Advertisement
Agree or Disagree Questions: A Critical Examination of Their Strengths and Limitations
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, PhD in Educational Psychology, Professor of Assessment and Measurement at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Vance has over 20 years of experience in designing and analyzing educational assessments, with a particular focus on the effectiveness and limitations of different question types.
Publisher: Sage Publications, a leading academic publisher known for its rigorous peer-review process and high-quality publications in the fields of education, psychology, and social sciences.
Editor: Dr. Michael Davies, PhD in Psychometrics, Associate Editor of the Journal of Educational Measurement. Dr. Davies has extensive experience editing and reviewing research articles on assessment methodologies.
Keywords: agree or disagree questions, Likert scale, survey design, questionnaire design, assessment, measurement, response bias, validity, reliability.
Introduction:
Agree or disagree questions, often presented using Likert scales, are ubiquitous in surveys, questionnaires, and assessments. Their apparent simplicity belies a complex reality. While offering a seemingly straightforward method for gathering data on attitudes, opinions, and beliefs, 'agree or disagree questions' present both significant opportunities and substantial challenges. This article explores the strengths and limitations of these questions, providing guidance on their effective use and highlighting potential pitfalls to avoid.
H1: The Allure of Agree or Disagree Questions: Simplicity and Scalability
The primary appeal of agree or disagree questions lies in their ease of administration and analysis. They offer a structured format that's easily understood by respondents, regardless of their educational background. This simplicity allows for the creation of large-scale surveys and questionnaires, efficiently collecting data from numerous participants. The numerical scoring inherent in Likert scales (e.g., 1=Strongly Disagree, 5=Strongly Agree) simplifies data analysis, facilitating statistical analysis and the identification of trends. The use of 'agree or disagree questions' therefore allows researchers to efficiently gather large datasets, leading to broader generalizability of findings.
H2: Unveiling the Challenges: Response Bias and Measurement Issues
Despite their apparent simplicity, agree or disagree questions are vulnerable to various biases that can compromise the validity and reliability of the data collected.
Acquiescence Bias: This refers to the tendency of respondents to agree with statements regardless of their content. Individuals may simply choose "agree" to avoid critical thinking or to appear agreeable. This bias can significantly skew results, making it difficult to draw accurate conclusions.
Social Desirability Bias: Respondents may answer in a way that they believe will present them in a positive light, even if it doesn't reflect their true beliefs. This is particularly relevant for sensitive topics where expressing unpopular opinions might be perceived negatively.
Central Tendency Bias: Some respondents may avoid extreme responses (strongly agree/strongly disagree) and opt for neutral positions, leading to a clustering of responses around the middle of the scale. This can mask genuine differences in opinions.
Question Wording: The precise wording of an 'agree or disagree question' can significantly influence responses. Ambiguous or leading questions can distort results, leading to misinterpretations.
Scale Length: The number of points on the Likert scale (e.g., 5-point, 7-point) can also affect responses. Longer scales offer more nuanced responses but may increase respondent burden and reduce response rates.
H3: Mitigating Bias and Enhancing Validity: Best Practices for Using Agree or Disagree Questions
To minimize the limitations of 'agree or disagree questions,' researchers should adopt several best practices:
Careful Question Wording: Use clear, concise, and unambiguous language. Avoid leading questions or double-barreled questions (asking two things at once). Pilot testing the questionnaire with a small sample can help identify and refine problematic questions.
Balanced Scales: Include both positively and negatively worded items to counter acquiescence bias. For example, for a positive statement, include a negatively worded equivalent to measure the same construct.
Item Analysis: Conduct thorough item analysis to identify poorly performing items that don't discriminate well between respondents or exhibit high levels of bias.
Consider Alternative Question Formats: While 'agree or disagree questions' are often convenient, consider incorporating other question types, such as open-ended questions or ranking tasks, to provide richer and more nuanced data.
H4: The Role of Agree or Disagree Questions in Different Contexts
Agree or disagree questions are applicable in a variety of contexts, including market research, political polling, educational assessments, and psychological studies. However, their suitability depends on the specific research question and the population being studied. In situations where nuanced understanding is paramount, alternative methods may be more appropriate.
Conclusion:
Agree or disagree questions, while offering a seemingly simple and efficient method for data collection, present significant challenges related to response bias and measurement validity. By carefully considering these challenges and implementing best practices, researchers can mitigate these limitations and leverage the strengths of 'agree or disagree questions' to gather valuable data. However, it’s crucial to remember that they are just one tool in the assessment arsenal, and their use should be informed by a thorough understanding of their strengths and weaknesses. A thoughtful and nuanced approach, coupled with the use of multiple data collection methods, is essential for obtaining reliable and valid insights.
