Advertisement
| balance theory psychology definition: Control Balance Charles R. Tittle, 2019-08-28 A major contribution to the field of crime/deviance, this volume by noted criminologist Charles R. Tittle puts forth an integrated theory of deviance?control balance. Its central premise is that the total amount of control people are subjected to, relative to the control they can exercise, will affect the probability and type of their deviant behav |
| balance theory psychology definition: The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations Fritz Heider, 1982 First Published in 1982. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Cognitive Consistency Bertram Gawronski, Fritz Strack, 2012-01-27 This volume provides an overview of recent research on the nature, causes, and consequences of cognitive consistency. In 21 chapters, leading scholars address the pivotal role of consistency principles at various levels of social information processing, ranging from micro-level to macro-level processes. The book's scope encompasses mental representation, processing fluency and motivational fit, implicit social cognition, thinking and reasoning, decision making and choice, and interpersonal processes. Key findings, emerging themes, and current directions in the field are explored, and important questions for future research identified. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Social Relations Modeling of Behavior in Dyads and Groups Thomas E. Malloy, 2018-08-10 Social Relations Modeling of Behavior in Dyads and Groups covers software, interpersonal perception (adult and children), the SRM with roles (e.g. in families), and applications to non-human research. Written in an accessible way, and for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and researchers, author Thomas E. Malloy strives to make inherently abstract material and unusual statistics understandable. As the social relations model provides a straightforward conceptual model of the components that make up behaviors in dyads and groups, this book will provide a powerful conceptual and methodological toolbox to analyze behaviors in dyads and groups across the sciences. This book is specifically designed to make this toolbox accessible - beyond interpersonal perception phenomena. It helps identify the relevant phenomena and dynamics surrounding behaviors in dyads and groups, and goes on to assess and analyze them empirically. - Captures essential conceptual and methodological topics around the scientific analyses of behaviors in groups and dyads - Situates the SRM in the history of dyadic research - Offers detailed guidance on research design and measurement operations - Organizes models and empirical results into easily read figures and tables - Demonstrates how SRM variances and covariances can be used as dependent measures in experiments - Conceptualizes novel phenomena in personality psychology using the SRM |
| balance theory psychology definition: Choice Theory William Glasser, M.D., 2010-11-16 Dr. William Glasser offers a new psychology that, if practiced, could reverse our widespread inability to get along with one another, an inability that is the source of almost all unhappiness. For progress in human relationships, he explains that we must give up the punishing, relationship–destroying external control psychology. For example, if you are in an unhappy relationship right now, he proposes that one or both of you could be using external control psychology on the other. He goes further. And suggests that misery is always related to a current unsatisfying relationship. Contrary to what you may believe, your troubles are always now, never in the past. No one can change what happened yesterday. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Flow Mihaly Csikszent, 1991-03-13 An introduction to flow, a new field of behavioral science that offers life-fulfilling potential, explains its principles and shows how to introduce flow into all aspects of life, avoiding the interferences of disharmony. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Handbook of Work-Family Integration Karen Korabik, Donna S. Lero, Denise L. Whitehead, 2011-04-28 In today's industrialized societies, the majority of parents work full time while caring for and raising their children and managing household upkeep, trying to keep a precarious balance of fulfilling multiple roles as parent, worker, friend, & child. Increasingly demands of the workplace such as early or late hours, travel, commute, relocation, etc. conflict with the needs of being a parent. At the same time, it is through work that people increasingly define their identity and self-worth, and which provides the opportunity for personal growth, interaction with friends and colleagues, and which provides the income and benefits on which the family subsists. The interface between work and family is an area of increasing research, in terms of understanding stress, job burn out, self-esteem, gender roles, parenting behaviors, and how each facet affects the others. The research in this area has been widely scattered in journals in psychology, family studies, business, sociology, health, and economics, and presented in diverse conferences (e.g., APA, SIOP, Academy of Management). It is difficult for experts in the field to keep up with everything they need to know, with the information dispersed. This Handbook will fill this gap by synthesizing theory, research, policy, and workplace practice/organizational policy issues in one place. The book will be useful as a reference for researchers in the area, as a guide to practitioners and policy makers, and as a resource for teaching in both undergraduate and graduate courses. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Authentic Happiness Martin Seligman, 2011-01-11 In this important, entertaining book, one of the world's most celebrated psychologists, Martin Seligman, asserts that happiness can be learned and cultivated, and that everyone has the power to inject real joy into their lives. In Authentic Happiness, he describes the 24 strengths and virtues unique to the human psyche. Each of us, it seems, has at least five of these attributes, and can build on them to identify and develop to our maximum potential. By incorporating these strengths - which include kindness, originality, humour, optimism, curiosity, enthusiasm and generosity -- into our everyday lives, he tells us, we can reach new levels of optimism, happiness and productivity. Authentic Happiness provides a variety of tests and unique assessment tools to enable readers to discover and deploy those strengths at work, in love and in raising children. By accessing the very best in ourselves, we can improve the world around us and achieve new and lasting levels of authentic contentment and joy. |
