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| belarus russian language school: Belarus Patricia Levy, Michael Spilling, Caitlin Tessman, 2018-04-15 Belarus as an official autonomous country only achieved independence in 1991. With its history full of conflict, culture, and many different rulers, this former member of the Soviet Union must now face a future trying to balance influence and values from both the East and the West. The people of Belarus have struggled to find a national identity, but today they hold strong to their traditions, language, beliefs, lifestyle, and culture. Readers will learn about historic and modern Belarus through detailed writing, captivating photographs, engaging sidebars, and much more. |
| belarus russian language school: Belarus D. Marples, 1996-06-23 Belarus: From Soviet Rule to Nuclear Catastrophe examines the principal effects of Soviet rule on Belarus as the prelude to a detailed analysis of the medical and social consequences of the nuclear accident at Chernobyl. It places these problems into the contemporary political context and assesses the ability of the newly-independent state to deal with a disaster of such dimensions. |
| belarus russian language school: Belarus Andrew Savchenko, 2009 Belarus is known as the last dictatorship of Europe , yet its president enjoys public support. Its economy remains largely Soviet, yet exhibits high growth rates. Belarus styles itself as a European country yet clings to Russia as the only ally. The book explains these paradoxes by delving into history of Belarusian national institutions, including civil society, and the state.The book starts with an analysis of Belarusian national development from the time of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the short-lived Belarusian People s Republic of 1918. The discussion turns to the crucial interwar period, when all national institutions of modern Belarus had taken shape. Belarus s surprising ability to cope with post-Soviet economic and geopolitical changes is discussed in the final chapter. |
| belarus russian language school: The Soft Power of the Russian Language Arto Mustajoki, Ekaterina Protassova, Maria Yelenevskaya, 2019-06-12 Exploring Russian as a pluricentric language, this book provides a panoramic view of its use within and outside the nation and discusses the connections between language, politics, ideologies, and cultural contacts. Russian is widely used across the former Soviet republics and in the diaspora, but speakers outside Russia deviate from the metropolis in their use of the language and their attitudes towards it. Using country case studies from across the former Soviet Union and beyond, the contributors analyze the unifying role of the Russian language for developing transnational connections and show its value in the knowledge economy. They demonstrate that centrifugal developments of Russian and its pluricentricity are grounded in the language and education policies of their host countries, as well as the goals and functions of cultural institutions, such as schools, media, travel agencies, and others created by émigrés for their co-ethnics. This book also reveals the tensions between Russia’s attempts to homogenize the 'Russian world' and the divergence of regional versions of Russian reflecting cultural hybridity of the diaspora. Interdisciplinary in its approach, this book will prove useful to researchers of Russian and post-Soviet politics, Russian studies, Russian language and culture, linguistics, and immigration studies. Those studying multilingualism and heritage language teaching may also find it interesting. |
| belarus russian language school: Belarus Nigel Roberts, 2011 This new edition of the only English language guide available solely on Belarus, opens the door on the many hidden delights of a country that Europe almost forgot. |
| belarus russian language school: The New Penguin Russian Course Nicholas J. Brown, 1996-12 This updated version of the Penguin Russian Course introduces the learner, through translation extracts, to the culture and life of the modern (post Glasnost) Soviet Union that was, as well as to the Russian language. |
| belarus russian language school: Borderland Generation Jeffrey Koerber, 2020-02-06 Despite their common heritage, Jews born and raised on opposite sides of the Polish-Soviet border during the interwar period acquired distinct beliefs, values, and attitudes. Variances in civic commitment, school lessons, youth activities, religious observance, housing arrangements, and perceptions of security deeply influenced these adolescents who would soon face a common enemy. Set in two cities flanking the border, Grodno in the interwar Polish Republic and Vitebsk in the Soviet Union, Borderland Generation traces the prewar and wartime experiences of young adult Jews raised under distinct political and social systems. Each cohort harnessed the knowledge and skills attained during their formative years to seek survival during the Holocaust through narrow windows of chance. Antisemitism in Polish Grodno encouraged Jewish adolescents to seek the support of their peers in youth groups. Across the border to the east, the Soviet system offered young Vitebsk Jews opportunities for advancement not possible in Poland, but only if they integrated into the predominantly Slavic society. These backgrounds shaped responses during the Holocaust. Grodno Jews deported to concentration camps acted in continuity with prewar social behaviors by forming bonds with other prisoners. Young survivors among Vitebsk’s Jews often looked to survive by posing under false identities as Belarusians, Russians, or Tatars. Tapping archival resources in six languages, Borderland Generation offers an original and groundbreaking exploration of the ways in which young Polish and Soviet Jews fought for survival and the complex impulses that shaped their varying methods. |
| belarus russian language school: Contemporary Belarus Elena Korosteleva, Colin Lawson, Rosalind Marsh, 2003-08-27 Belarus is unique among the states of the former Soviet bloc, in that after a decade of transition', the country remains stalled' and backward-oriented. Political and economic changes are characterised by half-measures, and recently a new suppression of dissent has been introduced; the country balances between the prospect of democracy and a retreat to authoritarianism. These developments contrast starkly with the many democratic changes in neighbouring states and suggest a possible alternative path for future development in Eastern Europe. This book provides a thorough overview of current developments in Belarus. It looks at historical, political, economic and social changes, and at international relations, especially relations with Russia and the European Union, considering all these factors both in their domestic and international contexts and defines the type of democracy, if any, which exists in Belarus, exploring the prospects for further democratisation. |
