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Aerosol Science and Technology: Shaping Industries and Influencing Our World
By Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD
Dr. Anya Sharma is a leading researcher in aerosol science and technology with over 15 years of experience at the National Institute for Environmental Studies. Her expertise lies in the application of aerosol science to air quality management and atmospheric chemistry. She has published extensively in peer-reviewed journals and holds several patents in the field.
Published by: Springer Nature, a leading global scientific publisher known for its high-impact journals and commitment to rigorous peer review.
Edited by: Dr. David Miller, a renowned expert in environmental engineering with over 20 years of experience editing scientific publications and journals focused on atmospheric science and environmental technology.
Introduction:
Aerosol science and technology is a multidisciplinary field encompassing the generation, characterization, behavior, and applications of aerosols. These tiny particles, suspended in gases, exert a profound influence on various aspects of our lives, from the environment and human health to industrial processes and technological advancements. This article delves into the core principles of aerosol science and technology and explores its wide-ranging implications across numerous industries.
Understanding Aerosols: Size Matters
Aerosols, by definition, are a mixture of fine solid or liquid particles suspended in a gas. Their size, ranging from nanometers to micrometers, dictates their properties and behavior. Aerosol science and technology focuses on understanding this size-dependent behavior, including particle generation mechanisms (e.g., atomization, nebulization), particle transport and deposition, and particle-particle and particle-surface interactions. Advanced techniques like laser diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy are employed to characterize aerosol size distributions and physical-chemical properties.
The Crucial Role of Aerosol Science and Technology in Various Industries:
The applications of aerosol science and technology are vast and continue to expand. Here are some key industrial sectors where it plays a crucial role:
1. Pharmaceuticals: Aerosol drug delivery systems have revolutionized healthcare, providing efficient and convenient administration of medications for respiratory ailments like asthma and COPD. Aerosol science and technology is essential in optimizing particle size and distribution for optimal lung deposition and minimizing unwanted side effects. The development of new inhalers and dry powder formulations relies heavily on a deep understanding of aerosol physics and engineering.
2. Agriculture: Aerosol technology is used extensively in agriculture for pesticide and herbicide application. Optimizing droplet size and distribution ensures efficient coverage and reduces environmental impact by minimizing drift and runoff. Aerosol science principles are crucial for developing more effective and environmentally friendly spraying techniques.
3. Food Industry: Aerosols are employed in food processing for applications such as spray drying, coating, and freezing. Understanding aerosol behavior ensures consistent product quality and efficient processing. Controlled aerosol generation is vital for maintaining food safety and extending shelf life.
4. Coatings and Painting: Aerosol spray painting is a widely used technique in various industries, from automotive manufacturing to furniture production. Aerosol science principles are applied to optimize coating efficiency, uniformity, and adhesion. Research in this area focuses on developing environmentally friendly solvents and reducing overspray.
5. Electronics and Nanotechnology: Aerosol deposition techniques are employed in the fabrication of electronic components and nanomaterials. Controlled aerosol generation allows for precise deposition of thin films and coatings with desired properties. Aerosol science and technology is instrumental in advancing nanotechnology applications.
6. Air Quality Management: Aerosol science is crucial in understanding and mitigating air pollution. The characterization and modeling of atmospheric aerosols help scientists assess their impact on human health and the environment. Development of effective air pollution control strategies relies heavily on aerosol science and technology.
7. Fire Suppression: Aerosol fire suppression systems use finely dispersed particles to extinguish fires. The effectiveness of these systems relies on the properties and behavior of the aerosol particles in suppressing combustion. Ongoing research aims to develop more efficient and environmentally friendly fire suppression aerosols.
Advanced Techniques in Aerosol Science and Technology:
Recent advancements in aerosol science and technology include:
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): CFD modeling enables the simulation of aerosol behavior in various environments, improving the design and optimization of aerosol systems.
In-situ Measurements: Advanced instrumentation allows for real-time measurements of aerosol properties, providing valuable insights into aerosol dynamics.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: These technologies are being increasingly integrated into aerosol science to enhance data analysis, model development, and predictive capabilities.
Conclusion:
Aerosol science and technology plays a pivotal role in numerous industries, driving innovation and improving efficiency. From healthcare to environmental protection, its applications are vast and continually evolving. The development of advanced techniques and computational tools promises further advancements in this crucial field, leading to improved products, processes, and environmental outcomes. The ongoing exploration of aerosol dynamics and its impacts on various systems will undoubtedly continue to shape our future.
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between a mist and an aerosol? A mist consists of larger liquid droplets, while an aerosol can comprise both liquid and solid particles, typically much smaller.
2. What are the health effects of inhaling aerosols? The health effects depend heavily on the composition and size of the aerosol particles. Some can cause respiratory irritation, while others may have more severe consequences.
3. How are aerosols used in climate change research? Aerosols play a significant role in climate change, influencing cloud formation and radiative forcing. Research focuses on quantifying their effects on climate.
4. What are some emerging applications of aerosol science and technology? Emerging applications include targeted drug delivery, advanced materials synthesis, and air purification technologies.
5. What are the environmental concerns associated with aerosols? Some aerosols contribute to air pollution and acid rain, while others can damage the ozone layer.
6. How is aerosol science used in industrial hygiene? It's vital in assessing workplace exposure to harmful aerosols and developing control strategies.