| balance theory psychology definition: The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations F. Heider, 2013-05-13 Published in the year 1982, The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations is a valuable contribution to the field of Social Psychology. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Encyclopedia of Social Psychology Roy F. Baumeister, Kathleen D. Vohs, 2007-08-29 The set offers clear descriptions of commonly used and sometimes misunderstood terms, e.g., cultural differences, authoritarian personality, and neuroticism. The field has expanded since publication of The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, ed. by A. Manstead and M. Hewstone et al. (CH, Jan ′96, 33-2457), and this work is a valuable response to that. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels. —CHOICE Not long ago, social psychology was a small field consisting of creative, energetic researchers bent on trying to study a few vexing problems in normal adult human behavior with rigorous scientific methods. In a few short decades, the field has blossomed into a major intellectual force, with thousands of researchers worldwide exploring a stunningly diverse set of fascinating phenomena with an impressive arsenal of research methods and ever more carefully honed theories. The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is designed as a road map to this rapidly growing and important field and provides individuals with a simple, clear, jargon-free introduction. These two volumes include more than 600 entries chosen by a diverse team of experts to comprise an exhaustive list of the most important concepts. Entries provide brief, clear, and readable explanations to the vast number of ideas and concepts that make up the intellectual and scientific content in the area of social psychology. Key Features Provides background to each concept, explains what researchers are now doing with it, and discusses where it stands in relation to other concepts in the field Translates jargon into plain, clear, everyday language rather than speaking in the secret language of the discipline Offers contributions from prominent, well-respected researchers extending over the many subfields of social psychology that collectively have a truly amazing span of expertise Key Themes Action Control Antisocial Behaviors Attitude Culture Emotions Evolution Groups Health History Influence Interpersonal Relationships Judgment and Decision Making Methods Personality Prejudice Problem Behaviors Prosocial Behaviors Self Social Cognition Subdisciplines The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is the first resource to present students, researchers, scholars, and practitioners with state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts from this fascinating field. It is a must have resource for all academic libraries. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Friendship Processes Beverley Fehr, 1996 In this marvelous book, Beverly Fehr presents a comprehensive and richly detailed examination of what scholars have learned about the formation, maintenance, and dissolution of friendships. . . . Overall, a model of careful scholarship, clear writing, and good sense. For anyone studying friendships, there is no better place to start. This is perhaps the best book of its kind. --Choice Friends are an integral part of our lives--they sometimes replace family relationships and often form the basis for romantic relationships. Friendship Processes, new in the Sage Series on Close Relationships, examines exactly how friends give meaning to our lives and why we rely so heavily on them. Broad in its coverage, the book is process oriented and research based with each phase of the friendship process documented by empirical research. The result is a conceptual framework that illuminates the fascinating components of how we make friends, how we become close, how we maintain friends, and how friendships deteriorate and dissolve. Author Beverley Fehr equips the reader with valuable knowledge about the formations and continuations of the intriguing personal relationship called friendship. Friendship Processes also illustrates well the fact that, as a field of study, close relationships is maturing rapidly. Promising to be the definitive study of the subject for many years to come, this book will be of particular interest to professionals, academics, and students of social psychology, sociology, communication, family studies, and social work as well as any interested reader who is anxious to deepen his or her understanding and appreciation of a very engaging topic. |
| balance theory psychology definition: A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Leon Festinger, 1962 Originally published: Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson, c1957. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Computational Network Science Henry Hexmoor, 2014-09-23 The emerging field of network science represents a new style of research that can unify such traditionally-diverse fields as sociology, economics, physics, biology, and computer science. It is a powerful tool in analyzing both natural and man-made systems, using the relationships between players within these networks and between the networks themselves to gain insight into the nature of each field. Until now, studies in network science have been focused on particular relationships that require varied and sometimes-incompatible datasets, which has kept it from being a truly universal discipline. Computational Network Science seeks to unify the methods used to analyze these diverse fields. This book provides an introduction to the field of Network Science and provides the groundwork for a computational, algorithm-based approach to network and system analysis in a new and important way. This new approach would remove the need for tedious human-based analysis of different datasets and help researchers spend more time on the qualitative aspects of network science research. - Demystifies media hype regarding Network Science and serves as a fast-paced introduction to state-of-the-art concepts and systems related to network science - Comprehensive coverage of Network Science algorithms, methodologies, and common problems - Includes references to formative and updated developments in the field - Coverage spans mathematical sociology, economics, political science, and biological networks |
| balance theory psychology definition: Philosophy of Biology , 2007-02-05 Philosophy of Biology is a rapidly expanding field. It is concerned with explanatory concepts in evolution, genetics, and ecology. This collection of 25 essays by leading researchers provides an overview of the state of the field. These essays are wholly new; none of them could have been written even ten years ago. They demonstrate how philosophical analysis has been able to contribute to sometimes contested areas of scientific theory making.-Written by internationally acknowledged leaders in the field- Entries make original contributions as well as summarizing state of the art discoveries in the field- Easy to read and understand |
