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base rate information psychology: Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development Sam Goldstein, Jack A. Naglieri, 2010-11-23 This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks. |
base rate information psychology: Judgment Under Uncertainty Daniel Kahneman, Paul Slovic, Amos Tversky, 1982-04-30 Thirty-five chapters describe various judgmental heuristics and the biases they produce, not only in laboratory experiments, but in important social, medical, and political situations as well. Most review multiple studies or entire subareas rather than describing single experimental studies. |
base rate information psychology: Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, Psychometrics, and Methodology Gerhard H. Fischer, Donald Laming, 1993-12-17 Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, Psycho§ metrics and Methodology presents the most esteemed research findings of the 22nd European Mathematical Psychology Group meeting in Vienna, Austria, September 1991. The selection of work appearing in this volume contains not only contributions to mathematical psychology in the narrow sense, but also work in psychometrics and methodology, with the common element of all contributions being their attempt to deal with scientific problems in psychology with rigorous mathematics reasoning. The book contains 28 chapters divided into five parts: Perception, Learning, and Cognition; Choice and Reaction Time; Social Systems; Measurement and Psychometrics; and Methodology. It is of interest to all mathematical psychologists, educational psychologists, and graduate students in these areas. |
base rate information psychology: Practitioner’s Guide to Symptom Base Rates in Clinical Neuropsychology Robert J. McCaffrey, Anjali A. Palav, Sid O'Bryant, Andrew S. Labarge, 2012-12-06 This volume serves as an aid in the process of differential diagnosis which frequently confronts neuropsychologists. The guide is a compendium of information of the base rates of symptoms across a variety of disorders which neuropsychologists encounter. In addition to serving as a convenient source of information on symptom base rates, this volume also contains detailed cross referencing of symptoms across disorders. It is intended for use by clinical neuropsychologists and psychologists. |
base rate information psychology: Cognitive Illusions Rüdiger F Pohl, 2016-07-22 Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, the book defines what cognitive illusions are and discusses their theoretical status: are such illusions proof for a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? Throughout the book, background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias are discussed, before considering the respective empirical research, potential explanations of the phenomenon, and relevant applied perspectives. Each chapter also features the detailed description of an experiment that can be used as classroom demonstration. Featuring six new chapters, this edition has been thoroughly updated throughout to reflect recent research and changes of focus within the field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making and memory. |
base rate information psychology: Logically Fallacious Bo Bennett, 2012-02-19 This book is a crash course in effective reasoning, meant to catapult you into a world where you start to see things how they really are, not how you think they are. The focus of this book is on logical fallacies, which loosely defined, are simply errors in reasoning. With the reading of each page, you can make significant improvements in the way you reason and make decisions. Logically Fallacious is one of the most comprehensive collections of logical fallacies with all original examples and easy to understand descriptions, perfect for educators, debaters, or anyone who wants to improve his or her reasoning skills. Expose an irrational belief, keep a person rational for a day. Expose irrational thinking, keep a person rational for a lifetime. - Bo Bennett This 2021 Edition includes dozens of more logical fallacies with many updated examples. |
base rate information psychology: Psychology of Intelligence Analysis Richards J Heuer, 2020-03-05 In this seminal work, published by the C.I.A. itself, produced by Intelligence veteran Richards Heuer discusses three pivotal points. First, human minds are ill-equipped (poorly wired) to cope effectively with both inherent and induced uncertainty. Second, increased knowledge of our inherent biases tends to be of little assistance to the analyst. And lastly, tools and techniques that apply higher levels of critical thinking can substantially improve analysis on complex problems. |
base rate information psychology: The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making, 2 Volume Set Gideon Keren, George Wu, 2016-02-16 A comprehensive, up-to-date examination of the most important theory, concepts, methodological approaches, and applications in the burgeoning field of judgment and decision making (JDM) Emphasizes the growth of JDM applications with chapters devoted to medical decision making, decision making and the law, consumer behavior, and more Addresses controversial topics from multiple perspectives – such as choice from description versus choice from experience – and contrasts between empirical methodologies employed in behavioral economics and psychology Brings together a multi-disciplinary group of contributors from across the social sciences, including psychology, economics, marketing, finance, public policy, sociology, and philosophy 2 Volumes |