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between a Likert scale and an agree/disagree question? A Likert scale is a rating scale that typically uses a 5- or 7-point scale to measure agreement or disagreement. Agree/disagree questions are a specific type of Likert scale question with only two response options.
2. How can I reduce acquiescence bias in my survey? Use both positively and negatively worded items, and consider incorporating reverse-scored items.
3. What is the optimal length for a Likert scale in agree or disagree questions? Research suggests that 5- or 7-point scales are generally preferred, but the optimal length may vary depending on the context and the respondent population.
4. How can I determine if my agree or disagree questions are reliable? Conduct reliability analysis, such as Cronbach's alpha, to assess the internal consistency of the items.
5. Can agree or disagree questions be used to measure sensitive topics? Yes, but extra care should be taken to ensure respondent anonymity and confidentiality, and to mitigate social desirability bias.
6. How do I analyze data from agree or disagree questions? Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations) and inferential statistics (t-tests, ANOVA) can be used to analyze the data.
7. What are some alternatives to agree or disagree questions? Open-ended questions, ranking tasks, semantic differential scales, and visual analog scales are some alternatives.
8. What is the best way to pilot test agree or disagree questions? Conduct a small-scale test with a representative sample to identify and refine problematic questions.
9. Are agree or disagree questions suitable for all types of research? No, they are most suitable for measuring attitudes and opinions, but not for measuring factual knowledge or behavior.
Related Articles:
1. "The Impact of Question Wording on Response Bias in Surveys": Examines the effect of question phrasing on respondent answers in surveys utilizing 'agree or disagree questions'.
2. "Improving the Reliability and Validity of Likert Scales": Discusses methods for enhancing the psychometric properties of Likert scales, including 'agree or disagree questions'.
3. "A Comparison of Different Response Scales in Surveys": Compares the performance of various response scales, including Likert scales and other options, highlighting their suitability with 'agree or disagree questions'.
4. "Reducing Response Bias in Online Surveys": Focuses on strategies to minimize bias in online surveys, with particular attention to 'agree or disagree questions'.
5. "The Use of Agree or Disagree Questions in Educational Assessment": Explores the application and limitations of 'agree or disagree questions' in educational settings.
6. "Analyzing Data from Likert-Type Scales: A Practical Guide": Provides a step-by-step guide to analyzing data collected using Likert scales, including 'agree or disagree questions'.
7. "Best Practices for Designing Effective Questionnaires": Offers general guidance on questionnaire design, with specific sections on writing effective 'agree or disagree questions'.
8. "The Ethics of Survey Research: Protecting Respondent Rights": Discusses ethical considerations in survey research, highlighting the importance of informed consent and protecting respondent privacy when using 'agree or disagree questions'.
9. "Mixed-Methods Research: Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches": Explores how qualitative and quantitative methods, including the use of 'agree or disagree questions', can be combined for a richer understanding.
| agree or disagree questions: The Dying Art of Disagreement Bret Stephens, 2017-12-17 2017 Lowy Institute Media Lecture |
| agree or disagree questions: Survey Questions Jean M. Converse, Stanley Presser, 1986-09 This text reviews the literature on crafting survey instruments, and provides both general principles governing question-writing and guidance on how to develop a questionnaire. |
| agree or disagree questions: Questions and Answers in Attitude Surveys Howard Schuman, Stanley Presser, 1996-03 This book pioneers a new state of the art for conducting research on the form, wording, and context of questions asked in attitude surveys. |
| agree or disagree questions: The Power of Survey Design Giuseppe Iarossi, 2006 A practical how-to guide on all the steps involved with survey implementation, this volume covers survey management, questionnaire design, sampling, respondent's psychology and survey participation, and data management. A comprehensive and practical reference for those who both use and produce survey data. |
| agree or disagree questions: Confident Parents, Confident Kids Jennifer S. Miller, 2019-11-05 Confident Parents, Confident Kids lays out an approach for helping parents—and the kids they love—hone their emotional intelligence so that they can make wise choices, connect and communicate well with others (even when patience is thin), and become socially conscious and confident human beings. How do we raise a happy, confident kid? And how can we be confident that our parenting is preparing our child for success? Our confidence develops from understanding and having a mastery over our emotions (aka emotional intelligence)—and helping our children do the same. Like learning to play a musical instrument, we can fine-tune our ability to skillfully react to those crazy, wonderful, big feelings that naturally arise from our child’s constant growth and changes, moving from chaos to harmony. We want our children to trust that they can conquer any challenge with hard work and persistence; that they can love boundlessly; that they will find their unique sense of purpose; and they will act wisely in a complex world. This book shows you how. With author and educator Jennifer Miller as your supportive guide, you'll learn: the lies we’ve been told about emotions, how they shape our choices, and how we can reshape our parenting decisions in better alignment with our deepest values. how to identify the temperaments your child was born with so you can support those tendencies rather than fight them. how to align your biggest hopes and dreams for your kids with specific skills that can be practiced, along with new research to support those powerful connections. about each age and stage your child goes through and the range of learning opportunities available. how to identify and manage those big emotions (that only the parenting process can bring out in us!) and how to model emotional intelligence for your children. how to deal with the emotions and influences of your choir—the many outside individuals and communities who directly impact your child’s life, including school, the digital world, extended family, neighbors, and friends. Raising confident, centered, happy kids—while feeling the same way about yourself—is possible with Confident Parents, Confident Kids. |
