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| biased test questions examples: Perspectives on Bias in Mental Testing Cecil Reynolds, 2013-11-11 The cultural-test-bias hypothesis is one of the most important scien tific questions facing psychology today. Briefly, the cultural-test-bias hypothesis contends that all observed group differences in mental test scores are due to a built-in cultural bias of the tests themselves; that is, group score differences are an artifact of current psychomet ric methodology. If the cultural-test-bias hypothesis is ultimately shown to be correct, then the 100 years or so of psychological research on human differences (or differential psychology, the sci entific discipline underlying all applied areas of human psychology including clinical, counseling, school, and industrial psychology) must be reexamined and perhaps dismissed as confounded, contam inated, or otherwise artifactual. In order to continue its existence as a scientific discipline, psychology must confront the cultural-test-bias hypothesis from the solid foundations of data and theory and must not allow the resolution of this issue to occur solely within (and to be determined by) the political Zeitgeist of the times or any singular work, no matter how comprehensive. In his recent volume Bias in Mental Testing (New York: Free Press, 1980), Arthur Jensen provided a thorough review of most of the empirical research relevant to the evaluation of cultural bias in psychological and educational tests that was available at the time that his book was prepared. Nevertheless, Jensen presented only one per spective on those issues in a volume intended not only for the sci entific community but for intelligent laypeople as well. |
| biased test questions examples: Methods for Identifying Biased Test Items Gregory Camilli, Lorrie A. Shepard, 1994-04-06 In this book, the authors provide a cogent review of statistical and interpretive procedures that, in combination, can be used to reduce the likelihood that tests contain items that favor members of one gender, age, racial, or ethnic group over equally able members of another group, for reasons that are unrelated to the objectives and purposes of measurement. Such test items are said to be biased against the equally able members of the group that is not favored. The methods described and illustrated in this book have the potential to reducing the incidence of tests that are, in their construction, biased against members of one or more groups. These methods have the potential of controlling an important source of invalidity when test results are interpreted. |
| biased test questions examples: Still Failing at Fairness David Sadker, Karen R. Zittleman, 2009-04-28 Despite decades of effort to create fair classrooms and schools, gender bias is alive and well, and in some ways growing. School practices continue to send boys and girls down different life paths, too often treating them not as different genders but as different species. Teachers and parents often miss the subtle signs of sexism in classrooms. Through firsthand observations and up-to-the-minute research, Still Failing at Fairness brings the gender issue into focus. The authors provide an in-depth account of how girls' and boys' educations are compromised from elementary school through college, and offer practical advice for teachers and parents who want to make a positive difference. The authors examine today's pressing issues -- the lack of enforcement for Title IX, the impact of the backlash against gender equity, the much-hyped boys' crisis, hardwired brain differences, and the recent growth of singlesex public schools. This book documents how teaching, current testing practices, and subtle cultural attitudes continue to short-circuit both girls and boys of every race, social class, and ethnicity. Hard-hitting and remarkably informative, Still Failing at Fairness is a fascinating look into America's classrooms (National Association of School Psychologists). |
| biased test questions examples: Biased Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD, 2019-03-26 Poignant....important and illuminating.—The New York Times Book Review Groundbreaking.—Bryan Stevenson, New York Times bestselling author of Just Mercy From one of the world’s leading experts on unconscious racial bias come stories, science, and strategies to address one of the central controversies of our time How do we talk about bias? How do we address racial disparities and inequities? What role do our institutions play in creating, maintaining, and magnifying those inequities? What role do we play? With a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt offers us the language and courage we need to face one of the biggest and most troubling issues of our time. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. Yet she also offers us tools to address it. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. |
| biased test questions examples: Subprime Attention Crisis Tim Hwang, 2020-10-13 From FSGO x Logic: a revealing examination of digital advertising and the internet's precarious foundation In Subprime Attention Crisis, Tim Hwang investigates the way big tech financializes attention. In the process, he shows us how digital advertising—the beating heart of the internet—is at risk of collapsing, and that its potential demise bears an uncanny resemblance to the housing crisis of 2008. From the unreliability of advertising numbers and the unregulated automation of advertising bidding wars, to the simple fact that online ads mostly fail to work, Hwang demonstrates that while consumers’ attention has never been more prized, the true value of that attention itself—much like subprime mortgages—is wildly misrepresented. And if online advertising goes belly-up, the internet—and its free services—will suddenly be accessible only to those who can afford it. Deeply researched, convincing, and alarming, Subprime Attention Crisis will change the way you look at the internet, and its precarious future. FSG Originals × Logic dissects the way technology functions in everyday lives. The titans of Silicon Valley, for all their utopian imaginings, never really had our best interests at heart: recent threats to democracy, truth, privacy, and safety, as a result of tech’s reckless pursuit of progress, have shown as much. We present an alternate story, one that delights in capturing technology in all its contradictions and innovation, across borders and socioeconomic divisions, from history through the future, beyond platitudes and PR hype, and past doom and gloom. Our collaboration features four brief but provocative forays into the tech industry’s many worlds, and aspires to incite fresh conversations about technology focused on nuanced and accessible explorations of the emerging tools that reorganize and redefine life today. |