base rate information psychology: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
base rate information psychology: Cognitive Illusions Rüdiger F Pohl, 2012-12-06 Cognitive Illusions investigates a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. At the beginning of each chapter, leading researchers in the field introduce the background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias. This is followed by an explanation of the experimental context in which these illusions can be investigated and a theoretical discussion drawing conclusions about the wider implications of these fallacy and bias effects. Written with researchers and instructors in mind, this tightly edited, reader-friendly text provides both an overview of research in the area and many lively pedagogic features such as chapter summaries, further reading lists and suggestions for classroom demonstrations. |
base rate information psychology: Cognitive Psychology For Dummies Peter J. Hills, Michael Pake, 2016-03-15 Demystify the core concepts of cognitive psychology Written specifically for psychology students – and not other academics - Cognitive Psychology For Dummies is an accessible and entertaining introduction to the field. Unlike the dense and jargon-laden content found in most psychology textbooks, this practical guide provides readers with easy-to-understand explanations of the fundamental elements of cognitive psychology so that they are able obtain a firm grasp of the material. Cognitive Psychology For Dummies follows the structure of a typical university course, which makes it the perfect supplement for students in need of a clear and enjoyable overview of the topic. The complexities of a field that explores internal mental processes – including the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems – can be overwhelming for first-year psychology students. This practical resource cuts through the academic-speak to provide a clear understanding of the most important elements of cognitive psychology. Obtain a practical understanding of the core concepts of cognitive psychology Supplement required course reading with clear and easy-to-understand overviews Gain confidence in your ability to apply your knowledge of cognitive psychology Prepare for upcoming exams or topic discussions Cognitive Psychology For Dummies is the perfect resource for psychology students who need a clear and readable overview of the core concepts of cognitive psychology. |
base rate information psychology: Introduction to Modern Epidemiology Anders Ahlbom, Staffan Norell, 1990 |
base rate information psychology: Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation Cecil R. Reynolds, 2013-03-09 Neuropsychologists and forensic psychologists have long lacked a systematic, scientific means of assessing head injury cases, of distinguishing those plaintiffs whose pain and suffering is real and deserves just compensation from those who are simply faking it. Cecil R. Reynolds and his expert contributors provide the first definitive work on this subject, focusing on problems that beset clinicians who are called upon to evaluate head injuries in civil courts. They describe the major malingering detection techniques currently in use. |
base rate information psychology: Thinking, Fast and Slow Daniel Kahneman, 2011-10-25 *Major New York Times Bestseller *More than 2.6 million copies sold *One of The New York Times Book Review's ten best books of the year *Selected by The Wall Street Journal as one of the best nonfiction books of the year *Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient *Daniel Kahneman's work with Amos Tversky is the subject of Michael Lewis's best-selling The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds In his mega bestseller, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman, world-famous psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation—each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives—and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble. Topping bestseller lists for almost ten years, Thinking, Fast and Slow is a contemporary classic, an essential book that has changed the lives of millions of readers. |
base rate information psychology: Cognitive Biases in Visualizations Geoffrey Ellis, 2018-09-27 This book brings together the latest research in this new and exciting area of visualization, looking at classifying and modelling cognitive biases, together with user studies which reveal their undesirable impact on human judgement, and demonstrating how visual analytic techniques can provide effective support for mitigating key biases. A comprehensive coverage of this very relevant topic is provided though this collection of extended papers from the successful DECISIVe workshop at IEEE VIS, together with an introduction to cognitive biases and an invited chapter from a leading expert in intelligence analysis. Cognitive Biases in Visualizations will be of interest to a wide audience from those studying cognitive biases to visualization designers and practitioners. It offers a choice of research frameworks, help with the design of user studies, and proposals for the effective measurement of biases. The impact of human visualization literacy, competence and human cognition on cognitive biases are also examined, as well as the notion of system-induced biases. The well referenced chapters provide an excellent starting point for gaining an awareness of the detrimental effect that some cognitive biases can have on users’ decision-making. Human behavior is complex and we are only just starting to unravel the processes involved and investigate ways in which the computer can assist, however the final section supports the prospect that visual analytics, in particular, can counter some of the more common cognitive errors, which have been proven to be so costly. |
