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| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds, 2000-08-27 This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series of quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is the newest framework for an expanded approach developed by U.S. and Canadian scientists. This book discusses in detail the role of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and the carotenoids in human physiology and health. For each nutrient the committee presents what is known about how it functions in the human body, which factors may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. Dietary Reference Intakes provides reference intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for different groups based on age and gender, along with a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), designed to assist an individual in knowing how much is too much of a nutrient. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Chemoprevention Clinical Trials , 1985 |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Eat for Life National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, 1992-01-01 Results from the National Research Council's (NRC) landmark study Diet and health are readily accessible to nonscientists in this friendly, easy-to-read guide. Readers will find the heart of the book in the first chapter: the Food and Nutrition Board's nine-point dietary plan to reduce the risk of diet-related chronic illness. The nine points are presented as sensible guidelines that are easy to follow on a daily basis, without complicated measuring or calculatingâ€and without sacrificing favorite foods. Eat for Life gives practical recommendations on foods to eat and in a how-to section provides tips on shopping (how to read food labels), cooking (how to turn a high-fat dish into a low-fat one), and eating out (how to read a menu with nutrition in mind). The volume explains what protein, fiber, cholesterol, and fats are and what foods contain them, and tells readers how to reduce their risk of chronic disease by modifying the types of food they eat. Each chronic disease is clearly defined, with information provided on its prevalence in the United States. Written for everyone concerned about how they can influence their health by what they eat, Eat for Life offers potentially lifesaving information in an understandable and persuasive way. Alternative Selection, Quality Paperback Book Club |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General, 2010 This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Life Sciences, Committee on Comparative Toxicity of Naturally Occurring Carcinogens, 1996-03-12 Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer riskâ€and potential anticarcinogenic effectâ€from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke , 2006 This Surgeon General's report returns to the topic of the health effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. The last comprehensive review of this evidence by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was in the 1986 Surgeon General's report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking, published 20 years ago this year. This new report updates the evidence of the harmful effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. This large body of research findings is captured in an accompanying dynamic database that profiles key epidemiologic findings, and allows the evidence on health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke to be synthesized and updated (following the format of the 2004 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking). The database enables users to explore the data and studies supporting the conclusions in the report. The database is available on the Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General, 1990 |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: An Evidence-based Approach to Phytochemicals and Other Dietary Factors Jane Higdon, Victoria J. Drake, 2012-11-07 Now in a completely updated second edition, An Evidence-based Approach to Dietary Phytochemicals and Other Dietary Factors is a trusted resource for all health professionals who need to interpret the explosion of information on the role of a plant-based diet in health and disease. It consolidates a wealth of scientifically accurate, peer-reviewed data on plant foods, dietary phytochemicals, and dietary supplements, and includes information on essential intake recommendations, dietary sources, nutrient and drug interactions, phytochemicals in disease prevention, possible adverse effects, and much more. Special features: All chapters revised and updated, with new sections on choline, coenzyme Q10, L-Carnitine, lipoic acid, and other dietary factors Logically structured for quick access to information: begins with the evidence-based benefits of fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains, coffee, and tea; and goes on to the scientific and clinical data on individual dietary phytochemicals and classes of phytochemicals, including carotenoids, flavonoids, fiber, and more Summaries at the end of each chapter for rapid review Peer-reviewed by experts in the field, ensuring that all material is accurate and up-to-date The well-constructed appendix includes not only a quick reference to diseases and foods and where to find them in the book, but also useful tables on phytochemical-drug interactions, phytochemical-nutrient interactions, and phytochemical-rich foods; a summary of the glycemic index of dietary carbohydrates; and a comprehensive glossary of terms |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: The Fat-Soluble Vitamins H. DeLuca, 2012-12-06 The first demonstration of the existence of a vitamin and the full recognition of this fact are often attributed to the work of McCollum, who found that a sub stance in butterfat and cod-liver oil was necessary for growth and health of ani mals fed purified diets. It became obvious that an organic substance present in microconcentrations was vital to growth and reproduction of animals. Following the coining of the word vitamine by Funk, McCollum named this fat-soluble sub stance vitamin A. We can, therefore, state that vitamin A was certainly one of the first known vitamins, yet its function and the function of the other fat-soluble vitamins had remained largely unknown until recent years. However, there has been an explosion of investigation and new information in this field, which had remained quiescent for at least two or three decades. It is now obvious that the fat-soluble vitamins function quite differently from their water-soluble counter parts. We have learned that vitamin D functions by virtue of its being converted in the kidney to a hormone that functions to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism. This new endocrine system is in the process of being elucidated in detail, and in addition, the medical use of these hormonal forms of vitamin D in the treatment of a variety of metabolic bone diseases has excited the medical com munity. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Diet and Health National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Life Sciences, Committee on Diet and Health, 1989-01-01 Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Nutraceuticals and Cancer Signaling Seid Mahdi Jafari, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Ana Sanches Silva, 2021-09-24 Today's consumers are looking for food products with health-promoting roles in addition to nutritional benefits. With current research showing that nutraceuticals and functional foods rich in specific bioactives may have chemopreventative effects, these products are increasingly popular. However, while much in the literature supports the health-promoting features of these foods, few texts focus on their bioactive agents and their mode of action in cancer signaling. Nutraceuticals and Cancer Signalling: Clinical Aspects and Mode of Action explains the link between nutraceuticals and cancer in terms of clinical trials and modes of action. This book gives an overview of common cancers and their mechanisms, and the most common functional foods and their bioactive components. Individual chapters focus on specific functional foods--including tomatoes, garlic, honey, tea, yoghurt, and many more--their prominent bioactive compounds, and their mode of action in cancer signaling and chemoprevention. Recent findings on cancer-prevention roles of different vitamins and minerals are also discussed. For food scientists, nutritionists, and pharmaceutical experts looking to understand how functional foods can play a role in fighting cancer, this text serves as a one-stop reference. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Cancer Epidemiology Isabel dos Santos Silva, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1999 A basic textbook addressed to medical and public health students, clinicians, health professionals, and all others seeking to understand the principles and methods used in cancer epidemiology. Written by a prominent epidemiologist and experienced teacher at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the text aims to help readers become competent in the use of basic epidemiological tools and capable of exercising critical judgment when assessing results reported by others. Throughout the text, a lively writing style and numerous illustrative examples, often using real research data, facilitate an easy understanding of basic concepts and methods. Information ranges from an entertaining account of the origins of epidemiology, through advice on how to overcome some of the limitations of survival analysis, to a checklist of questions to ask when considering sources of bias. Although statistical concepts and formulae are presented, the emphasis is consistently on the interpretation of the data rather than on the actual calculations. The text has 18 chapters. The first six introduce the basic principles of epidemiology and statistics. Chapters 7-13 deal in more depth with each of the study designs and interpretation of their findings. Two chapters, concerned with the problems of confounding and study size, cover more complex statistical concepts and are included for advanced study. A chapter on methodological issues in cancer prevention gives examples of epidemiology's contribution to primary prevention, screening and other activities for early detection, and tertiary prevention. The concluding chapters review the role of cancer registries and discuss practical considerations that should be taken into account in the design, planning, and conduct of any type of epidemiological research. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Physicians' Desk Reference for Nonprescription Drugs and Dietary Supplements , 2002 |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Tobacco and Public Health Peter Boyle, 2004 This book comprehensively covers the science and policy issues relevant to one of the major public health disasters of modern times. It pulls together the aetiology and burden of the myriad of tobacco related diseases with the successes and failures of tobacco control policies. The book looks at lessons learnt to help set health policy for reducing the burden of tobacco related diseases. The book also deals with the international public health policy issues which bear on control of the problem of tobacco use and which vary between continents. The editors are an international group distinguished in the field of tobacco related diseases, epidemiology, and tobacco control. The contributors are world experts drawn from the various clinical fields. This major reference text gives a unique overview of one of the major public health problems in both the developed and developing world. The book is directed at an international public health and epidemiology audience includng health economists and those interested in tobacco control. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Carotenoid Cleavage Products Peter Winterhalter, Susan E. Ebeler, 2014-01 Discusses the latest research and developments in carotenoid cleavage reactions, stemming from an ACS Symposium. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Functional Foods in Cancer Prevention and Therapy Yearul Kabir, 2020-03-24 Functional Foods in Cancer Prevention and Therapy presents the wide range of functional foods associated with the prevention and treatment of cancer. In recent decades, researchers have made progress in our understanding of the association between functional food and cancer, especially as it relates to cancer treatment and prevention. Specifically, substantial evidence from epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies show that various food components may alter cancer risk, the prognosis after cancer onset, and the quality of life after cancer treatment. The book documents the therapeutic roles of well-known functional foods and explains their role in cancer therapy. The book presents complex cancer patterns and evidence of the effective ways to control cancers with the use of functional foods. This book will serve as informative reference for researchers focused on the role of food in cancer prevention and physicians and clinicians involved in cancer treatment. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Women and Smoking United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General, 2001 The second report from the U.S. Surgeon General devoted to women and smoking. Includes executive summary, chapter conclusions, full text chapters, and references. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Good Stories, Bad Science: A Guide for Journalists to the Health Claims of 'Consumer Activist' Groups , |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Red Meat and Processed Meat IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2018-07-27 This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the consumption of red meat and the consumption of processed meat. Red meat refers to unprocessed mammalian muscle meat (e.g. beef, veal, pork, lamb) including that which may be minced or frozen. Processed meat refers to meat that has been transformed through salting, curing, fermentation, smoking or other processes to enhance flavor or improve preservation. Most processed meats contain pork or beef, but may also contain other meats including poultry and offal (e.g. liver) or meat by-products such as blood. Red meat contains proteins of high biological value, and important micronutrients such as B vitamins, iron (both free iron and haem iron), and zinc. Carcinogens, including heterocyclic aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can be produced by cooking of meat, with greatest amounts generated at high temperatures by pan-frying, grilling, or barbecuing. Meat processing such as curing and smoking can result in formation of carcinogenic chemicals including N-nitroso compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of the consumption of red meat and processed meat. The Working Group assessed more than 800 epidemiological studies that investigated the association of cancer (more than 15 types) with consumption of red meat or processed meat, including large cohorts in many countries, from several continents, with diverse ethnicities and diets. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Flavonoids José Justino, 2017-08-23 Flavonoids are abundant secondary metabolites found in plants and fungi that have various roles in these organisms, including pigmentation, cell signalling, plant defence and inter-organism communication. Due to their abundance in nature, flavonoids are also important components of the human diet, and the last four decades have seen an intense study focused on the structure characterization of flavonoids and on their roles in mammal metabolism. This book reviews most of the well-established activities of flavonoids, and we also present more recent research studies on the area of flavonoids, including the chemical aspects of structure characterization of flavonoids, the biosynthesis of flavonoids in model plants as well as their role in abiotic stress situations and in agriculture, the role of flavonoids in metabolism and health and their importance in foods, from consumption to their use as bioactive components. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Avoiding Cancer One Day at a Time Lynne Eldridge, Lynne Stoesz-Eldridge, David Borgeson, 2006-12 The mortality rate from cancer hasn't changed in 60 years despite the billions invested to find a cure. Avoiding Cancer One Day At A Time provides solid, practical advice for preventing cancer by avoiding carcinogens and implementing lifestyle/dietary practices that modify cancer causing factors. Combining their experience in family medicine and epidemiology with their passion for disease prevention, the authors provide the most up to date and effective advice for preventing cancer from developing in ourselves and our loved ones. Many ?how to? examples for preventing cancer by being environmentally aware, avoiding infections, living the proper lifestyle and getting the proper nutrition are provided. Chapter by chapter summaries and listings of the latest cancer prevention web sites are great references. Worksheets assist readers in implementing the advice in very tangible ways, and the recipe collection of cancer avoiding meals is a winner! |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Physical Activity and Cancer Kerry S. Courneya, Christine M. Friedenreich, 2010-11-26 This book explores in depth the relation between physical activity and cancer control, including primary prevention, coping with treatments, recovery after treatments, long-term survivorship, secondary prevention, and survival. The first part of the book presents the most recent research on the impact of physical activity in preventing a range of cancers. In the second part, the association between physical activity and cancer survivorship is addressed. The effects of physical activity on supportive care endpoints (e.g., quality of life, fatigue, physical functioning) and disease endpoints (e.g., biomarkers, recurrence, survival) are carefully analyzed. In addition, the determinants of physical activity in cancer survivors are discussed, and behavior change strategies for increasing physical activity in cancer survivors are appraised. The final part of the book is devoted to special topics, including the relation of physical activity to pediatric cancer survivorship and to palliative cancer care. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: How to Live Longer and Feel Better Linus Pauling, 2006 Pauling's simple, inexpensive plan suggests avoiding sugar, stress, and smoking, working in a job that you like, and being happy with your family. To avoid serious illness and enjoy a longer life, he recommends taking vitamins for optimum health and as insurance against disease.--P. [4] of cover. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Antioxidant Status, Diet, Nutrition, and Health Andreas M. Papas, 2019-10-16 This is the first book to integrate the biological, nutritional, and health aspects of antioxidant status. Fifty contributors integrate and transfer the knowledge of free radicals and antioxidants from the test tube to the laboratory of the biologist, clinical nutritionist, and medical researcher, as well as to the office of the dietician, nutritionist, and physician. Topics examined include factors affecting and methods for evaluating antioxidant status in humans; effect of diet and physiological stage (infancy, aging, exercise, alcoholism, HIV infection, etc.) on antioxidant status; and the role of antioxidant status in nutrition, health, and disease. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: European Nutrition and Health Report 2004 I. Elmadfa, Elisabeth Weichselbaum, 2005-01-01 The European Nutrition and Health Report is the first comprehensive assessment of the present status of nutrition and health in Europe, and of the available resources and requirements for compatible and representative data from different countries. 13 EU member states and Norway have participated in this project, pursuing three main goals: Compilation of available nutrient intake and health data Identification of major nutrition and health problems Identification of problems concerning the methods and compatibility of data collection The main topics include food supply and availability, energy and nutrient intake in different age groups, health indicators and status, obesity, physical activity and smoking. The Appendix offers a detailed publication of national reports and single projects. This book provides a solid basis for the planning of future projects in nutrition and health and should be of great interest to all professionals in the fields of nutrition, preventive medicine and public health as well as to health policy makers. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: The Healing Power of Vitamins, Minerals, and Herbs , 1999 This comprehensive reference contains the information families need to use vitamins, minerals and herbs wisely, whether they are interested in maintaining good health, coping with everyday complaints, or dealing with serious diseases. 300 color photos, illustrations & charts. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee of Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Panel on Micronutrients, 2002-07-19 This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is too much of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Vitamania Catherine Price, 2015-02-24 “[An] absorbing and meticulously researched history of the beginnings and causes of our obsession with vitamins and nutrition.” —The New York Times Most of us know nothing about vitamins. What’s more, what we think we know is harming both our personal nutrition and our national health. By focusing on vitamins at the expense of everything else, we’ve become blind to the bigger picture: despite our belief that vitamins are an absolute good—and the more of them, the better—vitamins are actually small and surprisingly mysterious pieces of a much larger nutritional puzzle. In Vitamania, award-winning journalist Catherine Price offers a lucid and lively journey through our cherished yet misguided beliefs about vitamins, and reveals a straightforward, blessedly anxiety-free path to enjoyable eating and good health. When vitamins were discovered a mere century ago, they changed the destiny of the human species by preventing and curing many terrifying diseases. Yet it wasn’t long before vitamins spread