| biased test questions examples: Bias in Mental Testing Arthur Robert Jensen, 1980 Illuminating detailed methods for assessing bias in commonly used I.Q., aptitude, and achievement tests, Jensen argues that standardized tests are not biased against Englishspeaking minority groups and describes the uses of such tests in education and employment. |
| biased test questions examples: Intelligence, Genes, and Success Bernie Devlin, Stephen E. Fienberg, Daniel P. Resnick, Kathryn Roeder, 1997-08-07 A scientific response to the best-selling The Bell Curve which set off a hailstorm of controversy upon its publication in 1994. Much of the public reaction to the book was polemic and failed to analyse the details of the science and validity of the statistical arguments underlying the books conclusion. Here, at last, social scientists and statisticians reply to The Bell Curve and its conclusions about IQ, genetics and social outcomes. |
| biased test questions examples: Test Bias in Employment Selection Testing Thomas A. Stetz, 2022-01-28 This book provides students with a concise introduction to test bias from a psychometric point-of-view without statistics. It uses easy to understand graphs to explain complex technical approaches to test bias giving readers a highly sought-after knowledge enabling them to be better consumers of tests. Studies performed by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) consistently show that selection is a key competency for Human Resource (HR) professionals. Knowledge of test bias is a key component to effectively and legally performing this highly valued HR function. Unfortunately, test bias is rarely covered in HR classes or is presented in a highly technical manner geared to individuals with strong statistical and mathematical backgrounds. This book, requiring no previous statistical or mathematical knowledge, can be used as a supplemental textbook for any class that deals with selection, staffing, or measurement at the undergraduate or graduate level. |
| biased test questions examples: Mastering Assessment W. James Popham, 2011-07 Mastering Assessment: A Self-Service System for Educators, 2/e (hereafter referred to as MA) is a set of 15 booklets intended to be the grist for a wide variety of professional development programs focused on educational assessment. Each of the MA booklets was deliberately written to permit a one- sitting or two- sittings reading by busy educators. The resultant brevity of the MA booklets, coupled with their being provided as separate documents, is intended to provide users of the MA system with considerable latitude in determining how best to use the booklets. A Facilitator's Guide is available to guide educators in using the 15 booklets in their professional development programs and can be downloaded at no additional charge from Pearson's Instructor Resource Center. Mastering Assessment boxset incudes: * Appropriate and Inappropriate Tests for Evaluating Schools * Assessing Students' Affect * Assessing Students with Disabilities * Assessment Bias: How to Banish It * Classroom Evidence of Successful Teaching * College Entrance Examinations: The SAT and the ACT * Constructed-Response Tests: Building and Bettering * How Testing Can Help Teaching * Interpreting the Results of Large-Scale Assessments * Portfolio Assessment and Performance Testing * Reliability: What Is It and Is It Necessary? * Selected-Response Tests: Building and Bettering * The Role of Rubrics in Testing and Teaching * Test Preparation: Sensible or Sordid? * Validity: Assessment's Cornerstone |
| biased test questions examples: Proactive Policing National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Law and Justice, Committee on Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime, Communities, and Civil Liberties, 2018-03-23 Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term proactive policing to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities. |
| biased test questions examples: Assessment Literacy Thomas DeVere Wolsey, Susan Lenski, Dana L. Grisham, 2020-01-21 This clear, no-nonsense book guides current and future teachers through the concepts, tools, methods, and goals of classroom literacy assessment. The expert authors examine the roles of formative, summative, and benchmark assessments; demystify state and national tests and standards; and show how assessment can seamlessly inform instruction. Strategies for evaluating, choosing, and interpreting assessments are discussed, as are ways to communicate data to parents and administrators. User-friendly resources include boxed vignettes from teachers and researchers, practical assessment tips (and traps to avoid), and 12 reproducible planning forms and handouts. Purchasers get access to a Web page where they can download and print the reproducible materials in a convenient 8 1/2 x 11 size. |
| biased test questions examples: Why Are So Many Minority Students in Special Education? Beth Harry, Janette K. Klingner, 2014-04-01 The second edition of this powerful book examines the disproportionate placement of Black and Hispanic students in special education. The authors present compelling, research-based stories representing the range of experiences faced by culturally and linguistically diverse students who fall in the liminal shadow of perceived disability. They examine the children's experiences, their families' interactions with school personnel, the teachers' and schools' estimation of the children and their families, and the school climate that influences decisions about referrals to special education. Based on the authors' 4 years of ethnographic research in a large, culturally diverse school district, the book concludes with recommendations for improving educational practice, teacher training, and policy renewal. |
