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| bilingual education in arizona: Implementing Educational Language Policy in Arizona M. Beatriz Arias, Christian Faltis, 2012-04-16 This volume is a unique contribution to the study of language policy and education for English Learners because it focuses on the decade long implementation of “English Only” in Arizona. How this policy influences teacher preparation and classroom practice is the central topic of this volume. Scholars and researchers present their latest findings and concerns regarding the impact that a restrictive language policy has on critical areas for English Learners and diverse students. If a student's language is sanctioned, do they feel welcome in the classroom? If teachers are only taught about subtractive language policy, will they be able to be tolerant of linguistic diversity in their classrooms? The implications of the chapters suggest that Arizona's version of Structured English Immersion may actually limit English Learners' access to English. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Restrictive Language Policy in Practice Amy J. Heineke, 2016-11-01 As the most restrictive language policy context in the United States, Arizona’s monolingual and prescriptive approach to teaching English learners continues to capture international attention. More than five school years after initial implementation, this study uses qualitative data from the individuals doing the policy work to provide a holistic picture of the complexities and intricacies of Arizona’s language policy in practice. Drawing on the varied perspectives of teachers, leaders, administrators, teacher-educators, lawmakers and community activists, the book examines the lived experiences of those involved in Arizona’s language policy on a daily basis, highlighting the importance of local perspectives and experiences as well as the need to prepare and professionalize teachers of English learners. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Language Policy Processes and Consequences Sarah Catherine K. Moore, 2014-06-23 This book accessibly and comprehensively outlines the highly complex case of the English-only movement and educational language policy in Arizona. It ranges from early Proposition 203 implementation to an investigation of what Structured English Immersion (SEI) policy looks like in today's classrooms, and concludes with a discussion on what the various cases mean for the education of English learners in the state. |
| bilingual education in arizona: At War with Diversity James Crawford, 2000-01-01 Bilingualism is a reality that many Americans still find difficult to accept; hence the prominence of English-only activism in U.S. politics. This collection of essays analyzes the sources of the anti-bilingual movement, its changing directions, and its impact on education policy. The book also explores efforts to resist the English-only trend, including projects to revitalize Native American languages. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education Josué M. González, 2008 Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education in the United States Josué M. González, General Editor The Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education in the United States is a two-volume work intended to be a comprehensive, first-stop reference work. It is tightly focused on the unique history, polemics, and the various forms bilingual education has taken in U.S. schools. It was written for use by non-specialists who wish to explore, in a comprehensive non-technical way, the intricacies of this subject from various angles: history, policy, classroom practice, designs, and research bases. Readers may access information about the links between bilingual education and related subjects: linguistics, education equity issues, socio-cultural diversity, and the nature of demographic change in the United States. The work may be viewed as a single-source documentary history of bilingual education in the last half of the 20th century but its roots in earlier periods in U.S. history are also summarized. The book includes a number of public documents that can serve as primary sources for research on public policy aspects in the education of language minority students. Because bilingual education in the U.S. has been the subject of intense public policy debate, important legislation and litigation documents are reproduced and discussed. The work was prepared bearing in mind the research needs of university undergraduates, school personnel, journalists, and others who require quick and accurate material. Because it is comprehensive in coverage, it should prove valuable to those who wish to understand the polemics associated with this field as well as its technical details. The information presented can serve as a starting point for more focused or specialized inquiry. Included are succinct presentations of laws and court cases, demographic data and selected biographical and bibliographic material. A number of thoughtful essays round out the compendium. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Encyclopedia of Bilingual Education Josue M. Gonzalez, 2008-06-05 The book is arranged alphabetically from Academic English to Zelasko, Nancy. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Bilingualism in the Southwest Paul R. Turner, 1982 |