| belarus russian language school: The Belarusian Shtetl Irina Kopchenova, Mikhail Krutikov, 2023-09-05 For centuries Jewish shtetls were an active part of Belarusian life; today, they are gone. The Belarusian Shtetl is a landmark volume which offers, for the first time in English, an illuminating look at the shtetls' histories, the lives lived and lost in them, and the memories, records, and physical traces of these communities that remain today. Since 2012, under the auspices of the Sefer Center for University Teaching of Jewish Civilization, teams of scholars and students from many different disciplines have returned to the sites of former Jewish shtetls in Belarus to reconstruct their past. These researchers have interviewed a wide range of both Jews and non-Jews to find and document traces of Shtetl history, to gain insights into community memories, and to discover surviving markers of identity and ethnic affiliation. In the process, they have also unearthed evidence from old cemeteries and prewar houses and the stories behind memorials erected for Holocaust victims. Drawing on the wealth of information these researchers have gathered, The Belarusian Shtetl creates compelling and richly textured portraits of the histories and everyday lives of each shtetl. Important for scholars and accessible to the public, these portraits set out to return the Jewish shtetls to their rightful places of prominence in the histories and legacies of Belarus. |
| belarus russian language school: Multilingualism in Post-Soviet Countries Aneta Pavlenko, 2008 In the past two decades, post-Soviet countries have emerged as a contested linguistic space, where disagreements over language and education policies have led to demonstrations, military conflicts and even secession. This collection offers an up-to-date comparative analysis of language and education policies and practices in post-Soviet countries. |
| belarus russian language school: The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe T. Kamusella, 2008-12-16 This work focuses on the ideological intertwining between Czech, Magyar, Polish and Slovak, and the corresponding nationalisms steeped in these languages. The analysis is set against the earlier political and ideological history of these languages, and the panorama of the emergence and political uses of other languages of the region. |
| belarus russian language school: The New Russian Diaspora Vladimir Shlapentokh, Munir Sendich, Emil Payin, 1994 In the wake of the USSR's collapse, more than 25 million Russians found themselves living outside Russian territory, their status ambiguous. This volume, prepared under the sponsorship of the Kennan Institute, offers a comprehensive and amply documented examination of the issue. |
| belarus russian language school: The Comparative Approach to National Movements Alexander Maxwell, 2014-07-16 Miroslav Hroch’s Social Preconditions of National Revival has profoundly influenced the study of nationalism since it first appeared in English translation, particularly because of its famous three-phase model for describing and analyzing national movements in Eastern Europe. Contributors to this book explore Hroch’s continued relevance to the field of nationalism studies with four case studies and two theoretical/historiographic essays. Two case studies apply Hroch’s thinking to Eastern Europe in light of subsequent historiography, finding that Hroch’s ideas remain useful for understanding national movements in Belarus and among the Kuban Cossacks. Two further studies apply Hroch’s schema to the Mexican independence movement and contemporary Pakistan – times and places that Hroch specifically excluded from his own considerations. The first theoretical contribution seeks to apply Begriffsgeschichte to Hroch’s work; the second suggests that Hroch’s phases form a useful typology of nationalism, thus facilitating communication between different branches of nationalism studies. Hroch ends the volume with his own commentary on the various contributions. This book was published as a special issue of Nationalities Papers. |
| belarus russian language school: Handbook of Language & Ethnic Identity Joshua A. Fishman, Ofelia García, 2010 |
| belarus russian language school: Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States 2012 M. Wesley Shoemaker, 2012-08 Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States 2011 is a volume in The World Today Series. Published and updated annually, this series provides both a short historical treatment and an up-to-date look at the various countries of the entire globe. Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States deals with the twelve independent republics that became members of the Commonwealth of Independent States following the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1992. The book focuses strongly on recent economic and political developments with shorter sections dealing with foreign policy, the military, religion, education, and specific cultural elements that help to define each republic and differentiate one from the other. Approximately one-third of the book is devoted to Russia, with shorter sections dealing with Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. There is also a section dealing with how the Commonwealth of Independent States came into being and how it has evolved since 1992. |
| belarus russian language school: Understanding Belarus and how Western Foreign Policy Misses the Mark Grigoriĭ Viktorovich Ioffe, 2008 In this fascinating study of unfinished nation-building in Belarus, Grigory Ioffe draws on his two dozen research trips to the country to trace Belarus's history, geography, political situation, society, and economy. The ambivalent relationship between Russia and Belarus results in an identity crisis that is not understood by the West, which leads to Western policies toward Belarus that are based on a fallacy of geopolitical thinking. This book will lead readers to a deeper understanding of Belarus, its relationship with Russia, and its still-forming national identity. |