| biased test questions examples: Unconscious Bias in Schools Tracey A. Benson, Sarah E. Fiarman, 2020-07-22 In Unconscious Bias in Schools, two seasoned educators describe the phenomenon of unconscious racial bias and how it negatively affects the work of educators and students in schools. “Regardless of the amount of effort, time, and resources education leaders put into improving the academic achievement of students of color,” the authors write, “if unconscious racial bias is overlooked, improvement efforts may never achieve their highest potential.” In order to address this bias, the authors argue, educators must first be aware of the racialized context in which we live. Through personal anecdotes and real-life scenarios, Unconscious Bias in Schools provides education leaders with an essential roadmap for addressing these issues directly. The authors draw on the literature on change management, leadership, critical race theory, and racial identity development, as well as the growing research on unconscious bias in a variety of fields, to provide guidance for creating the conditions necessary to do this work—awareness, trust, and a “learner’s stance.” Benson and Fiarman also outline specific steps toward normalizing conversations about race; reducing the influence of bias on decision-making; building empathic relationships; and developing a system of accountability. All too often, conversations about race become mired in questions of attitude or intention–“But I’m not a racist!” This book shows how information about unconscious bias can help shift conversations among educators to a more productive, collegial approach that has the potential to disrupt the patterns of perception that perpetuate racism and institutional injustice. Tracey A. Benson is an assistant professor of educational leadership at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Sarah E. Fiarman is the director of leadership development for EL Education, and a former public school teacher, principal, and lecturer at Harvard Graduate School of Education. |
| biased test questions examples: White Logic, White Methods Tukufu Zuberi, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, 2008 Examines how the racial lenses of the social sciences and the subscription of social scientists to whites' racial common sense have limited their understanding of racial matters and handicapped their capacity to appreciate the significance of the race effect (they call it the racial stratification effect). With an assemblage of leading scholars, White Logic, White Methods explores the possibilities and necessary dethroning of current social research practices, and demands a complete overhaul of current methods, towards a multicultural and pluralist approach to what we know, think, and question. Readers in various social sciences will find useful the chapters in the collection, but all will agree that the introductory and concluding chapters to the volume (Towards a Definition of White Logic and White Methods, and Telling the Real Tale of the Hunt: Towards a Race Conscious Sociology of Racial Stratification) are likely to become classics in the field of racial and ethnic relations. |
| biased test questions examples: No One Left Standing Michele Wages, 2016-11-14 Every public school student in the U.S. will experience various types of testing each year. For decades, the purpose and quality of such testing, the time it takes to administer and take the test and how the data is used are the topic of discussion among students, parents, educators and policymakers. Those supporting the importance of testing assume that more assessment improves student achievement and that the pros of testing outweigh their ‘perceptions’ of the additional costs. Those against excessive testing, believe that schools are sacrificing learning time in order to test or prepare for the test. They also believe that reduced learning time of non -tested subjects occurs and more time is given to those students that are performing right below the proficiency score or “bubble kids” instead of developing every student’s full potential. Testing in U.S. public schools is out of control. The stress and pressures for all involved have effects that are not even measureable in most instances. Is this really the best thing for our schools? Are there alternative measures that may serve our future in a better way? Will the rewrite of NCLB be enough? |
| biased test questions examples: Educability and Group Differences Arthur Robert Jensen, Associate Professor of Speech Communication Arthur Jensen, 2012 Jensen is a controversial figure, largely for his conclusions based on his and other research regarding the causes of race based differences in intelligence and in this book he develops more fully the argument he formulated in his controversial Harvard Education Review article 'How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?'. In a wide-ranging survey of the evidence he argues that measured IQ reveals a strong hereditary component and he argues that the system of education which assumes an almost wholly environmentalist view of the causes of group differences capitalizes on a relatively narrow category of human abilities. Since its original publication the controversy surrounding Jensen's ideas has continued as successive generations of psychologists, scientists and policy-makers have grappled with the same issues. |
| biased test questions examples: Comprehending Test Manuals Ann C Silverlake, 2016-09-13 • Your students will get valuable practice in interpreting actual excerpts from published test manuals. • Each of the 39 exercises begins with a guideline that helps students review the measurement concepts they will need in order to complete the exercise. • Background notes on each exercise describe the purpose of the test from which the excerpt was drawn. • Students answer questions that require them to locate and interpret important points in the excerpt. • The excerpts are largely unabridged so that students practice interpreting material as it is actually presented by test makers. • The skills they learn with this book can be easily transferred to other test manuals they may be using in the future. • Students have an ethical responsibility to be thoroughly familiar with the technical characteristics of the tests they will use. This book prepares them for this responsibility. • All major topics are covered, including: · validity · reliability · standard error of measurement · norm group composition · derived scores · scales to detect faking · item analysis · cultural bias • The excerpts are drawn from tests such as: · Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children · Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test · 16PF · Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale · MMPI · Beck Depression Inventory · Stanford Achievement Test Series · KeyMath · and many others! |