| bilingual education in arizona: Dual Language Education Kathryn J. Lindholm-Leary, 2001-01-01 Dual language education is a program that combines language minority and language majority students for instruction through two languages. This book provides the conceptual background for the program and discusses major implementation issues. Research findings summarize language proficiency and achievement outcomes from 8000 students at 20 schools, along with teacher and parent attitudes. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Social Justice through Multilingual Education Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, Robert Phillipson, Ajit K. Mohanty, Minati Panda, 2009-08-20 The principles for enabling children to become fully proficient multilinguals through schooling are well known. Even so, most indigenous/tribal, minority and marginalised children are not provided with appropriate mother-tongue-based multilingual education (MLE) that would enable them to succeed in school and society. In this book experts from around the world ask why this is, and show how it can be done. The book discusses general principles and challenges in depth and presents case studies from Canada and the USA, northern Europe, Peru, Africa, India, Nepal and elsewhere in Asia. Analysis by leading scholars in the field shows the importance of building on local experience. Sharing local solutions globally can lead to better theory, and to action for more social justice and equality through education. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Rethinking Bilingual Education Elizabeth Barbian, 2017 In this collection of articles, teachers bring students' home languages into their classrooms-from powerful bilingual social justice curriculum to strategies for honoring students' languages in schools that do not have bilingual programs. Bilingual educators and advocates share how they work to keep equity at the center and build solidarity between diverse communities. Teachers and students speak to the tragedy of languages loss, but also about inspiring work to defend and expand bilingual programs. Book jacket. |
| bilingual education in arizona: English for the Children Johanna J. Haver, 2013-05-23 Silicon Valley software entrepreneur Ron Unz took on the education establishment, both major political parties, the ACLU, and several activist groups with his English for the Children movement that began in 1996 and ended on Election Day 2002. His campaign to dismantle bilingual education through ballot measures in four states - California, Arizona, Colorado, and Massachusetts - drew frequent responses from the national media that initially opposed and then supported Unz's cause. The initiatives passed with 61-68% of the vote in three states, but failed in Colorado. Experienced teacher and author of Structured English Immersion, Johanna J. Haverdetails the politics surrounding the Unz campaign, explaining both sides of the issues honestly and respectfully. She outlines the challenges that ensued after the measures became law and discusses areas of concern that remain in dispute to this day: Identification, placement, and reclassification of English language learners English proficiency tests Segregation versus integration Compliance versus flexibility The Office for Civil Rights Federal and state funding Dual-language instruction as an option |
| bilingual education in arizona: Book Fiesta! Pat Mora, 2009-03-10 Take a ride in a long submarine or fly away in a hot air balloon. Whatever you do, just be sure to bring your favorite book! Rafael López's colorful illustrations perfectly complement Pat Mora's lilting text in this delightful celebration of El día de los niños/El día de los libros; Children's Day/Book Day. Toon! Toon! Includes a letter from the author and suggestions for celebrating El día de los niños/El día de los libros; Children's Day/Book Day. Pasea por el mar en un largo submarino o viaja lejos en un globo aerostático. No importa lo que hagas, ¡no olvides traer tu libro preferido! Las coloridas ilustraciones de Rafael López complementan perfectamente el texto rítmico de Pat Mora en esta encantadora celebración de El día de los niños/El día de los libros. ¡Tun! ¡Tun! Incluye una carta de la autora y sugerencias para celebrar El día de los niños/El día de los libros. The author will donate a portion of the proceeds from this book to literacy initiatives related to Children's Day/Book Day. La autora donará una porción de las ganancias de este libro a programas para fomentar la alfabetización relacionados con El día de los niños/El día de los libros. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Forbidden Language Patricia Gándara, Megan Hopkins, 2010-01-22 Pulling together the most up-to-date research on the effects of restrictive language policies, this timely volume focuses on what we know about the actual outcomes for students and teachers in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts—states where these policies have been adopted. Prominent legal experts in bilingual education analyze these policies and specifically consider whether the new data undermine their legal viability. Other prominent contributors examine alternative policies and how these have fared. Finally, Patricia Gándara, Daniel Losen, and Gary Orfield suggest how better policies, which rely on empirical research, might be constructed. This timely volume: Features contributions from well-known educators and scholars in the instruction of English learners. Includes an overview of English learners in the United States and a brief history of the policies that have guided their instruction. Analyzes the current research on teaching English learners in order to determine the most effective instructional strategies. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Mexican Americans and Language Glenn A. Mart’nez, 2006-04-06 When political activists rallied for the abolition of bilingual education and even called for the declaration of English as an official language, Mexican Americans and other immigrant groups saw this as an assault on their heritage and civil rights. Because language is such a defining characteristic of Mexican American ethnicity, nearly every policy issue that touches their lives involves language in one way or another. This book offers an overview of some of the central issues in the Mexican American language experience, describing it in terms of both bilingualism and minority status. It is the first book to focus on the historical, social, political, and structural aspects of multiple languages in the Mexican American experience and to address the principles and methods of applied sociolinguistic research in the Mexican American community. Spanish and non-Spanish speakers in the Mexican American community share a common set of social and ethnic bonds. They also share a common experience of bilingualism. As MartA-nez observes, the ideas that have been constructed around bilingualism are as important to understanding the Mexican American language experience as bilingualism itself. Mexican Americans and Language gives students the background they need to respond to the multiple social problems that can result from the language differences that exist in the Mexican American community. By showing students how to go from word to deed (del dicho al hecho), it reinforces the importance of language for their community, and for their own lives and futures. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Raza Studies Julio Cammarota, Augustine Romero, 2014-02-27 The well-known and controversial Mexican American studies (MAS) program in Arizona’s Tucson Unified School District set out to create an equitable and excellent educational experience for Latino students. Raza Studies: The Public Option for Educational Revolution offers the first comprehensive account of this progressive—indeed revolutionary—program by those who created it, implemented it, and have struggled to protect it. Inspired by Paulo Freire’s vision for critical pedagogy and Chicano activists of the 1960s, the designers of the program believed their program would encourage academic achievement and engagement by Mexican American students. With chapters by leading scholars, this volume explains how the program used “critically compassionate intellectualism” to help students become “transformative intellectuals” who successfully worked to improve their level of academic achievement, as well as create social change in their schools and communities. Despite its popularity and success inverting the achievement gap, in 2010 Arizona state legislators introduced and passed legislation with the intent of banning MAS or any similar curriculum in public schools. Raza Studies is a passionate defense of the program in the face of heated local and national attention. It recounts how one program dared to venture to a world of possibility, hope, and struggle, and offers compelling evidence of success for social justice education programs. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Young English Language Learners Eugene E. Garcia, Ellen C. Frede, 2019-07-05 It is well known that the number of non-English speakers is on the rise in the United States. What is less well known is that the largest proportion of this population is children under the age of 5. These young English language learners (ELLs) often demonstrate achievement gaps in basic math and reading skills when they start school. How best to educate this important and growing preschool population is a pressing concern for policymakers and practitioners. The chapters in this important book provide up-to-date syntheses of the research base for young ELLs on critical topics such as demographics, development of bilingualism, cognitive and neurological benefits of bilingualism, and family relationships, as well as classroom, assessment, and teacher-preparation practices. Contributors: Linda M. Espinosa, Margaret Freedson, Claudia Galindo, Fred Genesee, Donald J. Hernandez, José E. Náñez Sr., and Flora V. Rodríguez-Brown “This is a must-have for those who are working directly or indirectly with young English language learners.” —Olivia Saracho, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland |
| bilingual education in arizona: A History of Bilingual Education in the US Sarah C. K. Moore, 2021-03-24 This book traces a history of bilingual education in the US, unveiling the role of politics in policy development and implementation. It introduces readers to past systemic supports for creation of diverse bilingual educational programs and situates particular instances and phases of expansion and decline within related sociopolitical backdrops. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Ebonics J. David Ramirez, 2005-01-01 This collection of papers, comments, and documents traces the distant and recent history of the Ebonics debate in the USA. The book examines how, despite increasing access to public education over the past century, schools continue to impose language standards and expectations on children that methodically privileges some, while disadvantaging others. |