| belarus russian language school: Russians As The New Minority Jeff Chinn, Robert Kaiser, 2019-07-11 Twenty-five million Russians live in the newly independent states carved from the territory of the former Soviet Union. When they or their ancestors emigrated to these non-Russian areas, they seldom saw themselves as having moved abroad. Now, with the dissolution of the USSR, these Russians find themselves to be minorities—often unwelcome—in new states created to fulfill the aspirations of indigenous populations. Will the governments of these newly independent states be able to accept the fact that their populations are multi-national? Will the formerly dominant and privileged Russians be able to live with their new status as equals or, more often, subordinates? To what extent do the new regimes' policies of accommodation or exclusion establish lasting patterns for relations between the titular majorities and the minority Russians? Developing the concept of interactive nationalism, this timely book explores the movement of Russians to the borderlands during the Russian Empire and Soviet times, the evolution of nationality policies during the Soviet era, and the processes of indigenization during the late Soviet period and under the newfound independence of the republics. The authors examine questions of citizenship, language policy, and political representation in each of the successor states, emphasizing the interaction between the indigenous population and the Russians. Through the use of case studies, the authors explore the tragic ethnic violence that has erupted since the demise of the Soviet Union, and weigh strategies for managing national conflict and developing stable democratic institutions that will respect the rights of all ethnic groups. Jeff Chinn is associate professor of political science at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Robert Kaiser is assistant professor of geography at the University of Missouri-Columbia. |
| belarus russian language school: Russia and Eurasia 2024–2025 Navruz Nekbakhtshoev, 2024-10-25 The World Today Series: Russia and Eurasia deals with twelve sovereign states that became independent following the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Approximately one-third of the book is devoted to Russia. The remainder of the book is comprised of separate chapters on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The text focuses heavily on recent economic and political developments within these twelve states. Each country chapter offers descriptions and overviews of the respective governmental institutions, key leaders, civil society dynamics, and economic conditions within each state. It supplements this focus with shorter sections dealing with historical developments, demographics, foreign policy, and cultural elements. Each chapter concludes with brief projections of future developments within each state. The combination of factual accuracy and up-to-date detail along with its informed projections make this an outstanding resource for students, researchers, practitioners in international development, media professionals, government officials, and potential investors. |
| belarus russian language school: Russia and Eurasia 2017-2018 Brent Hierman, 2017-09-01 Published and updated annually, Russia and Eurasia deals with the twelve independent republics that became members of the Commonwealth of Independent States following the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1992. The text focuses strongly on recent economic and political developments with shorter sections dealing with foreign policy, the military, religion, education, and specific cultural elements that help to define each republic and differentiate one from the other. Approximately one-third of the book is devoted to Russia, but also includes sections on Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. How the Commonwealth of Independent States came into being and how it has evolved since 1992 is also discussed. The combination of factual accuracy and up-to-date detail along with its informed projections make this an outstanding resource for researchers, practitioners in international development, media professionals, government officials, potential investors and students. |
| belarus russian language school: Introduction to Belarus Gilad James, PhD, Belarus is a landlocked country located in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. The country has a total land area of 207,595 square kilometers and has a population of approximately 9.5 million people. The official language of Belarus is Belarusian, although Russian is also widely spoken. The country has a diverse economy which is based on agriculture, heavy industry, and services. Belarus has a rich history and culture, with evidence of human settlements dating back to the Stone Age. The country was also a center of cultural and intellectual activity in the medieval period, with the development of the Belarusian language and the establishment of a thriving literary and artistic tradition. In the modern era, Belarus was part of the Soviet Union for much of the 20th century, and only gained independence in 1991. Since then, the country has undergone significant changes, including the transition from a command economy to a market economy, and the development of a democratic political system. Despite its small size and relative obscurity, Belarus is a fascinating and culturally rich country with a unique history and identity. |
| belarus russian language school: The Education Systems of Europe Wolfgang Hörner, Hans Döbert, Botho von Kopp, Wolfgang Mitter, 2007-05-03 This unique handbook offers an analytical review of the education systems of all European countries, following common analytical guidelines, and highlighting the paradox that education simultaneously pursues a universal value as well as a national character. Coverage includes international student performance studies, and a comparison of education dynamics in Eastern new Europe with older western EU members. The book provides a differentiated analytical data base, and offers suggestions for further research. |
| belarus russian language school: Russia and Eurasia 2022–2023 Navruz Nekbakhtshoev, 2022-09-29 The World Today Series: Russia and Eurasia deals with twelve sovereign states that became independent following the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Approximately one-third of the book is devoted to Russia. The remainder of the book is comprised of separate chapters on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The text focuses heavily on recent economic and political developments within these twelve states. Each country chapter offers descriptions and overviews of the respective governmental institutions, key leaders, civil society dynamics, and economic conditions within each state. It supplements this focus with shorter sections dealing with historical developments, demographics, foreign policy, and cultural elements. Each chapter concludes with brief projections of future developments within each state. The combination of factual accuracy and up-to-date detail along with its informed projections make this an outstanding resource for students, researchers, practitioners in international development, media professionals, government officials, and potential investors. |