| biased test questions examples: Naked Statistics: Stripping the Dread from the Data Charles Wheelan, 2013-01-07 A New York Times bestseller Brilliant, funny…the best math teacher you never had. —San Francisco Chronicle Once considered tedious, the field of statistics is rapidly evolving into a discipline Hal Varian, chief economist at Google, has actually called sexy. From batting averages and political polls to game shows and medical research, the real-world application of statistics continues to grow by leaps and bounds. How can we catch schools that cheat on standardized tests? How does Netflix know which movies you’ll like? What is causing the rising incidence of autism? As best-selling author Charles Wheelan shows us in Naked Statistics, the right data and a few well-chosen statistical tools can help us answer these questions and more. For those who slept through Stats 101, this book is a lifesaver. Wheelan strips away the arcane and technical details and focuses on the underlying intuition that drives statistical analysis. He clarifies key concepts such as inference, correlation, and regression analysis, reveals how biased or careless parties can manipulate or misrepresent data, and shows us how brilliant and creative researchers are exploiting the valuable data from natural experiments to tackle thorny questions. And in Wheelan’s trademark style, there’s not a dull page in sight. You’ll encounter clever Schlitz Beer marketers leveraging basic probability, an International Sausage Festival illuminating the tenets of the central limit theorem, and a head-scratching choice from the famous game show Let’s Make a Deal—and you’ll come away with insights each time. With the wit, accessibility, and sheer fun that turned Naked Economics into a bestseller, Wheelan defies the odds yet again by bringing another essential, formerly unglamorous discipline to life. |
| biased test questions examples: Assessment in Elementary and Secondary Education Erin D. Caffrey, 2011 |
| biased test questions examples: Essential Assessment Concepts for Teachers and Administrators James H. McMillan, 2001 This guide shows how to integrate assessment with teaching and learning to reach educational goals. The aim is to present assessment concepts in a concise manner that can be understood and applied by teachers, administrators, and other school personnel. The chapters, organized around major assessment topics, are: (1) Integrating Assessment with Teaching and Learning; (2) Validity; (3) Reliability; (4) Fairness; (5) Understanding and Using Numerical Data; and (6) Interpreting and Using National and State Standardized Assessments. (Contains 20 tables, 29 figures, and 36 references.) (SLD) |
| biased test questions examples: The Bias That Divides Us Keith E. Stanovich, 2021-08-31 Why we don't live in a post-truth society but rather a myside society: what science tells us about the bias that poisons our politics. In The Bias That Divides Us, psychologist Keith Stanovich argues provocatively that we don't live in a post-truth society, as has been claimed, but rather a myside society. Our problem is not that we are unable to value and respect truth and facts, but that we are unable to agree on commonly accepted truth and facts. We believe that our side knows the truth. Post-truth? That describes the other side. The inevitable result is political polarization. Stanovich shows what science can tell us about myside bias: how common it is, how to avoid it, and what purposes it serves. Stanovich explains that although myside bias is ubiquitous, it is an outlier among cognitive biases. It is unpredictable. Intelligence does not inoculate against it, and myside bias in one domain is not a good indicator of bias shown in any other domain. Stanovich argues that because of its outlier status, myside bias creates a true blind spot among the cognitive elite--those who are high in intelligence, executive functioning, or other valued psychological dispositions. They may consider themselves unbiased and purely rational in their thinking, but in fact they are just as biased as everyone else. Stanovich investigates how this bias blind spot contributes to our current ideologically polarized politics, connecting it to another recent trend: the decline of trust in university research as a disinterested arbiter. |
| biased test questions examples: Ending Racial Preferences Carol M. Allen, 2009-02-05 In 2006, Michigan voters banned affirmative action preferences in public contracting, education, and employment. The Michigan Civil Rights Initiative (MCRI) vote was preceded by years of campaigning, legal maneuvers, media coverage, and public debate. Ending Racial Preferences: The Michigan Story relates what happened from the vantage point of Toward A Fair Michigan (TAFM), a nonprofit organization that provided a civic forum for the discussion of preferences. The book offers a timely 'inside look' into how TAFM fostered dialogue by emphasizing education over indoctrination, reason over rhetoric, and civil debate over protest. Ending Racial Preferences opens with a review of the campaigns for and against similar initiatives in California, Florida, Washington, and the city of Houston. The book then delivers an in-depth historical account of the MCRIDfrom its inception in 2003 through the first year following its passage in 2006. Readers are invited to decide for themselves whether affirmative action preferences are good for America. Carol M. Allen reproduces the remarks delivered at a TAFM debate, along with a compilation of pro and con responses by 14 experts to 50 questions about preferences. This book will be of interest to those working in the fields of public policy and state politics. |
| biased test questions examples: Hearings United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 1969 |
| biased test questions examples: Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology: Theory and method John W. Berry, Ype H. Poortinga, Janak Pandey, 1997 Part of a set containing the contributions of authors from a variety of nations, cultures, traditions and perspectives, this volume offers an up-to-date assessment of theoretical developments and methodological issues in the rapidly-evolving area of cross-cultural psychology. |