| bilingual education in arizona: The Miseducation of English Learners Grace P. McField, 2014-01-01 Sometimes you need to hear the story from the beginning. The Miseducation of English Learners examines the initial policy impact of Structured English Immersion (SEI), an English-only program mandated for English Learners (ELs) in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts in the United States. The book features analyses of: the legal context and parameters of SEI; research history on SEI; SEI language policy and policy implementation according to situated context; and the educational priorities and legal rights of ELs. The book examines the history of SEI in the educational research literature and as it has been interpreted in the context of the legal requirement for schools to take “appropriate action” to meet the needs of ELs following the historic Lau v. Nichols (1974) court decision. The Miseducation of English Learners also presents and considers the implementation of SEI in comparative contexts from various perspectives including teacher education, the classroom, and legal. In several of the chapters, SEI implementation is examined in concert with other factors that have effected the teaching and progress of ELs such as Senate Bill 2042 (2001) that overhauled the teacher education process in California, and the federal No Child Left Behind legislation (signed into law on January 8, 2002). Moreover, the book provides implications and recommendations for teaching, research, advocacy, and policy change. The Miseducation of English Learners addresses and invites the readers to consider the following key questions: • How “appropriate” is the mandated SEI program for ELs, both in substance and in the one-year duration as specified in the three voter-initiated propositions (Proposition 227, Proposition 203, and Question 2)? • What issues, themes, and patterns can be noted in the implementation of SEI in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts? • Why might the student outcomes not show the desired results in measures such as achievement test scores or dropout rates? • What necessary changes are called for in order to enhance (or in some cases supplant) the SEI programs and services in place for ELs? • Are ELs, parents, and other stakeholders able to thoughtfully select desired and optimal instructional programs, and participate meaningfully in the educational process of language minority students under the SEI mandates? |
| bilingual education in arizona: Language and Literacy Teaching for Indigenous Education Norbert Francis, Jon Allan Reyhner, 2002-01-01 Language and Literacy Teaching for Indigenous Education: A Bilingual Approach presents a proposal for the inclusion of indigenous languages in the classroom. Based on extensive research and field work by the authors in communities in the United States and Mexico, the book explores ways in which the cultural and linguistic resources of indigenous communities can enrich the language and literacy program. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Language Use in the Two-Way Classroom Renée DePalma, 2010-08-05 Based on an extended ethnographic study of a dual language (Spanish-English) Kindergarten, this book takes a critical look at children's linguistic (and non-linguistic) interactions and the ways that teaching design can help or hinder language development. With a focus on official “Spanish time”, it explores the particular challenges of supporting the minority language use as well as the teacher's strategies for doing so. In bilingual classrooms, teachers' goals include bilingualism as well as academic achievement for all. The children may share these interests, but have their own agendas as well. This book explores the linguistic and social interactions that may help, or hinder, these multiple and sometimes conflicting agendas. How can teachers design educational practice that takes into consideration broader forces of language hegemony as well as children's immediate interests? |
| bilingual education in arizona: The Coral Way Bilingual Program Maria R. Coady, 2019-11-04 This book introduces readers to the first publicly funded, two-way bilingual program in the United States, Coral Way Elementary School. It details the historical, social and political origins of the school; reviews the various discussions and conceptualization of the bilingual education program as a 50:50 model; and describes the training of the teachers and their work in designing curriculum for the bilingual students. Finally, it reviews whether the program was a success and outlines what lessons can be learned from the Coral Way Experiment for future bilingual programs. It is essential reading for all scholars of dual language education, for educational historians, for students of language policy and planning, and for teachers and educators who work in the context of dual language education in the US and worldwide. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Spanish as a Heritage Language in the United States Sara M. Beaudrie, Marta Fairclough, 2012-11-13 There is growing interest in heritage language learners—individuals who have a personal or familial connection to a nonmajority language. Spanish learners represent the largest segment of this population in the United States. In this comprehensive volume, experts offer an interdisciplinary overview of research on Spanish as a heritage language in the United States. They also address the central role of education within the field. Contributors offer a wealth of resources for teachers while proposing future directions for scholarship. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Bilingual and ESL Classrooms Carlos Julio Ovando, Virginia P. Collier, Mary Carol Combs, 2005-07 This classic text integrates theory and practice to provide comprehensive coverage of bilingual and ESL education. The text covers the foundations of bilingual and ESL education (who the students are, what the policies are and have been, the role and development of language and culture) and provides a strong focus on what the teacher needs to know in a bilingual classroom (such as instruction strategies, teaching in content areas, assessment, and working with students with special needs). Woven throughout the text are quotes from bilingual and ESL students and teachers that illuminate the bilingual/ESL learning and teaching experience. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Funds of Knowledge Norma Gonzalez, Luis C. Moll, Cathy Amanti, 2006-04-21 The concept of funds of knowledge is based on a simple premise: people are competent and have knowledge, and their life experiences have given them that knowledge. The claim in this book is that first-hand research experiences with families allow one to document this competence and knowledge, and that such engagement provides many possibilities for positive pedagogical actions. Drawing from both Vygotskian and neo-sociocultural perspectives in designing a methodology that views the everyday practices of language and action as constructing knowledge, the funds of knowledge approach facilitates a systematic and powerful way to represent communities in terms of the resources they possess and how to harness them for classroom teaching. This book accomplishes three objectives: It gives readers the basic methodology and techniques followed in the contributors' funds of knowledge research; it extends the boundaries of what these researchers have done; and it explores the applications to classroom practice that can result from teachers knowing the communities in which they work. In a time when national educational discourses focus on system reform and wholesale replicability across school sites, this book offers a counter-perspective stating that instruction must be linked to students' lives, and that details of effective pedagogy should be linked to local histories and community contexts. This approach should not be confused with parent participation programs, although that is often a fortuitous consequence of the work described. It is also not an attempt to teach parents how to do school although that could certainly be an outcome if the parents so desired. Instead, the funds of knowledge approach attempts to accomplish something that may be even more challenging: to alter the perceptions of working-class or poor communities by viewing their households primarily in terms of their strengths and resources, their defining pedagogical characteristics. Funds of Knowledge: Theorizing Practices in Households, Communities, and Classrooms is a critically important volume for all teachers and teachers-to-be, and for researchers and graduate students of language, culture, and education. |
| bilingual education in arizona: I Am My Language Norma Gonzalez, 2006-01-01 Explores language practices and discourse patterns of Mexican-origin mothers and the language socialization of their children. Drawing on women's own experiences as both mothers and borderland residents, the author combines personal odyssey with ethnographic research to show new ways to connect language to issues of education, political economy, and social identity. |
| bilingual education in arizona: The Education of Language Minority Immigrants in the United States Terrence Wiley, Jin Sook Lee, Russell W Rumberger, 2009-10-28 The Education of Language Minority Immigrants in the United States draws from quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to inform educational policy and practice. It is based on cutting-edge research and policy analyses from a number of well-known experts on immigrant language minority education in the USA. The collection includes contributions on the acquisition of English, language shift, the maintenance of heritage languages, prospects for long-term educational achievement, how family background, economic status, and gender and identity influence academic adjustment and achievement, challenges for appropriate language testing and placement, and examples of advocacy action research. It concludes with a thoughtful commentary aimed at broadening our understanding of the need to provide quality immigrant language minority education within the context of globalization. This collection will be of value to students and researchers interested in promoting educational equity and achievement for immigrant language minority students. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Profiles of Dual Language Education in the 21st Century M. Beatriz Arias, Molly Fee, 2018-09-14 In the last 20 years dual language education programs have increased in number and expanded in range. Whereas once they were predominantly focused at the elementary level, they now span from pre-K through to high school. This book examines the key attributes of successful dual language programs, as well as the challenges and opportunities involved in extending the dual language instructional model to pre-K and secondary settings. Chapter authors, who are themselves both researchers and practitioners, explore the latest research and policy implications for implementation of dual language in three different contexts; within a school, a dual language school and a dual language district. This book will be of interest to teachers, teacher educators, professional development specialists, policymakers, administrators, and researchers. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Bilingual Education in Elementary and Secondary School Communities Christian Faltis, Sarah Hudelson, 1998 The number of immigrant and minority students who are entering school with a language other than English is growing and will continue to do so in substantial proportions well into the next millennium. To succeed in school, many of these students will require teachers who have the ability and desire to 1) teach literacy and content in the students' native language, 2) to integrate language and content, 3) make schooling culturally relevant, and 4) take a stance against anti-bilingual forces in society and education. Written by two leaders in the field of bilingual education, this book focuses teachers toward the goal of building school communities. the authors believe bilingual education should be an integral part of school communities that all personnel should be involved in and responsible for. Topics include: the why and what of bilingual education, bilingual educational settings, bilingual education in elementary and secondary school settings, and much more. This book belongs in the hands of every school administrator and teacher looking to incorporate bilingual education into their school. |
| bilingual education in arizona: The Leader in Me Stephen R. Covey, 2012-12-11 Children in today's world are inundated with information about who to be, what to do and how to live. But what if there was a way to teach children how to manage priorities, focus on goals and be a positive influence on the world around them? The Leader in Meis that programme. It's based on a hugely successful initiative carried out at the A.B. Combs Elementary School in North Carolina. To hear the parents of A. B Combs talk about the school is to be amazed. In 1999, the school debuted a programme that taught The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Peopleto a pilot group of students. The parents reported an incredible change in their children, who blossomed under the programme. By the end of the following year the average end-of-grade scores had leapt from 84 to 94. This book will launch the message onto a much larger platform. Stephen R. Covey takes the 7 Habits, that have already changed the lives of millions of people, and shows how children can use them as they develop. Those habits -- be proactive, begin with the end in mind, put first things first, think win-win, seek to understand and then to be understood, synergize, and sharpen the saw -- are critical skills to learn at a young age and bring incredible results, proving that it's never too early to teach someone how to live well. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Writing in a Bilingual Program Carole Edelsky, 1986 A year-long study of the writing development of 27 first through third graders in an English/Spanish bilingual program was conducted during the 1980-81 school year. Samples of the children's writing were collected at four intervals, coded for computer tallying, and analyzed in terms of code-switching, spelling, punctuation and segmentation, structural features, stylistic devices, and content. Additionally, the context in which the writing developed was evaluated by classroom observations, teacher interviews, review of familial backgrounds, and a survey of the community language situation. Myths about bilingual language proficiency, biliteracy, bilingual education, teaching writing, and learning to write are all countered by evidence presented in this study. In a discussion of implications, the concept of a whole language approach to writing instruction is supported, in which authentic and functional texts are offered to and produced by children. Examples of the children's writing with appropriate translations are given along with various tables. Informal follow-up information is presented in three epilogues dealing with changes in the researcher's commitment to the study's original writing theories, the writing of some students a year after the study; and a chronological outline of the demise of the bilingual program used in the study. Appendices list interview questions used for teachers and aides and categories for coding the writing data. This book contains 134 references. (ALL) |
| bilingual education in arizona: Bilingual Education Reform United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and the Workforce. Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth, and Families, 1998 The purpose of this hearing was to obtain the input of California citizens on federal legislation similar to 1998's California Bilingual Education ballot initiative. Present were Representatives Frank Riggs (chair), Bobby Scott, Randy Cunningham, Bob Filner, and Brian Bilbray. Offering testimony generally in support of bilingual education, or at least the option of it, were Dr. Eugene Garcia, Dean of the Graduate School of Education at the University of California at Berkeley; and Celia Ruiz, an attorney representing four California school districts. Dr. Garcia based his support for bilingual education on the conclusions of a number of government and academic studies showing overall positive effects of bilingual education. Ms. Ruiz focused her testimony not on the merits or drawbacks of bilingual education but on a defense of the legal process that federal law has created to allow school districts to choose from a range of educational options, from English immersion to long-term bilingual education programs. Cathy Liska, a teacher from Anaheim, California, and George S. Louie, a parent of a child placed in a bilingual education setting from Oakland, California, spoke against bilingual education. Mr. Louie's child had very negative experiences. Ms. Liska's experience as an elementary school teacher with first-hand classroom experience of bilingual education has convinced her it does not serve limited-English-speaking students well and should be ended. (KFT) |