from labs of scientists into the realm of food marketers and began to take on a life of their own. The era of “vitamania,” as one 1940s journalist called it, had begun. Though we’ve gained much from our embrace of vitamins, what we’ve lost is a crucial sense of perspective. By buying into a century of hype and advertising, we have accepted the false idea that particular dietary chemicals can be used as shortcuts to health—whether they be antioxidants or omega-3s or, yes, vitamins. And it’s our vitamin-inspired desire for effortless shortcuts that created today’s dietary supplement industry, a veritable Wild West of overpromising “miracle” substances that can be legally sold without any proof that they are effective or safe. Price’s travels to vitamin manufacturers and food laboratories and military testing kitchens—along with her deep dive into the history of nutritional science— provide a witty and dynamic narrative arc that binds Vitamania together. The result is a page-turning exploration of the history, science, hype, and future of nutrition. And her ultimate message is both inspiring and straightforward: given all that we don’t know about vitamins and nutrition, the best way to decide what to eat is to stop obsessing and simply embrace this uncertainty head-on. Praise for Vitamania: “Measured, funny, and fascinating. The only thing that Catherine Price is selling here is good reporting, engaging storytelling, and more than you thought you could possibly learn about vitamins. If you need vitamins to survive (you do), you should read this book.” —Scientific American |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: The Gerson Therapy Charlotte Gerson, Morton Walker, 2001 Offers a nutritional program that utilizes the healing powers of organic fruits and vegetables to reverse the effects of cancer and other illnesses. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Bad Science Ben Goldacre, 2010-10-12 The informative and witty exposé of the bad science we are all subjected to, called one of the essential reads of the year by New Scientist. We are obsessed with our health. And yet—from the media's world-expert microbiologist with a mail-order Ph.D. in his garden shed laboratory, and via multiple health scares and miracle cures—we are constantly bombarded with inaccurate, contradictory, and sometimes even misleading information. Until now. Ben Goldacre masterfully dismantles the questionable science behind some of the great drug trials, court cases, and missed opportunities of our time, but he also goes further: out of the bullshit, he shows us the fascinating story of how we know what we know, and gives us the tools to uncover bad science for ourselves. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: The Global Market for Carotenoids BCC Research, 2011-09 |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Bad Medicine Christopher Wanjek, 2003-04-07 Christopher Wanjek uses a take-no-prisoners approach in debunkingthe outrageous nonsense being heaped on a gullible public in thename of science and medicine. Wanjek writes with clarity, humor,and humanity, and simultaneously informs and entertains. -Dr. Michael Shermer, Publisher, Skeptic magazine; monthlycolumnist, Scientific American; author of Why People Believe WeirdThings Prehistoric humans believed cedar ashes and incantations could curea head injury. Ancient Egyptians believed the heart was the centerof thought, the liver produced blood, and the brain cooled thebody. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates was a big fan ofbloodletting. Today, we are still plagued by countless medicalmyths and misconceptions. Bad Medicine sets the record straight bydebunking widely held yet incorrect notions of how the body works,from cold cures to vaccination fears. Clear, accessible, and highly entertaining, Bad Medicine dispelssuch medical convictions as: * You only use 10% of your brain: CAT, PET, and MRI scans all provethat there are no inactive regions of the brain . . . not evenduring sleep. * Sitting too close to the TV causes nearsightedness: Your motherwas wrong. Most likely, an already nearsighted child sits close tosee better. * Eating junk food will make your face break out: Acne is caused bydead skin cells, hormones, and bacteria, not from a pizza witheverything on it. * If you don't dress warmly, you'll catch a cold: Cold viruses arethe true and only cause of colds. Protect yourself and the ones you love from bad medicine-the brainyou save may be your own. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Prostate Cancer Prevention Jack Cuzick, Mangesh A. Thorat, 2014-02-15 Prostate cancer is by far the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of death due to cancer. It comprises a mixed group of tumours displaying varying clinical behaviour: while some have a very aggressive course, others are rather indolent. Prevention of prostate cancer and discrimination between aggressive and indolent forms are important clinical goals and the acquisition of significant new evidence on means of achieving these aims makes this book particularly timely. A wide range of topics are covered by leading authorities in the field. The biology and natural history of prostate cancer are reviewed and the role of lifestyle and dietary factors, assessed. Detailed attention is paid to risk prediction biomarkers and to the role of novel high-throughput nucleic acid-based technologies in improving risk prediction and thereby allowing tailored approaches to cancer prevention. Potential means of chemoprevention of prostate cancer are also reviewed in depth, covering the very positive new data on the impact of aspirin as well as evidence regarding 5α-reductase inhibitors, DFMO and lycopene. Guidance is provided on the differentiation of aggressive from indolent disease and the policy and research implications of recent findings are examined. This book will be of interest to both clinicians and researchers. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Biosocial Surveys National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Committee on Advances in Collecting and Utilizing Biological Indicators and Genetic Information in Social Science Surveys, 2008-01-06 Biosocial Surveys analyzes the latest research on the increasing number of multipurpose household surveys that collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewerâ€respondent information. This book serves as a follow-up to the 2003 volume, Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? and asks these questions: What have the social sciences, especially demography, learned from those efforts and the greater interdisciplinary communication that has resulted from them? Which biological or genetic information has proven most useful to researchers? How can better models be developed to help integrate biological and social science information in ways that can broaden scientific understanding? This volume contains a collection of 17 papers by distinguished experts in demography, biology, economics, epidemiology, and survey methodology. It is an invaluable sourcebook for social and behavioral science researchers who are working with biosocial data. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Diet Nutrition And Cancer National Research Council, 2022-10-27 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: The Cell Cycle and Cancer Renato Baserga, 1971 |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, National Cancer Policy Board, 2003-05-07 Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: The Cancer Code Dr. Jason Fung, 2020-11-10 Author of the international bestsellers The Diabetes Code and The Obesity Code Dr. Jason Fung returns with an eye-opening biography of cancer in which he offers a radical new paradigm for understanding cancer—and issues a call to action for reducing risk moving forward. Our understanding of cancer is slowly undergoing a revolution, allowing for the development of more effective treatments. For the first time ever, the death rate from cancer is showing a steady decline . . . but the “War on Cancer” has hardly been won. In The Cancer Code, Dr. Jason Fung offers a revolutionary new understanding of this invasive, often fatal disease—what it is, how it manifests, and why it is so challenging to treat. In this rousing narrative, Dr. Fung identifies the medical community’s many missteps in cancer research—in particular, its focus on genetics, or what he terms the “seed” of cancer, at the expense of examining the “soil,” or the conditions under which cancer flourishes. Dr. Fung—whose groundbreaking work in the treatment of obesity and diabetes has won him international acclaim—suggests that the primary disease pathway of cancer is caused by the dysregulation of insulin. In fact, obesity and type 2 diabetes significantly increase an individual’s risk of cancer. In this accessible read, Dr. Fung provides a new paradigm for dealing with cancer, with recommendations for what we can do to create a hostile soil for this dangerous seed. One such strategy is intermittent fasting, which reduces blood glucose, lowering insulin levels. Another, eliminating intake of insulin-stimulating foods, such as sugar and refined carbohydrates. For hundreds of years, cancer has been portrayed as a foreign invader we’ve been powerless to stop. By reshaping our view of cancer as an internal uprising of our own healthy cells, we can begin to take back control. The seed of cancer may exist in all of us, but the power to change the soil is in our hands. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Recent Advances in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics C Bouchard, J. M. Ordovas, 2012-06-19 Recent Advances in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics. |
| beta carotene lung cancer study flawed: Present Knowledge in Nutrition John W. Erdman, Jr., Ian A. MacDonald, Steven H. Zeisel, 2012-05-30 Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 10th Edition provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of human nutrition, including micronutrients, systems biology, immunity, public health, international nutrition, and diet and disease prevention. This definitive reference captures the current state of this vital and dynamic science from an international perspective, featuring nearly 140 expert authors from 14 countries around the world. Now condensed to a single volume, this 10th edition contains new chapters on topics such as epigenetics, metabolomics, and sports nutrition.The remaining chapters have been thoroughly updated to reflect recent developments. Suggested reading lists are now provided for readers wishing to delve further into specific subject areas. An accompanying website provides book owners with access to an image bank of tables and figures as well as any updates the authors may post to their chapters between editions. Now available in both print and electronic formats, the 10th edition will serve as a valuable reference for researchers, health professionals, and policy experts as well as educators and advanced nutrition students. |
β-Carotene and lung cancer: a case study - ajcn.nutrition.org
between b-carotene and lung cancer in humans serves as a poignant case study with respect to what types of evidence are sufficient to support or change a nutrition recommendation.