| biased test questions examples: Introducing Quantitative Methods Daniela Aidley, 2018-09-28 This exciting new core textbook offers a clear and practical introduction to quantitative methods, taking a project-based approach. The author's extensive knowledge and straightforward writing style ensure that students are steered through the process step-by-step, from developing research questions and preparing data for analysis, to explaining how to present data in appropriate formats, avoid bias, and write up results and reports. Featuring a comprehensive pedagogical framework and companion website, readers are encouraged to follow practice analyses as they go, with examples given in both SPSS and Excel, and templates are provided for students' own research. In addition to covering the research project, chapters also cover the essential mathematical and statistical analyses that are a logical consequence of posing a quantitative research methods question. This is the perfect text for all social science students studying introductory modules on quantitative methods, research methods or statistics at undergraduate or postgraduate level. It also functions as an effective guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students faced with an independent research project. |
| biased test questions examples: Resources in education , 1984-10 |
| biased test questions examples: Psychology, Seventh Edition (High School) David G. Myers, 2003-06-06 This new edition continues the story of psychology with added research and enhanced content from the most dynamic areas of the field—cognition, gender and diversity studies, neuroscience and more, while at the same time using the most effective teaching approaches and learning tools |
| biased test questions examples: The Scandal of Standardized Tests Joseph A. (ed.) Soares, 2020 This update to SAT Wars provides new evidence in the case against standardized college entry tests, including the experiences of test-optional colleges. The Scandal of Standardized Tests sheds significant light on key problems such as: Are the tests stronger proxies for race and family income today than they were 20 years ago? Does going test-optional promote racial and economic diversity? Are there any differences in academic records between students admitted without test scores and those with them? How does testing figure into race-sensitive admissions legal controversies? Why is the College Board’s “environmental dashboard” inadequate as a way to create a fair playing field? How are the odds of attending and graduating from college stacked against low-income youths and racial minorities? What does the FBI Varsity Blues sting tell us about college admissions in America? Contributors: Jon Boeckenstedt, Michael DeWitt, Paul Fain, Valerie W. Franks, Saul Geiser, Philip Handwerk, William C. Hiss, William C. Kidder, Jay Rosner, Robert A. Schaeffer, Joseph A. Soares, Steve Syverson. |
| biased test questions examples: Social Research in the Judicial Process Wallace D. Loh, 1984-09-17 How to inform the judicial mind, Justice Frankfurter remarked during the school desegregation cases, is one of the most complicated problems. Social research is a potential source of such information. Indeed, in the 1960s and 1970s, with activist courts at the forefront of social reform, the field of law and social science came of age. But for all the recent activity and scholarship in this area, few books have attempted to create an intellectual framework, a systematic introduction to applied social-legal research. Social Research in the Judicial Process addresses this need for a broader picture. Designed for use by both law students and social science students, it constructs a conceptual bridge between social research (the realm of social facts) and judicial decision making (the realm of social values). Its unique casebook format weaves together judicial opinions, empirical studies, and original text. It is a process-oriented book that teaches skills and perspectives, cultivating an informed sensitivity to the use and misuse of psychology, social psychology, and sociology in apellate and trial adjudication. Among the social-legal topics explored are school desegregation, capital punishment, jury impartiality, and eyewitness identification. This casebook is remarkable for its scope, its accessibility, and the intelligence of its conceptual integration. It provides the kind of interdisciplinary teaching framework that should eventually help lawyers to make knowledgeable use of social research, and social scientists to conduct useful research within a legally sophisticated context. |
| biased test questions examples: The SAGE Handbook for Research in Education Clifton F. Conrad, Ronald C. Serlin, 2006 Research is increasingly becoming more influential in the field of education and this Handbook brings together a range of top academic experts who represent diverse fields within and outside of education, as well as quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method approaches to provide an upto- date, advanced analysis of all relevant issues involved in educational research. The Handbook is written in lively, welcoming prose and central to the handbook is an intention to encourage and help researchers place ideas at the epicenter of inquiry. In addition explicit discussion of the fundamental challenges that researchers must consciously address throughout their inquiry are identified and solutions provided to help future researchers overcome similar obstacles. |
| biased test questions examples: The Language Police Diane Ravitch, 2007-12-18 If you’re an actress or a coed just trying to do a man-size job, a yes-man who turns a deaf ear to some sob sister, an heiress aboard her yacht, or a bookworm enjoying a boy’s night out, Diane Ravitch’s internationally acclaimed The Language Police has bad news for you: Erase those words from your vocabulary! Textbook publishers and state education agencies have sought to root out racist, sexist, and elitist language in classroom and library materials. But according to Diane Ravitch, a leading historian of education, what began with the best of intentions has veered toward bizarre extremes. At a time when we celebrate and encourage diversity, young readers are fed bowdlerized texts, devoid of the references that give these works their meaning and vitality. With forceful arguments and sensible solutions for rescuing American education from the pressure groups that have made classrooms bland and uninspiring, The Language Police offers a powerful corrective to a cultural scandal. |
| biased test questions examples: The Validity of Testing in Education and Employment Eileen R. Rudert, 1997-07 Addresses the meaning and fairness of testing in education and employment with concentration on tests used: in elementary and secondary schools; for admission to higher education and for scholarship awards; for employment referrals, hiring and promotions; and for regulating occupations. Contains a background paper on key issues, a condensed transcript of the consultation of experts, papers written by the panelists, and a summary of their positions. Includes a glossary, references, appendixes of Federal guidelines and standards, and major legislation and litigation involving testing. |