base rate information psychology: The Optimism Bias Tali Sharot, 2011-06-14 Psychologists have long been aware that most people maintain an irrationally positive outlook on life—but why? Turns out, we might be hardwired that way. In this absorbing exploration, Tali Sharot—one of the most innovative neuroscientists at work today—demonstrates that optimism may be crucial to human existence. The Optimism Bias explores how the brain generates hope and what happens when it fails; how the brains of optimists and pessimists differ; why we are terrible at predicting what will make us happy; how emotions strengthen our ability to recollect; how anticipation and dread affect us; how our optimistic illusions affect our financial, professional, and emotional decisions; and more. Drawing on cutting-edge science, The Optimism Bias provides us with startling new insight into the workings of the brain and the major role that optimism plays in determining how we live our lives. |
base rate information psychology: Reducing Underage Drinking Institute of Medicine, National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Developing a Strategy to Reduce and Prevent Underage Drinking, 2004-03-26 Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks †and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety. |
base rate information psychology: The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning Keith J. Holyoak, Robert G. Morrison, 2005-04-18 The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is the first comprehensive and authoritative handbook covering all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning. Written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual chapters summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history, and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading. The volume also includes work related to developmental, social and clinical psychology, philosophy, economics, artificial intelligence, linguistics, education, law, and medicine. Scholars and students in all these fields and others will find this to be a valuable collection. |
base rate information psychology: WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and ACS James A. Holdnack, Lisa Drozdick, Lawrence G. Weiss, Grant L. Iverson, 2013-06-20 This book provides users of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) with information on applying the WAIS-IV, including additional indexes and information regarding use in special populations for advanced clinical use and interpretation. The book offers sophisticated users of the WAIS-IV and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-IV) guidelines on how to enhance the clinical applicability of these tests. The first section of the book provides an overview of the WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and new Advanced Clinical Solutions for Use with the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV (ACS). In this section, examiners will learn: - Normal versus atypical score variability - Low-score prevalence in healthy adults versus clinical populations - Assessing whether poor performance reflects a decline in function or is the result of suboptimal effort New social cognition measures found in the ACS are also presented. The second part focuses on applying the topics in the first section to specific clinical conditions, including recommended protocols for specific clientele (e.g. using demographically adjusted norms when evaluating individuals with brain injury). Common clinical conditions are discussed, including Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, traumatic brain injury, and more. Each chapter provides case examples applying all three test batteries and using report examples as they are obtained from the scoring assistant. Finally, the use of the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV and the ACS in forensic settings is presented. - Coverage of administration and scoring of WAIS-IV, WMS-IV and ACS - Information contained on the use of WAIS-IV with special populations - Case studies in each chapter - Written by the creators of WAIS-IV, WMS-IV and ACS |
base rate information psychology: Model Rules of Professional Conduct American Bar Association. House of Delegates, Center for Professional Responsibility (American Bar Association), 2007 The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts. |
base rate information psychology: Preference, Belief, and Similarity Amos Tversky, 2003-11-21 Amos Tversky (1937–1996), a towering figure in cognitive and mathematical psychology, devoted his professional life to the study of similarity, judgment, and decision making. He had a unique ability to master the technicalities of normative ideals and then to intuit and demonstrate experimentally their systematic violation due to the vagaries and consequences of human information processing. He created new areas of study and helped transform disciplines as varied as economics, law, medicine, political science, philosophy, and statistics. This book collects forty of Tversky's articles, selected by him in collaboration with the editor during the last months of Tversky's life. It is divided into three sections: Similarity, Judgment, and Preferences. The Preferences section is subdivided into Probabilistic Models of Choice, Choice under Risk and Uncertainty, and Contingent Preferences. Included are several articles written with his frequent collaborator, Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman. |
