Bachelor Of Science In Criminal Justice Administration

Advertisement



  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Introduction to Policing Steven M. Cox, Susan Marchionna, Brian D. Fitch, 2015-12-31 Introduction to Policing, Third Edition continues to focus on the thought-provoking, contemporary issues that underscore the challenging and rewarding world of policing. Steven M. Cox, Susan Marchionna, and experienced law enforcement officer Brian D. Fitch balance theory, research, and practice to give students a comprehensive, yet concise, overview of both the foundations of policing and the expanded role of today’s police officers. The accessible and engaging writing style, combined with stories from the field, make policing concepts and practices easy for students to understand and analyze. Unique coverage of policing in multicultural communities, the impact of technology on policing, and extensive coverage of policing strategies and procedures — such as those that detail the use of force —make this bestselling book a must-have for policing courses.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: International Crime and Justice Mangai Natarajan, 2010-11-15 International crime and justice is an emerging field that covers international and transnational crimes that have not been the focus of mainstream criminology or criminal justice. This book examines the field from a global perspective. It provides an introduction to the nature of international and transnational crimes and the theoretical perspectives that assist in understanding the relationship between social change and the waxing and waning of the crime opportunities resulting from globalization, migration, and culture conflicts. Written by a team of world experts, it examines the central role of victim rights in the development of legal frameworks for the prevention and control of transnational and international crimes. It also discusses the challenges to delivering justice and obtaining international cooperation in efforts to deter, detect, and respond to these crimes.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Law Enforcement Operations and Management Marilyn D. McShane, Franklin P. Williams, 1997
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Introduction to Criminal Justice Robert Bohm, Keith Haley, 2011-09-19 Introduction to Criminal Justice is the perfect text for students who are interested in pursuing a career in criminal justice and for those who simply want to learn more about the criminal justice system. The authors' combined experience of more than 50 years in teaching introduction to criminal justice as well as working in the field -- Bohm as a correctional officer and Haley as a police officer -- come through in their accessible yet comprehensive presentation. They make it easy for readers to understand that much of what the public knows about criminal justice in the United States is myth, and help students learn the truth about the U.S. criminal justice system.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Focus on Forensic Science , 1989
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Cybersecurity for Executives Gregory J. Touhill, C. Joseph Touhill, 2014-06-09 Practical guide that can be used by executives to make well-informed decisions on cybersecurity issues to better protect their business Emphasizes, in a direct and uncomplicated way, how executives can identify, understand, assess, and mitigate risks associated with cybersecurity issues Covers 'What to Do When You Get Hacked?' including Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery planning, Public Relations, Legal and Regulatory issues, and Notifications and Disclosures Provides steps for integrating cybersecurity into Strategy; Policy and Guidelines; Change Management and Personnel Management Identifies cybersecurity best practices that executives can and should use both in the office and at home to protect their vital information
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Crime and Criminal Behavior William J. Chambliss, 2011-05-03 Crime and Criminal Behavior delves into such hotly debated topics as age of consent, euthanasia and assisted suicide, gambling, guns, internet pornography, marijuana and other drug laws, religious convictions, and terrorism and extremism. From using a faking I.D. to assaulting one′s domestic partner to driving drunk, a vast array of behaviors fit into the definition of criminal. The authors of these 20 chapters examine the historical contexts of each topic and offer arguments both for and against the ways in which legislators and courts have defined and responded to criminal behaviors, addressing the sometimes complex policy considerations involved. Sensitive subjects such as hate crimes are addressed, as are crimes carried out by large groups or states, including war crime and corporate crime. This volume also considers crimes that are difficult to prosecute, such as Internet crime and intellectual property crime, and crimes about which there is disagreement as to whether the behavior harms society or the individual involved (gun control and euthanasia, for example). The Series The five brief, issues-based books in SAGE Reference′s Key Issues in Crime & Punishment Series offer examinations of controversial programs, practices, problems or issues from varied perspectives. Volumes correspond to the five central subfields in the Criminal Justice curriculum: Crime & Criminal Behavior, Policing, The Courts, Corrections, and Juvenile Justice. Each volume consists of approximately 20 chapters offering succinct pro/con examinations, and Recommended Readings conclude each chapter, highlighting different approaches to or perspectives on the issue at hand. As a set, these volumes provide perfect reference support for students writing position papers in undergraduate courses spanning the Criminal Justice curriculum. Each title is approximately 350 pages in length.