| biased test questions examples: The Validity of Testing in Education and Employment , 1993 |
| biased test questions examples: Measurement Theory and Practice in Kinesiology Terry M. Wood, Weimo Zhu, 2006 Provides readers with an understanding of the basics of measurement techniques in physical activity, by focusing on understanding the concept behind techniques. Looking at measurement issues in the physical domain, this book is useful for post graduate students, researchers and professionals in sport and exercise science. |
| biased test questions examples: Psychological Testing Thomas P. Hogan, 2019-01-17 Psychological Testing: A Practical Introduction 4e offers students of psychology and allied disciplines a comprehensive survey of psychometric principles and tests in the major categories of applied assessment. Coverage includes test norms, reliability, validity, and test development, with an entirely new chapter on test fairness and bias. Chapters on assessment of cognitive ability, achievement, personality, clinical instruments, and attitudes provide up-to-date examples of the widely used tests in each category. Recognizing that active engagement maximizes learning, the text presents as an active learning device rather than a reference work. Extensive use of chapter objectives, key point and end-of-chapter summaries, practice problems, applied scenarios, internet-based resources, and statistics skills review enable students to engage more fully with the material for a deeper understanding. Written in a clear, reader-friendly style, the text approaches challenging topics by balancing technical rigor with relatable examples of contemporary applications. |
| biased test questions examples: Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology Joan C. Chrisler, Donald R. McCreary, 2010-03-12 Donald R. McCreary and Joan C. Chrisler The Development of Gender Studies in Psychology Studies of sex differences are as old as the ?eld of psychology, and they have been conducted in every sub?eld of the discipline. There are probably many reasons for the popularity of these studies, but three reasons seem to be most prominent. First, social psychological studies of person perception show that sex is especially salient in social groups. It is the ?rst thing people notice about others, and it is one of the things we remember best (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch, Duan, & Glass, 1992). For example, people may not remember who uttered a witty remark, but they are likely to remember whether the quip came from a woman or a man. Second, many people hold ?rm beliefs that aspects of physiology suit men and women for particular social roles. Men’s greater upper body strength makes them better candidates for manual labor, and their greater height gives the impression that they would make good leaders (i. e. , people we look up to). Women’s reproductive capacity and the caretaking tasks (e. g. , breastfeeding, baby minding) that accompany it make them seem suitable for other roles that require gentleness and nurturance. Third, the logic that underlies hypothesis testing in the sciences is focused on difference. Researchers design their studies with the hope that they can reject the null hypothesis that experimental groups do not differ. |
| biased test questions examples: Fundamentals of User-Centered Design Brian Still, Kate Crane, 2017-08-25 There has been some solid work done in the area of User-Centered Design (UCD) over the last few years. What’s been missing is an in-depth, comprehensive textbook that connects UCD to usability and User Experience (UX) principles and practices. This new textbook discusses a theoretical framework in relation to other design theories. It provides a repeatable, practical process for implementation, offering numerous examples, methods, and case studies for support, and it emphasizes best practices in specific environments, including mobile and web applications, print products, as well as hardware. |
| biased test questions examples: Environment, Intelligence, and Scholastic Achievement , 1972 |
| biased test questions examples: Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research Alex C. Michalos, 2014-02-12 The aim of this encyclopedia is to provide a comprehensive reference work on scientific and other scholarly research on the quality of life, including health-related quality of life research or also called patient-reported outcomes research. Since the 1960s two overlapping but fairly distinct research communities and traditions have developed concerning ideas about the quality of life, individually and collectively, one with a fairly narrow focus on health-related issues and one with a quite broad focus. In many ways, the central issues of these fields have roots extending to the observations and speculations of ancient philosophers, creating a continuous exploration by diverse explorers in diverse historic and cultural circumstances over several centuries of the qualities of human existence. What we have not had so far is a single, multidimensional reference work connecting the most salient and important contributions to the relevant fields. Entries are organized alphabetically and cover basic concepts, relatively well established facts, lawlike and causal relations, theories, methods, standardized tests, biographic entries on significant figures, organizational profiles, indicators and indexes of qualities of individuals and of communities of diverse sizes, including rural areas, towns, cities, counties, provinces, states, regions, countries and groups of countries. |
| biased test questions examples: Challenges of Urban Education Karen A. McClafferty, Carlos Alberto Torres, Theodore R. Mitchell, 2000-02-03 Presents current research and theoretical perspectives on the challenges facing educators in U.S. urban schools. |
BIASED Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Jun 14, 2012 · The adjective that means “exhibited or characterized by an unreasoned judgment” is biased (“a …
BIASED | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BIASED definition: 1. showing an unreasonable like or dislike for someone or something based on …
Biased - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
Being biased is kind of lopsided too: a biased person favors one side or issue over another. While biased can just …
Biased - definition of biased by The Free Dictionary