| agree or disagree questions: Question Evaluation Methods Jennifer Madans, Kristen Miller, Aaron Maitland, Gordon B. Willis, 2011-10-14 Insightful observations on common question evaluation methods and best practices for data collection in survey research Featuring contributions from leading researchers and academicians in the field of survey research, Question Evaluation Methods: Contributing to the Science of Data Quality sheds light on question response error and introduces an interdisciplinary, cross-method approach that is essential for advancing knowledge about data quality and ensuring the credibility of conclusions drawn from surveys and censuses. Offering a variety of expert analyses of question evaluation methods, the book provides recommendations and best practices for researchers working with data in the health and social sciences. Based on a workshop held at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), this book presents and compares various question evaluation methods that are used in modern-day data collection and analysis. Each section includes an introduction to a method by a leading authority in the field, followed by responses from other experts that outline related strengths, weaknesses, and underlying assumptions. Topics covered include: Behavior coding Cognitive interviewing Item response theory Latent class analysis Split-sample experiments Multitrait-multimethod experiments Field-based data methods A concluding discussion identifies common themes across the presented material and their relevance to the future of survey methods, data analysis, and the production of Federal statistics. Together, the methods presented in this book offer researchers various scientific approaches to evaluating survey quality to ensure that the responses to these questions result in reliable, high-quality data. Question Evaluation Methods is a valuable supplement for courses on questionnaire design, survey methods, and evaluation methods at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. it also serves as a reference for government statisticians, survey methodologists, and researchers and practitioners who carry out survey research in the areas of the social and health sciences. |
| agree or disagree questions: Designing Quality Survey Questions , |
| agree or disagree questions: Teaching in the Art Museum Rika Burnham, Elliott Kai-Kee, 2011 Teaching in the Art Museum investigates the mission, history, theory, practice, and future prospects of museum education. In this book Rika Burnham and Elliott Kai-Kee define and articulate a new approach to gallery teaching, one that offers groups of visitors deep and meaningful experiences of interpreting art works through a process of intense, sustained looking and thoughtfully facilitated dialogue.--[book cover]. |
| agree or disagree questions: The Handbook of Attitudes Dolores Albarracin, Blair T. Johnson, Mark P. Zanna, 2014-04-04 This new handbook presents, synthesizes, and integrates the existing knowledge of methods, theories, and data in attitudes. The editors' goal is to promote an understanding of the broader principles underlying attitudes across several disciplines. Divided into three parts: one on definitions and methods; another on the relations of attitudes with beliefs, behavior, and affect; and a final one that integrates these relations into the broader areas of cognitive processes, communication and persuasion, social influence, and applications, the handbook also features an innovative chapter on implicit versus explicit attitudes. With contributions from the top specialists, this handbook features unique collaborations between researchers, some who have never before worked together. Every writer was encouraged to work from as unbiased a perspective as possible. A must have for researchers in the areas of social, political, health, clinical, counseling, and consumer psychology, marketing, and communication, the handbook will also serve as an excellent reference for advanced courses on attitudes in a variety of departments. |
| agree or disagree questions: Advances in Telephone Survey Methodology James M. Lepkowski, N. Clyde Tucker, J. Michael Brick, Edith D. de Leeuw, Lilli Japec, Paul J. Lavrakas, Michael W. Link, Roberta L. Sangster, 2008-01-07 A complete and comprehensive collaboration providing insight on future approaches to telephone survey methodology Over the past fifteen years, advances in technology have transformed the field of survey methodology, from how interviews are conducted to the management and analysis of compiled data. Advances in Telephone Survey Methodology is an all—encompassing and authoritative resource that presents a theoretical, methodological, and statistical treatment of current practices while also establishing a discussion on how state—of—the—art developments in telecommunications have and will continue to revolutionize the telephone survey process. Seventy—five prominent international researchers and practitioners from government, academic, and private sectors have collaborated on this pioneering volume to discuss basic survey techniques and introduce the future directions of the telephone survey. Concepts and findings are organized in four parts—sampling and estimation, data collection, operations, and nonresponse—equipping