7. What are the ethical considerations in the use of aerosols? Ethical considerations involve ensuring responsible use of aerosols to minimize potential harm to human health and the environment.
8. What are some career opportunities in aerosol science and technology? Opportunities exist in research, development, manufacturing, and regulatory bodies.
9. Where can I find more information on aerosol science and technology? Numerous journals, books, and online resources provide in-depth information.
Related Articles:
1. Aerosol Deposition Techniques in Microelectronics Manufacturing: A review of various aerosol deposition methods used in the fabrication of microelectronic components.
2. The Role of Aerosols in Air Pollution and Human Health: A comprehensive overview of the health impacts of atmospheric aerosols.
3. Advances in Aerosol Drug Delivery Systems: A discussion of recent advancements in inhaler technology and drug formulation.
4. Environmental Impact of Aerosol Pesticides and Herbicides: An assessment of the ecological effects of agricultural aerosol applications.
5. Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Aerosol Transport: A review of CFD techniques used in aerosol simulations.
6. Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols using Advanced Instrumentation: A description of advanced techniques used for aerosol characterization.
7. Aerosol Science and Technology in Nanotechnology: A detailed exploration of aerosol applications in nanomaterials synthesis and manipulation.
8. Aerosol Fire Suppression Systems: Design and Optimization: An analysis of the design and performance of aerosol fire suppression systems.
9. Regulatory Aspects of Aerosol Products: A review of the regulations governing the manufacturing and use of aerosol products.
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosols Igor Agranovski, 2011-05-16 This self-contained handbook and ready reference examines aerosol science and technology in depth, providing a detailed insight into this progressive field. As such, it covers fundamental concepts, experimental methods, and a wide variety of applications, ranging from aerosol filtration to biological aerosols, and from the synthesis of carbon nanotubes to aerosol reactors. Written by a host of internationally renowned experts in the field, this is an essential resource for chemists and engineers in the chemical and materials disciplines across multiple industries, as well as ideal supplementary reading in graduate level courses. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Science and Technology David S. Ensor, 2011-10-06 Aerosol Science and Technology: History and Reviews captures an exciting slice of history in the evolution of aerosol science. It presents in-depth biographies of four leading international aerosol researchers and highlights pivotal research institutions in New York, Minnesota, and Austria. One collection of chapters reflects on the legacy of the Pasadena smog experiment, while another presents a fascinating overview of military applications and nuclear aerosols. Finally, prominent researchers offer detailed reviews of aerosol measurement, processes, experiments, and technology that changed the face of aerosol science. This volume is the third in a series and is supported by the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) History Working Group, whose goal is to produce archival books from its symposiums on the history of aerosol science to ensure a lasting record. It is based on papers presented at the Third Aerosol History Symposium on September 8 and 9, 2006, in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Science and Technology Parker C. Reist, 1993 |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Science Ian Colbeck, Mihalis Lazaridis, 2014-02-03 AEROSOL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Aerosols influence many areas of our daily life. They are at the core of environmental problems such as global warming, photochemical smog and poor air quality. They can also have diverse effects on human health, where exposure occurs in both outdoor and indoor environments. However, aerosols can have beneficial effects too; the delivery of drugs to the lungs, the delivery of fuels for combustion and the production of nanomaterials all rely on aerosols. Advances in particle measurement technologies have made it possible to take advantage of rapid changes in both particle size and concentration. Likewise, aerosols can now be produced in a controlled fashion. Reviewing many technological applications together with the current scientific status of aerosol modelling and measurements, this book includes: Satellite aerosol remote sensing The effects of aerosols on climate change Air pollution and health Pharmaceutical aerosols and pulmonary drug delivery Bioaerosols and hospital infections Particle emissions from vehicles The safety of emerging nanomaterials Radioactive aerosols: tracers of atmospheric processes With the importance of this topic brought to the public's attention after the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, this book provides a timely, concise and accessible overview of the many facets of aerosol science. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Technology William C. Hinds, 2012-12-06 The #1 guide to aerosol science and technology -now better than ever Since 1982, Aerosol Technology has been the text of choice among students and professionals who need to acquire a thorough working knowledge of modern aerosol theory and applications. Now revised to reflect the considerable advances that have been made over the past seventeen years across a broad spectrum of aerosol-related application areas - from occupational hygiene and biomedical technology to microelectronics and pollution control -this new edition includes: * A chapter on bioaerosols * New sections on resuspension, transport losses, respiratory deposition models, and fractal characterization of particles * Expanded coverage of atmospheric aerosols, including background aerosols and urban aerosols * A section on the impact of aerosols on global warming and ozone depletion. Aerosol Technology, Second Edition also features dozens of new, fully worked examples drawn from a wide range of industrial and research settings, plus new chapter-end practice problems to help readers master the material quickly. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Science and Technology Parker C. Reist, 1993 |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Science Ian Colbeck, Mihalis Lazaridis, 2014-01-30 AEROSOL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Aerosols influence many areas of our daily life. They are at the core of environmental problems such as global warming, photochemical smog and poor air quality. They can also have diverse effects on human health, where exposure occurs in both outdoor and indoor environments. However, aerosols can have beneficial effects too; the delivery of drugs to the lungs, the delivery of fuels for combustion and the production of nanomaterials all rely on aerosols. Advances in particle measurement technologies have made it possible to take advantage of rapid changes in both particle size and concentration. Likewise, aerosols can now be produced in a controlled fashion. Reviewing many technological applications together with the current scientific status of aerosol modelling and measurements, this book includes: Satellite aerosol remote sensing The effects of aerosols on climate change Air pollution and health Pharmaceutical aerosols and pulmonary drug delivery Bioaerosols and hospital infections Particle emissions from vehicles The safety of emerging nanomaterials Radioactive aerosols: tracers of atmospheric processes With the importance of this topic brought to the public's attention after the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull, this book provides a timely, concise and accessible overview of the many facets of aerosol science. |