biased - favoring one person or side over another; "a biased account of the trial"; "a decision that was partial to …
BIASED Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
having or showing bias or prejudice. They gave us a biased report on immigration trends. Examples have …
Good and Bad Survey Questions - Stanford University
Below are some examples of “the good, the bad, and the ugly” for a variety of problematic survey question types. The Leading Question Leading questions use biased language that can …
H o w to C r e a te U n b i a s e d Q u e s ti o n s - Waubonsee
Test only one thing at a time. Do not use double-barreled questions. Also referred to as a compound question or ... Avoid fundamentally biased racist/sexist questions. ... Please consult …
Frequently Encountered Biased Questions and Statements
Frequently Encountered Biased Questions and Statements The statements and questions participants posed in RISE LGBTQ-competency trainings often revealed layers of implicit and …
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Black Test Questions - netstumbler.com
Black Test Questions: Understanding, Addressing, and Promoting Fairness in Assessment Introduction: The term "black test questions" can be misleading and even offensive. It doesn't …
Minimizing Bias When Assessing Student Work T - ed
instructor stays focused on the quality of the argument and is not biased by the student’s perspective. In some cases, the student may have even misinterpreted the points being made …
Chapter 7. Statistical Estimation - Stanford University
3.Biased but consistent, on the other hand, was the MLE estimator. We showed its expectation was n n+ 1 , which is actually \asymptotically unbiased" since E h ^ n;MLE i = n n+ 1 ! as n!1. …
Practice problems for Quantitative Literacy test - Goshen …
Practice problems for Quantitative Literacy test Problems are numbered corresponding to a similar problem on the exam. Actual exam questions will have ... Biased Unbiased c. Selecting …
1.2 Bias For the following examples, determine whether the …
For the following examples, determine whether the survey sample is biased or unbiased. Explain your answers. 1. Question: What is your favorite sport? Sample is chosen from people …
STAT 801: Mathematical Statistics Unbiased Tests De …
problem has the rejection region given then the resulting test minimizes subject to the two constraints. A test ˚ is a Uniformly Most Powerful Unbiased level 0 test if 1. ˚ has level 0. 2. ˚ is …
Bias in Psychological Assessment - Wiley Online Library
origins of the test bias controversy 84 effects and implications of the test bias controversy 86 possible sources of bias 86 what test bias is and is not 87 related questions 89 explaining …
Automating Bias Testing of LLMs - Modeling Languages
inspired by examples of well-known bias issues raised by the media over the last years. Some prompts are specialized in triggering a concrete bias, while others can be easily adapted to …
Determining Fact, Opinion, and Bias - Mr. Anderson
In this article, Dr. Cavanaugh stretches our notions of literacy by providing examples of how technology, in this case cell phones, can be used for reading and writing. Cell phones and …
WORKED EXAMPLES 1 TOTAL PROBABILITY AND BAYES …
5 Example 5 A coin for which P(Heads) = p is tossed until two successive Tails are obtained. Find the probability that the experiment is completed on the nth toss. SOLUTION: Deflne † sample …
UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORTING STUDENTS WHO …
raph 5 standardized tests (e.g., IQ tests, statewide tests, college and graduate program entrance and exit exams, job aptitude tests, etc.; McMahon, 2015).
Examples of Multiple Choice Items at the Levels of Bloom’s …
Examples of Multiple Choice items at the Levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy Examples of Multiple Choice Items at the Levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy Level 1: Recall Definition: Remembering …
Test Bias and Construct Validity - JSTOR
tent causes the test to be biased with respect to the performance of any two (or more) groups in the population is a separate issue. It is an empirical matter. There is no such thing as test bias …
STATISTICS 8 CHAPTERS 1 TO 6, SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE …
a. Using questions with biased wording. b. Only receiving responses from half of the people in the sample. c. Conducting interviews by telephone instead of in person. d. Using a random sample …
Bias and Sensitivity Guidelines 2022 - SmarterBalanced
Jun 30, 2022 · ECD provides a chain of evidence-based reasoning linking test performance to the claims to be made about test takers. Fair assessments are essential to the use of ECD. If test …
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Question 3: The two-way table gives information about 90 people who sat their driving test. (a) Complete the two-way table A person is picked at random. (b) Write down the probability that …
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Standardized Tests? (Updated October 2023 See an example test question in Figure 2. Canvas Quiz Analysis quiz got this question wrong. Reviewing questions with low scores Do s and …
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Difference Between Professor And Teacher Distinguishing Credible Sources 13. Promoting Lifelong Learning Utilizing eBooks for Skill Development Exploring Educational eBooks
The Problem of Bias in Psychological Assessment - Gwern
Put another way, if well- constructed and properly standardized tests are biased, then less standardized, more subjective approaches are almost certain to be at least as biased and …
Bias in Science: Natural and Social
concerns about the generation of biased data and conclusions, owing perhaps to the outsized influence of apparently “nonepistemic values,” such as political ideology and personal gain. …
GUIDANCE FOR PRE- and POST-TEST DESIGN
Questions on sensitive issues such as reproductive and sexual health often must be adapted to the local youth culture. On the other hand, the same test/questionnaire applied to adults …
Examples Of Bronfenbrenners Ecological Systems Theory (2024)
to knowledge while supporting the authors and publishers who make these resources available. In conclusion, the availability of Examples Of Bronfenbrenners Ecological Systems Theory free …
Activity Guide for Students: How Bias Affects - Science News
2. What sources of potential bias (if any) did you identify in the study or design project? Describe any procedures or policies deliberately included in the study or design project to eliminate ...