the reader with the needed practical applications to approach issues such as choice of target population, sample design, questionnaire construction, interviewing training, and measurement error. The book also introduces important topics that have been overlooked in previous literature, including: The impact of mobile telephones on telephone surveys and the rising presence of mobile—only households worldwide The design and construction of questionnaires using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) software The emerging use of wireless communication and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) versus the telephone Methods for measuring and improving interviewer performance and productivity Privacy, confidentiality, and respondent burden as main factors in telephone survey nonresponse Procedures for the adjustment of nonresponse in telephone surveys In—depth reviews of the literature presented along with a full bibliography, assembled from references throughout the world Advances in Telephone Survey Methodology is an indispensable reference for survey researchers and practitioners in almost any discipline involving research methods such as sociology, social psychology, survey methodology, and statistics. This book also serves as an excellent text for courses and seminars on survey methods at the undergraduate and graduate levels. |
| agree or disagree questions: Performance-focused Smile Sheets Will Thalheimer, 2016 This book, Performance-Focused Smile Sheets, completely reimagines the smile sheet as an essential tool to drive performance improvement. Traditional smile sheets (i.e., learner response forms, student reaction forms) don't work! Decades of practice shows them to have negligible benefits. Scientific studies prove that traditional smile sheets are not correlated with learning results! Yet still we rely on smile sheets to make critical decisions about our learning interventions. In this book, Dr. Will Thalheimer carefully builds the case for a new methodology in smile-sheet design. Based on the learning research, Performance-Focused Smile Sheets shows how to write better questions, more focused on performance. The book also shows how to deploy smile sheets to our learners to get valid feedback--feedback that can be used to help us as trainers, instructional designers, teachers, professors, eLearning developers, and chief learning officers build virtuous cycles of continuous improvement. |
| agree or disagree questions: Improving Survey Questions Floyd J. Fowler, 1995-07-21 Questions as Measures An Overview Designing Questions to Gather Factual Data Questions to Measure Subjective States Some General Rules for Designing Good Survey Instruments Presurvey Evaluation of Questions Assessing the Validity of Survey Questions Question Design and Evaluation Issues in Perspective. |
| agree or disagree questions: Polling UnPacked Mark Pack, 2022-05-13 From a political-polling expert, an eye-opening—and hilarious—look at the origins of polls and how they have been used and abused ever since. Opinion polls dominate media coverage of politics, especially elections. But how do the polls work? How do we tell the good from the bad? And in light of recent polling disasters, can we trust them at all? Polling UnPacked gives us the full story, from the first rudimentary polls in the nineteenth century, through attempts by politicians to ban polling in the twentieth century, to the very latest techniques and controversies from the last few years. Equal parts enlightening and hilarious, the book requires no prior knowledge of polling or statistics to understand. But even hardened pollsters will find much to enjoy, from how polling has been used to help plan military invasions to why an exhausted interviewer was accidentally instrumental in inventing exit polls. Written by a former political pollster and the creator of Britain’s foremost polling-intention database, Polling UnPacked reveals which opinion polls to trust, which to ignore, and which, frankly, to laugh at. It will change the way we see political coverage forever. |
| agree or disagree questions: Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods Paul J. Lavrakas, 2008-09-12 In conjunction with top survey researchers around the world and with Nielsen Media Research serving as the corporate sponsor, the Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods presents state-of-the-art information and methodological examples from the field of survey research. Although there are other how-to guides and references texts on survey research, none is as comprehensive as this Encyclopedia, and none presents the material in such a focused and approachable manner. With more than 600 entries, this resource uses a Total Survey Error perspective that considers all aspects of possible survey error from a cost-benefit standpoint. |
| agree or disagree questions: Survey Research Methods Floyd J. Fowler, 2009 This Fourth Edition of Floyd J. Fowler's bestselling Survey Research Methods presents the very latest methodological knowledge on surveys. It provides students and researchers who want to collect, analyze, or read about survey data with a sound basis for evaluating how each aspect of a survey can affect its precision, accuracy, and credibility. Offering a concise overview of the entire survey research process in clear and easy-to-understand language, the book is well suited to a wide range of readers, including those without strong statistical backgrounds. Survey Research Methods is appropriate for undergraduate courses in research methods in the social sciences, as well as for master degree level research methods courses.--BOOK JACKET. |