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: The Pig Book Citizens Against Government Waste, 2013-09-17 The federal government wastes your tax dollars worse than a drunken sailor on shore leave. The 1984 Grace Commission uncovered that the Department of Defense spent $640 for a toilet seat and $436 for a hammer. Twenty years later things weren't much better. In 2004, Congress spent a record-breaking $22.9 billion dollars of your money on 10,656 of their pork-barrel projects. The war on terror has a lot to do with the record $413 billion in deficit spending, but it's also the result of pork over the last 18 years the likes of: - $50 million for an indoor rain forest in Iowa - $102 million to study screwworms which were long ago eradicated from American soil - $273,000 to combat goth culture in Missouri - $2.2 million to renovate the North Pole (Lucky for Santa!) - $50,000 for a tattoo removal program in California - $1 million for ornamental fish research Funny in some instances and jaw-droppingly stupid and wasteful in others, The Pig Book proves one thing about Capitol Hill: pork is king!
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Senior Training Technician (Police) National Learning Corporation, 2015 The Senior Training Technician (Police) Passbook(R) prepares you for your test by allowing you to take practice exams in the subjects you need to study. It provides hundreds of questions and answers in the areas that will likely be covered on your upcoming exam.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Police Administration Larry K. Gaines, John L. Worrall, 2011-01-20 POLICE ADMINISTRATION, International Edition, is a comprehensive yet easy to read, up-to-date introduction to police administration for academic courses and for practitioners preparing for a promotional exam. Practical applications and case studies, usually from specific departments, fully support the theoretical concepts. On the Job boxes highlight insights by working police administration professionals. Court cases are provided throughout to promote understanding of legal concepts which apply to the various aspects of administration. The book's real-world focus, backed up by theory, allows students to understand key issues such as conflict resolution, human resources, budgeting and collective bargaining. Actual documents, materials and forms that are used in law enforcement organizations across the country supplement the chapters, giving another layer to the training provided by this text. Current topics of terrorism and homeland security concerns, along with accountability and management of stress and fatigue are covered to equip students with a complete understanding of the intricacies of Police Administration.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: White Awareness Judy H. Katz, 1978 Stage 1.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Applied Criminology Brian Stout, Joe Yates, Brian Williams, 2008-05-06 This is the first book to cover comprehensively and accessibly the area of applied criminology. It draws together leading experts with experience of teaching, research and practice. Each chapter engages with the application of criminology in a particular area of the community and criminal justice system.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Effigy Allison M. Cotton, 2008 Effigy examines the images of a capital defendant portrayed during the guilt and penalty phases of a capital trial, the trial tactics used by attorneys to impart these images, and the consequences that result from the jury's attempt to reconcile contradictory images to place one in permanent record as a verdict. These images are starkly contrasted against the backdrop of a brutal murder in which the stereotypes of American fear are realized: Donta Page, the defendant, is an African American male from a low-income segment of society while Peyton Tuthill, the victim, was a Caucasian female from a middle-income suburb. The prosecuting attorneys depict the defendant as a savage beast, juxtaposing their image against that of a troubled youth as Page is portrayed by the defense attorneys. Slowly and methodically developed as figures with diametrically opposed features, none of which overlap or congeal, both of the images are portrayed as real (buttressed by the testimony of witnesses) rather than constructed. The jury is expected to render a verdict that accepts one and rejects the other: there is no middle ground. Book jacket.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections Robert Melvin Carter, Daniel Glaser, Leslie T. Wilkins, 1984
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Commercialization of Innovative Technologies C. Joseph Touhill, Gregory J. Touhill, Thomas A. O'Riordan, 2011-09-20 This book helps you find innovative new technology ideas and guides you through the complete lifecycle of product innovation, including screening, funding, development, and commercialization. It gives you an edge by enabling you to start off with a solid foundation and strategy. Commercialization of Innovative Technologies focuses on three core areas that set the stage for successful commercialization: Developing and managing a strong, flexible innovation team of inventors, investors, technologists, and entrepreneurs; building a portfolio that spreads risk; leveraging input from technologists throughout the commercialization process.