Recognizing and Addressing Microaggressions - Stanford …
Jan 29, 2020 · sparked such complaints include examples like these: • Assigned reading materials that contain offensive language demeaning to racial, ethnic or religious groups or descriptions …
Hypothesis Testing - Edexcel Past Exam Questions
Hypothesis Testing www.naikermaths.com 10. (a) Define the critical region of a test statistic.(2) A discrete random variable X has a Binomial distribution B(30, p).A single observation is used to …
Examples Of Biased Survey Questions - khtoolsdev.kisanhub
Examples Of Biased Survey Questions examples of biased survey questions: Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods Paul J. Lavrakas, 2008-09-12 To the uninformed, surveys appear …
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(b) Do you think the dice is biased? Explain your answer. Question 4: Jessica wants to test if a coin is biased. She throws the coin 24 times. (a) Complete the relative frequency table. (b) Do …
Bias in personnel selection and occupational assessments: …
As highlighted earlier in this article, test content can be biased, bias can be cultural in nature, and it can take the . 40 Int. J. Psychol. Couns. form of gender bias, criterion bias, and also item …
Test Bias, Fairness, and Standardized Admission Tests
assure that test bias does not occur, and are administered, scored, and reported following the same procedures for all candidates. PCAT test forms consist of both operational items (used …
An Introduction to Differential Item Functioning Analysis
a test measures only construct-relevant differences between subpopulations (Messick, 1989). If test equity is not achieved, a test or test item is biased toward a particular subpopulation of the …
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The WRITI CTR - Purdue University Fort Wayne
The CRAAP Test is a list of questions to help you determine if the information you have is worthy of use in your projects. Please keep in mind that the following list of questions is not static or …
Psychometric Barriers II: Test Bias - GitHub Pages
Questions derived from the lecture slide materials All lectures will be represented in the exam Contains a mixture of "easy", "moderate", and "hard items" ... However, it is also possible the …
SURVEY DESIGN, SAMPLING, AND BIAS 9.1.1 – 9.1 - Delano …
wording of survey questions. Later in the section they do an activity which shows the need for the random selection of subjects to reduce bias in statistical studies. For additional information, …
TESTING AND ASSESSMENT WITH PERSONS
a given test and/or test item are equivalent or invariant between members from culturally different populations with those from the reference population for which the test and assessment scores …
norm refrenced tests - FairTest
Tests can be biased. Some questions may favor one kind of student or another for reasons that have nothing to do with the subject area being tested. Non-school knowledge that is more co …
Abstract Reasoning - Psychometric Success
ABSTR ACT REASONING—PR ACTICE TEST Test 1—25 Questions Answer as many questions as you can in 20 minutes. Circle the letter on the right which corresponds ... questions that are …
CH013.indd - thegotoschool.org
to understand these socioeconomic and ethnic differences in IQ test scores focused mainly on identifying biased test items. Later research to examine dif-ferential prediction of achievement …
Quarter 4 Module 7 Differentiating Bias and Prejudice
Jul 21, 2020 · Directions: Based on the discussion on this module, give examples of Biases and Prejudices. Example Bias: 1. Bea won the beauty contest because one of the judges is her …
Collection of Solved Feedback Ampli fier Problems
examples, a test voltage source is added in series with the load. Most texts neglect the feedforward gain through the feedback network in calculating the forward gain A. When the …
Examples Of Biased Survey Questions (PDF)
Examples Of Biased Survey Questions: Subprime Attention Crisis Tim Hwang,2020-10-13 From FSGO x Logic a revealing examination of digital advertising ... and redefine life today …
IsIs the the SAT SAT Biased? Biased? A A Review Review ofof …
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Show me the evidence! A primary source toolkit for GCSE …
• Practice 2: identifying the utility of biased sources. • Assessment: understand how all sources can be useful despite their bias. TOP TIP Although identifying bias is an important tool to …
Best Way To Learn English As A Second Language
Unveiling the Magic of Words: A Review of "Best Way To Learn English As A Second Language" In some sort of defined by information and interconnectivity, the enchanting power of words …
Accompanying Guide to New Question Type - Texas …
All example questions in this guide are from the new question type samplers, which are available here: new question type samplers Information provided in this document is subject to change …
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Some notable examples include MIT OpenCourseWare, which offers free access to course materials from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Digital Public Library of …