| agree or disagree questions: Brave Talk Melody Stanford Martin, 2020-09-22 When we disagree about fundamental issues, especially issues such as politics or religion, it can be incredibly difficult to maintain close interpersonal relationships. These differences have ended friendships and caused rifts in families. We need a tool to help us build more resilient relationships despite real and present differences. In Brave Talk, communications expert Melody Stanford Martin offers just such a tool: impasse. By learning to treat every conflict as if it's an impasse and temporarily suspend our desire to resolve differences, we make space for deeper understanding and stronger ties. Brave Talk offers hands-on skill-building in critical thinking, power sharing, and rhetoric. Combining real-life storytelling, engaging illustrations, and rigorous academic sources, this book blends humor, creativity, and interactive learning to help everyday people develop better skills for navigating conflict in order to build stronger relationships and healthier communities. |
| agree or disagree questions: Politics and the English Language George Orwell, 2021-01-01 George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Politics and the English Language, the second in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell takes aim at the language used in politics, which, he says, ‘is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind’. In an age where the language used in politics is constantly under the microscope, Orwell’s Politics and the English Language is just as relevant today, and gives the reader a vital understanding of the tactics at play. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times |
| agree or disagree questions: Handbook of Survey Research Peter V. Marsden, James D. Wright, 2010-04-28 With chapters on: sampling; measurement; questionnaire construction and question writing; survey implementation and management; survey data analysis; special types of surveys; and integrating surveys with other data collection methods, this title includes topics such as measurement models, the role of cognitive psychology, and surveying networks. |
| agree or disagree questions: Polling America [2 volumes] Richard L. Clark, Kelly N. Foster, Samuel J. Best, Benjamin Radcliff, 2020-08-04 This work provides an authoritative overview of the composition of public opinion in America, the methodologies by which public opinion is measured, and the importance of polling to U.S. politics, policy, and culture. This revised edition is a comprehensive resource for understanding all aspects of public opinion polling in the United States, including major and emerging theories and concepts; historical and current methodologies; political, journalistic, and corporate uses; landmark events and developments in the history of polling; and influential people and organizations. The encyclopedia also illuminates how public opinion polling has become important in shaping the trajectory of American society and the views that Americans have about themselves and their fellow citizens. Specific big-picture topics explored include how data mining of internet and social media usage trends has shaped modern political and business advertising campaigns; the impact of politically partisan media outlets on public opinion; and attitudes of various sectors of the American electorate about diverse topics including gun control, abortion, immigration, marijuana legalization, and the nation's two main political parties. |
| agree or disagree questions: Questions of English Robin Peel, Annette Hinman Patterson, Jeanne Marcum Gerlach, 2000 Offers a lively and accessible guide through past and present debates about the English curriculum which will appeal to students and practising teachers. |
| agree or disagree questions: The Handbook of Attitudes, Volume 1: Basic Principles Dolores Albarracin, Blair T. Johnson, 2018-10-10 Attitudes are evaluations of people, places, things, and ideas. They help us to navigate through a complex world. They provide guidance for decisions about which products to buy, how to travel to work, or where to go on vacation. They color our perceptions of others. Carefully crafted interventions can change attitudes and behavior. Yet, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior are often formed and changed in casual social exchanges. The mere perception that other people favor something, say, rich people, may be sufficient to make another person favor it. People’s own actions also influence their attitudes, such that they adjust to be more supportive of the actions. People’s belief systems even change to align with and support their preferences, which at its extreme is a form of denial for which people lack awareness. These two volumes provide authoritative, critical surveys of theory and research about attitudes, beliefs, persuasion, and behavior from key authors in these areas. The first volume covers theoretical notions about attitudes, the beliefs and behaviors to which they are linked, and the degree to which they are held outside of awareness. It also discusses motivational and cultural determinants of attitudes, influences of attitudes on behavior, and communication and persuasion. The second volume covers applications to measurement, behavior prediction, and interventions in the areas of cancer, HIV, substance use, diet, and exercise, as well as in politics, intergroup relations, aggression, migrations, advertising, accounting, education, and the environment. |
| agree or disagree questions: Pro Tableau Seema Acharya, Subhashini Chellappan, 2016-12-23 Leverage the power of visualization in business intelligence and data science to make quicker and better decisions. Use statistics and data mining to make compelling and interactive dashboards. This book will help those familiar with Tableau software chart their journey to being a visualization expert. Pro Tableau demonstrates the power of visual analytics and teaches you how to: Connect to various data sources such as spreadsheets, text files, relational databases (Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, etc.), non-relational databases (NoSQL such as MongoDB, Cassandra), R data files, etc. Write your own custom SQL, etc. Perform statistical analysis in Tableau using R Use a multitude of charts (pie, bar, stacked bar, line, scatter plots, dual axis, histograms, heat maps, tree maps, highlight tables, box and whisker, etc.) What you’ll learn Connect to various data sources such as relational databases (Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL), non-relational databases (NoSQL such as MongoDB, Cassandra), write your own custom SQL, join and blend data sources, etc. Leverage table calculations (moving average, year over year growth, LOD (Level of Detail), etc. Integrate Tableau with R Tell a compelling story with data by creating highly interactive dashboards Who this book is for All levels of IT professionals, from executives responsible for determining IT strategies to systems administrators, to data analysts, to decision makers responsible for driving strategic initiatives, etc. The book will help those familiar with Tableau software chart their journey to a visualization expert. |