| balance theory psychology definition: The Psychology and Sociology of Literature Dick H. Schram, Gerard Steen, 2001-01-01 The Psychology and Sociology of Literature is a collection of 25 chapters on literature by some of the leading psychologists, sociologists, and literary scholars in the field of the empirical study of literature. Contributors include Ziva Ben-Porat, Gerry Cupchik, Art Graesser, Rachel Giora, Norbert Groeben, Colin Martindale, David Miall, Willie van Peer, Kees van Rees, Siegfried Schmidt, Hugo Verdaasdonk, and Rolf Zwaan. Topics include literature and the reading process; the role of poetic language, metaphor, and irony; cathartic and Freudian effects; literature and creativity; the career of the literary author; literature and culture; literature and multicultural society, literature and the mass media; literature and the internet; and literature and history. An introduction by the editors situates the empirical study of literature within an academic context.The chapters are all invited and refereed contributions, collected to honor the scholarship and retirement of professor Elrud Ibsch, of the Free University of Amsterdam. Together they represent the state of the art in the empirical study of literature, a movement in literary studies which aims to produce reliable and valid scientific knowledge about literature as a means of verbal communication in its cultural context. Elrud Ibsch was one of the pioneers in Europe to promote this approach to literature some 25 years ago, and this volume takes stock of what has happened since.The Psychology and Sociology of Literature presents an invaluable overview of the results, promises, gaps, and needs of the empirical study of literature. It addresses social scientists as well as scholars in the humanities who are interested in literature as discourse. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Intrinsic Motivation Edward L. Deci, 2012-12-06 As I begin to write this Preface, I feel a rush of excitement. I have now finished the book; my gestalt is coming into completion. Throughout the months that I have been writing this, I have, indeed, been intrinsically motivated. Now that it is finished I feel quite competent and self-determining (see Chapter 2). Whether or not those who read the book will perceive me that way is also a concern of mine (an extrinsic one), but it is a wholly separate issue from the intrinsic rewards I have been experiencing. This book presents a theoretical perspective. It reviews an enormous amount of research which establishes unequivocally that intrinsic motivation exists. Also considered herein are various approaches to the conceptualizing of intrinsic motivation. The book concentrates on the approach which has developed out of the work of Robert White (1959), namely, that intrinsically motivated behaviors are ones which a person engages in so that he may feel competent and self-determining in relation to his environment. The book then considers the development of intrinsic motiva tion, how behaviors are motivated intrinsically, how they relate to and how intrinsic motivation is extrinsically motivated behaviors, affected by extrinsic rewards and controls. It also considers how changes in intrinsic motivation relate to changes in attitudes, how people attribute motivation to each other, how the attribution process is motivated, and how the process of perceiving motivation (and other internal states) in oneself relates to perceiving them in others. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Self-Efficacy, Adaptation, and Adjustment James E. Maddux, 2013-03-09 Covering over fifteen years of research, this compilation offers the first comprehensive review of the relationships between self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment. It discusses topics such as depression, anxiety, addictive disorders, vocational and career choice, preventive behavior, rehabilitation, stress, academic achievement and instruction, and collective efficacy. Psychologists concerned with social cognition and practitioners in clinical counseling will find this an invaluable reference. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Dictionary of Sport Psychology Dieter Hackfort, Robert J. Schinke, Bernd Strauss, 2019-02-02 Dictionary of Sport Psychology: Sport, Exercise, and Performing Arts is a comprehensive reference with hundreds of concise entries across sports, martial arts, exercise and fitness, performing arts and cultural sport psychology. This dictionary uses a global approach to cover philosophical and cultural backgrounds, theory, methodology, education and training and fields of application. Each entry includes phenomenon, subject description and definition, related theory and research, practice and application across sports and related performance domains. An authoritative, balanced and accessible presentation of the state-of-the-art in key subject areas, this dictionary is a must-have reference for anyone studying or practicing sport psychology. - Provides a diverse cultural perspective to ensure the broadest coverage of internationalization - Covers a broad scope of terms and concepts - Includes extended performance domains, such as music, dance, theater arts and the circus - Utilizes an alphabetical approach so entries are easily found and quickly referenced - Contains entries written by leading researchers and scholars across the globe |
| balance theory psychology definition: Dare to Lead Brené Brown, 2018-10-09 #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • Brené Brown has taught us what it means to dare greatly, rise strong, and brave the wilderness. Now, based on new research conducted with leaders, change makers, and culture shifters, she’s showing us how to put those ideas into practice so we can step up and lead. Don’t miss the five-part HBO Max docuseries Brené Brown: Atlas of the Heart! NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY BLOOMBERG Leadership is not about titles, status, and wielding power. A leader is anyone who takes responsibility for recognizing the potential in people and ideas, and has the courage to develop that potential. When we dare to lead, we don’t pretend to have the right answers; we stay curious and ask the right questions. We don’t see power as finite and hoard it; we know that power becomes infinite when we share it with others. We don’t avoid difficult conversations and situations; we lean into vulnerability when it’s necessary to do good work. But daring leadership in a culture defined by scarcity, fear, and uncertainty requires skill-building around traits that are deeply and uniquely human. The irony is that we’re choosing not to invest in developing the hearts and minds of leaders at the exact same time as we’re scrambling to figure out what we