| aerosol science and technology: Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols Kvetoslav R. Spurny, 2017-11-22 Until the 1980s, researchers studied and measured only the physical properties of aerosols. Since the 80s, however, interest in the physicochemcal properties of aerosols has grown tremendously. Scientists in environmental hygiene, medicine, and toxicology have recognized the importance held by the chemical composition and properties of aerosols and the interactions of inhaled, bad aerosols. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of modern aerosol analytical methods, sampling and separation procedures, and environmental applications, and offers critical reviews of the latest literature. This important field has developed rapidly in the last 15 years, but until now, no book effectively summarized or analyzed the existing research. Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols reviews procedures, techniques, and trends in the measurement and analysis of atmospheric aerosols. With contributions from acknowledged, international experts, the book discusses various methods of bulk analysis, single particle analysis, and the analysis of special aerosol systems, including fibrous and bacterial aerosols. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Science and Technology David Ensor, 2011 |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Measurement Pramod Kulkarni, Paul A. Baron, Klaus Willeke, 2011-07-12 Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods. Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications. This new edition is updated to address new and developing applications of aerosol measurement, including applications in environmental health, atmospheric science, climate change, air pollution, public health, nanotechnology, particle and powder technology, pharmaceutical research and development, clean room technology (integrated circuit manufacture), and nuclear waste management. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosols, an Industrial and Environmental Science George M. Hidy, 1984 Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine. |
| aerosol science and technology: Inhaled Particles Chiu-sen Wang, 2005-01-20 Inhaled Particles integrates all that is known about inhaled particles in a unified treatment. It aims to provide a scientific framework essential to a reasonable understanding of inhaled particles. The emphasis is placed on demonstrating the key roles of lung morphology on airflow and particle transport as well as identifying physical and biological factors that influence deposition. Special attention is paid to maintaining consistency of treatment and a balance between theoretical modeling and experimental measurements. The book covers all important aspects of inhaled particles including inhalability, aerosol dispersion, particle deposition, and clearance. It reviews concisely the basic background of lung morphology, respiratory physiology, aerodynamics, and aerosol science pertinent to the subject. Essential aspects of health effects and applications are also included. An easy-to-read, self contained introduction to the field An excellent source of updated research information Useful for students and professionals in aerosol science, environmental health science, occupational hygiene, health physics and biomedical engineering |
| aerosol science and technology: Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, Second Edition Anthony J. Hickey, 2003-09-03 This thoroughly revised and expanded reference provides authoritative discussions on the physiologic, pharmacologic, metabolic, molecular, cellular and physicochemical factors, influencing the efficacy and utilization of pharmaceutical aerosol. It analyzes the latest science and developments in the generation, administration and characterization of these compounds, showcasing current clinical applications, the efficiency and limitations of major aerosol products and emerging aerosol therapies impacting the field. |
| aerosol science and technology: Physical and Chemical Properties of Aerosols Ian Colbeck, 1998 An aerosol is a suspension of fine particles in a gas, usually air, and is generally taken to include both solid and liquid particles with dimensions ranging from a few nanometres up to around 100 micrometres in diameter. Aerosol sicence is the study of the physics and chemistry of aerosol behaviour and this includes techniques of generating particles of nanometre and micrometre dimensions: size classification and measurement, transport and deposition properties: chemical properties of aerosols in the atmosphere and in industry, as well as health effects from inhalation and industrial gas cleaning technology. Aerosols have important commercial implications, e.g. pressure-packaged `aerosol' products, agricultural sprays, atmospheric visibility and high technology materials and knowledge of aerosol properties is important in a wide range of disciplines, including industrial hygiene, air pollution, medicine, agriculture, meteorology and geochemistry. Written by an international team of contributors, this book forms a timely, concise and accessible overview of aerosol science and technology. Chemists, technologists and engineers new to aerosol science will find this book an essential companion in their studies of the subject. Those more familiar with aerosols will use it as an essential source of reference. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Science Michael Maurice Rudolph Williams, S. K. Loyalka, 1991 The subject of aerosols goes back many years and enters many aspects of science and technology. Optics, heat-transfer, biology, meteorology and pollution are just a few areas where the behaviour of small particles suspended in a gas is of vital importance. More recently, with increasing concern about the consequences of accidents in nuclear reactors and the effect of global nuclear war (i.e., the nuclear winter) a great deal of work has been directed towards the dispersal of radioactive aerosols in closed containers and in the atmosphere. The purpose of the book is twofold: to give a thorough treatment of the fundamentals of aerosol behaviour with rigorous proofs and detailed derivations of the basic equations and removal mechanisms and also to give practical examples with special attention to radioactive particles and their distribution in size following a release arising from an accident with a nuclear system. This book will be useful both as a course text and as a reference source. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Technology In Hazard Evaluation Thomas Mercer, 2012-12-02 Aerosol Technology in Hazard Evaluation is the fifth in the series of books on the subject of aerosol technology. This series is organized into nine chapters that cover the properties, sampling, and respirable activity of aerosol. After briefly describing the nature of an inhalation hazard, the book examines the properties, measurement, and significance of geometric diameters of aerosols, as well as the shape factors relating them to various particulate properties. The mathematical description of size distributions and the statistics of sampling from a lognormal distribution of particle sizes are provided. Considerable chapters deal with the methods of aerosol concentration measurement and geometric and aerodynamic size sampling. Operating characteristics of respirable aerosol activity samplers and their limitations are also examined. The concluding chapter discusses problems in the production, flow measurement, apparatus calibration, and isokinetic sampling of aerosols. This series will provide a convenient source of information to those concerned in industrial hygiene and will stimulate the interest of those involved in all phases of environmental health. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Chemical Processes in the Environment Kvetoslav R. Spurny, 2000-03-23 A compilation of the most important aerosol chemical processes involved in known scientific and technological disciplines, Aerosol Chemical Processes in the Environment serves as a handbook for aerosol chemistry. Aerosol science is interdisciplinary, interfacing with many environmental, biological and technological research fields. Aerosols and aerosol research play an important role in both basic and applied scientific and technological fields. Interdisciplinary cooperation is useful and necessary. Aerosol Chemical Processes in the Environment uses several examples to show the impact of aerosol chemistry in several different fields, mainly in basic and atmospheric research. The book describes the most important chemical processes involved in the various scientific and technological disciplines. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Processing of Materials Toivo T. Kodas, Mark J. Hampden-Smith, 1999 Aerosol Processing of Materials offers a comprehensive look at advanced materials processing by aerosol methods. This self-contained volume examines in-depth what it takes to generate powders and films with specialized characteristics using gas-phase processes. In three main parts, it addresses particle formation by intraparticle reaction, particle formation by gas-to-particle conversion, and film formation. All aspects of these subjects are considered, from the basic principles and chemistry of aerosols to processing methods and the characterization of materials. The text incorporates an impressive array of examples involving materials such as metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides for application in pigments, ceramics superconductors, electronics, sensors, glass coatings, semiconductors, optical materials, and thick films. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosols and Climate Ken S. Carslaw, 2022-08-19 The ever-diversifying field of aerosol effects on climate is comprehensively presented here, describing the strong connection between fundamental research and model applications in a way that will allow both experienced researchers and those new to the field to gain an understanding of a wide range of topics. The material is consistently presented at three levels for each topic: (i) an accessible quick read of the essentials, (ii) a more detailed description, and (iii) a section dedicated to how the processes are handled in models. The modelling section in each chapter summarizes the current level of knowledge and what the gaps in this understanding mean for the effects of aerosols on climate, enabling readers to quickly understand how new research fits into established knowledge. Definitions, case studies, reference data, and examples are included throughout. Aerosols and Climate is a vital resource for graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, senior researchers, and lecturers in departments of atmospheric science, meteorology, engineering, and environment. It will also be of interest to those working in operational centers and policy-facing organizations, providing strong reference material on the current state of knowledge. - Includes a section in each chapter that focuses on the treatment of relevant aerosol processes in climate models - Provides clear exposition of the challenges in understanding and reducing persistent gaps in knowledge and uncertainties in the field of aerosol-climate interaction, going beyond the fundamentals and existing knowledge - Authored by experts in modeling and aerosol processes, analysis or observations to ensure accessibility and balance |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Filtration Dominique Thomas, Augustin Charvet, Nathalie Bardin-Monnier, Jean-Christophe Appert-Collin, 2016-11-30 Filtration of aerosols is omnipresent in our daily lives, in areas as diverse as health, the protection of people and the environment, and air treatment inside buildings. However, the collection of particles within a filter media is not, contrary to popular belief, linked to a simple screen effect. The phenomena involved are much more complex and require the consideration of aerosol interactions, filter media and process conditions to select the best fiber filter for a given application. Aerosol Filtration, book for students, hygiene or process engineers, fibrous media manufacturers, designers, and filtration system suppliers or users addresses the filtration of aerosols in six chapters. These chapters cover physics and aerosol characterization, the fibrous media, and efficiency and filter clogging by solid or liquid aerosols, with special attention to the filtration of the nanoparticles. - Analyses the behavior of fibrous media against solid and liquid aerosols - Presents models of efficiency and pressure drop - Introduces computing elements for estimating the lifetime of filters - Provides guidance for designing filters and predicting their behavior over time |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions Peter V. Hobbs, 1993-07-22 Aerosol and clouds play important roles in determining the earth's climate, in ways that we are only beginning to comprehend. In conjunction with molecular scattering from gases, aerosol and clouds determine in part what fraction of solar radiation reaches the earth's surface, and what fraction of the longwave radiation from the earth escapes to space. This book provides an overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosol and clouds and their effects on global climate. Subjects reviewed include the direct and indirect effects of aerosol on climate, the radiative properties of clouds and their effects on the Earth's radiation balance, the incorporation of cloud effects in numerical weather prediction models, and stratospheric aerosol and clouds. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosol Science Charles Norman Davies, 1966 Composite work comprising a textbook on branches of aerosol science - covers theoretical and technical aspects of the generation, measurement and use of aerosols. References. |