| agree or disagree questions: Careers in Criminal Justice Coy H. Johnston, 2018-01-17 Careers in Criminal Justice, Second Edition prepares students to plan, pursue, and realize their career goals—from conception through the hiring process. Coy H. Johnston’s contemporary approach emphasizes student self-reflection and pragmatism in the pursuit of self-fulfillment and professionalism. With coverage of over forty careers in policing, courts, corrections, and victim services, students receive a comprehensive overview of the most popular and growing careers in the field. Self-assessment tools enhance the student’s self-awareness and steer them toward realistic and suitable careers in criminal justice. This easy-to-read guide is organized to prepare and encourage growth throughout the student’s career. New to the Second Edition: A new chapter titled Volunteering and Internship (Chapter 9) guides readers through the importance and process of early involvement in the field to create a more enticing resume. Three new Guest Speaker profiles offer students new perspectives and practical advice for a variety of careers and geographical areas. New career assessment tools are included to help students realize their compatibility with various careers in the criminal justice field. Expanded coverage of information in critical areas such as private prisons, careers in the judiciary, and resume building ensure students are receiving a balanced introduction to criminal justice careers. |
| agree or disagree questions: Disagreeing Agreeably Glen Smith, 2019-06-18 This book facilitates civil discussion of controversial political issues. Unique to this book is a section that explains how to discuss politics without feeling angry or hostile toward people who hold different beliefs. In addition, the book provides concise and accessible debates of contemporary policy issues including gun control, immigration, the Electoral College, voting, and affirmative action. For each topic, readers are shown that opposing arguments are based on values and concerns that are widely shared by most people regardless of their political leanings. Perfect for students, professors, and citizens alike, this book promotes civility without shying away from controversy. |
| agree or disagree questions: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Science Research Methods Michael Lewis-Beck, Alan E Bryman, Tim Futing Liao, 2004 Featuring over 900 entries, this resource covers all disciplines within the social sciences with both concise definitions & in-depth essays. |
| agree or disagree questions: Survey Research Methods Floyd J Fowler, Jr, 2013-09-18 The Fifth Edition of Floyd J. Fowler Jr.’s bestselling Survey Research Methods presents the very latest methodological knowledge on surveys. Offering a sound basis for evaluating how each aspect of a survey can affect its precision, accuracy, and credibility, the book guides readers through each step of the survey research process. This fully updated edition addresses the growth of the Internet for data collection and the subsequent rapid expansion of online survey usage, the precipitous drop in response rates for telephone surveys, the continued improvement in techniques for pre-survey evaluation of questions, and the growing role of individual cell phones in addition to—and often instead of—household landlines. Throughout the book, the author puts the profound changes taking place in the survey research world today into perspective, helping researchers learn how to best use new and traditional options for collecting data. |
| agree or disagree questions: CFA Navigator - Level 3 Question Bank BPP Learning Media, 2013-01-01 CFA Navigator - Level 3 Question Bank |
| agree or disagree questions: Radical Candor Kim Malone Scott, 2017-03-28 Radical Candor is the sweet spot between managers who are obnoxiously aggressive on the one side and ruinously empathetic on the other. It is about providing guidance, which involves a mix of praise as well as criticism, delivered to produce better results and help employees develop their skills and boundaries of success. Great bosses have a strong relationship with their employees, and Kim Scott Malone has identified three simple principles for building better relationships with your employees: make it personal, get stuff done, and understand why it matters. Radical Candor offers a guide to those bewildered or exhausted by management, written for bosses and those who manage bosses. Drawing on years of first-hand experience, and distilled clearly to give actionable lessons to the reader, Radical Candor shows how to be successful while retaining your integrity and humanity. Radical Candor is the perfect handbook for those who are looking to find meaning in their job and create an environment where people both love their work, their colleagues and are motivated to strive to ever greater success. |