base rate information psychology: Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior Jennifer Vonk, Todd Shackelford, 2022-04-01 This encyclopedia, representing one of the most multi-disciplinary areas of research, is a comprehensive examination of the key areas in animal cognition and behavior. It will serve as a complementary resource to the handbooks and journals that have emerged in the last decade on this topic, and will be a useful resource for student and researcher alike. With comprehensive coverage of this field, key concepts will be explored. These include social cognition, prey and predator detection, habitat selection, mating and parenting, development, genetics, physiology, memory, learning and perception. Attention is also given to animal-human co-evolution and interaction, and animal welfare. All entries are under the purview of acknowledged experts in the field. |
base rate information psychology: Progress in Social Psychology Martin Fishbein, 2015-06-19 Originally published in 1980, this title was the first of a new monograph series in social psychology. The editor presents a format for showing the progress of social psychology as a viable, exciting and relevant discipline. The papers contained in this volume represent progress in theory and method as well as in basic and applied research. In addition, recognising that not all social psychology is produced by people who label themselves as ‘social psychologists’ the volume contains the contributions of scholars who are best known for their work in other areas. |
base rate information psychology: Anatomy and Physiology J. Gordon Betts, Peter DeSaix, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, James A. Wise, Mark Womble, Kelly A. Young, 2013-04-25 |
base rate information psychology: Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Science of Children Birth to Age 8: Deepening and Broadening the Foundation for Success, 2015-07-23 Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children. |
base rate information psychology: Heuristics and Biases Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, Daniel Kahneman, 2002-07-08 This book, first published in 2002, compiles psychologists' best attempts to answer important questions about intuitive judgment. |
base rate information psychology: Staying Alive in Avalanche Terrain Bruce Tremper, 2001 Winter recreation in the mountains has increased steadily over the past few years, and so has the number of deaths and injuries caused by avalanches. Staying Alive in Avalanche Terrain covers everything you need to know to avoid trouble in avalanche terrain: what avalanches are and how they work, common myths, human activities that lead to avalanche trouble, what happens to victims when an avalanche occurs, and rescue techniques. Provides step- by-step instruction for determining avalanche hazards, using safe travel technique, and making effective rescues. |
base rate information psychology: The Science of Adolescent Risk-Taking National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Science of Adolescence, 2011-02-25 Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health. |
base rate information psychology: Flow Mihaly Csikszent, 1991-03-13 An introduction to flow, a new field of behavioral science that offers life-fulfilling potential, explains its principles and shows how to introduce flow into all aspects of life, avoiding the interferences of disharmony. |
base rate information psychology: Consciousness and Qualia Leopold Stubenberg, 1998 Consciousness and Qualia is a philosophical study of qualitative consciousness, characteristic examples of which are pains, experienced colors, sounds, etc. This study strives for phenomenological adequacy and thus the first-person point of view dominates throughout. |
base rate information psychology: Assessing Mathematical Proficiency Alan H. Schoenfeld, 2007-05-21 Testing matters! It can determine kids' and schools' futures. In a conference at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, mathematicians, maths education researchers, teachers, test developers, and policymakers gathered to work through critical issues related to mathematics assessment. They examined: the challenges of assessing student learning in ways that support instructional improvement; ethical issues related to assessment, including the impact of testing on urban and high-poverty schools; the different (and sometimes conflicting) needs of the different groups; and different frameworks, tools, and methods for assessment, comparing the kinds of information they offer about students' mathematical proficiency. This volume presents the results of the discussions. It highlights the kinds of information that different assessments can offer, including many examples of some of the best mathematics assessments worldwide. A special feature is an interview with a student about his knowledge of fractions and a demonstration of what interviews (versus standardized tests) can reveal. |
base rate information psychology: Positive Intelligence Shirzad Chamine, 2012 Chamine exposes how your mind is sabotaging you and keeping your from achieving your true potential. He shows you how to take concrete steps to unleash the vast, untapped powers of your mind. |
base rate information psychology: Behavioral Economics Philip J. Corr, Anke C. Plagnol, 2018 What is behavioral economics and why is it important? -- The ascent and dissent of economics -- Econ: homo economicus -- Human: more homer (simpson) than homo economicus -- Manners, monkeys and moods -- Nudge: whys, ways and weasels -- Sell! the commercial (and political) world of persuasion |