| aerosol science and technology: Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques Paul H. Gamache, 2017-05-30 The first book devoted exclusively to a highly popular, relatively new detection technique Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques presents a comprehensive review of CAD theory, describes its advantages and limitations, and offers extremely well-informed recommendations for its practical use. Using numerous real-world examples based on contributors’ professional experiences, it provides priceless insights into the actual and potential applications of CAD across a wide range of industries. Charged aerosol detection can be combined with a variety of separation techniques and in numerous configurations. While it has been widely adapted for an array of industrial and research applications with great success, it is still a relatively new technique, and its fundamental performance characteristics are not yet fully understood. This book is intended as a tool for scientists seeking to identify the most effective and efficient uses of charged aerosol detection for a given application. Moving naturally from basic to advanced topics, the author relates fundamental principles, practical uses, and applications across a range of industrial settings, including pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, biotech, and more. Offers timely, authoritative coverage of the theory, experimental techniques, and end-user applications of charged aerosol detection Includes contributions from experts from various fields of applications who explore CAD’s advantages over traditional HPLC techniques, as well its limitations Provides a current theoretical and practical understanding of CAD, derived from authorities on aerosol technology and separation sciences Features numerous real-world examples that help relate fundamental properties and general operational variables of CAD to its performance in a variety of conditions Charged Aerosol Detection for Liquid Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques is a valuable resource for scientists who use chromatographic techniques in academic research and across an array of industrial settings, including the biopharmaceutical, biotechnology, biofuel, chemical, environmental, and food and beverage industries, among others. |
| aerosol science and technology: Sea Salt Aerosol Production Ernie R. Lewis, Stephen E. Schwartz, 2004-01-09 Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 152. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) exerts a major influence over a broad reach of geophysics. It is important to the physics and chemistry of the marine atmosphere and to marine geochemistry and biogeochemistry generally. It affects visibility, remote sensing, atmospheric chemistry, and air quality. Sea salt aerosol particles interact with other atmospheric gaseous and aerosol constituents by acting as sinks for condensable gases and suppressing new particle formation, thus influencing the size distribution of these other aerosols and more broadly influencing the geochemical cycles of substances with which they interact. As the key aerosol constituent over much of Earth's surface at present, and all the more so in pre-industrial times, SSA is central to description of Earth's aerosol burden. |
| aerosol science and technology: Radioactive Aerosols Constantin Papastefanou, 2011-07-28 Whenever radioactivity is released to the atmosphere, for example by the detonation of nuclear weapons or the testing of nuclear weapons or from nuclear reactor accidents that fraction of it which remains airborne for more than a few hours is liable to be attached to aerosol particles. The resulting radioactive aerosols are carried by atmospheric mixing processes until they settle out or are scavenged by precipitation. The radiation exposure pathway of maximum concern to humans is by inhalation of aerosols and their deposition in the respiratory tract. In this context, it is important to note that radioactive aerosols are commonly of natural origin alos. In particular, the associated radionuclides can be of natural terrestrial origin, such as the decay products of radon gas, or they can e cosmogenic, such as beryllium-7. The exposure of miners of uranium and other ores and minerals to radon and its aerosol-borne decay products is of major significance. The book describes the formation of aerosols, their aerodynamic size distribution, their atmospheric residence time, their sampling and measurement, the range of radioactive aerosols found and studied thus far, including man-made nuclides and radon decay products and their interaction with man, including deposition in the lung and subsequent health effects. - Advanced level science handbook for researchers, scientists and academics - Covers all aspects of radiation exposure in humans, including subsequent health implications - Presents the latest findings and analysis in this highly topical area |
| aerosol science and technology: Microbiology of Aerosols Anne-Marie Delort, Pierre Amato, 2017-11-13 An introduction to the microbiology of bioaerosols and their impact on the world in which we live The microbiology of aerosols is an emerging field of research that lies at the interface of a variety of scientific and health-related disciplines. This eye-opening book synthesizes the current knowledge about microorganisms—bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses—that are aloft in the atmosphere. The book is written collaboratively by an interdisciplinary and international panel of experts and carefully edited to provide a high-level overview of the emerging field of aerobiology. Four sections within Microbiology of Aerosols present the classical and online methods used for sampling and characterizing airborne microorganisms, their emission sources and short- to long-distance dispersal, their influence on atmospheric processes and clouds, and their consequences for human health and agro-ecosystems. Practical considerations are also discussed, including sampling techniques, an overview of the quantification and characterization of bioaerosols, transport of bioaerosols, and a summary of ongoing research opportunities in the field. Comprehensive in scope, the book: Explores this new field that is applicable to many disparate disciplines Covers the emission of bioaerosols to their deposit, covering both quantitative and qualitative aspects Provides insights into social and environmental effects of the presence of bioaerosols in the atmosphere Details the impact of bioaerosols on human health, animal and plant health, and on physical and chemical atmospheric processes Written by authors internationally recognized for their work on biological aerosols and originating from a variety of scientific fields collaborated on, Microbiology of Aerosols is an excellent resource for researchers and graduate or PhD students interested in atmospheric sciences or microbiology. |
