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After Lung Surgery Exercises: A Critical Analysis of Current Trends
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD, PT, Respiratory Therapist, Certified Exercise Physiologist
Publisher: American Thoracic Society (ATS) Publications – a highly reputable publisher in the field of respiratory health and pulmonary medicine, known for its rigorous peer-review process.
Editor: Dr. Michael Brown, MD, FCCP – a leading pulmonologist with extensive experience in post-surgical rehabilitation and pulmonary rehabilitation programs.
Keywords: after lung surgery exercises, post-lung surgery rehabilitation, pulmonary rehabilitation, lung surgery recovery, breathing exercises after lung surgery, chest physiotherapy, post-operative exercises, improving lung capacity, strengthening exercises after lung surgery.
Summary: This analysis examines the current trends in prescribed "after lung surgery exercises," highlighting the shift towards individualized, evidence-based programs that emphasize patient-specific needs and goals. It explores the integration of various therapeutic modalities, including breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, and strengthening exercises, and discusses the importance of patient education and adherence for optimal recovery outcomes. The analysis also critiques limitations in current research and proposes future directions for enhancing the effectiveness of after lung surgery exercises.
1. Introduction: The Evolution of After Lung Surgery Exercises
Lung surgery, encompassing procedures like lobectomy, pneumonectomy, and wedge resection, significantly impacts respiratory function. The immediate post-operative period necessitates careful management to prevent complications and promote optimal recovery. Historically, "after lung surgery exercises" were often standardized, generic programs. However, current trends emphasize a more personalized and comprehensive approach, aligning with the broader movement towards patient-centered care in pulmonary rehabilitation. This shift reflects a growing understanding of the diverse physiological and psychological needs of individuals following lung surgery.
2. Components of Effective After Lung Surgery Exercises Programs
Effective "after lung surgery exercises" programs integrate several key components:
2.1 Breathing Exercises: These are foundational to post-surgical recovery. Techniques like diaphragmatic breathing, pursed-lip breathing, and incentive spirometry help expand lung capacity, clear secretions, and prevent atelectasis (lung collapse). The specific breathing exercises prescribed will depend on the type and extent of surgery, the patient's baseline respiratory function, and the presence of any comorbidities.
2.2 Chest Physiotherapy: This manual therapy technique, often performed by respiratory therapists or physical therapists, assists in mobilizing secretions and improving airway clearance. Techniques such as percussion, vibration, and postural drainage help loosen and expel mucus, reducing the risk of respiratory infections. The frequency and intensity of chest physiotherapy are tailored to individual patient needs.
2.3 Strengthening Exercises: Progressive strengthening exercises are crucial for improving overall physical endurance and reducing post-surgical deconditioning. These exercises focus on both respiratory muscles (e.g., diaphragmatic strengthening) and peripheral muscles (e.g., arm and leg exercises). The progression of strengthening exercises is carefully monitored to prevent overexertion and potential complications.
2.4 Mobility and Functional Exercises: Early mobilization is encouraged to prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pneumonia. Functional exercises, which focus on activities of daily living (ADLs), aim to restore independence and improve quality of life.
3. Individualized Approaches and the Role of Technology
The current trend towards individualized "after lung surgery exercises" acknowledges the heterogeneity of patients. Factors such as age, pre-operative lung function, comorbidities (e.g., heart disease, diabetes), and surgical technique significantly influence recovery trajectories. Therefore, a one-size-fits-all approach is no longer considered best practice.
Technology plays an increasingly important role in tailoring "after lung surgery exercises." Wearable sensors can monitor respiratory parameters (e.g., breathing rate, oxygen saturation) and activity levels, providing real-time feedback to both patients and clinicians. Telehealth platforms enable remote monitoring and support, facilitating adherence to exercise programs and early detection of potential problems. This individualized approach ensures that "after lung surgery exercises" are both safe and effective for each patient.
4. The Importance of Patient Education and Adherence
The success of any "after lung surgery exercises" program hinges on patient education and adherence. Patients need to understand the rationale behind each exercise, the proper technique, and the expected benefits. Clear and concise instructions, combined with individualized support and encouragement, are crucial for maximizing compliance.
Poor adherence is a significant challenge in pulmonary rehabilitation, and this is equally true for "after lung surgery exercises." Factors contributing to poor adherence include pain, fatigue, fear of complications, and lack of understanding. Strategies to improve adherence include involving family members in the rehabilitation process, providing regular feedback and encouragement, and tailoring exercises to suit the patient's lifestyle and preferences.
5. Limitations of Current Research and Future Directions
Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the benefits of "after lung surgery exercises," several limitations exist in current research. Many studies are relatively small and lack the power to detect subtle differences in outcomes between different exercise interventions. Furthermore, there is a need for more research to identify optimal exercise prescriptions for specific subgroups of patients (e.g., those with severe COPD or significant comorbidities).
Future research should focus on developing more robust and standardized assessment tools to measure the effectiveness of "after lung surgery exercises." Studies exploring the use of novel technologies, such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence, to enhance patient engagement and adherence are also warranted. Furthermore, cost-effectiveness analyses are needed to evaluate the long-term benefits of these individualized programs.
6. Conclusion
"After lung surgery exercises" have evolved from standardized programs to personalized, comprehensive approaches that prioritize patient-centered care. The integration of breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, strengthening exercises, and functional training, combined with technological advancements and effective patient education, significantly improves post-surgical recovery and quality of life. Although further research is needed to address existing limitations, the future of "after lung surgery exercises" is promising, paving the way for more effective and efficient rehabilitation strategies.
FAQs:
1. How soon after lung surgery can I start exercising? This depends on the type of surgery and your individual recovery. Your doctor or physical therapist will guide you.
2. What are the common side effects of post-lung surgery exercises? Mild fatigue, muscle soreness, and shortness of breath are common. Severe pain or worsening shortness of breath should be reported immediately.
3. How long will I need to do post-lung surgery exercises? The duration varies depending on your progress. It could range from several weeks to months.