| agree or disagree questions: Social Media and Politics Glenn W. Richardson Jr., 2016-11-21 This two-volume set explores the various ways social media are profoundly changing politics in America. The last decade has seen dramatic changes in the U.S. political process. The advent of social media and other new forms of expression have enabled an unprecedented number of citizens to enter the political arena by expressing their opinions about issues and candidates in ways that can influence untold numbers of voters and officials. But the vast majority of politicians have not fully grasped how social media has fundamentally changed the process of communication or adjusted to the dramatic shift in political power that is taking place. Written by experts on the intersections of politics, public opinion, and popular culture, this book examines how new media have brought political power to the people like never before, provided new channels through which politicians communicate and attempt to influence public opinion, and caused a game-changing shift in political power. Volume one focuses on how savvy politicians are learning to communicate in new ways via new media in order to enhance their political appeal. The second volume examines the various ways in which individuals or groups who use new/social media are affecting voters' decisions, applying pressure to elected or appointed officials, and influencing the direction of the country. |
| agree or disagree questions: Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice Ronet D. Bachman, Russell K. Schutt, Peggy S. Plass, 2015-12-19 Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice: With Selected Readings is a unique resource for understanding the multifaceted subject of research methods in the field of criminology and criminal justice, amply illustrated by carefully selected and edited research articles from the leading journals in the field. Each of these articles features an introduction, written to draw the student’s attention to the specific concept(s) from the chapter that are illustrated in the article, and a series of questions about the article, designed to help the student think critically about and reflect on these concepts. In this way, students not only learn how to conduct research, but also learn why it is important to do so. Building off the widely adopted Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice, the additional readings increase students’ understanding of complex issues being investigated in the field today and how those issues are being researched. Additional instructor resources and study tools can be found online |
| agree or disagree questions: Hughes' American Parliamentary Guide Edward Wakefield Hughes, 1928 |
| agree or disagree questions: Textbook of Palliative Nursing Department of Nursing Education and Research City of Hope National Medical Center Betty R. Ferrell Research Scientist, Supportive Care Program Nessa Coyle Director, Pain & Palliative Service Department of Neurology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 2005-11-10 Originally published in 2001, the Textbook of Palliative Nursing has become the standard text for the field of hospice and palliative care nursing. In this new edition, the authors and editors have updated each chapter to ensure that the content is evidence-based and current references are included. They also have retained the important focus on case studies throughout the text and practical, clinically-relevant tables, figures, and other resources. Like the previous edition, this text has an introductory section of the general principles of palliative care followed by a comprehensive section on symptom assessment and management encompassing twenty-one different symptoms. Other key sections include psychosocial support and spiritual care, providing holistic perspective on care of patients facing advanced disease. The text also includes an innovative section on special populations addressing those most in need of palliative care. The textbook is a useful resource for all nurses with the excellent section on end-of-life care across settings. In this new edition, the pediatric palliative care section has been greatly expanded and includes seven separate chapters on pediatric care. It includes a section on special issues addressing topics such as ethical considerations, nursing research, and public policy perspectives and concludes with a section presenting models of excellence including six international models. This edition also offers a narrative on dying based on a spouse's perspective. The text includes an appendix with an extensive list of resources for nurses in the field. |
| agree or disagree questions: The Good Politician Nick Clarke, Will Jennings, Jonathan Moss, Gerry Stoker, 2018-04-26 Surveys show a lack of trust in political actors and institutions across much of the democratic world. Populist politicians and parties attempt to capitalise on this political disaffection. Commentators worry about our current 'age of anti-politics'. Focusing on the United Kingdom, using responses to public opinion surveys alongside diaries and letters collected by Mass Observation, this book takes a long view of anti-politics going back to the 1940s. This historical perspective reveals how anti-politics has grown in scope and intensity over the last half-century. Such growth is explained by citizens' changing images of 'the good politician' and changing modes of political interaction between politicians and citizens. Current efforts to reform and improve democracy will benefit greatly from the new evidence and conceptual framework set out in this important study. |
| agree or disagree questions: Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology Thomas B. Jabine, 1984 |
| agree or disagree questions: From Sheikhs to Sultanism Christopher M. Davidson, 2022-01-15 Muhammad bin Salman Al-Saud and Muhammad bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, the respective princely strongmen of Saudi Arabia and the UAE, have torn up the old rules. They have spurred game-changing economic master plans, presided over vast anti-corruption crackdowns, tackled entrenched religious forces, and overseen the mass arrest of critics. In parallel, they also appear to have replaced the old 'sheikhly' consensus systems of their predecessors with something more autocratic, more personalistic, and perhaps even analytically distinct. These are the two wealthiest and most populous Gulf monarchies, and increasingly important global powers--Saudi Arabia is a G20 member, and the UAE will be the host of the World Expo in 2021-2022. Such sweeping changes to their statecraft and authority structures could well end up having a direct impact, for better or worse, on policies, economies and individual lives all around the world. Christopher M. Davidson tests the hypothesis that Saudi Arabia and the UAE are now effectively contemporary or even 'advanced' sultanates, and situates these influential states within an international model of autocratic authoritarianism. Drawing on a range of primary sources, including new interviews and surveys, From Sheikhs to Sultanism puts forward an original, empirically grounded interpretation of the rise of both MBS and MBZ. |