| bilingual education in arizona: Multilingualism for All T. Skutnabb-Kangas, 1995-01-01 This text offers a synthesis of what is known about the principles that must be followed by education designed to lead to multilingualism. It combines research with practical implications and makes international comparisons in order to arrive at possible (generalizable) universal principles. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Learn in Beauty Jon Allan Reyhner, 2000 This volume compiles 11 papers indicative of the new directions that indigenous education is taking in North America. Three sections focus on language, culture, and teaching; indigenous perspectives on indigenous education; and issues surrounding teaching methods. The papers are: (1) Teaching Dine Language and Culture in Navajo Schools: Voices from the Community (Ann Batchelder); (2) Language Revitalization in Navajo/English Dual Language Classrooms (Mary Ann Goodluck, Louise Lockard, Darlene Yazzie); (3) Racing against Time: A Report on the Leupp Navajo Immersion Project (Michael Fillerup); (4) Community-Based Native Teacher Education Programs (Connie Heimbecker, Sam Minner, Greg Prater); (5) Measuring Language Dominance and Bilingual Proficiency Development of Tarahumara Children (Carla Paciotto); (6) Post-Colonial Recovering and Healing (Angelina Weenie); (7) Observations on Response towards Indigenous Cultural Perspectives as Paradigms in the Classroom (Stephen Greymorning); (8) Visual Metaphor, Cultural Knowledge, and the New Rhetoric (Robert N. St. Clair); (9) An Examination of Western Influences on Indigenous Language Teaching (J. Dean Mellow); (10) Teaching English to American Indians (Jon Reyhner); and (11) Charter Schools for American Indians (Brian Bielenberg). (Contains references in each paper and contributor profiles.) (SV) |
| bilingual education in arizona: Condemned Without a Trial Stephen D. Krashen, 1999 Here is a timely and important book for anyone concerned about the future of bilingual education in America. Written by Stephen Krashen, the nation's foremost expert on second language acquisition, it disproves many of the false assumptions and outright distortions that led to the passage of Proposition 227 in California. Now, as some of those same arguments proliferate in other states, Krashen explains the bases for five of these key beliefs, and proves-step-by-step-why they are wrong: Bilingual education is responsible for the high Hispanic dropout rate. In fact, studies show reduced and even no difference in dropout rates when background factors are controlled. Most immigrants succeeded without bilingual education. Krashen argues that many immigrants arrived here having had a de facto bilingual education in their countries of origin; and that until the last half of this century, economic success was not so strongly dependent on school success. The United States is the only nation that has bilingual education. There is ample evidence of bilingual programs not only existing, but also succeeding in countries like Norway and the Netherlands. Bilingual education failed in California. The author explores flaws in the methods of various studies and counters with other reasons why bilingual education students may not thriveNincluding widespread poverty and lack of reading materials. The public is against bilingual education. This argument, propagated by the media, proves false when one examines the biased language used in survey after survey. In its careful delineation of the real issues, Condemned Without a Trial gives educators, administrators, parents, and voters the essential understanding-and evidence-they have heretofore been denied. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Teaching the Indian Child Jon Allan Reyhner, 1986 |
| bilingual education in arizona: Levi's & Lace Jan Cleere, 2011 Stories of extraordinary women who shaped Arizona. |
| bilingual education in arizona: Leveled Books (K-8) Irene C. Fountas, Gay Su Pinnell, 2006 For ten years and in two classic books, Irene Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell have described how to analyze the characteristics of texts and select just-right books to use for guided reading instruction. Now, for the first time, all of their thinking and research has been updated and brought together into Leveled Books, K-8 to form the ultimate guide to choosing and using books from kindergarten through middle school. Fountas and Pinnell take you through every aspect of leveled books, describing how to select and use them for different purposes in your literacy program and offering prototype descriptions of fiction and nonfiction books at each level. They share advice on: the role of leveled books in reading instruction, analyzing the characteristics of fiction and nonfiction texts, using benchmark books to assess instructional levels for guided reading, selecting books for both guided and independent reading, organizing high-quality classroom libraries, acquiring books and writing proposals to fund classroom-library purchases, creating a school book room. In addition, Fountas and Pinnell explain the leveling process in detail so that you can tentatively level any appropriate book that you want to use in your instruction. Best of all, Leveled Books, K-8 is one half of a new duo of resources that will change how you look at leveled books. Its companion-www.FountasandPinnellLeveledBooks.com-is a searchable and frequently updated website that includes more than 18,000 titles. With Leveled Books, K-8 you'll know how and why to choose books for your readers, and with www.FountasandPinnellLeveledBooks.com, you'll have the ideal tool at your fingertips for finding appropriate books for guided reading. Book jacket. |