| belarus russian language school: Belarus Piotra P. Murzionak, 2022-03-18 Belarus, a middle-sized nation with more than a thousand years of history, is not well known beyond periodic media headlines. Modern scholarly and popular literature covers only fragments from Belarus’s long history and current geopolitical, social, and cultural issues. Belarusian history in this book differs in many aspects from history and myths created by Russian scholars and propagated worldwide. The author argues for the existence of a Western-Ruthenian (Belarusian-Ukrainian) civilization as a sub-civilization of Western civilization and thus different from Eurasian civilization. With original, detailed. and critical views on Belarusian history from the ninth century to the present, it explores the latest information about Belarusian society regarding mentality, identity, religion, current elites, the Revolution of Hope 2020. It then analyzes the future prospects of Belarus based on an assessment of modern trends in human societal and political development. It provides detailed analysis of current activities of Belarusian national and ruling elites and their ideologies vis-à-vis the building of a nation-state. |
| belarus russian language school: The Palgrave Handbook of Slavic Languages, Identities and Borders Tomasz Kamusella, Motoki Nomachi, Catherine Gibson, 2016-04-29 This book analyzes the creation of languages across the Slavophone areas of the world and their deployment for political projects and identity building, mainly after 1989. It offers perspectives from a number of disciplines such as sociolinguistics, socio-political history and language policy. Languages are artefacts of culture, meaning they are created by people. They are often used for identity building and maintenance, but in Central and Eastern Europe they became the basis of nation building and national statehood maintenance. The recent split of the Serbo-Croatian language in the wake of the break-up of Yugoslavia amply illustrates the highly politicized role of languages in this region, which is also home to most of the world’s Slavic-speakers. This volume presents and analyzes the creation of languages across the Slavophone areas of the world and their deployment for political projects and identity building, mainly after 1989. The overview concludes with a reflection on the recent rise of Slavophone speech communities in Western Europe and Israel. The book brings together renowned international scholars who offer a variety of perspectives from a number of disciplines and sub-fields such as sociolinguistics, socio-political history and language policy, making this book of great interest to historians, sociologists, political scientists and anthropologists interested in Central and Eastern Europe and Slavic Studies. |
| belarus russian language school: Struggle Over Identity Nelly Bekus, 2010-01-01 Rejecting the cliché about “weak identity and underdeveloped nationalism,” Bekus argues for the co-existence of two parallel concepts of Belarusianness—the official and the alternative one—which mirrors the current state of the Belarusian people more accurately and allows for a different interpretation of the interconnection between the democratization and nationalization of Belarusian society. The book describes how the ethno-symbolic nation of the Belarusian nationalists, based on the cultural capital of the Golden Age of the Belarusian past (17th century) competes with the “nation” institutionalized and reified by the numerous civic rituals and social practices under the auspices of the actual Belarusian state. Comparing the two concepts not only provides understanding of the logic that dominates Belarusian society’s self-description models, but also enables us to evaluate the chances of alternative Belarusianness to win this unequal struggle over identity. |
| belarus russian language school: Historical Dictionary of Belarus Grigory V. Ioffe, Vitali Silitski, 2018-08-15 Belarus is one of fifteen successor states of the former Soviet Union. It’s the only post-Soviet state that is in full of control of its territory and has no territorial conflicts with its neighbors. It’s squeezed between Russia and the European Union. Belarus had never been an independent nation prior to the Soviet Union’s disintegration and its identity is still evolving. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Belarus contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Belarus. |
| belarus russian language school: Protest in Late Modern Societies Monika Banaś, Ruslan Saduov, 2023-05-16 This book discusses a broadly understood phenomenon of protest from several perspectives, including historical, cultural, social, political, environmental and semiotic. Through their analyses, the authors undertake to envision the possible evolution of the forms of contestation in the further decades of the 21st century, taking into account the specificity of the globalisation processes. A multidimensional approach offered in this volume makes it possible to capture and identify new features of contemporary contestation and those that seem unchanged despite the passage of time and altering audiences. Examples from Europe (France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Ireland, Malta, Bulgaria, Poland, Belarus, Russia), America (the United States, Mexico, Chile) and Far East (Hong Kong and China) are relevant case studies that show the faces of contestation while reaching for new or modified rhetoric, symbolism, communication channels and the so-called modus operandi of protest initiators, active and passive participants and short- and long-distant observers. The book will be of value to a wide audience, particularly to the researchers studying contestation, social resistance, individual and collective disobedience, crisis management and cultural/social dynamic of protests. It will also be of interest to experts and individuals from outside the academia like civil activists, practitioners and NGOs compelled by contemporary processes (tensions) occurring between the state, power, society and individuals. |
| belarus russian language school: Belarusian Review , 2005 |
| belarus russian language school: Language Management in Contact Situations Jiří Nekvapil, Tamah Sherman, 2009 The authors of this volume analyze language contact situations emerging in East and Central Europe, Australia, and Japan. The individual chapters focus on language problems which appear in concrete interactions between speakers of various languages. The objective of the book is to demonstrate the capacity of the language management framework on the basis of highly diversified empirical material and thus aid in the solving of similar language problems which arise in different types of intercultural contact. The chapters contribute to the forming of a new approach to the processes underlying linguistic diversity, covering both its micro and macro aspects. |