Beta-carotene and lung cancer* - De Gruyter
Abstract: Does beta-carotene increase, rather than decrease, human lung cancer rates? large body of observational epidemiologic study has demonstrated that individuals more fruits and …
Beta-carotene in Multivitamins and the Possible Risk of Lung …
In the current study, the authors investigated the risk of lung cancer associated with beta-caro-tene in smokers or former smokers and surveyed the beta-carotene content in national brand …
Beta carotene and cancer: risk or protection? - JSTOR
large study of the combination of beta carotene and vitamin A as preventive agents for lung cancer among high-risk men and women, terminated the intervention in January 1996 after an …
I. There is Convincing Scientific Evidence that Beta-Carotene …
The evidence that beta-carotene supplements can cause lung cancer is based primarily on two large randomized controlled trials: • The Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer …
Nutritional Supplements and Cancer: Potential Benefits and …
Feb 3, 2014 · For example, these trials showed that beta-carotene increases the risk of lung and stomach cancer, vitamin E increases prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma, and selenium …
Caution in High Dose Supplement Use: A Case Study of Beta …
carotene have a lower risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer. However, contradictory evidence has arisen from human intervention studies using beta-carotene supplements (20-30 mg per …
Vitamins and lung cancer - Cambridge University Press
Vitamins with antioxidant activity have received much attention. β-Carotene, the most efficient provitamin A, was found to be inversely related to the risk of lung cancer in many prospective …
beta-carotene, vitamin C vitamin cancer among the - Nature
vitamin C supplement use and bladder cancer risk. In women, reduced c. protective effect on colon cancer risk in women. There was some suggestion that beta-carotene intake and …
Carotenoids: More than just beta-carotene
Recent confusing results from large intervention trials with beta-carotene and lung cancer incidence are emphasized in relation to supplementation doses and beta-carotene source …
Some nutrients can increase risk for lung cancer - sph.unc.edu
In fact, the study showed that a person’s risk of lung cancer increased the longer they took supplements containing beta-caro-tene, retinol and lutein. For example, a person who took …
Effects of beta-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence …
Methods: Beta-carotene’s e•ect on cancer over nearly 13 years was examined overall and within subgroups defined by baseline characteristics using proportional-hazards models. Results: …
Diet, nutrition, physical activity and lung cancer
Beta-carotene supplements: Consumption of high-dose beta-carotene supplements is a convincing cause of lung cancer in current and former smokers. Limited-suggestive evidence …
Metabolomic profile of response to supplementation with β …
Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC)4 Study showed that male smokers supplemented with 20 mg b-carotene/d had a greater incidence of lung cancer (18%) and …
The Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of …
Lung cancer Other cancer Ischemic heart disease Hemorrhagic stroke ... Beta carotene NO beta carotene 500 700 100 No. 172 (20.3) 164 (19.3) 191 (22.5) 200 (23.5) 300
The antioxidant myth: a medical fairy tale - David Colquhoun
In 1992 researchers at the US National Cancer Institute set about testing beta carotene. They recruited more than 18,000 people at high risk of developing lung cancer, either because they …
Serum Cholesterol, Beta-Carotene, and Risk of Lung Cancer
This paper hypothesizes that beta-carotene mediates the association between low serum cholesterol and increased risk of lung cancer, predicts that the association should be greater in …
PROTOCOL FOR THE FULL SCALE BETA-CAROTENE AND …
2.21 Baseline serum concentrations and total daily intake of beta-carotene and/or retinoids will correlate inversely with risk of developing lung cancer. 2.22 Oral supplementation with beta …
Beta-Carotene: The Controversy Continues - altmedrev.com
The three β-carotene intervention trials: the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC), and Physician’s Health …
β-Carotene and lung cancer: a case study - ajcn.nutrition.org
between b-carotene and lung cancer in humans serves as a poignant case study with respect to what types of evidence are sufficient to support or change a nutrition recommendation.