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Exploring Criminal Justice: The Essentials Robert M. Regoli, John D. Hewitt, 2009-09-29 Exploring Criminal Justice: The Essentials provides an extensive overview of the American criminal justice system in a concise and accessible format. This engaging text examines the people and processes that make up the system and how they interact. It also covers the historic context and modern features of the criminal justice system and encourages students to think about how current events in crime affect their everyday lives. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Speaking Truth to Power Dean A. Dabney, Richard Tewksbury, 2016-08-02 Domestic drug enforcement takes many forms, from the rural patrol officer who happens upon a small-scale mobile “shake and bake” methamphetamine lab during a routine traffic stop, to the city narcotics detective who initiates a low-level buy-bust operation that nets a few hits of crack cocaine on the street corner, to the local, state, and federal agents working in multiagency task forces that coordinate a sting operation that nets thousands of kilos of near-pure cocaine being transported by tractor-trailer. Regardless of the form, there is a high probability that these authorities have exploited access to known offenders and exerted pressure on those individuals to gather inside information on illicit drug sales. These confidential informants provide intelligence on the inner workings of drug operations in exchange for leniency or remuneration, providing a relatively cheap source of intelligence that fuels much of the ongoing war on drugs. In other instances, law enforcement authorities will reach out to members of the criminal underworld who are willing to provide valuable intelligence in exchange for money. Despite the central role of informants in contemporary police operations, little is known about the shadowy relationships among law enforcement, snitches, and offenders. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the narcotics, homicide, and street-level vice operations in two major metropolitan police departments, Speaking Truth to Power takes readers to the front lines of the war on drugs to unravel this complex web of information exchange.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Court Systems and Practices ALEC Instructional Materials Service, 2017-09 An overview of the judiciary in the criminal justice system; including instruction relative to the American courts system, the nature of criminal law, criminal procedure and the judicial process, and the juvenile justice system.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Correctional Theory and Practice Clayton A. Hartjen, Edward E. Rhine, 1992 Correctional Theory and Practice is a unique contribution to the literature in criminal corrections. Combining knowledge, experience, and insights of academics as well as practitioners in addressing significant policy and programmatic issues faced by contemporary corrections, the book addresses both the theory and practice of correctional activities, ranging from supervising offenders in the community, the problems faced in working with juveniles, and the needs of older inmates, to general public policy in dealing with the overall problem of crime. In each case, significant problems faced by persons involved in the correctional enterprise are raised, and alternative ways of dealing with these problems are debated.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Blowing My Cover Lindsay Moran, 2005-11-01 Call me naïve, but when I was a girl-watching James Bond and devouring Harriet the Spy-all I wanted was to grow up to be a spy. Unlike most kids, I didn't lose my secret-agent aspirations. So as a bright-eyed, idealistic college grad, I sent my resume to the CIA. Getting in was a story in itself. I peed in more cups than you could imagine, and was nearly condemned as a sexual deviant by the staff psychologist. My roommates were getting freaked out by government investigators lurking around, asking questions about my past. Finally, the CIA was training me to crash cars into barriers at 60 mph. Jump out of airplanes with cargo attached to my body. Survive interrogation, travel in alias, lose a tail. One thing they didn't teach us was how to date a guy while lying to him about what you do for a living. That I had to figure out for myself. Then I was posted overseas. And that's when the real fun began.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Peculiar Institution David Garland, 2011-02-01 The U.S. death penalty is a peculiar institution, and a uniquely American one. Despite its comprehensive abolition elsewhere in the Western world, capital punishment continues in dozens of American states– a fact that is frequently discussed but rarely understood. The same puzzlement surrounds the peculiar form that American capital punishment now takes, with its uneven application, its seemingly endless delays, and the uncertainty of its ever being carried out in individual cases, none of which seem conducive to effective crime control or criminal justice. In a brilliantly provocative study, David Garland explains this tenacity and shows how death penalty practice has come to bear the distinctive hallmarks of America’s political institutions and cultural conflicts. America’s radical federalism and local democracy, as well as its legacy of violence and racism, account for our divergence from the rest of the West. Whereas the elites of other nations were able to impose nationwide abolition from above despite public objections, American elites are unable– and unwilling– to end a punishment that has the support of local majorities and a storied place in popular culture. In the course of hundreds of decisions, federal courts sought to rationalize and civilize an institution that too often resembled a lynching, producing layers of legal process but also delays and reversals. Yet the Supreme Court insists that the issue is to be decided by local political actors and public opinion. So the death penalty continues to respond to popular will, enhancing the power of criminal justice professionals, providing drama for the media, and bringing pleasure to a public audience who consumes its chilling tales. Garland brings a new clarity to our understanding of this peculiar institution– and a new challenge to supporters and opponents alike.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Higher Education Opportunity Act United States, 2008