| belarus russian language school: Re-thinking Legal Education under the Civil and Common Law Richard Grimes, 2017-07-20 Whilst educational theory has developed significantly in recent years, much of the law curriculum remains content-driven and delivered traditionally, predominantly through lecture format. Students are, in the main, treated as empty vessels to be filled by the eminent academics of the day. Re-thinking Legal Education under the Common and Civil Law draws on the experience of teachers, practitioners and students across the world who are committed to developing a more effective learning process. Little attention has, historically, been paid to the importance of the application of theory, the role of reflective learning, the understanding and acquisition of lawyering skills and the development of professional responsibility and wider ethical values. With contributions from across the global north and south, this book examines the history of educating our lawyers, the influences and constraints that may shape the curriculum, the means of delivering it and the models that could be used to tackle current shortcomings. The whole is intended to represent what might be desirable and possible if we are to produce lawyers that are fit for purpose in the 21st century, be that in either in civil or common law jurisdictions. This book will be of direct assistance to those who wish to understand the theory and practice of legal pedagogy in an experiential context. It will be essential reading for academics, researchers and teachers in the fields of law and education, particularly those concerned with curriculum design and developing interactive teaching methods. It is likely to be of interest to law students too – particularly those who value a more direct engagement in their learning. |
| belarus russian language school: Belarus, Stalled at the Crossroads United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 2000 |
| belarus russian language school: Nations in Transit - 2001-2002 Carlton J. H. Hayes, 2017-12-02 How are democracy and market reforms faring in East Central Europe and the former Soviet Union? Is civil society expanding or shrinking? Are the media free or fettered by official constraints? To what degree are nations governed by the rule of law? Are human rights respected? Do taxation and trade policies, property rights reforms, banking laws, privatization, and macroeconomic policies encourage or encumber private sector development and economic growth?In Nations in Transit 2000-2001, Freedom House asked leading regional specialists and in-house experts to answer a checklist of more than 70 indicators for 27 post-Communist countries in ten key areas: political process, civil society, independent media, governance and public administration, constitutional, legislative and judicial framework, corruption, privatization, macroeconomic policy, microeconomic policy, and social sector indicators.The results are incisive, authoritative, and comprehensive country-by-country reports which assess the progress of East Central European and former Soviet countries in ridding themselves of repressive political systems and inefficient statist economies. As an added dimension, Freedom House also developed a rating system which allows for a comparative analysis of countries in terms of democratic and market reforms. Nations in Transit is an invaluable resource for government and non-governmental institutions, schools and universities, and anyone else interested in better understanding the political, economic, and legal structures and institutions that compromise the infrastructure on which the transition to open societies and markets depends. |
| belarus russian language school: Sociology and Ideology Eliezer Ben Rafael, 2003-01-01 Annotation Representing different views on the role of ideology in sociological pursuits, and on the sociological study of ideology, these seven essays consider the relationship between ideology and relativism, modernity, economic globalization, linguistic pluralism, critical reflexivity, and identity. The authors examine sociological practice as it has varied over time and as it is employed in different geographical locations, contrasting sociological work with that of other social sciences. Annotation 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com). |
| belarus russian language school: Russia and Eurasia 2018-2019 Brent Hierman, 2018-09-30 Published and updated annually, Russia and Eurasia deals with the twelve independent republics that became members of the Commonwealth of Independent States following the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1992. The text focuses strongly on recent economic and political developments with shorter sections dealing with foreign policy, the military, religion, education, and specific cultural elements that help to define each republic and differentiate one from the other. Approximately one-third of the book is devoted to Russia, but also includes sections on Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. How the Commonwealth of Independent States came into being and how it has evolved since 1992 is also discussed. The combination of factual accuracy and up-to-date detail along with its informed projections make this an outstanding resource for researchers, practitioners in international development, media professionals, government officials, potential investors and students. |
| belarus russian language school: Power and Identity in the Post-Soviet Realm Steven Bottlik, Zsolt Berki, Marton Jobbitt, 2021-02-16 With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the demise of the Cold War’s bipolar world order, Soviet successor states on the Russian periphery found themselves in a geopolitical vacuum, and gradually evolved into a specific buffer zone throughout the 1990s. The establishment of a new system of relations became evident in the wake of the Baltic States’ accession to the European Union in 2004, resulting in the fragmentation of this buffer zone. In addition to the nations that are more directly connected to Zwischeneuropa (i.e. ‘In-Between Europe’) historically and culturally (Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine), countries beyond the Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia), as well as the states of former Soviet Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan) have also become characterized by particular developmental pathways. Focusing on these areas of the post-Soviet realm, this collected volume examines how they have faced multidimensional challenges while pursuing both geopolitics and their place in the world economy. From a conceptual point of view, the chapters pay close attention not only to issues of ethnicity (which are literally intertwined with a number of social problems in these regions), but also to the various socio-spatial contexts of ethnic processes. Having emerged after the collapse of Soviet authority, the so-called ‘post-Soviet