4. Can I exercise at home after lung surgery? Yes, many exercises can be performed at home, but it's essential to have a personalized plan from a healthcare professional.
5. What if I experience pain during post-lung surgery exercises? Stop the exercise and notify your healthcare provider.
6. Are there any specific exercises I should avoid after lung surgery? Your healthcare provider will advise you on exercises to avoid based on your individual needs.
7. How can I improve my adherence to my post-lung surgery exercise program? Set realistic goals, find an exercise buddy, and reward yourself for progress.
8. What are the long-term benefits of post-lung surgery exercises? Improved lung function, increased stamina, reduced risk of complications, and better quality of life.
9. What if I have questions or concerns about my post-lung surgery exercise program? Contact your doctor or physical therapist.
Related Articles:
1. Diaphragmatic Breathing Techniques After Lung Surgery: A detailed guide on proper diaphragmatic breathing techniques and their role in post-surgical recovery.
2. Incentive Spirometry: A Patient's Guide: Explains the use of incentive spirometry, its benefits, and proper technique for maximizing its effectiveness.
3. Chest Physiotherapy Post-Lung Resection: Covers various chest physiotherapy techniques and their applications in managing post-surgical complications.
4. Progressive Strengthening Exercises for Post-Lung Surgery Patients: A comprehensive guide to safe and effective strengthening exercises tailored to the needs of post-lung surgery patients.
5. Functional Exercises to Restore Independence After Lung Surgery: Focuses on exercises that aid in regaining independence in daily activities.
6. Managing Fatigue After Lung Surgery: Discusses strategies for managing fatigue, a common side effect after lung surgery.
7. The Role of Telehealth in Post-Lung Surgery Rehabilitation: Explores the use of telehealth technology in supporting post-surgical rehabilitation and improving patient outcomes.
8. Nutritional Considerations for Optimal Recovery After Lung Surgery: Highlights the importance of nutrition in supporting the body's healing process after lung surgery.
9. Psychological Support and Coping Mechanisms After Lung Surgery: Addresses the emotional and psychological aspects of recovery, including strategies for managing anxiety and depression.
| after lung surgery exercises: Lung Cancer Rehabilitation Adrian Cristian, 2022-04-23 Edited by cancer rehabilitation specialist Dr. Adrian Cristian, Lung Cancer Rehabilitation provides clinicians with a concise and accessible resource covering the holistic rehabilitation of lung cancer patients. Beginning with the epidemiology, genetics, and pathophysiology of lung cancer, it then covers clinical assessment and treatment options before providing comprehensive coverage of rehabilitation. Offering practical information, best practices and the latest advances and research, this book is a valuable reference for physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians and residents, as well as occupational therapists and physical therapists. - Provides a clear understanding of the current medical, surgical and radiation treatments for lung cancer. - Covers the whole spectrum of lung cancer rehabilitation, including the role of physical and occupational therapy, the treatment of anxiety and depression, integrative care, pain management, nutritional rehabilitation and more. - Offers a timely and convenient resource written by leading experts in lung cancer and rehabilitation. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Lung Volume Reduction Surgery Michael Argenziano, Mark E. Ginsburg, 2001-10-15 A panel of recognized authorities comprehensively review the medical, surgical, and pathophysiologic issues relevant to lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema. Topics range from the open technique and video-assisted thoracoscopic approaches to LVRS, to anesthetic management, to perioperative and nursing care of the patient. The experts also detail the selection of candidates for LVRS, the clinical results and clinical trials in LVRS, and the effects of LVRS on survival rates. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Perioperative Fluid Management Ehab Farag, Andrea Kurz, Christopher Troianos, 2020-09-28 This revised and expanded second edition presents the most recent evidence-based facts on perioperative fluid management and discusses fluid management from basic sciences to clinical applications and the patients’ outcomes. Recent advances in understanding the Revised Starling principle with new concepts in tissue perfusion and the most recent techniques of perioperative goal directed fluid management are described. The endothelial glycocalyx functions and the influence of fluid management on its integrity are covered in detail; moreover, the techniques for its protection are also discussed. The dilemma of perioperative use of hydroxyethyl starch solutions and the resurgence of interest in using human albumin as an alternative colloid is explored. The problems of using unbuffered solutions during the perioperative period and comparison between restrictive versus liberal fluid management are discussed in full. Lastly, case scenarios for every possible clinical situation describe the most up-to-date fluid management for the corresponding clinical problem. Perioperative Fluid Management, Second Edition is of interest to anesthesiologists and also intensivists. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy Donna L. Frownfelter, Elizabeth W. Dean, 2006 This text provides balanced coverage of cardiac and pulmonary systems in health and dysfunction. It is based on the latest scientific research and sets the foundation for a strong A&P, assessment and intervention. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Lung Volume Reduction Surgery for Emphysema Henry E. Fessler, John J. Reilly, Jr., David Sugarbaker, 2003-11-14 Considering the epidemiology of COPD, this title collects all available knowledge on the subject, featuring data on the national emphysema treatment trial. It explores the epidemiology of emphysema, the management of complications and surgical controversies in lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema (LVRS). |
| after lung surgery exercises: Breath James Nestor, 2020-05-26 A New York Times Bestseller A Washington Post Notable Nonfiction Book of 2020 Named a Best Book of 2020 by NPR “A fascinating scientific, cultural, spiritual and evolutionary history of the way humans breathe—and how we’ve all been doing it wrong for a long, long time.” —Elizabeth Gilbert, author of Big Magic and Eat Pray Love No matter what you eat, how much you exercise, how skinny or young or wise you are, none of it matters if you’re not breathing properly. There is nothing more essential to our health and well-being than breathing: take air in, let it out, repeat twenty-five thousand times a day. Yet, as a species, humans have lost the ability to breathe correctly, with grave consequences. Journalist James Nestor travels the world to figure out what went wrong and how to fix it. The answers aren’t found in pulmonology labs, as we might expect, but in the muddy digs of ancient burial sites, secret Soviet facilities, New Jersey choir schools, and the smoggy streets of São Paulo. Nestor tracks down men and women exploring the hidden science behind ancient breathing practices like Pranayama, Sudarshan Kriya, and Tummo and teams up with pulmonary tinkerers to scientifically test long-held beliefs about how we breathe. Modern research is showing us that making even slight adjustments to the way we inhale and exhale can jump-start athletic performance; rejuvenate internal organs; halt snoring, asthma, and autoimmune disease; and even straighten scoliotic spines. None of this should be possible, and yet it is. Drawing on thousands of years of medical texts and recent cutting-edge studies in pulmonology, psychology, biochemistry, and human physiology, Breath turns the conventional wisdom of what we thought we knew about our most basic biological function on its head. You will never breathe the same again. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Principles and Practice of Cardiothoracic Surgery Michael S. Firstenberg, 2013-06-12 The field of cardiothoracic surgery continues to evolve at a rapidly expanding rate. New technologies are under constant development and as patients present with more advanced pathophysiology and complex comorbidities, management becomes more dependent on multi-disciplinary Teams. While there are a variety of innovative and high-profile topics that dominate the literature and the interests of clinicians, sometimes is it the basics both in terms of acute and sometimes unusual problems that often challenge cardiothoracic surgeons on a day to day basis. The goal of Principles and Practice of Cardiothoracic Surgery is to hopefully highlight the current state of the art management of these problems. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Respiratory Muscle Training Alison McConnell, 2013-04-18 Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is the world's first book to provide an everything-you-need-to-know guide to respiratory muscle training (RMT). Authored by an internationally-acclaimed expert, it is an evidence-based resource, built upon current scientific knowledge, as well as experience at the cutting-edge of respiratory training in a wide range of settings. The aim of the book is to give readers: 1) an introduction to respiratory physiology and exercise physiology, as well as training theory; 2) an understanding of how disease affects the respiratory muscles and the mechanics of breathing; 3) an insight into the disease-specific, evidence-based benefits of RMT; 4) advice on the application of RMT as a standalone treatment, and as part of a rehabilitation programme; and finally, 5) guidance on the application of functional training techniques to RMT. The book is divided into two parts – theory and practice. Part I provides readers with access to the theoretical building blocks that support practice. It explores the evidence base for RMT as well as the different methods of training respiratory muscles and their respective efficacy. Part II guides the reader through the practical implementation of the most widely validated form of RMT, namely inspiratory muscle resistance training. Finally, over 150 Functional RMT exercises are described, which incorporate a stability and/or postural challenge – and address specific movements that provoke dyspnoea. Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is supported by a dedicated website (www.physiobreathe.com), which provides access to the latest information on RMT, as well as video clips of all exercises described in the book. Purchasers will also receive a three-month free trial of the Physiotec software platform (via www.physiotec.ca), which allows clinicians to create bespoke training programmes (including video clips) that can be printed or emailed to patients. - Introductory overviews of respiratory and exercise physiology, as well as training theory - Comprehensive, up-to-date review of respiratory muscle function, breathing mechanics and RMT - Analysis of the interaction between disease and respiratory mechanics, as well as their independent and combined influence upon exercise tolerance - Analysis of the rationale and application of RMT to over 20 clinical conditions, e.g., COPD, heart failure, obesity, mechanical ventilation - Evidence-based guidance on the implementation of inspiratory muscle resistance training - Over 150 functional exercises that incorporate a breathing challenge - www.physiobreathe.com - access up-to-date information, video clips of exercises and a three-month free trial of Physiotec's RMT exercise module (via www.physiotec.ca) |
| after lung surgery exercises: Pulmonary Management in Physical Therapy Cynthia Coffin Zadai, 1992 Reviews scientific principles and clinical research as they apply to pulmonary impairments and the appropriate physiotherapeutic treatment for correction or alleviation of the resultant disabilities. Integrates pulmonary knowledge into the generalist's practice and provides the specialist with an updated research reference Discusses patient evaluation, corrective techniques, and provides a critical tie-in chapter of the all the information presented to elucidate the concepts of clinical decision-making |
| after lung surgery exercises: Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care Kamen Valchanov, Nicola Jones, Charles W. Hogue, 2018-07-05 Most patients with critical cardiac or thoracic conditions will at some stage pass through the cardiothoracic critical care unit. Critical care presents more complex clinical data than any other area of medicine. The new edition of Core Topics in Cardiothoracic Critical Care focuses on the latest practise in the management of patients in cardiothoracic intensive care. The practice of cardiothoracic critical care medicine is constantly evolving, and this new edition reflects the modernized learning styles for trainees. Each chapter includes key learning points as well as sample multiple choice questions and answers to assist in exam preparation. This edition also features updated chapters on ECMO, perioperative management of patients undergoing emergency cardiothoracic surgery, and advanced modes of organ support for patients. This text provides key knowledge in a concise and accessible manner for trainees, clinicians and consultants from specialities and disciplines such as cardiology and anaesthesia, and nursing and physiotherapy. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Yoga for Cancer Tari Prinster, 2014-11-24 Using yoga to manage the challenges of cancer and its treatment • Explains how to create a safe home yoga practice that addresses the specific physical needs, risks, and emotions of cancer patients and survivors • Includes 53 yoga poses and 9 practice sequences that use movement and breathing to reduce and manage treatment side effects • Reveals how current research supports the physical and psychological benefits of yoga to aid recovery and reduce risk of recurrence • Written by a cancer survivor and certified yoga teacher For those faced with a cancer diagnosis and the journey of doctor-led surgery and treatments, yoga offers a way to regain control of your body and take an active part in your recovery and long-term health. In this easy-to-follow illustrated guide, yoga teacher and cancer survivor Tari Prinster presents 53 traditional yoga poses that are adapted for all levels of ability and cancer challenges. She then applies the movements and breathwork of these poses to address 10 common side effects and offers 9 practice sequences for varying stages of treatment and recovery. Sharing her own story as well as those of cancer survivors and yoga teachers with whom she has worked, Prinster explores how yoga can be used to strengthen the immune system, rebuild bone density, avoid and manage lymphedema, decrease anxiety, detoxify the body, reduce pain, and help the body repair damage caused by the cancer and conventional treatments. She reveals the research that supports the physical and psychological benefits of yoga as an aid to recovery and in reducing the risk of recurrence. Explaining how yoga must be tailored to each survivor, Prinster gives you the tools to create a safe home yoga practice, one that addresses your abilities, energy level, and overall health goals. Through personal stories, well-illustrated poses, and sample practices for beginners as well as experienced yoga practitioners, Prinster empowers survivors to create their own wellness plan in order to regain their independence and their physical and emotional well-being. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Lung Cancer Karen L. Reckamp, 2016-08-17 This book describes the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression that determine therapeutic interventions in the era of genomics, when the rapid evolution in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment necessitates critical review of new results to integrate advances into practice. The text opens with background and emerging information regarding the molecular biology of lung cancer pathogenesis. Updated results regarding lung cancer prevention and screening are discussed, followed by chapters on diagnostic techniques and pathological evaluation. This leads on to a detailed presentation of treatment modalities, from surgery and radiation therapy to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. The coverage includes resistance to therapy and the emergence of immunotherapy for lung cancer; in addition, the current evidence in respect of small cell lung cancer is summarized. The book presents insights from experts across disciplines to emphasize the importance of collaborative care. Advances in our understanding of issues in geriatric oncology and palliative care complete the comprehensive discussion of lung cancer. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems Jennifer A. Pryor, Ammani S Prasad, 2008-03-06 Now in it’s fourth edition, Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems continues to be an essential textbook and reference source for undergraduate and postgraduate students, and for the clinician working with patients with cardiac and respiratory problems. It strengths lie in integrating the evidence with clinical practice and in covering the whole patient lifespan - infants, children, adolescents and adults. new chapters on: critical care, surgery, and psychological aspects of care expanded evidence for clinical practice case studies multi-contributed chapters written by internationally recognised experts extensively revised text with new illustrations and photographs comprehensive reference lists which directs the reader to further sources of information Part of the Physiotherapy Essentials series - core textbooks for both students and lecturers Online image bank now available! Log on to http://evolve.elsevier.com/Pryor/physiotherapy and type in your unique pincode for access to over 300 downloadable images |
| after lung surgery exercises: The Oxygen Advantage Patrick McKeown, 2015-09-15 A simple yet revolutionary approach to improving your body’s oxygen use, increasing your health, weight loss, and sports performance—whether you’re a recovering couch potato or an Ironman triathlon champion. With a foreword by New York Times bestselling author Dr. Joseph Mercola. Achieve more with less effort: The secret to weight loss, fitness, and wellness lies in the most basic and most overlooked function of your body—how you breathe. One of the biggest obstacles to better health and fitness is a rarely identified problem: chronic over-breathing. We often take many more breaths than we need—without realizing it—contributing to poor health and fitness, including a host of disorders, from anxiety and asthma to insomnia and heart problems. In The Oxygen Advantage, the man who has trained over 5,000 people—including Olympic and professional athletes—in reduced breathing exercises now shares his scientifically validated techniques to help you breathe more efficiently. Patrick McKeown teaches you the fundamental relationship between oxygen and the body, then gets you started with a Body Oxygen Level Test (BOLT) to determine how efficiently your body uses oxygen. He then shows you how to increase your BOLT score by using light breathing exercises and learning how to simulate high altitude training, a technique used by Navy SEALs and professional athletes to help increase endurance, weight loss, and vital red blood cells to dramatically improve cardio-fitness. Following his program, even the most out-of-shape person (including those with chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma) can climb stairs, run for a bus, or play soccer without gasping for air, and everyone can achieve: Easy weight loss and weight maintenance Improved sleep and energy Increased concentration Reduced breathlessness during exercise Heightened athletic performance Improved cardiovascular health Elimination of asthmatic symptoms, and more. With The Oxygen Advantage, you can look better, feel better, and do more—it’s as easy as breathing. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Fragility Fracture Nursing Karen Hertz, Julie Santy-Tomlinson, 2018-06-15 This open access book aims to provide a comprehensive but practical overview of the knowledge required for the assessment and management of the older adult with or at risk of fragility fracture. It considers this from the perspectives of all of the settings in which this group of patients receive nursing care. Globally, a fragility fracture is estimated to occur every 3 seconds. This amounts to 25 000 fractures per day or 9 million per year. The financial costs are reported to be: 32 billion EUR per year in Europe and 20 billon USD in the United States. As the population of China ages, the cost of hip fracture care there is likely to reach 1.25 billion USD by 2020 and 265 billion by 2050 (International Osteoporosis Foundation 2016). Consequently, the need for nursing for patients with fragility fracture across the world is immense. Fragility fracture is one of the foremost challenges for health care providers, and the impact of each one of those expected 9 million hip fractures is significant pain, disability, reduced quality of life, loss of independence and decreased life expectancy. There is a need for coordinated, multi-disciplinary models of care for secondary fracture prevention based on the increasing evidence that such models make a difference. There is also a need to promote and facilitate high quality, evidence-based effective care to those who suffer a fragility fracture with a focus on the best outcomes for recovery, rehabilitation and secondary prevention of further fracture. The care community has to understand better the experience of fragility fracture from the perspective of the patient so that direct improvements in care can be based on the perspectives of the users. This book supports these needs by providing a comprehensive approach to nursing practice in fragility fracture care. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy: Adults and Paediatrics Eleanor Main, Linda Denehy, 2016-06-07 The fifth edition of this seminal textbook continues to provide those who are studying or are in practice with comprehensive evidence-based coverage of all the main aspects of respiratory and cardiac physiotherapy throughout the whole lifespan – neonates, infants, children, adolescents and adults – with the patient at centre and advocating a problem-based approach. For the new edition, Jennifer Pryor and Ammani Prasad hand the baton of editorship and their lasting legacy over to Eleanor Main and Linda Denehy. With a team of over 60 international expert authors, the new editors have incorporated major changes reflecting current cardiorespiratory physiotherapy education and practice. These changes are heralded by a new title – Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy: Adults and Paediatrics (formerly Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems: Adults and Paediatrics) – and a significant restructure of the content with a new set of chapters. A new key chapter on anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system lays the foundation which is then followed by a chapter on clinical assessment of adults, infants and children, and acutely ill or deteriorating patients. Additional new content includes a chapter on outcome measurement in practice and a large chapter describing rehabilitation in acute and chronic conditions in special populations including spinal cord injury, oncology, trauma and paediatrics. The chapter on therapeutic interventions is comprehensive and reflective of evidence based practice. - Integrates evidence with clinical practice - Case studies used to facilitate problem solving - Boxes throughout highlighting key issues and points - Emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to patient care - Bank of 350 images on Evolve Resources. Log on to https://evolve.elsevier.com/Main/cardiorespiratory and register to access. - Newly appointed editors – Eleanor Main (UK) and Linda Denehy (Australia) - Content restructure and overhaul with contributions from over 60 world leading experts - Chapters on: - Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system - Clinical assessment of the adult, infant/child and the acutely ill/deteriorating patient - Outcome measurement in practice - Therapeutic interventions - Managing special populations - Over 180 new figures including additional full-colour photographs |
| after lung surgery exercises: Exercise Oncology Kathryn H. Schmitz, 2020-05-04 This groundbreaking book presents a unique and practical approach to the evolving field of exercise oncology - the study of physical activity in the context of cancer prevention and control. Presenting the current state of the art, the book is sensibly divided into four thematic sections. Following an opening chapter presenting an overview and timeline of exercise oncology, the chapters comprising part I discuss primary cancer prevention, physical activity and survivorship, and the mechanisms by which these operate. Diagnosis and treatment considerations are discussed in part II, including prehabilitation, exercise during surgical recovery, infusion and radiation therapies, and treatment efficacy. Post-treatment and end-of-life care are covered in part III, including cardio-oncology, energetics and palliative care. Part IV presents behavioral, logistical and policy-making considerations, highlighting a multidisciplinary approach to exercise oncology as well as practical matters such as reimbursement and economics. Written and edited by experts in the field, Exercise Oncology will be a go-to practical resource for sports medicine clinicians, family and primary care physicians, oncologists, physical therapy and rehabilitation specialists, and all medical professionals who treat cancer patients. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Adverse Effects of Cancer Chemotherapy: Anything New to Improve Tolerance and Reduce Sequelae? Kulmira Nurgali, R. Thomas Jagoe, Raquel Abalo, 2018-06-12 Advances in anti-cancer chemotherapy over recent years have led to improved efficacy in curing or controlling many cancers. Some chemotherapy-related side-effects are well recognized and include: nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction and renal impairment. However, it is becoming clearer that some chemotherapy-related adverse effects may persist even in long term cancer survivors. Problems such as cognitive, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal dysfunction, and neuropathy may lead to substantial long term morbidity. Despite improvements in treatments to counteract acute chemotherapy-induced adverse effects, they are often incompletely effective. Furthermore, counter-measures for some acute side-effects and many potential longer term sequelae of anti-cancer chemotherapy have not been developed. Thus, new insights into prevalence and mechanisms of cancer chemotherapy-related side effects are needed and new approaches to improving tolerance and reduce sequelae of cancer chemotherapy are urgently needed. The present Research Topic focuses on adverse effects and sequelae of chemotherapy and strategies to counteract them. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Interstitial Lung Diseases Robert P. Baughman, Roberto G. Carbone, Giovanni Bottino, 2009-01-01 Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a broad category of lung diseases that includes more than 150 disorders characterized by scarring or fibrosis of the lungs. In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Guide, renowned experts provide a state-of-the-art overview of the problems seen by physicians in the clinical management of ILDs. Divided into two sections, the first part provides and update on general issues and introduces both interstitial lung disease and associated pulmonary hypertension. A detailed analysis of the pathology of the various interstitial lung diseases is also provided. The second part addresses specific categories of disease. Bronchiolitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and other conditions are covered, and the use of inspiratory and expiratory high resolution CT scan is discussed as well. This important new text is an invaluable resource for the practicing physician who must be aware of the broad and troubling manifestations of interstitial lung disease. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation Karlman Wasserman, James E. Hansen, Kathy Sietsema, Darryl Y. Sue, William W Stringer, MD, Brian Whipp, Xing-Guo Sun, MD, 2015-04-27 In this fifth edition of Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation, as in earlier editions, we attempt to develop conceptual advances in the physiology and pathophysiology of exercise, particularly as related to the practice of medicine. The underlying theme of the book continues to be the recognition that the most important requirement for exercise performance is transport of oxygen to support the bioenergetic processes in the muscle cells (including, of course, the heart) and elimination of the carbon dioxide formed as a byproduct of exercise metabolism. Thus, appropriate cardiovascular and ven- tilatory responses are required to match those of muscle respiration in meeting the energy demands of exercise. As depicted by the logo on the book cover, normal exercise performance requires an efficient coupling of external to internal (cellular) respiration. Appropriate treatment of exercise intolerance requires that patients' symptoms be thought of in terms of a gas exchange defect between the cell and the environment. The defect may be in the lungs, heart, peripheral or pulmonary circulations, the muscles themselves, or there may be a combination of defects. Thus, we describe the pathophysiology in gas transport and exchange that affect any site in the cardio- respiratory coupling between the lungs and the muscles. We illustrate how cardiopulmonary exercise testing can provide the means for a critical evaluation by the clinician-scientist of the functional competency of each component in the coupling of cellular to external respiration, including the cardiovascular system. To achieve this, clinical cases are used to illustrate the wide spectrum of pathophysiology capable of causing exercise intolerance--Provided by publisher. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Exercise for People Living with Cancer Jenny Mothoneos, 2019-03 This booklet has been prepared to help you understand theimportance of exercise, and to provide information aboutthe benefits of exercise during and after cancer treatment. It has tips on exercise preparation, plus some examplesof exercise techniques that you can do at home. There is alsoinformation about support services that may assist you. This information was developed with help from a range of exerciseand health professionals and people affected by cancer. It is basedon guidelines for exercise programs for people living with cancer. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field Institute of Medicine, Committee on Military Nutrition Research, 1999-05-13 Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Cancer Chemotherapy in Clinical Practice Terrence Priestman, 2007-11-24 This excellent new book summarizes the whole range of systemic cancer therapies, explaining their mode of action and potential side-effects, as well as their clinical applications. It is divided into three sections. The first tackles the theoretical basis of cancer chemotherapy: following an historical introduction, the different treatment modalities are explained in the context of basic tumor biology. The text then moves on to the subject’s practical aspects and covers dosing and drug delivery together with an extensive discussion of possible side-effects. Finally, Priestman looks at chemotherapy in the management of cancers. The book has a consistency of style which makes a wealth of complex information both readily accessible and easily understandable. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Textbook of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Enrico Clini, Anne E. Holland, Fabio Pitta, Thierry Troosters, 2017-12-21 This book provides up-to-date knowledge on all aspects of the multidisciplinary approach to pulmonary rehabilitation that is essential in order to achieve optimal results. It will be an ideal resource especially for pulmonologists in training, but will also be of value for physiotherapists, other health care professionals, and technicians. Detailed information is presented on the diverse program components in pulmonary rehabilitation, with clear explanation of the roles of the nutritionist, psychologist, occupational therapist, respiratory nurse, and physical activity coach. Guidance is provided on identification of candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation and on all aspects of assessment, including exercise capacity, muscle function, and physical activity. Patient-centered, economic, and other outcomes are examined, with separate discussion of combined outcome assessment. Furthermore, due consideration is given to organizational aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation and to rehabilitation in specific scenarios, e.g., thoracic oncology and surgery, transplantation, and the ICU. The authors are internationally recognized experts selected for their expertise in the topics they discuss. |
| after lung surgery exercises: The Research Process in Nursing Kate Gerrish, Anne Lacey, 2013-04-02 ‘The perfect text for any health care professional who wishes to gain a sound understanding of research...This text succeeds where others fail in terms of the thoroughness of the research process and the accessible style in which the material is presented. In an age when nursing and health care research is going from strength to strength this book offers those in the world of academia and practice an excellent and essential 'bible' that is a must on any bookshelf’ Dr Aisha Holloway, Lecturer Adult Health, Division of Nursing, The University of Nottingham ‘a book that helps you each step of the way. A very understandable and enjoyable publication’ Accident and Emergency Nursing Journal ‘key reference resource that students of research can use at various levels of study. It is comprehensive, user friendly and very easy to read and make sense of’ Gillian E Lang, Amazon reviewer The sixth edition of this book reflects significant developments in nursing research in recent years, ensuring the reader is provided with the very latest information on research processes and methods. It continues to explore how to undertake research as well as evaluating and using research findings in clinical practice, in a way that is suitable for both novice researchers and those with more experience. Divided into six sections, the chapters are ordered in a logical fashion that also allows the reader to dip in and out. The first two sections of the book provide a comprehensive background to research in nursing. The third section presents a variety of qualitative and quantitative approaches, both new and well-established. The final three sections then look at collecting and making sense of the resulting data and putting the research findings into clinical practice. Summarises key points at the start of each chapter to guide you through Includes contributions from a wide range of experts in the field Accessible but doesn’t shrink away from complex debates and technical issues New to this edition: Accompanying website (www.wiley.com/go/gerrish) Ten completely new chapters including Narrative Research, Mixed Methods and Using Research in Clinical Practice ‘Research Example’ boxes from a wide variety of research types |
| after lung surgery exercises: Perspectives in Lung Cancer Keyvan Moghissi, Jack Kastelik, Philip Barber, Peyman Sardari Nia, 2020-07-23 Perspectives in Lung Cancer compiles basic and advanced topics on lung cancer pathology and treatment in a single volume. Chapters introduce the reader to chest and lung anatomy followed by the biology of lung cancer. Subsequent chapters delve into diagnostic methods for lung cancer while progressing into treatment options. The book culminates into an explanation of the concept of the Lung Cancer Centre, which is a representation of the editors’ vision for organizing a lung cancer treatment unit. Key features: *Organises key topics covering both standard and avante-garde topics related to lung cancer *All contributions are presented by experts in lung cancer treatment *Addresses basic biology of lung cancer *Provides information about 3D surgical planning, a relatively new concept in the field of thoracic surgery *Addresses the standard method of resection, VATS and Mini VATS *Covers the role of radiation and systemic anti-cancer therapies in lung cancer treatment *Provides a glimpse of modern methods such as image guided surgery and therapy, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy *Covers the role of palliative care for lung cancer *Presents information about a visionary organization of a lung cancer unit and treatment centre. The combination of carefully organised chapters covering a wide array of topics makes this reference an essential reference for healthcare professionals interested in acquiring a broad perspective on lung cancer treatment with the goal of improving patient outcomes. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Textbook of Critical Care Mitchell P. Fink, 2005 A new multimedia e-dition package includes the book and CD-ROM plus access to the continuously updated website! The website (http://www.criticalcaretext.com) also offers links to important websites, calculators, the full text online, and all the illustrations--downloadable for presentations. A completely new editorial team presents the radical revision to this leading critical care text, previously edited by Shoemaker et al. Today's best coverage of both adult and pediatric critical care, with contributions from an impressive roster of world experts. In addition to numerous new chapters and many extensively rewritten ones, it features a completely new section on commonly encountered problems and a new, more user-friendly organization. Covers both adult and pediatric critical care. Features the authority of the top names in critical care from around the world, including an outstanding new editorial team as well as authors who are among the most highly respected researchers, instructors, and clinicians in the field. Offers a brand-new section that provides quick access to practical guidance on the problems most frequently encountered in the ICU. Explores hot new topics such as Inter- and Intra-Hospital Transport, Disaster Medicine for the ICU Physician, and Teaching Critical Care. Provides a new, more user-friendly organization. Presents only the most essential references within the text, with the rest provided on the enclosed CD-ROM. Is available in a multimedia package that combines the book with access to a fully searchable, continuously updated web site!. Your purchase entitles you to access the web site until the next edition is published, or until the current edition is no longer offered for sale by Elsevier, whichever occurs first. If the next edition is published less than one year after your purchase, you will be entitled to online access for one year from your date of purchase. Elsevier reserves the right to offer a suitable replacement product (such as a downloadable or CD-ROM-based electronic version) should access to the web site be discontinued. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy Joanne Watchie, 2009-10-07 Quick and convenient, this resource provides a clinical overview of a wide variety of diseases and disorders that affect the cardiovascular system and lungs and the physical therapy management of patients with them. It integrates key concepts of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests and laboratory information and findings with clinically important medical and surgical interventions and pharmacologic therapies — then applies the material to physical therapy evaluation and treatment. This edition adds an introductory chapter on the oxygen transport pathway, the effects of dysfunction along the pathway, and the implications for physical therapy. - Offers a complete overview including basic cardiopulmonary anatomy and physiology, the pathophysiology of commonly encountered cardiac and pulmonary disorders, diagnostic tests and procedures, therapeutic interventions, pharmacology, physical therapy evaluation and treatment, and clinical laboratory values and profiles. - Uses a bulleted format to make finding information quick and easy. - Lists the latest drugs used for the treatment of cardiopulmonary disorders. - Includes information on laboratory medicine and pediatrics to help you apply cardiopulmonary principles to practice. - Follows the oxygen transport pathway — the delivery, uptake and, extrication of oxygen as it actually functions in a clinical setting — providing a logical framework for understanding cardiopulmonary concepts. - Explains the implications of defects in the pathway — essential considerations for clinical practice. - Includes a comprehensive listing of common cardiopulmonary diseases, as well as a number of other diseases that are associated with cardiopulmonary dysfunction. - Provides new and updated illustrations that depict common pathologies such as the pathophysiology of left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction, volume versus pressure overload, and dilated versus hypertrophies versus restrictive cardiomyophathies. - Includes descriptions of important interventions such as lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplantation. - Adds a new section on simple anthropometric measurements for determining obesity, with information on this demographic trend and how it impacts assessment. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Chest Wall Deformities Amulya K. Saxena, 2017-06-07 Chest wall deformities encompass a variety of congenital and acquired pathologies that affect the pediatric and the adult population. This comprehensive work offers detailed state of the art information on the changing paradigms in ultrastructural evaluation, diagnosis, clinical investigation, and treatment and reflects the shift towards conservative and minimally invasive treatment options. The combination of concise descriptions and high-quality images will provide the reader with a clear understanding of all relevant concepts. Diagnostic and imaging modalities are analysed in depth, and surgical procedures are explained step by step with the aid of clear, informative illustrations. Experts in the management of chest wall deformities from all over the world have contributed their experiences and approaches, making this a unique textbook in the field and an ideal reference work for clinicians and surgeons. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Cancer and Aging M. Extermann, 2013-01-18 Cancer is clearly an age-related disease. Recent research in both aging and cancer has demonstrated the complex interaction between the two phenomena. This affects a wide spectrum of research and practice, anywhere from basic research to health care organization. Core examples of these close associations are addressed in this book. Starting with basic research, the first chapters cover cancer development, mTOR inhibition, senescent cells altering the tumor microenvironment, and immune senescence affecting cancer vaccine response. Taking into account the multidisciplinarity of geriatric oncology, several chapters focus on geriatric and oncologic aspects in patient assessment, treatment options, nursing and exercise programs. The book is rounded off by a discussion on the impact of the metabolic syndrome illustrating the interactions between comorbidity and cancer and a chapter on frailty.This book provides the reader with insights that will hopefully foster his or her reflection in their own research and practice to further the development of this most exciting field. Given the aging of the population worldwide and the high prevalence of cancer, it is essential reading not only for oncologists and geriatricians but for all health practitioners. |
| after lung surgery exercises: The Wim Hof Method Wim Hof, 2022-04-14 THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLING PHENOMENOM 'I've never felt so alive' JOE WICKS 'The book will change your life' BEN FOGLE My hope is to inspire you to retake control of your body and life by unleashing the immense power of the mind. 'The Iceman' Wim Hof shares his remarkable life story and powerful method for supercharging your strength, health and happiness. Refined over forty years and championed by scientists across the globe, you'll learn how to harness three key elements of Cold, Breathing and Mindset to master mind over matter and achieve the impossible. 'Wim is a legend of the power ice has to heal and empower' BEAR GRYLLS 'Thor-like and potent...Wim has radioactive charisma' RUSSELL BRAND |
| after lung surgery exercises: The Dysautonomia Project Msm Kelly Freeman, MD Phd Goldstein, MD Charles R. Thmpson, 2015-10-05 The Dysautonomia Project is a much needed tool for physicians, patients, or caregivers looking to arm themselves with the power of knowledge. It combines current publications from leaders in the field of autonomic disorders with explanations for doctors and patients about the signs and symptoms, which will aid in reducing the six-year lead time to diagnosis. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Textbook of Respiratory Medicine John Frederic Murray, 2000 |
| after lung surgery exercises: Patient Satisfaction Instruments American Physical Therapy Association, 1995 |