| agree or disagree questions: Public Program Evaluation Laura Langbein, 2016-07-08 First Published in 2007. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company. |
| agree or disagree questions: A Companion to Survey Research Michael Ornstein, 2013-03-22 A Companion to Survey Research provides a critical overview and guide to survey methods. Rather than a set of formulas, survey design is understood as a craft where the translation of research questions into a questionnaire, sample design and data collection strategy is based on understanding how respondents answer questions and their willingness to complete a survey. Following an account of the invention of survey research in the 1930s, a synthesis of research on question design is followed by a practical guide to designing a questionnaire. Chapters on sampling, which deal with the statistical basis of survey sampling and practical design issues, are followed by extensive discussions of survey pretesting and data collection. The book concludes with a discussion of the extent and implications of falling response rates. This book is written for researchers, analysts and policy makers who want to understand the survey data they use, for researchers and students who want to conduct a survey, and for anyone who wants to understand contemporary survey research. |
| agree or disagree questions: Collecting, Managing, and Assessing Data Using Sample Surveys Peter Stopher, 2012-01-19 A step-by-step guide to the design and implementation of surveys. |
| agree or disagree questions: Research Anthology on Nursing Education and Overcoming Challenges in the Workplace Management Association, Information Resources, 2021-06-25 Nursing care professionals are an essential part of the medical profession, known for their care and the assistance that they offer to patients. However, nurses must also tackle the challenges of the modern workplace, including the utilization of new technologies, gender inequity, negative workplace environments including navigating exclusionary behaviors such as incivility and bullying and relieving stress and burnout. As such, it is crucial for nurses, nurse managers, and other medical professionals to remain up to date with the latest education and training techniques and discussions surrounding the significant challenges that nurses face. The Research Anthology on Nursing Education and Overcoming Challenges in the Workplace is a comprehensive reference book that compiles numerous chapters on the latest training and educational strategies for nurses and discusses challenges facing this branch of the medical field. The anthology presents challenges common within the medical field and techniques used to solve or prevent them as well as nurse perspectives on new medical technologies and their perceived use and performance. Covering topics such as e-training, ethics, patient safety, burnout, incivility, and more, this text provides essential information for nurses, teachers, care professionals, hospital staff, managers, practitioners, medical professionals, nursing home and care facilities, academicians, researchers, and students. |
| agree or disagree questions: Congressional Record United States. Congress, 1968 The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873) |
AGREE Definition & Meaning - Merria…
The meaning of AGREE is to concur in (something, such as an opinion) : admit, concede. How to use …
936 Synonyms & Antonyms for AGR…
Find 936 different ways to say AGREE, along with antonyms, related …
AGREE | English meaning - Cambrid…
AGREE definition: 1. to have the same opinion: 2. to decide something …
AGREE Definition & Meaning | Dictionar…
Agree, the general term, suggests compliance in response to any degree of persuasion or …
Agree - definition of agree by The Free …
1. to be of one mind; harmonize in opinion or feeling (often fol. by with): I agree with you. 2. to …
AGREE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of AGREE is to concur in (something, such as an opinion) : admit, concede. How to use agree in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Agree.
936 Synonyms & Antonyms for AGREE - Thesaurus.com
Find 936 different ways to say AGREE, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
AGREE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
AGREE definition: 1. to have the same opinion: 2. to decide something together: 3. to accept a suggestion or idea: . Learn more.
AGREE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Agree, the general term, suggests compliance in response to any degree of persuasion or opposition: to agree to go; to agree to a meeting, to a wish, request, demand, ultimatum.
Agree - definition of agree by The Free Dictionary
1. to be of one mind; harmonize in opinion or feeling (often fol. by with): I agree with you. 2. to have the same opinion (often fol. by on or upon): We don't agree on politics. 3. to give …
AGREE - Meaning & Translations | Collins English Dictionary
Master the word "AGREE" in English: definitions, translations, synonyms, pronunciations, examples, and grammar insights - all in one complete resource.
Agree - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
When you agree with someone, you share the same opinion, feeling, or purpose, like when you agree on the movie you will go see on Saturday afternoon. If we were living in 12th century …