realm’ might serve as a crucial testing ground for such studies, as the specific social and regional patterns of ethnicity are widely recognized here. Accordingly, the phenomena covered in the volume are rather diverse. The first section reviews the fundamental elements of the formation of national identity in light of the geopolitical situation both past and present. This includes an examination of the relative strength and shifting dynamics of statehood, the impacts of imperial nationalism, and the changes in language use from the early-modern period onwards. The second section examines the (trans)formation of the identities of small nations living at the forefront of Tsarist Russian geopolitical expansion, in particular in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Southern Steppe. Finally, in the third section, the contributors discuss the fate of groups whose settlement space was divided by the external boundaries of the Soviet Union, a reality that resulted in the diverging developmental trajectories of the otherwise culturally similar communities on both sides of the border. In these imperial peripheries, Soviet authority gave rise to specifically Soviet national identities amongst groups such as the Azeris, Tajiks, Karelians, Moldavians, and others. The book also includes more than 30 primarily original maps, graphs, and tables and will be of great use not only for human geographers (particularly political and cultural geographers) and historians, but also for those interested in contemporary issues in social science. |
| belarus russian language school: Russian Language Outside the Nation Lara Ryazanova-Clarke, 2014-03-17 This book explores a comprehensive set of tensions which emerged from the dislocated and deterritorialised position of Russian in the contemporary world from a sociolinguistic perspective. |
| belarus russian language school: Russian Language Studies in North America Veronika Makarova, 2012-06-01 This collection provides a comprehensive overview of Russian language research in Canada and Russia, with a focus on elements of structure, as well as on language dynamics and change. |
| belarus russian language school: The A to Z of Belarus Vitali Silitski, Jan Zaprudnik, 2010-04-07 The political map of Eastern Europe changed dramatically in December 1991 when the leaders of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine huddled together in a Bielavieza Forest retreat and decided to dissolve the 15 union republics, which composed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). One of those republics was the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). A United Nations member since 1945, Belarus has a rich cultural heritage that is seen as a promising base for the development of a solid national identity and for real independence. It is this cultural heritage and sense of history that nourish the ongoing efforts of the nationalist minority, as well as the larger democratic opposition, to resist the regime of President Alaksandr Luka?enka who is bent on restoring ties to Russia. Thus Belarus, with its burdens of the past and potential for the future, finds itself in a struggle that will affect not only its own destiny, but also the international structure of Eastern Europe. The A to Z of Belarus—through its chronology, introductory essays, appendixes, map, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects—traces Belarus' history and provides a compass for the direction the country is heading. |
| belarus russian language school: New Drama in Russian J.A.E. Curtis, 2020-05-14 How and why does the stage, and those who perform upon it, play such a significant role in the social makeup of modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus? In New Drama in Russian, Julie Curtis brings together an international team of leading scholars and practitioners to tackle this complex question. New Drama, which draws heavily on techniques of documentary and verbatim writing, is a key means of protest in the Russian-speaking world; since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, theatres, dramatists, and critics have collaborated in using the genre as a lens through which to explore a wide range of topics from human rights and state oppression to sexuality and racism. Yet surprisingly little has been written on this important theatrical movement. New Drama in Russian rectifies this. Through providing analytical surveys of this outspoken transnational genre alongside case-studies of plays and interviews with playwrights, this volume sheds much-needed light on the key issues of performance, politics, and protest in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Meticulously researched and elegantly argued, this book will be of immense value to scholars of Russian cultural history and post-Soviet literary studies. |
| belarus russian language school: Nation-Building and History Education in a Global Culture Joseph Zajda, 2015-03-24 This book examines the nexus between nation-building and history education globally and the implication for cultural diversity and social justice. It studies some of the major education reforms and policy issues in history education in a global culture, and regards them in the light of recent shifts in history education and policy research. In doing so, the volume provides a comprehensive picture of the intersecting and diverse discourses of globalisation, history education and policy-driven reforms. It makes clear that the impact of globalisation on education policy and reforms is a strategically significant issue for us all. The book focuses on the importance of nation-building and patriotism in history education, and presents up-to-date research on global trends in history education reforms and policy research. It provides an easily accessible, practical yet scholarly source of information about the international concerns in the field of globalisation, history education and policy research. |
Belarus - Wikipedia
Belarus, [b] officially the Republic of Belarus, [c] is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.
Belarus | History, Flag, Map, Population, Capital, Language, & Facts ...
3 days ago · Until it became independent in 1991, Belarus, formerly known as Belorussia or White Russia, was the smallest of the three Slavic republics included in the Soviet Union (the larger two being Russia and Ukraine).
Belarus Maps & Facts - World Atlas
Oct 9, 2023 · Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the earth. Belarus is bordered by 5 countries: by Russia in the north and east; by Ukraine in the …
Belarus - The World Factbook
6 days ago · Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.
Official website, Belarus | Belarus.by
Start here for your complete introduction to the Republic of Belarus, a fascinating country with a rich cultural heritage and extraordinary landscapes.