| bilingual education in arizona: The Allure of Order Jal Mehta, 2015 In The Allure of Order, Mehta recounts a century of attempts at revitalizing public education, and puts forward a truly new agenda to reach this elusive goal. Over and over again, outsiders have been fascinated by the promise of scientific management and have attempted to apply principles of rational administration from above. What we want, Mehta argues, is the opposite approach which characterizes top-performing educational nations: attract strong candidates into teaching, develop relevant and usable knowledge, train teachers extensively in that knowledge, and support these efforts through a strong welfare state. |
| bilingual education in arizona: How to Keep Your Language Alive Leanne Hinton, Matt Vera, Nancy Steele, 2002 Do you want to learn the language of your ancestors? Do you want to help save an endangered language? Do you know someone who speaks another language and could help you learn it? If the answer to any or all of these questions is yes, this book can help. Amidst an epidemic of worldwide language loss, author Leanne Hinton and a group of dedicated language activists have created a master-apprentice program, a one-on-one approach to ensure that new speakers will take the place of those who are fluent in the world's languages. The Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program originated among the indigenous tribes of California, but this is a manual for students of all languages, from Yurok to Yiddish, Washoe to Welsh. Here is a simple, structured series of exercises and activities designed to help you take advantage of the language-learning skills shared by all humans, along with advice to students and their mentors about how to succeed.--From publisher description. |
BILINGUAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of BILINGUAL is having or expressed in two languages. How to use bilingual in a sentence.
BILINGUAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BILINGUAL definition: 1. able to use two languages equally well: 2. (of a group or place) using two languages as main…. Learn more.
What Is a Bilingual and What Are Different Types of Bilingualism?
Mar 21, 2023 · Generally, a bilingual is someone who uses 2 languages and multilingual is someone who uses 2 or more languages. There's also evidence that your brain treats multiple …
What Does It Mean To Be Bilingual? - Babbel.com
May 17, 2023 · It might seem like being bilingual is a simple idea: it’s just someone who speaks two different languages. Yet what it really means to be bilingual culturally and psychologically …
Bilingualism | Language Acquisition, Cognitive Benefits
bilingualism, Ability to speak two languages. It may be acquired early by children in regions where most adults speak two languages (e.g., French and dialectal German in Alsace).
BILINGUAL definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
3 meanings: 1. able to speak two languages, esp with fluency 2. written or expressed in two languages 3. a bilingual person.... Click for more definitions.
What Does Bilingual Mean & When Can Someone be called Bilingual?
Jun 4, 2017 · When you look at what it means to be bilingual, different people have different ideas on how fluent someone needs to be in the two languages they speak, to actually be …
What Is Bilingualism? - Raising Language Learners
Dec 28, 2024 · Bilingualism is the ability to speak and understand two languages proficiently. Millions of people worldwide possess this skill, reflecting diverse linguistic and cultural …
Bilingual - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
Bilingual is an adjective that describes a person or community that speaks two languages. A bilingual woman might speak Spanish and English, and a part of town where people speak …
Bilingual - definition of bilingual by The Free Dictionary
Using two languages in some proportion in order to facilitate learning by students who have a native proficiency in one language and are acquiring proficiency in the other: bilingual training; …
BILINGUAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of BILINGUAL is having or expressed in two languages. How to use bilingual in a sentence.
BILINGUAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
BILINGUAL definition: 1. able to use two languages equally well: 2. (of a group or place) using two languages as …
What Is a Bilingual and What Are Different Types of Bilingu…
Mar 21, 2023 · Generally, a bilingual is someone who uses 2 languages and multilingual is someone who uses 2 or more languages. There's also evidence that your brain treats multiple …
What Does It Mean To Be Bilingual? - Babbel.com
May 17, 2023 · It might seem like being bilingual is a simple idea: it’s just someone who speaks two different languages. Yet what it really means to be bilingual culturally and …
Bilingualism | Language Acquisition, Cognitive Benefit…
bilingualism, Ability to speak two languages. It may be acquired early by children in regions where most adults speak two languages (e.g., French and dialectal German in Alsace).