have to offer that machines and AI can’t do better and faster. What can we do better? Empathy, connection, and courage, to start. Four-time #1 New York Times bestselling author Brené Brown has spent the past two decades studying the emotions and experiences that give meaning to our lives, and the past seven years working with transformative leaders and teams spanning the globe. She found that leaders in organizations ranging from small entrepreneurial startups and family-owned businesses to nonprofits, civic organizations, and Fortune 50 companies all ask the same question: How do you cultivate braver, more daring leaders, and how do you embed the value of courage in your culture? In this new book, Brown uses research, stories, and examples to answer these questions in the no-BS style that millions of readers have come to expect and love. Brown writes, “One of the most important findings of my career is that daring leadership is a collection of four skill sets that are 100 percent teachable, observable, and measurable. It’s learning and unlearning that requires brave work, tough conversations, and showing up with your whole heart. Easy? No. Because choosing courage over comfort is not always our default. Worth it? Always. We want to be brave with our lives and our work. It’s why we’re here.” Whether you’ve read Daring Greatly and Rising Strong or you’re new to Brené Brown’s work, this book is for anyone who wants to step up and into brave leadership. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Dual-process Theories in Social Psychology Shelly Chaiken, Yaacov Trope, 1999-02-19 This informative volume presents the first comprehensive review of research and theory on dual-process models of social information processing. These models distinguish between qualitatively different modes of information processing in making decisions and solving problems (e.g., associative versus rule-based, controlled versus uncontrolled, and affective versus cognitive modes). Leading contributors review the basic assumptions of these approaches and review the ways they have been applied and tested in such areas as attitudes, stereotyping, person perception, memory, and judgment. Also examined are the relationships between different sets of processing modes, the factors that determine their utilization, and how they work in combination to affect responses to social information. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Game Theory in Biology John M. McNamara, Olof Leimar, 2020 This novel reassessment of the field presents the central concepts in evolutionary game theory and provides an authoritative and up-to-date account. The focus is on concepts that are important for biologists in their attempts to explain observations. This strong connection between concepts and applications is a recurrent theme throughout the book. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Social Psychology J. Richard Eiser, 1986-08-14 This text provides a broad critical review of the various empirical and theoretical traditions in social psychology. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Networks, Crowds, and Markets David Easley, Jon Kleinberg, 2010-07-19 Are all film stars linked to Kevin Bacon? Why do the stock markets rise and fall sharply on the strength of a vague rumour? How does gossip spread so quickly? Are we all related through six degrees of separation? There is a growing awareness of the complex networks that pervade modern society. We see them in the rapid growth of the internet, the ease of global communication, the swift spread of news and information, and in the way epidemics and financial crises develop with startling speed and intensity. This introductory book on the new science of networks takes an interdisciplinary approach, using economics, sociology, computing, information science and applied mathematics to address fundamental questions about the links that connect us, and the ways that our decisions can have consequences for others. |
| balance theory psychology definition: The Handbook of Behavior Change Martin S. Hagger, Linda D. Cameron, Kyra Hamilton, Nelli Hankonen, Taru Lintunen, 2020-07-15 Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior. |
| balance theory psychology definition: When Prophecy Fails Leon Festinger, Henry W Riecken, Stanley Schachter, 2024-03-26 The study reported in this volume grew out of some theoretical work one phase of which bore specifically on the behavior of individuals in social movements that made specific (and unfulfilled) prophecies. We had been forced to depend chiefly on historical records to judge the adequacy of our theoretical ideas until we by chance discovered the social movement that we report in this book. At the time we learned of it the movement was in mid-career but the prophecy about which it was centered had not yet been disconfirmed. We were understandably eager to undertake a study that could test our theoretical ideas under natural conditions.That we were able to do this study was in great measure due to the support obtained through the Laboratory for Research in Social Relations of the University of Minnesota. This study is a project of the Laboratory and was carried out while we were all members of its staff. We should also like to acknowledge the help we received through a grant-in-aid from the Ford Foundation to one of the authors a grant that made preliminary exploration of the field situation possible. |
| balance theory psychology definition: The Handbook of Social Psychology Gardner Lindzey, 1998 This handbook for social psychologists has been updated to reflect changes in the field since its original publication. New topics include emotions, self, and automaticity, and it is structured to show the levels of analysis used by psychologists. |
| balance theory psychology definition: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Triangle Of Love Robert J. Sternberg, 1988-11-08 A psychologist's view of the 3 essential core ingredients of love: intimacy, passion and commitment. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Work-Life Balance Fiona Jones, Ronald J Burke, Mina Westman, 2013-04-15 What are the effects of conflict between home and work? Does work stress affect those who live with you? In the rapidly changing modern work environment, time pressures seem ever increasing and new technology allows work to be conducted any time and anywhere. These are just two of the factors that make it more and more difficult for working men and women to integrate work and home life. Consequently, there is a need for flexible and innovative solutions to manage the work-home interface. Work-Life Balance: A Psychological Perspective presents up-to-date information on work-home issues, including the latest research findings. The book’s emphasis is strongly psychological, with a focus on practical solutions, and includes chapters which deal with psychological issues such as the conflict between work and family, how work stresses may affect partners, and recovery from work. It also includes sections on legal issues, as well as examples of initiatives being implemented by leading employers. Contributors are drawn from the leading researchers in their fields and reflect the international character of the current challenges facing employers and employees. Its practical focus and innovative approach make this an essential book for managers, HR professionals and organizational psychologists, as well as students in these disciplines. The theoretical basis and research focus mean the book will also be invaluable for researchers investigating workplace issues. |