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Contemporary Issues in Criminology Lesley Noaks, Mike Maguire, Michael Levi, 1995 Policing, crime, poverty, prison management - these are just some of the key issues facing society today. This book addresses such issues, raising questions that should be of interest not only to academic criminologists but also to all those involved in the criminal justice system.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Transforming the Police Charles M. Katz, Edward R. Maguire, 2020-01-17 Policing in the United States is at a crossroads; decisions made at this juncture are crucial. With the emergence of evidence-based policing, police leaders can draw on research when making choices about how to police their communities. Who will design the path forward and what will be the new standards for policing? This book brings together two qualified groups to lead the discussion: academics and experienced police professionals. The School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Arizona State University recruited faculty with expertise in policing and police research. This volume draws on that expertise to examine 13 specific areas in policing. Each chapter presents an issue and provides background before reviewing the available research on potential solutions and recommending specific reform measures. Response essays written by a current or former police leader follow each chapter and reflect on the recommendations in the chapter. The 13 chapters and response essays present new thinking about the police, their challenges, and the reforms police agencies should consider adopting. Policy makers, practitioners, educators, researchers, students and anyone interested in the future of policing will find valuable information about: the benefits of adopting evidence-based policing; leading strategic crime-control efforts; instituting procedural justice to enhance police legitimacy; reducing use of force; combatting racially biased policing; establishing civilian oversight; implementing a body-worn camera program; creating sentinel event reviews; developing police-university collaborations; facilitating organizational justice in police departments; improving officer health and wellness; handling protests; and increasing the effectiveness of police responses to sexual assault.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Southwestern Literature William Brannon, 2016 Presents a collection of original essays with a goal of providing an overview of scholarship regarding Southwestern literature.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: The American Court System Marilyn D. McShane, Franklin P. Williams, 1997 First Published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Justice Administration Kenneth J. Peak, 2006 Justice Administration: Police, Courts, and Corrections Management, Fifth Edition, is the only single-author book of its kind: exploring administration from a systems perspective and examining the organization, operation, personnel roles, functions, issues and practices of the police, courts, and corrections. Drawing on the author's 35 years of experience, the text offers an authentic and unique real -world perspective. This revision incorporates more than 30 case studies, discussions of future considerations, articles from Law Enforcement News and a new chapter on terrorism and homeland defense. Updated material addresses topics such as the Prison Litigation Reform Act, probation-police partnerships, computer crime and probation, and new technologies.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Controversies in Criminal Justice Scott H. Decker, Leanne Fiftal Alarid, 2003 This text provides two opposing viewpoints for each of sixteen criminal justice and criminology issues. Each issue contains one article favoring and one article against each issue, plus: An introduction of key concepts; Critical thinking questions; Internet websites for further research.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Gender, Crime, and Justice Pat Carlen, Anne Worrall, 1987 Contributors to this collection analyse the relationship between the position of women in British society and how they are represented and treated in courts and prisons.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Stress Management in Law Enforcement Leonard Territo, 2019