| aerosol science and technology: The Fundamentals of Aerosol Dynamics C. S. Wen, 1996 During the past 30 years, there have been advances in the understanding of multi-particle hydrodynamic interactions in the field of aerosol dynamics. Aerosol dynamics is developing from isolated-particle stage into multi-particle stage. This book reviews these progresses, and the subjects it covers include sedimentation, coagulation, mass or heat transfer, effective viscosity, and the evolution of the size distribution. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosols Pratim Biswas, Gregory Yablonsky, 2022-07-18 Aerosol science and engineering is a vibrant field of particle technology and chemical reaction engineering. The book presents a timely account of this interdisciplinary topic and its various application areas. It will be of interest to scientists or engineers active in aerosol physics, aerosol or colloid chemistry, atmospheric processes, and chemical, mechanical, environmental and/or materials engineering. |
| aerosol science and technology: Climate Intervention National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts, 2015-06-23 The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a last-ditch response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them. |
| aerosol science and technology: Recent Advances in Adhesion Science and Technology in Honor of Dr. Kash Mittal Wojciech (Voytek) Gutowski, Hanna Dodiuk, 2013-12-31 The surface of an object is the first thing we see or touch. Nearly every article or object we encounter at home, in industry, land transportation, aerospace, or the medical field in some way uses an adhesive, a sealant, or a decorative coating. Adhesion science provides the technology and the know-how behind these applications. Recent Advances in |
| aerosol science and technology: Nanofiber Filter Technologies for Filtration of Submicron Aerosols and Nanoaerosols Wallace Woon-Fong Leung, 2021-10-30 Nanofiber Filter Technologies for Filtration of Submicron Aerosols and Nanoaerosols covers the nanoaerosols (less than 100 nanometers) to larger submicron aerosols due mostly to pollution, which are present in high number concentration in our surroundings. People are breathing these nanoaerosols daily without being aware of it. Airborne viruses from flu to coronaviruses are also nanoaerosols. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it took a long time for health authorities and the General Public to recognize the airborne transmission mode of the virus. This leads to inadequate protection and ineffective virus control strategies resulting in high infection and death rates. The book cites evidence and observations pointing to the airborne transmission mode of the coronavirus. It also discusses different filtration technologies using nanofibers to capture these aerosols for short-term filtration, where aerosols are trapped in the filter (depth filtration), and long-term filtration, where aerosols are trapped in the growing filter cake (cake filtration). This book provides a good understanding on how nanofibers, which is of size 1/1000 times that of a normal human hair, can effectively filter these tiny aerosols. NFT, organized in four sections – fundamentals, deep understanding, technologies, and application, covering comprehensively on the subject, is a valuable resource for undergraduates and graduates, engineers, researchers and practitioners in related industries. - Describes technologies with insight and use basic engineering principles to build-up technologies - Includes extensive clear and understandable figures and tables to enhance key concepts - Uses examples throughout to explain engineering principles and interdisciplinary concepts - The only book in the market focusing on nanofiber filter technologies for filtering submicron aerosols and nanoaerosols |
| aerosol science and technology: Atmospheric Aerosols Claudio Tomasi, Sandro Fuzzi, Alexander Kokhanovsky, 2017-03-20 Ein Blick auf die morphologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Aerosolen aus den unterschiedlichsten natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Aerosolpartikel bei der Streuung und Absorption kurz- und langwelliger Strahlung spielen. Dieses Fachbuch bietet Informationen, die sonst schwer zu finden sind, und vermittelt ausführlich die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um die mikrophysikalischen, chemischen und Strahlungsparameter zu charakterisieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung von Sonnen- und Erdstrahlen so überaus wichtig sind. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den indirekten Auswirkungen von Aerosolen auf das Klima im Rahmen des komplexen Systems aus Aerosolen, Wolken und der Atmosphäre. Auch geht es vorrangig um die Wirkungen natürlicher und anthropogener Aerosole auf die Luftqualität und die Umwelt, auf die menschliche Gesundheit und unser kulturelles Erbe. Mit einem durchgängig lösungsorientierten Ansatz werden nicht nur die Probleme und Gefahren dieser Aerosole behandelt, sondern auch praktikable Lösungswege aufgezeigt. |
| aerosol science and technology: A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change, Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council, 1996-05-01 This book recommends the initiation of an integrated research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies. |
| aerosol science and technology: New Cosmetic Science T. Mitsui, 1997-06-19 Cosmetic science covers the fields from natural sciences to human and social sciences, and is an important interdisciplinary element in various scientific disciples. New Cosmetic Science is a completely updated comprehensive review of its 35 year old counterpart Cosmetic Science. New Cosmetic Science has been written to give as many people as possible a better understanding of the subject, from scientists and technologists specializing in cosmetic research and manufacturing, to students of cosmetic science, and people with a wide range of interests concerning cosmetics.The relationship between the various disciplines comprising cosmetic science, and cosmetics, is described in Part I. In addition to discussing the safety of cosmetics, the Usefulness of Cosmetics, rapidly becoming an important theme, is described using research examples. The latest findings on cosmetic stability are presented, as are databases, books and magazines, increasingly used by cosmetic scientists. Part II deals with cosmetics from a usage viewpoint, including skin care cosmetics, makeup cosmetics, hair care cosmetics, fragrances, body cosmetics, and oral care cosmetics. Oral care cosmetics and body cosmetics are presented with product performance, types, main components, prescriptions and manufacturing methods described for each item.This excellent volume enlightens the reader not only on current cosmetics and usage, but indicates future progress enlarging the beneficial effects of cosmetics. Products with better pharmaceutical properties (cosmeceuticals), working both physically and psychologically, are also highlighted. |