Measuring language attitudes. The case of Trasianka in …
Russian by people from Belarus often contains mistakes. The cause of this deviation from the Russian standard language is often a mixing of Russian with the second standard language of …
The Failure of the Language Policy in Belarus
Jan 6, 2018 · Russian language as the second state language, which in practice meant squeezing Belarusian out of the public sphere, and going back to Belarus being a predominantly Russian …
Understanding Belarus: Belarusian Identity - JSTOR
Language and identity When asked whether the oblivion of the Belarusian language would lead to the erosion of Belarusian identity, 23.3% of the school teachers covered in my May 2002 pilot …
CERTIFICATION OF NON INVOLVEMENT IN PROHIBITED …
list of Vendors engaged in prohibited activities in Russia and/or Belarus. C. That I am unable to certify as to “A” above, because the Vendor, though not identified on the Department ofthe …
Language Policy in the Russian Federation: language …
autochthonous languages in new national school systems. As a long term result of this kind of policies, at ... Belarus Belorussians (78) Russians (13) 80----27 Estonia Estonians (62) …
The Policy of Russifying in Late Imperial Russia and its Failure
The Russian government rightly considered that education in the Russian . language served as the most important tool of ethnic integration, because knowledge of the Russian language was …
Understanding Belarus: Belarusian Identity - JSTOR
Language and identity When asked whether the oblivion of the Belarusian language would lead to the erosion of Belarusian identity, 23.3% of the school teachers covered in my May 2002 pilot …
What Language Do They Speak In Belarus - omn.am
What Language Do They Speak In Belarus: The A to Z of Belarus Vitali Silitski,Jan Zaprudnik,2010-04-07 The political map of Eastern Europe changed ... largest native …
170523-Belarus Russian language (Christian) - adventist.design
Title: 170523-Belarus Russian language (Christian) Created Date: 7/28/2020 6:17:39 AM
Qualitative Research with Demographically Diverse Russian …
Russian speakers have a High School Degree. Age Median age range for Russian Speakers is between 32.5 and 38.1. Origin of Russian speaking population: Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus …
#100forBelarus scholarships The list of the universities and the …
Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures Applied Russian Language. Translation techniques Monthly allowance The University of Bucharest may top up the monthly scholarship pending …
© Alamy Russian Language & Culture - British Council
An introduction to Russian Language ¦§¨¨¤™© ª«¬¤ Information for teachers Over 150 million people speak Russian, making it the 8th most commonly spoken language in the world. In the …
BELARUSIAN STATE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY - Ministry …
and campus life that continues to reflect its reputation as Belarus' most prestigious and most advanced place for understanding international affairs. All study programs offered at BSTU …
What Language Is Spoken In Belarus (book) - bgb.cyb.co.uk
what language is spoken in belarus: Russian Language Outside the Nation Lara Ryazanova-Clarke, 2014-03-17 This book explores a comprehensive set of tensions which emerged from …
Measuring language attitudes. The case of Trasianka in Belarus
Russian by people from Belarus often contains mistakes. The cause of this deviation from the Russian standard language is often a mixing of Russian with the second standard language of …
The Russian Language Outside the Nation - ResearchGate
The Russian Language in Belarus: Language Use, Speaker Identities and Metalinguistic Discourse 81 Curt Woolhiser 4. What is Russian in Ukraine? Popular Beliefs Regarding the
INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL FOR FOREIGN …
Cultural program “Discover Belarus”, history and traditions, Belarusian dance and Belarusian cuisine master classes, achievements of the Belarusian industry. Improve your Russian …
The Russian View of Polish In LITHUANIA AND BELARUS …
Belarus’s place on the Russian mental map at the beginning of the twenti-eth century was somewhat stable. 8 Rogers Brubaker, ‘Nationalizing States Revisited: Projects and Processes …
Sacred Language in the Borderlands: Discussions on the …
) overlooks Belarus, while publications focusing on language policies in modern Belarus (Woolhiser. 2001; Zaprudski 2007) neither consider the role that religion might be playing in …
primary and secondary classroom in Belarus Author Name: …
4.5.1 Gymnasium vs. Comprehensive School 4.5.2 Length of Teaching Experience 5. Conclusion 5.1 Chapter Introduction 5.2 RQ1: How common is the use of L1 in the primary and secondary …
WHO SPEAKS BELARUSIAN? THE LANGUAGE SITUATION IN …
Russian as their language of communication. The total number indicated that 35% of the surveyed population were bilingual. The survey also aimed to assess the number of people, who “know” …
Sino - ResearchGate
2 educational status in Belarus the relations between two countries relatively misbalanced. Most obvious this situation could be demonstrated in student exchange area.