| balance theory psychology definition: The Conflict Helix R. J. Rummel, This is a book on conflict and consensus aimed at the general reader. In active, plain and direct language it makes the seemingly abstract and complex issues simple. Its view of peace is well-rounded, tough-minded, one that well understands the difficult world of social and personal violence and conflict. At its heart is a simple finding: to wage peace we need to foster freedom. The human race can best achieve that simple aim by leaving people alone to form their own communities. The Conflict Helix avoids the ambiguous in favor of the categorical; the hedged, qualified statement for the direct Rummel presents a series of basic principles, each concerning an aspect of conflict and peace - psychological, interpersonal, societal, international - and each aspect having its own master principle. These principles are not mere organizational props, but are deeply theoretical and empirically fundamental. The volume expresses the core ideas, results and conclusions of Rummel's major, five-volume work on Understanding Conflict and War. In discarding technical material and focusing on principles and meaning, The Conflict Helix presents an executive summary of a lifetime of work in a digestible form. In light of recent events in Europe, Asia and Latin American this work takes on a special poignancy for the developing no less than the industrialized worlds. Hence, this book should be of value to the general reader as well as professionals and advanced students of international politics. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Attitude Strength Richard E. Petty, Jon A. Krosnick, 2014-01-14 Social psychologists have long recognized the possibility that attitudes might differ from one another in terms of their strength, but only recently had the profound implications of this view been explored. Yet because investigators in the area were pursuing interesting but independent programs of research exploring different aspects of strength, there was little articulation of assumptions underlying the work, and little effort to establish a common research agenda. The goals of this book are to highlight these assumptions, to review the discoveries this work has produced, and to suggest directions for future work in the area. The chapter authors include individuals who have made significant contributions to the published literature and represent a diversity of perspectives on the topic. In addition to providing an overview of the broad area of attitude strength, particular chapters deal in depth with specific features of attitudes related to strength and integrate the diverse bodies of relevant theory and empirical evidence. The book will be of interest to graduate students initiating work on attitudes as well as to longstanding scholars in the field. Because of the many potential directions for application of work on attitude strength to amelioration of social problems, the book will be valuable to scholars in various applied disciplines such as political science, marketing, sociology, public opinion, and others studying attitudinal phenomena. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Personality in Adulthood Paul T. Costa, Jr., Robert R. McCrae, 2013-10-18 Now in a revised and expanded second edition, this influential work argues for the enduring stability of personality across adult development. It also offers a highly accessible introduction to the five-factor model of personality. Critically reviewing different theories of personality and adult development, the authors explain the logic behind the scientific assessment of personality, present a comprehensive model of trait structure, and examine patterns of trait stability and change after age 30, incorporating data from ongoing cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The second edition has been updated throughout with the authors' new findings, ideas, and interpretations, and includes a new chapter on cross-cultural research. It culminates in an additional new chapter that presents a comprehensive theory of personality grounded in the five-factor model. |
| balance theory psychology definition: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology Harold L. Miller, Jr., 2016-01-05 Drawing together a team of international scholars, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology examines the contemporary landscape of all the key theories and theorists, presenting them in the context needed to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Key features include: · Approximately 300 signed entries fill two volumes · Entries are followed by Cross-References and Further Readings · A Reader's Guide in the front matter groups entries thematically · A detailed Index and the Cross-References provide for effective search-and-browse in the electronic version · Back matter includes a Chronology of theory within the field of psychology, a Master Bibliography, and an annotated Resource Guide to classic books in this field, journals, associations, and their websites The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology is an exceptional and scholarly source for researching the theory of psychology, making it a must-have reference for all academic libraries. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Willful Blindness Margaret Heffernan, 2011-03-01 “With deft prose and page after page of keen insights, Heffernan shows why we close our eyes to facts that threaten our families, our livelihood, and our self-image--and, even better, she points the way out of the darkness.” --Daniel H. Pink In the tradition of Malcolm Gladwell and Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Margaret Heffernan's Willful Blindness is a tour de force on human behavior that will open your eyes. Why, after every major accident and blunder, do we look back and say, How could we have been so blind? Why do some people see what others don't? And how can we change? Drawing on studies by psychologists and neuroscientists, and from interviews with business leaders, whistleblowers, and white collar criminals, distinguished businesswoman and writer Margaret Heffernan examines the phenomenon of willful blindness, exploring the reasons that individuals and groups are blind to impending personal tragedies, corporate collapses, engineering failures-even crimes against humanity. We turn a blind eye in order to feel safe, to avoid conflict, to reduce anxiety, and to protect prestige. But greater understanding leads to solutions, and Heffernan shows how-by challenging our biases, encouraging debate, discouraging conformity, and not backing away from difficult or complicated problems-we can be more mindful of what's going on around us and be proactive instead of reactive. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Psychology Frank J. Bruno, 2002-11-11 * A complete course, from brain biology to abnormal psychology * Hundreds of questions and many review tests * Key concepts and terms defined and explained Master key concepts. Answer challenging questions. Prepare for exams. Learn at your own pace. What are the two basic psychological dimensions of emotions? How do you define abnormal behavior? Is extrasensory perception real? What is Viktor Frankl known for? With Psychology: A Self-Teaching Guide, you'll discover the answers to these questions and many more. Frank Bruno explains all the major psychological theories and terms in this book, covering perception, motivation, thinking, personality, sensation, intelligence, research methods, and much more. He presents the foundations of psychology and the biology of behavior; explores how children develop into adults and the psychological factors that make us individuals; and examines various mental disorders and the types of therapy used to treat them. The step-by-step, Q&A format of Psychology makes it fully accessible, providing an easily understood, comprehensive overview of the topic. Like the other popular Self-Teaching Guides, Psychology allows you to build gradually on what you have learned-at your own pace. Questions and self-tests reinforce the information in each chapter and allow you to skip ahead or focus on specific areas of concern. Packed with useful, up-to-date information, this clear, concise volume is a valuable learning tool and reference source for anyone who seeks a greater understanding of human behavior. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences Virgil Zeigler-Hill, Todd K. Shackelford, 2020-03-11 This Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of individual differences within the domain of personality, with major sub-topics including assessment and research design, taxonomy, biological factors, evolutionary evidence, motivation, cognition and emotion, as well as gender differences, cultural considerations, and personality disorders. It is an up-to-date reference for this increasingly important area and a key resource for those who study intelligence, personality, motivation, aptitude and their variations within members of a group. |
| balance theory psychology definition: The Ego and the ID Sigmund Freud, 2024-11-08 In his later work, Freud proposed that the human psyche could be divided into three parts: Id, ego and super-ego. Freud discussed this model in the 1920 essay Beyond the Pleasure Principle, and fully elaborated upon it in The Ego and the Id (1923), in which he developed it as an alternative to his previous topographic schema (i.e., conscious, unconscious and preconscious). The id is the completely unconscious, impulsive, childlike portion of the psyche that operates on the pleasure principle and is the source of basic impulses and drives; it seeks immediate pleasure and gratification. Freud acknowledged that his use of the term Id (das Es, the It) derives from the writings of Georg Groddeck. The super-ego is the moral component of the psyche, which takes into account no special circumstances in which the morally right thing may not be right for a given situation. The rational ego attempts to exact a balance between the impractical hedonism of the id and the equally impractical moralism of the super-ego; it is the part of the psyche that is usually reflected most directly in a person's actions. When overburdened or threatened by its tasks, it may employ defense mechanisms including denial repression, undoing, rationalization, repression, and displacement. This concept is usually represented by the Iceberg Model. This model represents the roles the Id, Ego, and Super Ego play in relation to conscious and unconscious thought. Freud compared the relationship between the ego and the id to that between a charioteer and his horses: the horses provide the energy and drive, while the charioteer provides direction. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Character Strengths and Virtues Christopher Peterson, Martin E. P. Seligman, 2004-04-08 Character has become a front-and-center topic in contemporary discourse, but this term does not have a fixed meaning. Character may be simply defined by what someone does not do, but a more active and thorough definition is necessary, one that addresses certain vital questions. Is character a singular characteristic of an individual, or is it composed of different aspects? Does character--however we define it--exist in degrees, or is it simply something one happens to have? How can character be developed? Can it be learned? Relatedly, can it be taught, and who might be the most effective teacher? What roles are played by family, schools, the media, religion, and the larger culture? This groundbreaking handbook of character strengths and virtues is the first progress report from a prestigious group of researchers who have undertaken the systematic classification and measurement of widely valued positive traits. They approach good character in terms of separate strengths-authenticity, persistence, kindness, gratitude, hope, humor, and so on-each of which exists in degrees. Character Strengths and Virtues classifies twenty-four specific strengths under six broad virtues that consistently emerge across history and culture: wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence. Each strength is thoroughly examined in its own chapter, with special attention to its meaning, explanation, measurement, causes, correlates, consequences, and development across the life span, as well as to strategies for its deliberate cultivation. This book demands the attention of anyone interested in psychology and what it can teach about the good life. |
| balance theory psychology definition: Brain Mapping Arthur W. Toga, 2015 A broad overview of neuroimaging offering reputable, foundational content for researchers and students across the biological and medical sciences. |
国外的账单中，"Balance" 和 "Credit" 都有余额的意思，这两个单 …
Balance在国外账单中一般意思是指账户余额不错，但也不一定和汉语中的余额完全对等，因为它也指账户中的积累数额。 只要是账户中的累计数都叫balance.
有问题，就会有答案 - 知乎
知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业、友善的社区 …
2025年几大跑鞋推荐介绍，小白看完就懂的跑步鞋选购攻略（6月）
May 21, 2025 · 亚瑟士、布鲁克斯（Brooks）、索康尼（Saucony）、纽巴伦（New Balance）是业界公认的世界四大跑鞋品牌。 除了四大跑鞋，还有Nike、美津浓、阿迪、耐克、多威的一些跑鞋也是 …