| aerosol science and technology: Aerosols And The Human Lung: An Introduction Chantal J Darquenne, Otmar Schmid, G Kim Prisk, 2020-03-10 This book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of aerosol science related to particle inhalation and its effect on the lung, predominately in humans. It covers the basics of aerosol behavior, transport, deposition, clearance, and effects of aerosols, both environmental and therapeutic. Aimed at the researcher entering the field of aerosol inhalation it provides a valuable introductory resource in an accessible format. |
| aerosol science and technology: Urban Meteorology National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Committee on Urban Meteorology: Scoping the Problem, Defining the Needs, 2012-06-13 According to the United Nations, three out of five people will be living in cities worldwide by the year 2030. The United States continues to experience urbanization with its vast urban corridors on the east and west coasts. Although urban weather is driven by large synoptic and meso-scale features, weather events unique to the urban environment arise from the characteristics of the typical urban setting, such as large areas covered by buildings of a variety of heights; paved streets and parking areas; means to supply electricity, natural gas, water, and raw materials; and generation of waste heat and materials. Urban Meteorology: Forecasting, Monitoring, and Meeting Users' Needs is based largely on the information provided at a Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate community workshop. This book describes the needs for end user communities, focusing in particular on needs that are not being met by current urban-level forecasting and monitoring. Urban Meteorology also describes current and emerging meteorological forecasting and monitoring capabilities that have had and will likely have the most impact on urban areas, some of which are not being utilized by the relevant end user communities. Urban Meteorology explains that users of urban meteorological information need high-quality information available in a wide variety of formats that foster its use and within time constraints set by users' decision processes. By advancing the science and technology related to urban meteorology with input from key end user communities, urban meteorologists can better meet the needs of diverse end users. To continue the advancement within the field of urban meteorology, there are both short-term needs-which might be addressed with small investments but promise large, quick returns-as well as future challenges that could require significant efforts and investments. |
| aerosol science and technology: Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology Robert A. Meyers, 2012-09-30 The Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology (ESST) addresses the grand challenge for science and engineering today. It provides unprecedented, peer-reviewed coverage in more than 550 separate entries comprising 38 topical sections. ESST establishes a foundation for the many sustainability and policy evaluations being performed in institutions worldwide. An indispensable resource for scientists and engineers in developing new technologies and for applying existing technologies to sustainability, the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology is presented at the university and professional level needed for scientists, engineers, and their students to support real progress in sustainability science and technology. Although the emphasis is on science and technology rather than policy, the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology is also a comprehensive and authoritative resource for policy makers who want to understand the scope of research and development and how these bottom-up innovations map on to the sustainability challenge. |
| aerosol science and technology: Handbook of Indoor Air Quality Yinping Zhang, Philip K. Hopke, Corinne Mandin, 2022-11-23 People live in indoor environment about 90% of lifetime and an adult inhales about 15 kg air each day, over 75% of the human body’s daily mass intake (air, food, water). Therefore, indoor air quality (IAQ) is very important to human health. This book provides the basic knowledge of IAQ and highlights the research achievements in the past two decades. It covers the following 12 sections: introduction, indoor air chemicals, indoor air particles, measurement and evaluation, source/sink characteristics, indoor chemistry, human exposure to indoor pollutants, health effects and health risk assessment, IAQ and cognitive performance, standards and guidelines, IAQ control, and air quality in various indoor environments. It provides a combination of an introduction to various aspects on IAQ studies, the current state-of-knowledge, various advances and the perspective of IAQ studies. It will be very helpful for the researchers and technicians in the IAQ and the related fields. It is also useful for experts in other fields and general readers who want to obtain a basic understanding of and research advances in the field of IAQ. A group of experts in IAQ research have been recruited to write the chapters. Their research interests and experience cover the scope of the book. In addition, some experienced experts in IAQ field have been invited as advisors or reviewers to give their comments, suggestions and revisions on the handbook framework and the chapter details. Their contribution guarantees the quality of the book. We are very grateful to them. Last but not least, we express our heartfelt thanks to Prof. Spengler, Harvard University, for writing the foreword of the current Handbook of Indoor Air Quality both as a pioneer scientist who contributed greatly to indoor air science and as an Editor-in-chief of Handbook of Indoor Air Quality 2001, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. In addition to hard copies, the book is also published online and will be updated by the authors as needed to keep it aligned with current knowledge. These salient features can make the handbook fresh with the research development. |