Belarus and Moldova Study 1 - Marines.mil
Russian language, both russkiy and rossiyskiy mean "Russian." During the time when Belarus was part of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, it was commonly known as Belorussia, …
LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY IN BELARUS - Springer
Belarus is not characterized simply by a binary choice between two resident languages. Language Use and Language Choice in Belarus The use of mixed speech, e.g. Belarusian mixed with …
Chernobyl’s Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socio …
accident in Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The information presented KHUH DQG LQ WKH WZR IXOO H[SHUW JURXS UHSRUWV KDV EHHQ GUDZQ IURP VFLHQWL¿F …
THE BELARUSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY - bsu.by
The Official Languages of the Republic of Belarus ‐ Russian and Belarusian. Overseas students are trained in the Russian Language. ... School / Institution and its’ address . Period of study . …
The 2019 Census of Population of the Republic of Belarus
1%. The Russian language was named as a native language by 42.3% of the total population of the republic. C. Dissemination of findings 21. The first census results were published at the …
The Language Situation in the District of Loeŭ (Belarus’)
Russian Federation1. More specifically, the current study focuses on the analysis of the language situation in the western part of the district Loe (Region of Homel’, Belarus’), paying particuŭ -
jurgenson russian jews in the turmoil of history - Harvard …
residential zones. The majority of Russian Jews were therefore concentrated in the territories of present-day Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic countries, which were then part of the empire. …
Access Free Language Files 11th Edition Exercises Answer Key
Language Files 11th Edition Exercises Answer Key Thomas More (category Articles containing Latin-language text) ... maintaining state ownership of key industries in Belarus. His …
Belarus Identity Talk Preprint - ResearchGate
Woolhiser, “The Russian Language in Belarus: Language, Speaker Identities and Metalinguistic Discourse,” in The Russian Language Outside the Nation , ed. L. Ryazanova-Clarke …
LFN 2024-04 - The Official Web Site for The State of New Jersey
New Russia-Belarus Law Developments & Implementation Required by Contracting Units Note: This Notice updates and supplements guidance in Local Finance Notice 2023-11. Local …
Reassembling Society in a Nation-State: History, Language, …
have made Belarusian an official language of the country, limiting the official use of Russian. The paradigm of Othering Soviet experience also implied rewriting national history from a non …
Bolshevik Language Policy as Reflection Ideas Practice …
146 YEFIMENKO Preconditions ShortlyafterthecoupofOctober1917itbecameclearthatcommunismcould …
What Language Do They Speak In Belarus (book)
What Language Do They Speak In Belarus Languages of Lithuania Source Wikipedia,2013-09 Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from ...
Historical Imagery and Mnemonic Constitutionalism in …
Belarus – Łukašenka – mnemonic constitutionalism – Constitution of Belarus – Russian war in Ukraine – historical imagery – memory laws * He is currently leading the Dutch team in the …
“Hybrid” Linguistic Identity of Post-Soviet Belarus
published in Russian in Belarus had increased from 89.95% in 1981 to 95.3% in 1984. In government institutions and the workplace, Belarusian was practically non-existent (Marples, …
OSW Report | Opposites put together. Belarus s politics of …
the Belarusian stance differs from the Russian narrative. This concerns, for example, the RussianFrench war of 1812, which is no longer referred to as the Patriotic War – the name …
State Actions Targeting Russia - Government Contracts
the Government of Russia/Belarus, Russian/Belarusian financial institutions, and Russian/Belarusian ... included language prohibiting “a state agency, political subdivision, …
Dynamic brain responses to Russian word acquisition among …
Russian is the most widely used Cyrillic language in the world, and it is also the official language of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Jiahui Zhang and Yan Huang have contributed equally to this …
Layout of Buildings of the Belarusian-Russian University
Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of the Russian Federation, signed in Mogilev on January 19, 2001, the University was reorganized into the State Institution of …
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К 110-летию А. Т. Твардовского Я убит подо Ржевом… Я убит подо Ржевом, В безыменном болоте, В пятой ро
Language Politics, Language Situations and Conflicts in …
language situation in Ukraine has not changed. 61.2% of respondents indicate that their attitude to the Ukrainian language remains unchanged, 73.8% of respondents state the same about …
Proposal to revise the Belarusian ALA-LC romanization table
= Russian щедрый, etc. Historically, the letter щ was well established in the written forms of Common East Slavic (Old Russian) since the 11thcentury.Later, with the development of the …
DTM2023 Belarus Migrants Mar-Apr 2023 ENG - dtm.iom.int
Transit countries and entry to Belarus Intended length of stay in current location . Intended country of destination Intentions to settle in Belarus. Intentions to return to country of origin. 7. …
Title: The Russian Language in Belarus: On the Road to …
respects, even enhanced since Russian became the country’s second official language in 1995. Yet there are also signs that the Russian language in Belarus is beginning to diverge from the …
Sanction law against Russian and Belarusian audiovisual media
IRIS Extra 2022 Sanction law against Russian and Belarusian audiovisual media European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, 2022 ISSN 2079 - 1062 Director of publication – …
Russian: A Monocentric or Pluricentric Language?
Tomasz Kamusella. 156. COLLOQUIA HUMANISTICA. World Languages: Decolonization, Pluricentrism and De-Ethnicization. …
Russian influence on news media in Belarus (final for …
Russian influence on news media in Belarus Joanna Szostek School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, United Kingdom ... Abstract: This article …