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Administration of Justice in the United States American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1910 This is a reprint of The Annuals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, July 1910. It focuses on the administration of justice in the United States, and features a discussion of the role of the courts as a safeguard of individual liberty.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Foundations of Criminal Law Leo Katz, Michael S. Moore, Stephen J. Morse, 1999 Foundations of Criminal Law is a collection of readings, including expert commentary. Addresses theory and evidence of the crime problem, as well as crime itself and its punishment. Discusses the principle of liability, including accomplice, attempt, and conspiracy liability. Also explores justification and excuse, and sentencing theory and practice.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Doing Ethnography in Criminology Stephen K. Rice, Michael D. Maltz, 2018-10-22 This innovative book examines the use of ethnography and fieldwork in Criminology and Criminal Justice Research. Using a combination of case studies, as well as “behind the scenes” contributions, it provides an comprehensive look at both the insights gained from ethnographic research, as well as the choices researchers make in conducting that work. The research is divided into three main sections, covering ethnographies of subcultures, ethnographies of place, and ethnographies of policing. It includes a diverse group of international contributors to provide perspectives on researchers’ selection of questions to study, and their decisions about using ethnography to study those questions. This work will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly with a qualitative perspective, as well as related fields such as sociology, anthropology, and demography. It will also be of interest to students studying research methods and design.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Criminal justice education and training National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, National Planning Association, 1978
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Graduate Study in Criminology and Criminal Justice Nicole Prior, 2015-05-20 This book provides information on graduate programs in the United States and Canada to students and professionals who are interested in attending post-baccalaureate education in criminology or criminal justice. The book contains information for each program and includes both brick-and-mortar and online programs. An introduction and a section on potential employment options provide context.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Coordinating the Criminal Justice System Leslie J. Smith, 2007-11-12 This guide was developed to assist students, professors, executives of local criminal justice systems, and appointed and elected officials of general government to have a better understanding on how the criminal justice system should function. It may also be of special interest to citizens and public officials who sense that more collaboration and coordination is needed to enhance criminal justice decision making which, in turn, will have a positive impact on local criminal justice systems. Leslie J. Smith advocates that the performance of the criminal justice system should be measured in terms of achieving the goals and objectives of each component collectively. Although the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of the U.S. government are constitutionally independent and not required to engage in any coordinated planning activities, these requirements should not lead to poor performance. It is essential to promote positive government through increased collaboration by identifying philosophical principles that will promote the participation of citizens, law enforcement, judiciary, prosecution, corrections, victims, treatment providers, and educators in the development of strategies to prevent, reduce and control crime. There are approximately twenty states throughout the United States that have fostered criminal justice collaborations of this type. The key to accomplishing this objective is effective leadership. This approach is growing in popularity and this book will assist in the further development of this strategy. This guide provides a step-by-step strategy that simplifies the aforementioned issues. It will be especially advantageous for newly appointed criminal coordinators, planners, and others that are charged with creating a hands-on approach to coordinating their local criminal justice processes. Above all, as criminal justice presses forward to the future, the guide will assist in bridging the gap between traditional and contemporary approaches to criminal justice plann
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: The National Manpower Survey of the Criminal Justice System: Criminal justice education and training National Planning Association, National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, 1978
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Crime, Criminal Justice, and the Evolving Science of Criminology in South Asia Shahid M. Shahidullah, 2017-03-30 Written by some of the most notable criminologists of South Asia, this book examines advances in law, criminal justice, and criminology in South Asia with particular reference to India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The edited collection explores, on the basis of surveys, interviews, court records, and legislative documents, a wide range of timely issues such as: the impacts of modernization and globalization on laws combating violence against women and children, evolution of rape laws and the issues of gender justice, laws for combating online child sexual abuse, transformation in juvenile justice, integration of women into policing, the dynamics of violence and civility, and the birth of colonial criminology in South Asia. Students of criminology and criminal justice, practitioners, policy-makers, and human rights advocates will find this distinctive volume highly valuable.
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics , 1988
  bachelor of science in criminal justice administration: The National Manpower Survey of the Criminal Justice System National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, 1978
The Bachelor - Reddit
Oct 19, 2023 · We do not allow posts sharing your social media interactions with BN members. Examples include …