2025年佳明手表推荐：为什么佳明是最强的运动手 …
班克大叔：2024年华米手表全系产品对比及选购建议（gtr系列、tex系列、balance、Cheetah、falcon），附带华米和佳明、华为、苹果的横评对比！ 优秀健康辅助、丰富的鸿蒙生态、机械表颜 …
电脑开着高性能模式好还是平衡模式好？ - 知乎
win7 电源管理 有 这两种模式发现 开着 高性能 模式 cpu频率 一直 居高不下，而平衡模式 频率自动 调节，…
新手一枚，大佬能解释下机器学习中什么是baseline吗？ - 知乎
Baseline是机器学习中用于评估模型性能的基准线，常用作参考点以衡量模型改进效果。
EndNote里没有我想要投稿杂志的style，有没有办法添加呢？ - 知乎
可以到EndNote的主页上找相应的style，在这个链接EndNote Output Styles里可以搜索想要投稿的杂志参考文献格式的style，按照杂志名搜索就可以了，找到之后下载完xxx.ens, 复制粘贴到EndNote安 …
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G？ - 知乎
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G。C盘已经飘红了。
有问题，就会有答案 - 知乎
知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业、友善的社区 …
海淘一般都是去哪些网站？ - 知乎
Joe's New Balance Outlet. New Balance新百伦工厂店，价钱便宜每天有特价款. 2.Eastbay. 好多波鞋，各种运动，应有尽有. 衣服鞋帽. 1.Timberland. 国内外差价极大，常有促销. 2.Bluefly. 综合性服装 …
AP Psychology - AP Central
3. The response must apply the concept to the prompt. A definition alone will not earn the point, but a clear definition can support the application. 4. Examples provided in the Scoring Guidelines for …
FRANK HARARY of SIGNED DIGFXAPHS AND BALANCE
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PSYCHOLOGY 18, 260-269 (1978) Consistency in Marked Digraphs LOWELL W ... SIGNED DIGFXAPHS AND BALANCE Balance theory in the study of two-valued …
Piaget’s Theory of Intelligence - Temple University
Piaget’s Definition of Intelligence < 5> Intelligence constitutes the state of equilibriumtowards which tend all the successive adaptions of a sensori-motor and cognitive nature, as well as all …
Cognitive Load Theory - Medical College of Wisconsin
Cognitive Load Theory A Guide to Applying Cognitive Load Theory to Your Teaching May 2022 ... The psychology of learning and motivation, (Volume 2). New York: Academic Press. pp. 89–195. …
Cognitive Complexity and Cognitive Balance - JSTOR
Cognitive Complexity and Cognitive Balance * WILLIAM A. SCOTT, University of Colorado and Northwestern University ... 1 Fritz Heider, "Attitudes and Cognitive Organization," Journal of …
From Balance of Power to Balancing Behavior: The Long and
temic balance of power theory to the balancing behavior of states. I argue that a more complete definition of balancing behavior, rooted in systemic balance of power theory, is both possible and …
What Is Wisdom and How Can We Develop It? - JSTOR
Robert J. Sternberg is IBM Professor of Psychology and Education and Director ofthe Centerfor the Psychology of Abilities, Competencies, and Expertise at Yale. He is the 2003 President of the …
Cognitive Consistency Theory in Social Psychology: A …
psychology, neuroscience, animal research) and beyond (polit-ical science, economics, sociology, and philosophy, among others). The consistency paradigm spawned two major source-books …
Exploring ambivalence – more than a decisional balance?
Exploring ambivalence –more than a decisional balance? MINT Meeting, Miami, December 2, 2006 23 Exploring ambivalence can be about establishing a simple decisional balance •A decisional …
Work and Personal Life Boundary Management: Boundary …
the segmentation integration continuum.
THE NOTION OF WORK LIFE BALANCE, DETERMINING …
Sep 25, 2013 · Clark (2000) presented a work/family border theory, a new theory about work family balance. According to this theory, each of person’s roles takes place within a specific domain of …
The simplicity principle in perception and cognition - Rutgers …
definitions. A theory that is simple in one method of expression may appear complex in another, implying that simplicity lies “in the eye of the beholder.” A notorious example was the …
Fact Sheet: Vicarious Trauma Definition of Vicarious …
Definition of Compassion Fatigue Beyond empathy, it is also known as secondary traumatic stress (STS), a condition characterized by a gradual lessening of compassion over time. Can happen …
Social Balance Theory - University of Southampton
2. Heider’s Balance Theory The Heider’s balance theory is one of cognitive consistency theory which dominated social psychology in 1960’s (Greenwald et al, 2002). Furthermore, the balance …
The nature of consistency motivation: Consistency, …
Beginning with Heider’s (1946) early statement of balance theory, consistency motives have been notable in undergirding the conceptual formulations of many of the great early theorists of the …
The Psychology of Dynamic Balance and Peak Performance …
DYNAMIC BALANCE, CORRECTION THEORY 3 The Psychology of Dynamic Balance and Peak Performance in Sport: Correction Theory A psychological theory, if it is to be more than a …
Piaget on Equilibration1 - JSTOR
%PDF-1.4 %âãÏÓ 34 0 obj >stream Z™ ÿýÿ þþþ ¹ ¹”b6)¢7ðŒ>ÝÈ äI @t ñ -T.4ó ™5 © !gS'ŸU]ÀA ¾ ã·¯{ý›½¥ï;X 8¬ÎQ 'ؘS ßY"âÅ ...
The theory of cognitive dissonance - Adam Kowol
The theory of cognitive dissonance is one of the most significant and influential theories ... attempts to define communication but establishing a single definition has proved impossible (Littlejohn & …
Work–life balance supports can improve employee well-being
2 Introduce some theory of why work–life balance supports might improve well-being. 3 Report a study testing the theory. 4 Draw out the implications of the results for practice. Theoretical …
Gestalt and Art - JSTOR
theory has a kinship to certain poets and thinkers of the past, the nearest in time being Goethe. Gestalt theory, created mainly by three men, Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kdhler, and Kurt Koffka, …
Discovering Social Groups via Latent Structure Learning
Sep 27, 2018 · a plausible explanation of other theories of social relations—for example, balance theory. Keywords: latent structure learning, social categorization, ... Department of Psychology, …
Attribution Theories: How People Make Sense of Behavior
Heider’s Theory of Attribution Fritz Heider developed models of attribution for both object perception and person per-ception. His theory of object perception (first described in Heider, …
The challenge of defining wellbeing - International Journal of …
highlight the pertinence of dynamic equilibrium theory of wellbeing (Headey & Wearing, 1989), the effect of life challenges on homeostasis (Cummins, 2010) and the lifespan model of ... for a new …
Models of performance excellence: Four approaches to …
to sport psychology consulting, Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 9:2, 94-110, DOI: ... for practitioners include examples of how theory guides the ... definition of mindfulness was offered …
New Ways of Working: Impact on Working Conditions, Work …
In this chapter we examine the impact of NWW on work-family balance. We will first discuss the concept of NWW and their possible advantages and disad-vantages. In the next paragraph, we …
Review of Work-Life Balance Theories - GATR Enterprise
%PDF-1.7 %µµµµ 1 0 obj >/Metadata 358 0 R/ViewerPreferences 359 0 R>> endobj 2 0 obj > endobj 3 0 obj >/ExtGState >/XObject >/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC ...
