arousing events are separated by a short amount of time, …
Ideal Affect - Stanford University
and ideal affect are significant at p < .001. HAP 5 high arousal positive states, P 5 positive states; LAP 5 low arousal positive states; LA 5 low arousal states; LAN 5 low arousal negative states; …
A Critical Look at Three Arousal Constructs in Personality …
for everyone. Note that this concept of arousal refers to phasic arousal in response to stimulation. However, the concept of a tonic cortical under arousal in extraverts and hyperarousal in …