Can I apply for a PhD program right after my Bachelors degr…
Mar 9, 2023 · Hello everyone, I have finished my bachelor in Engineering and I want to apply for a PhD …

Why is it called a “Bachelor’s” degree? : r/AskHistorians - Re…
Feb 19, 2019 · In Latin, “bachelor” is baccalaureus (or baccalarius).Flattering themselves, medieval scholars …

Is a Bachelor’s degree in Information Technology wort…
Mar 1, 2023 · A Bachelor's degree in Information Technology can be a valuable asset in today's job market. …

MUST Do’s? (& Dont’s) - Vegas Bachelor Party : r/vegas - Red…
May 26, 2023 · Best tip I can offer…. For the love god. Don’t try and cram a whole bachelor party in one room. …

The Bachelor - Reddit
Oct 19, 2023 · We do not allow posts sharing your social media interactions with BN members. Examples include DMs between yourself and a Bachelor Nation member, comments made by …

Can I apply for a PhD program right after my Bachelors degree?
Mar 9, 2023 · Hello everyone, I have finished my bachelor in Engineering and I want to apply for a PhD program but I don't have any publications. So can anyone tell me is this a good idea or …

Why is it called a “Bachelor’s” degree? : r/AskHistorians - Reddit
Feb 19, 2019 · In Latin, “bachelor” is baccalaureus (or baccalarius).Flattering themselves, medieval scholars thought it came from the phrase bacca lauri, which means “laurel berry,” …

Is a Bachelor’s degree in Information Technology worth it ... - Reddit
Mar 1, 2023 · A Bachelor's degree in Information Technology can be a valuable asset in today's job market. You know what, a bachelor's degree in information technology can put you in a …

MUST Do’s? (& Dont’s) - Vegas Bachelor Party : r/vegas - Reddit
May 26, 2023 · Best tip I can offer…. For the love god. Don’t try and cram a whole bachelor party in one room. Besides the cost of finding a suite big enough, it’s just going to be uncomfortable. …

Game Changer 5.07 Episode Discussion: "The Bachelor (Part 2)"
Feb 21, 2023 · The next episode of Game Changer, "The Bachelor (Part 2)", is out NOW, starring Sam Reich and Grant O'Brien! What were your thoughts on this episode? Contestants: Abel …

Did the phrase “confirmed bachelor” always imply ... - Reddit
Apr 19, 2018 · Prior to the 1970s, the term "confirmed bachelor" was much more commonly used to apply to a (presumed heterosexual) man possessed of what The Nation (in 1913) termed a …

What types of jobs can I pursue with a Bachelor's Degree in
Hello, I (22F) just graduated from college with a Bachelor's degree in Psychology. I have decided to take a year off of school before going back to get my Master's. I had planned to start working …

What are the pros and cons of getting 2 bachelor degrees?
Dec 4, 2020 · Hi r/college, so I know that the obvious pros of getting 2 bachelor degrees are of course a wider breadth of knowledge, more skills, more opportunities, etc. However I'm also …

Is SNHU (online) actually as good of a college as it seems?
Oct 23, 2022 · I found SNHU to be equally as rigorous but studying online required me to become a better self-learner. The flexibility was certainly worth the switch and I saved tens of …