base rate information psychology: Attention and Associative Learning Chris J. Mitchell, Mike E. Le Pelley, 2010 This book brings together leading international learning and attention researchers to provide both a comprehensive and wide-ranging overview of the current state of knowledge of this area as well as new perspectives and directions for the future. |
base rate information psychology: Criminal & Behavioral Profiling Curt R. Bartol, Anne M. Bartol, 2012-08-29 'Criminal & Behavioral Profiling, ' written by well-established authors Curt and Anne Bartol, presents a realistic and empirically based look at the theory, research, and practice of modern criminal profiling, or, as it's more professionally termed, behavioral analysis or behavioral investigative analysis. Designed for use in a variety of criminal justice and psychology courses, the book delves into the process of identifying distinctive behavioral tendencies, geographical locations, demographic, and biographical descriptors of offenders, and personality traits, based on characteristics of the crime. Timely literature and case studies from the rapidly growing international research in criminal profiling help students understand the best practices, major pitfalls, and psychological concepts that are key to this process.--Back cover. |
base rate information psychology: Encyclopedia of Social Psychology Roy F. Baumeister, Kathleen D. Vohs, 2007-08-29 The set offers clear descriptions of commonly used and sometimes misunderstood terms, e.g., cultural differences, authoritarian personality, and neuroticism. The field has expanded since publication of The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, ed. by A. Manstead and M. Hewstone et al. (CH, Jan ′96, 33-2457), and this work is a valuable response to that. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels. —CHOICE Not long ago, social psychology was a small field consisting of creative, energetic researchers bent on trying to study a few vexing problems in normal adult human behavior with rigorous scientific methods. In a few short decades, the field has blossomed into a major intellectual force, with thousands of researchers worldwide exploring a stunningly diverse set of fascinating phenomena with an impressive arsenal of research methods and ever more carefully honed theories. The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is designed as a road map to this rapidly growing and important field and provides individuals with a simple, clear, jargon-free introduction. These two volumes include more than 600 entries chosen by a diverse team of experts to comprise an exhaustive list of the most important concepts. Entries provide brief, clear, and readable explanations to the vast number of ideas and concepts that make up the intellectual and scientific content in the area of social psychology. Key Features Provides background to each concept, explains what researchers are now doing with it, and discusses where it stands in relation to other concepts in the field Translates jargon into plain, clear, everyday language rather than speaking in the secret language of the discipline Offers contributions from prominent, well-respected researchers extending over the many subfields of social psychology that collectively have a truly amazing span of expertise Key Themes Action Control Antisocial Behaviors Attitude Culture Emotions Evolution Groups Health History Influence Interpersonal Relationships Judgment and Decision Making Methods Personality Prejudice Problem Behaviors Prosocial Behaviors Self Social Cognition Subdisciplines The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is the first resource to present students, researchers, scholars, and practitioners with state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts from this fascinating field. It is a must have resource for all academic libraries. |
base rate information psychology: Cognitive-Experiential Theory Seymour Epstein, 2014 In this book, Epstein presents a new theory of personality, referred to as cognitive-experiential theory (CET), that is integrative of all other major personality theories. |
base rate information psychology: How to Take a Chance Darrell Huff, 1978 |
base rate information psychology: Forensic Psychology Joanna Pozzulo, Adelle E. Forth, Craig Bennell, 2014-02-03 Note:To purchase the eText, please search for ISBN 10: 0133565254 / ISBN 13: 9780133565256. Forensic Psychology, 4th edition is a market-leading Canadian text that provides stimulating and accessible course materials by pioneers in the field. The authors have taken a broad-based perspective that incorporates both experimental and clinical topics. The text covers topics that might otherwise be discussed in traditional social and cognitive psychology courses-including eyewitness testimony, jury decision making, and police procedures-as well as topics that are clinical in nature and might otherwise be discussed in traditional personality or abnormal psychology courses-such as the meaning of being unfit to stand trial, mentally disordered offenders, and psychopathy. The authors' goal in this edition was to update important ideas, issues, and research in a way that students will understand and enjoy, and in some cases find useful in their professional careers. |