The Self and Cognitive Balance: Improvements in Balance …
search on balance theory. Within the limits permissible to post factum analysis, it will be possible to show that taking the self into account helps to explain some of the anomalies in extant research. …
Systems Theory - SAGE Publications Inc
including psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and social work. The important distinction among the various fields adopting these principles was how they used other theories to explain the …
Erik Eriksonâ s Stages of Psychosocial Development - Simply …
Erikson’s theory outlines eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood. At each ... The balance between trust and mistrust allows the infant to learn that while there may …
14 The Dynamics of Balance Theory - Social Science …
differ from the long-run outcome (“balance”) presumed by the theory. 14.1 Balance theory In hisseminal contribution to balance theory, Heider (1946) focused on a simple social network with …
Work-Life Balance: an Integrative Review - Springer
identified at least four different definitions (conceptualizations) of work-life balance. The first definition involves attentive engagement in multiple roles (e.g., Marks 1977; Marks and …
Work-Life Balance: The Good and the Bad of Boundary …
Work-Life Balance: The Good and the Bad of Boundary Management Leduc, C. 1 , Houlfort, N. & Bourdeau, S. 1 1 Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
The relationship between occupational balance and health: …
balance of mind and body by avoiding ‘exercising either body or mind with-out the other, and thus preserv[ing] an equal and healthy balance between ... with the World Health Organisation …
The effect of social balance on social fragmentation
balance, where a society is strongly (weakly) balanced2 if it can be partitioned into two (multiple) mutually antagonistic groups [8–10]. The evolution of social networks towards a balanced state …
Chapter 3
(Luthans, 2008). In another words, a theory must grow out of systematic analysis of the past events. A theory could be likened to a map where a few points are known while the road between …
Coercion and crime: Convergences, divergences and ‘county …
2000) assimilated a number of criminological theories including: social control theory (Hirschi, 1969), general strain theory (Agnew, 1992), the general theory of crime (Gottfredson and Hirschi, …
Work Life Balance: Definitions, Causes, and Consequences …
(2008b) described balance as the extent to which investment in roles is consistent with the importance or salience an individual places on a role. Similarly, work–life balance has been …
Social Dominance Theory - Wiley Online Library
Social Dominance Theory FELICIA PRATTO AND ANDREW L. STEWART Social dominance theory is a multi - level theory of how societies maintain group - based dominance. Nearly all stable …
Chapter 9: Autotelic Personality - Uni Trier
mihalyi's definition of an autotelic personality was guided by the same balance as-sumption: Autotelic personalities have a greater ability to manage the intricate balance between the play of …
Work-family balance - ResearchGate
balance, and (d) explore strategies for promoting work-family balance. Because of the extensive work-family literature that has developed, I can- not provide an exhaustive review of each of …
The Self and Cognitive Balance: Improvements in Balance …
search on balance theory. Within the limits permissible to post factum analysis, it will be possible to show that taking the self into account helps to explain some of the anomalies in extant research. …
ROLLO MAY - Shippensburg University
existential psychology to the US. He spent the last years of his life in Tiburon, California, until he died in October of 1994. Theory Rollo May is the best known American existential psychologist. …
Optimal Distinctiveness Theory - Springer
the foundations of optimal distinctiveness theory. Basic Tenets of Optimal Distinctiveness Theory Optimal distinctiveness theory states that humans have two needs they must satisfy (Brewer …
Work-life balance: towards an integrated conceptual …
psychology and resources-and-demands theory. Consideration is given to the contributing factors (work and non-work ‘demands’ and ‘resources’), indicators (levels of ‘conflict’ and ‘facilitation’), …
The Psychology of Encouragement: Theory, Research, and …
The Psychology of Encouragement: Theory, Research, and Applications Y. Joel Wong1 Abstract Despite the frequent use of encouragement in everyday social life, encouragement remains an …
HOMEOSTASIS, NEED REDUCTION, AND MOTIVATION
variable definition can be well illustrated by the fate of Hull's construct of deprivation (21). In this case Hull sought to define a dynamic variable ... balance between the highly molecular, or …
HOW PEOPLE EXPERIENCE WORK LIFE BALANCE - DiVA portal
Different theoretical models were used to address work life balance: spillover theory, inter-role conflict theory and the job demands-resources model theory. Three industrial organizations …
www.nature.com/ijo REVIEW The glucostatic theory of …
The glucostatic theory of food intake control postulated that reduced glucose utilization in critical brain regions leads to perception and expression of hunger, and increased
The Impact of Work-Life Balance on Employee Mental Health: …
Mar 12, 2025 · 1.1 Key Theories of Work-Life Balance 1) Work-Family Conflict Theory . Work-family conflict (WFC) theory is one of the core theories in the study of work-life balance. This theory …
GCSE (9–1) PE - AQA
Balance is defined as ‘the maintenance of the centre of mass over the base of support’. It is important to realise that there are in fact two different types of balance: Static balance …