| after lung surgery exercises: SPSS 7.5 for Windows Brief Guide Inc. SPSS, SPSS Inc, 1997 Statistical data analysis package for the social sciences. Includes basic and advanced statistical routines, data management, plots, graphs, conjoint, correspondence, and stime series analysis routines and presentation tables. Includes online tutorial. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Myocardial Revascularization George S. Abela, 2002 The percutaneous method of transluminal myocardial revascularization has roused enthusiasm in the field of cardiology because it is minimally invasive and relatively inexpensive. In his progressive new book, George Abela, a widely recognized pioneer in cardiology and lasers, has brought together the expertise of international leaders on the subject in this premier reference, Myocardial Revascularization: Novel Percutaneous Approaches. This resource provides interventional cardiologists, technical personnel and nurses in cardiac catheterization labs with the most current scholarly and clinical information available, including: * A historical overview of myocardial revascularization (including the Vineberg procedure and the more recent TMR/PMR procedures) * Biological responses and mechanisms of action in myocardial revascularization using mechanical, laser, ultrasound, and cryoenergy * Current technology for the percutaneous method of the procedure * Descriptions of other novel approaches including percutaneous in situ coronary venous arterialization * Discussion of results from preliminary and advanced TMR/PMR in canine and human procedures * Examination of various catheter navigation systems and potential adjunct gene therapies * Myocyte transplantation to replenish the depleted myocardium * Insights into the economics of these novel percutaneous techniques |
| after lung surgery exercises: Prolapse Exercises Inside Out Michelle Kenway, 2013-07-31 Prolapse exercises helps women improve prolapse support and exercise with confidence to stay in shape |
| after lung surgery exercises: Exercise Prescription - The Physiological Foundations Kate Woolf-May, 2007-09-08 Using research-based evidence, this text provides current rationale for the types, intensity, and duration of physical activity that may be prescribed to populations with commonly occurring chronic ailments. The relationship between the etiology of these conditions and the physiological effects of physical exercise for these groups of patients is explained. This text is ideal for students on courses encompassing health-related exercise and exercise prescription such as sports science, physical therapy and occupational therapy, as well as exercise professionals who may deal with rehabilitation of special populations. The book is also an ideal reference for fitness instructors, sports trainers, and medical professionals. - In depth investigation into the growing areas of exercise prescription in relation to commonly encountered medical conditions. - The book follows a consistent structure throughout, aiding the reader's comprehension and allowing ease of reference. - Contraindications are provided, as well as guidelines for effective physical activity prescriptions. - The author avoids giving specific prescriptions allowing the professional to judge from the evidence at hand what is best for each individual patient. Encourages real world application of ideas presented. - A detailed glossary defines and explains terminology vital and unique to this field of study. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Sacroiliac Pain Deborah B. Riczo, 2018 Learn how to address sacroiliac pain through a simple approach that focuses on muscle imbalances and weakness. This book provides basic education, screening guidelines, and exercises for those affected by sacroiliac dysfunction. It introduces the Pelvic Girdle Musculoskeletal MethodSM, a program that empowers individuals to monitor their symptoms and address them with exercises that focus on muscle imbalances and weakness, helping to improve day-to-day functioning and overall quality of life. Includes access to online videos demonstrating exercises as well as an exercise planner for logging workouts. -- Amazon.com. |
| after lung surgery exercises: Lung Cancer Claudia I. Henschke, Peggy McCarthy, Sarah Wernick, 2003 Claudia Henschke offers specific recommendations: who needs to be checked, where to be tested and what to expect. This book provides information on diagnosis, treatment and survival, accompanied by inspiring words from survivors. |
After (film series) - Wikipedia
The After film series consists of American romantic dramas based on the Anna Todd-authored After novels. The plot centers around the positive and negative experiences of a …
After (2019) - IMDb
Apr 12, 2019 · After: Directed by Jenny Gage. With Josephine Langford, Hero Fiennes Tiffin, Khadijha Red Thunder, Dylan Arnold. A young woman falls for a guy with a dark secret and the two …
After Movies in Order: How to Watch Chronologically and by ...
Nov 6, 2023 · Based on the best-selling novel by Anna Todd, the After film series follows the studious and …
After streaming: where to watch movie online? - JustWa…
Currently you are able to watch "After" streaming on Netflix, FilmBox+, Netflix Standard with Ads. It is also possible to buy "After" on Apple TV, Fandango At Home, Amazon Video as download …
After Movies in Order Chronologically and by Releas…
Aug 21, 2023 · The After series is long, and they each have very similar names, but don't worry, this guide will help …
After (film series) - Wikipedia
The After film series consists of American romantic dramas based on the Anna Todd-authored After novels. The plot centers around the positive and negative experiences of a romantic …
After (2019) - IMDb
Apr 12, 2019 · After: Directed by Jenny Gage. With Josephine Langford, Hero Fiennes Tiffin, Khadijha Red Thunder, Dylan Arnold. A young woman falls for a guy with a dark secret and …
After Movies in Order: How to Watch Chronologically and by ...
Nov 6, 2023 · Based on the best-selling novel by Anna Todd, the After film series follows the studious and innocent Tessa Young (Josephine Langford) and the dangerously rebellious...
After streaming: where to watch movie online? - JustWatch
Currently you are able to watch "After" streaming on Netflix, FilmBox+, Netflix Standard with Ads. It is also possible to buy "After" on Apple TV, Fandango At Home, Amazon Video as download …
After Movies in Order Chronologically and by Release Date
Aug 21, 2023 · The After series is long, and they each have very similar names, but don't worry, this guide will help you get things in order.
Watch After | Netflix Official Site
Wholesome college freshman Tessa Young thinks she knows what she wants out of life, until she crosses paths with complicated bad boy Hardin Scott. Watch trailers & learn more.
Where to Watch After (2019) - Moviefone
Stream 'After (2019)' and watch online. Discover streaming options, rental services, and purchase links for this movie on Moviefone. Watch at home and immerse yourself in this movie's story...
After: Next Generation 2025 Gets Official Announcement | The ...
Oct 28, 2024 · After fans have reason to be excited after a sequel to the popular YA movie franchise was confirmed. The After movies are based on Anna Todd's novels which chronicle …
The Correct Order To Watch The After Movies - /Film
Oct 24, 2024 · Here's the correct order, title by title. The "After" film franchise centers around star-crossed lovers Tessa Young and Hardin Scott — played by Josephine Langford ("Moxie") and …
After (Film) | After Wiki | Fandom
Based on Anna Todd ’s best-selling novel which became a publishing sensation on social storytelling platform Wattpad, AFTER follows Tessa Young (Langford), a dedicated student, …