base rate information psychology: The Zones of Regulation Leah M. Kuypers, 2011 ... a curriculum geared toward helping students gain skills in consciously regulating their actions, which in turn leads to increased control and problem solving abilities. Using a cognitive behavior approach, the curriculum's learning activities are designed to help students recognize when they are in different states called zones, with each of four zones represented by a different color. In the activities, students also learn how to use strategies or tools to stay in a zone or move from one to another. Students explore calming techniques, cognitive strategies, and sensory supports so they will have a toolbox of methods to use to move between zones. To deepen students' understanding of how to self-regulate, the lessons set out to teach students these skills: how to read others' facial expressions and recognize a broader range of emotions, perspective about how others see and react to their behavior, insight into events that trigger their less regulated states, and when and how to use tools and problem solving skills. The curriculum's learning activities are presented in 18 lessons. To reinforce the concepts being taught, each lesson includes probing questions to discuss and instructions for one or more learning activities. Many lessons offer extension activities and ways to adapt the activity for individual student needs. The curriculum also includes worksheets, other handouts, and visuals to display and share. These can be photocopied from this book or printed from the accompanying CD.--Publisher's website. |
BASE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of BASE is the bottom of something considered as its support : foundation. How to use base in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Base.
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More than 400 mio. scientific documents from more than 11.000 content providers. BASE is one of the world's most voluminous search engines for academic web resources.
Base Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
BASE meaning: 1 : the bottom or lowest part of something the part on which something rests or is supported usually singular often used figuratively; 2 : something (such as a group of people or …
BASE definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary
A base is a system of counting and expressing numbers. The decimal system uses base 10, and the binary system uses base 2.
BASE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BASE definition: 1. the bottom part of an object, on which it rests, or the lowest part of something: 2. the main…. Learn more.
Base - definition of base by The Free Dictionary
The lowest or bottom part: the base of a cliff; the base of a lamp. 2. Biology. a. The part of a plant or animal organ that is nearest to its point of attachment. b. The point of attachment of such an …
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BASE definition: 1. the bottom part of something: 2. the main place where a person lives or works, or from where he…. Learn more.
Base Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Base definition: The lowest or bottom part.
Base | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
Base, in chemistry, any substance that in water solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the color of indicators (e.g., turns red litmus paper blue), reacts with acids to form …
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Definition of base noun in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
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Base-rate information influences these attributions. The research findings suggest that for brands with positive prior beliefs, a high (vs. low) base-rate of product-harm crises leads to less blame if
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3 Though human beings are notoriously bad at making use of explicitly-presented probabilistic base rate information (like the 85:15 information in the airplanes case), we are actually very good at …
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Stereotypes
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with examples. Third, base rate neglect is identified as a primary reason that projects underperform. This is supported by pre-sentation of the most comprehensive set of base rates …
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most perceptually salient information. Hence they overestimate the role of dispositional factors and underestimate the roles of both situational factors (Jones and Nisbett 1971) and base rate …
The Base Rate Book - Sorfis Investments
information and experience as well as find and appeal to an appropriate reference class, or base rate. Most executives and investors rely on their memory of prior instances as a basis for …
How to Improve Bayesian Reasoning Without Instruction: …
the basis of vital contributions to psychology, as when Piaget and Inhelder (1951/1975) added an ontogenetic dimension to their Enlightenment view of probabilistic reasoning. ... “salience,” …
Psychological Assessment - ResearchGate
Base rate information is important in clinical assessment because one cannot know how unusual or ... Gresham, Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. E …
The Psychology of the Unthinkable: Taboo Trade-Offs, …
The base-rate literature is both enormous and enormously con-troversial (Koehler, 1996). Our goal is not, however, just to add to the already formidable list of moderators of whether, and to what …
On the generality and cognitive basis of base-rate neglect
Mar 11, 2021 · 2 19 ABSTRACT - Base rate neglect refers to people’s apparent tendency to underweight or even 20 ignore base rate information when estimating posterior probabilities for …
Copyright 1993 by the American Psychological Association, …
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1993, Vol. 19, No. 5, 1151-1164 ... plausible, with one having a higher population base rate but less severe clinical ...