Beta-carotene and lung cancer* - De Gruyter
Abstract: Does beta-carotene increase, rather than decrease, human lung cancer rates? large body of observational epidemiologic study has demonstrated that individuals more fruits and …
Beta-carotene in Multivitamins and the Possible Risk of Lung …
In the current study, the authors investigated the risk of lung cancer associated with beta-caro-tene in smokers or former smokers and surveyed the beta-carotene content in national brand …
Beta carotene and cancer: risk or protection? - JSTOR
large study of the combination of beta carotene and vitamin A as preventive agents for lung cancer among high-risk men and women, terminated the intervention in January 1996 after an …
I. There is Convincing Scientific Evidence that Beta-Carotene …
The evidence that beta-carotene supplements can cause lung cancer is based primarily on two large randomized controlled trials: • The Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer …
Nutritional Supplements and Cancer: Potential Benefits and …
Feb 3, 2014 · For example, these trials showed that beta-carotene increases the risk of lung and stomach cancer, vitamin E increases prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma, and selenium …
Caution in High Dose Supplement Use: A Case Study of …
carotene have a lower risk of cancer, particularly lung cancer. However, contradictory evidence has arisen from human intervention studies using beta-carotene supplements (20-30 mg per …
Vitamins and lung cancer - Cambridge University Press
Vitamins with antioxidant activity have received much attention. β-Carotene, the most efficient provitamin A, was found to be inversely related to the risk of lung cancer in many prospective …
beta-carotene, vitamin C vitamin cancer among the - Nature
vitamin C supplement use and bladder cancer risk. In women, reduced c. protective effect on colon cancer risk in women. There was some suggestion that beta-carotene intake and …
Carotenoids: More than just beta-carotene
Recent confusing results from large intervention trials with beta-carotene and lung cancer incidence are emphasized in relation to supplementation doses and beta-carotene source …
Some nutrients can increase risk for lung cancer - sph.unc.edu
In fact, the study showed that a person’s risk of lung cancer increased the longer they took supplements containing beta-caro-tene, retinol and lutein. For example, a person who took …
Effects of beta-carotene supplementation on cancer …
Methods: Beta-carotene’s e•ect on cancer over nearly 13 years was examined overall and within subgroups defined by baseline characteristics using proportional-hazards models. Results: …
Diet, nutrition, physical activity and lung cancer
Beta-carotene supplements: Consumption of high-dose beta-carotene supplements is a convincing cause of lung cancer in current and former smokers. Limited-suggestive evidence …
Metabolomic profile of response to supplementation with β …
Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC)4 Study showed that male smokers supplemented with 20 mg b-carotene/d had a greater incidence of lung cancer (18%) and …
The Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence …
Lung cancer Other cancer Ischemic heart disease Hemorrhagic stroke ... Beta carotene NO beta carotene 500 700 100 No. 172 (20.3) 164 (19.3) 191 (22.5) 200 (23.5) 300
The antioxidant myth: a medical fairy tale - David Colquhoun
In 1992 researchers at the US National Cancer Institute set about testing beta carotene. They recruited more than 18,000 people at high risk of developing lung cancer, either because they …
Serum Cholesterol, Beta-Carotene, and Risk of Lung Cancer …
This paper hypothesizes that beta-carotene mediates the association between low serum cholesterol and increased risk of lung cancer, predicts that the association should be greater in …
PROTOCOL FOR THE FULL SCALE BETA-CAROTENE …
2.21 Baseline serum concentrations and total daily intake of beta-carotene and/or retinoids will correlate inversely with risk of developing lung cancer. 2.22 Oral supplementation with beta …
Beta-Carotene: The Controversy Continues - altmedrev.com
The three β-carotene intervention trials: the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC), and Physician’s Health …