| aerosol science and technology: The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols Warren H. Finlay, 2001-07-06 The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols, An Introduction provides a unique and comprehensive treatment of the mechanics of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. The book covers a wide range of topics and many new perspectives are given by drawing on research from a variety of fields. Novel, in-depth expositions of the most common delivery devices are given, including nebulizers, dry powder inhalers and propellant metered dose inhalers. The behaviour of aerosols in the respiratory tract is explained in detail, with complete coverage of the fundamentals of current deposition models. The book begins by providing a comprehensive introduction to aspects of aerosol mechanics that are relevant to inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. It then gives an exhaustive pedagogical description of the behaviour of evaporating and condensing droplets (both aqueous and propellant-based), an introductory chapter on lung geometry and inhalation patterns, and coverage of relevant aspects of fluid mechanics in the lung. Finally, the book provides invaluable, detailed coverage on the mechanics of common pharmaceutical aerosol delivery systems and deposition in the respiratory tract. Throughout the book are many detailed numerical examples that apply the salient concepts to typical inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. This book will be of interest to scientists and engineers involved in the research and development of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosol products. Experienced practitioners will find many new perspectives that will greatly enhance their understanding of this complex and rapidly growing field. For those delivering therapeutic agents to the lung, this book is a must-have. Students and academics will find this book an invaluable tool and for newcomers it is a worthy guide to the diverse fields that must be understood to work in the area of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols. |
| aerosol science and technology: Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism, Second Edition Mark A. Prelas, Dabir S. Viswanath, Sudarshan K. Loyalka, 2010-08-10 Traditionally, resources on terrorism and counterterrorism tend to focus on the social, behavioral, and legal aspects of the subject, with minimal emphasis on the scientific and technological aspects. Taking into account these practical considerations, the second edition of Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism discusses the nature of terrorism and the materials used by terrorists. It describes how intelligence professionals and law enforcement personnel can detect and destroy these materials, and how they can deal with terrorist groups. This volume begins by introducing the shift in analysis of terrorist attacks after September 11, 2001 and summarizes selected case studies. It discusses the origin and nature of terrorism and the factors involved in diplomacy. Covering a broad range of topics, the book examines: Aerosol dispersion of toxic materials Bioterrorism and the manufacture, detection, and delivery of biological agents Agricultural terrorism Nuclear terrorism and nuclear weapons systems, threats, and safeguards Chemical terrorism, including manufacture, detection, delivery, and decontamination Cyber-terrorism Personal protective equipment The role of government at federal, state, and local levels The role of international agencies and their resources, capabilities, and responsibilities The National Infrastructure Protection Plan As terrorist activities increase globally, it is critical that those charged with protecting the public understand the myriad of ways in which terrorists operate. While we cannot predict where, when, and how terrorists will strike, our vigilance in staying abreast of the terrorist threat is the only way to have a fighting chance against those who seek to destroy our world. |
Aerosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Aug 23, 2000 · The main aerosol property affecting the satellite signal is the aerosol optical depth (AOD, sometimes also called aerosol optical thickness—AOT). AOD is an optical …
Impact of aerosols on atmospheric processes and cl…
Feb 1, 2025 · Aerosol optical depth serves as a crucial metric for gauging aerosol optical properties and concentrations, thereby influencing the climate. Atmospheric processes, in …
Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Role in Climate Change
Jan 1, 2016 · This emphasizes the important but poorly quantified role of aerosols in driving the climate of the Earth in the past and suggests that aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud …
Journal of Aerosol Science | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier
An International Journal Founded in 1970, the Journal of Aerosol Science is the first journal specifically devoted to publishing research on the behavior of suspensions of particles and …
Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering
Aug 1, 2023 · Aerosol delivery to the lung affords several unique opportunities, including delivery of high concentrations of therapeutic agents directly to the affected organ, …
Aerosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Aug 23, 2000 · The main aerosol property affecting the satellite signal is the aerosol optical depth (AOD, sometimes also called aerosol optical thickness—AOT). AOD is an optical measure of …
Impact of aerosols on atmospheric processes and climate …
Feb 1, 2025 · Aerosol optical depth serves as a crucial metric for gauging aerosol optical properties and concentrations, thereby influencing the climate. Atmospheric processes, in …
Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Role in Climate Change
Jan 1, 2016 · This emphasizes the important but poorly quantified role of aerosols in driving the climate of the Earth in the past and suggests that aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud …
Journal of Aerosol Science | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier
An International Journal Founded in 1970, the Journal of Aerosol Science is the first journal specifically devoted to publishing research on the behavior of suspensions of particles and …
Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering
Aug 1, 2023 · Aerosol delivery to the lung affords several unique opportunities, including delivery of high concentrations of therapeutic agents directly to the affected organ, avoidance of …
Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness - NASA Earthdata
3 days ago · Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is an assessment of the amount of visible and infrared light aerosols scatter or absorb in a column of the atmosphere, and is sometimes referred to …
Atmospheric Aerosol - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Many aerosol species are nonvolatile; once deposited in the aerosol phase, they remain there until the particle is eventually removed from the atmosphere. Other species, such as some …
Aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2? Evidence, prevention and …
Nov 1, 2020 · To evaluate evidence of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, we apply the criteria of Jones and Brosseau (Jones and Brosseau, 2015), which are that aerosol transmission is …
Aerosol optical and radiative properties and their environmental ...
Jan 1, 2024 · Aerosol effects on radiation, clouds and precipitation are strongly related to the optical properties of aerosols, which vary considerably in space and time. This study reviewed …
Aerosol–radiation interactions - ScienceDirect
Jan 1, 2022 · Aerosol particles are commonly assumed to be homogeneous spheres in the context of aerosol–radiation interactions. Under this approximation, Mie theory is used to …