LEI, DAWAR, ZEYNEP GÜRHAN-CANLI* - JSTOR
JING LEI, NIRAJ DAWAR, andZEYNEPGÜRHAN-CANLI* Consumers spontaneously construct attributions for negative events such as product-harm crises. Base-rate information influences …
Automatic Vigilance: The Attention-Grabbing Power of …
sis. In Experiment 3, a diagnosticity (or base-rate) explanation of the vigilance effect was ruled out. The implications for deliberate processing in person perception and stereotyping are discussed. …
Base Rate Psychology Copy
The Base-rate Fallacy in School Psychology Mary Lynne Kennedy,1994 Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, Psychometrics, and Methodology Gerhard H. Fischer,Donald …
THE NUMERICAL PSYCHOLOGY OF PERFORMANCE …
performance information as less concrete, as it is an abstract aggregation of information that cannot be otherwise seen in the real world by the observer (Moynihan, 2008, p. 102). In media …
Contingency inferences from base rates: A parsimonious …
Psychology, University of Vienna, Universitätsstr. 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria 2 Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, ... may attempt to store base-rate information more …
Characterization of the Medical Symptom Validity Test in …
In order to better understand the implications of SVT failures, it is important to know the base rates and charac-terization of SVT performance in clinical populations without clearly established …
I A Brief Overview of Base Rates - Springer
The importance of base rates in the clinical sciences is fundamental. Variations and covariations in symptom base rates among various populations (including the lack of symptoms, or a base rate …
WPPSI-IV Interpretive Considerations for Charlie O. Jackson …
difference between two scores is statistically significant, it is listed in the report with a base rate to aid in interpretation. The base rate (BR) provides a basis for estimating how rare a particular …
Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3 - arXiv.org
base rate of different colors of taxis in a city into account when judging the probability of the color of a cab that was involved in an accident. Unlike people, GPT-3 did not fall for the base-rate …
ScienceDirect - UNC School of Social Work Clinical Lectures …
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un er nlcerta nty&, - JSTOR
1976). The tendency to ignore or to underutilize the base rate has been termed the "base-rate fallacy" (Bar-Hillel 1980; cf. Cohen 1979; Birnbaum 1983). Current work on underutilization of the …
Ch 8 - Thinking, Intelligence, and Language - WordPress.com
25.base rate fallacy the tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information 26.representativeness heuristic - the tendency to make judgements …
The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis: Drivers of Prediction …
Jan 12, 2015 · base rate neglect, and hindsight bias (Fischhoff & Bruine de Bruin, 1999; Fischhoff, Slovic, & Lichtenstein, 1977; Kahneman et al., ... Department of Psychology, University of …
The Introduction and Applications of Representativeness …
2.3 The Importance of Considering Base Rates Secondly, when faced with complex and general problems, people tend to take shortcuts and make decisions based on current descriptive …
Artificial Intelligence In Information Technology [PDF]
In Information Technology . In a downloadable PDF format ( PDF Size: *), this ebook is a beacon of encouragement. Download now and let the words propel you towards a brighter, more motivated …
Offender risk assessment - Australian Psychological Society
information (where possible) 3. Use formal risk assessment tools (actuarial or SPJ) for both the type of offending and the time frame in question 4. Choose tools with demonstrated reliability and …
Tendencies to Distort Self and Social Reality Barriers to Critical …
13. Base rate fallacy – tendency to ignore or underuse base-rate information (information that describes most people) and instead to be influenced by distinctive features of the case being …
EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY - Capital Punishment in Context
Psychology Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; e-mail: glwells@iastate.edu; vorndran@iastate.edu ... of theory and the scarcity of base-rate information from actual cases. …
Experts use base rates in real-world sequential decisions
2 Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany ... otherwise, it would be an indication of base-rate use. Base-rate information …
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Commentary JUDGMENT AND …
The extensive literature on base rate neglect suggests that the urge to refute is stronger than any urge to find fault in human nature. An early paper on the psychology of prediction suggested that …
THEORETICAL NOTES - University of California, San Diego
base-rate data is enhanced when a problem is framed as repeti-tiv e rather tha n uniqu (Kahnema and Tversky , 1979) w e observe d tha t th impac of base-rat data is increase when thes e data ar …
Amos Tversky and the Ascent of Behavioral Economics
inferences are insufficiently sensitive to such underlying base rates. Analogous arguments imply that subject inferences will be insensitive to sample size. [Subjects] assess the likelihood of a …
The Psychology of the Unthinkable: Taboo Trade-Offs, …
The base-rate literature is both enormous and enormously con-troversial (Koehler, 1996). Our goal is not, however, just to add to the already formidable list of moderators of whether, and to what …
THE BASE-RATE FALLACY IN PROBABILITY JUDGMENTS
ability is judged by representativeness, base rate information [may] be dominated” (Tversky and Kahneman 1980). Another interpretation of Kahneman and Tversky’s results was offered by …
The Psychology of the Unthinkable: Taboo Trade-Offs, …
The base-rate literature is both enormous and enormously con-troversial (Koehler, 1996). Our goal is not, however, just to add to the already formidable list of moderators of whether, and to what …
Teaching Bayesian Reasoning in Less Than Two Hours
cancer, given a base rate of 1 % for breast cancer a, hit rate of about 80%, and a false-alarm rat oef about 10% H.e reporte thad 9t 5 of 100 physicians estimate th probabilite d shy tha actualle t …
THE ROLES OF FEEDBACK AND PRIOR INFORMATION ON …
carried out in the study with this purpose. The base rates of test lists and type of information were manipulated in two experiments. The Base rates were 50%, 20% and 20% for three successive …
Article Smarter Than We Think - JSTOR
parts. First, the line with the base-rate information was pre-sentedfor4,000ms. Second,the descriptionwaspresentedfor 5,000ms (the baserates remained on the screen). Finally, the …
Selective Exposure and Exemplification within Sports Highlights
how attention to competing information within exem-plification theory (i.e., exemplars versus base-rate data) can impact viewing outcomes. Sports highlights reflect an ideal context for examining …
The Psychology of the Unthinkable: Taboo Trade-Offs, …
The base-rate literature is both enormous and enormously con-troversial (Koehler, 1996). Our goal is not, however, just to add to the already formidable list of moderators of whether, and to what …
WHEN DO COURTS THINK BASE RATE STATISTICS ARE …
because the Bayesian perspective does not offer any substantive distinction between base rate and individuating information."). 9. One researcher has suggested that base rates differ from the …
Do Third-Person Perceptions Amplify Exemplification Effects?
comprehend and recall than base-rate information (Zillmann, 2006, p. 225). In communication research, these findings are known as exemplification effects. This term refers to the stronger …
Subjective Probability: A Judgment of Representativeness
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Desire and Desire Regulation - Carlson School of Management
Study, we set out to approach this question empirically by collecting base rate information on the prevalence of various appetitive desires in every-day life (Hofmann, Baumeister, Förster, & Vohs, …