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| clique problem np complete: Algorithms Sanjoy Dasgupta, Christos H. Papadimitriou, Umesh Virkumar Vazirani, 2006 This text, extensively class-tested over a decade at UC Berkeley and UC San Diego, explains the fundamentals of algorithms in a story line that makes the material enjoyable and easy to digest. Emphasis is placed on understanding the crisp mathematical idea behind each algorithm, in a manner that is intuitive and rigorous without being unduly formal. Features include:The use of boxes to strengthen the narrative: pieces that provide historical context, descriptions of how the algorithms are used in practice, and excursions for the mathematically sophisticated. Carefully chosen advanced topics that can be skipped in a standard one-semester course but can be covered in an advanced algorithms course or in a more leisurely two-semester sequence.An accessible treatment of linear programming introduces students to one of the greatest achievements in algorithms. An optional chapter on the quantum algorithm for factoring provides a unique peephole into this exciting topic. In addition to the text DasGupta also offers a Solutions Manual which is available on the Online Learning Center.Algorithms is an outstanding undergraduate text equally informed by the historical roots and contemporary applications of its subject. Like a captivating novel it is a joy to read. Tim Roughgarden Stanford University |
| clique problem np complete: P, NP, and NP-Completeness Oded Goldreich, 2010-08-16 The focus of this book is the P versus NP Question and the theory of NP-completeness. It also provides adequate preliminaries regarding computational problems and computational models. The P versus NP Question asks whether or not finding solutions is harder than checking the correctness of solutions. An alternative formulation asks whether or not discovering proofs is harder than verifying their correctness. It is widely believed that the answer to these equivalent formulations is positive, and this is captured by saying that P is different from NP. Although the P versus NP Question remains unresolved, the theory of NP-completeness offers evidence for the intractability of specific problems in NP by showing that they are universal for the entire class. Amazingly enough, NP-complete problems exist, and furthermore hundreds of natural computational problems arising in many different areas of mathematics and science are NP-complete. |
| clique problem np complete: Design and Analysis of Algorithms V. V. Muniswamy, 2013-12-30 This book is designed for the way we learn and intended for one-semester course in Design and Analysis of Algorithms . This is a very useful guide for graduate and undergraduate students and teachers of computer science. This book provides a coherent and pedagogically sound framework for learning and teaching. Its breadth of coverage insures that algorithms are carefully and comprehensively discussed with figures and tracing of algorithms. Carefully developing topics with sufficient detail, this text enables students to learn about concepts on their own, offering instructors flexibility and allowing them to use the text as lecture reinforcement.Key Features: Focuses on simple explanations of techniques that can be applied to real-world problems. Presents algorithms with self-explanatory pseudocode. Covers a broad range of algorithms in depth, yet makes their design and analysis accessible to all levels of readers. Includes chapter summary, self-test quiz and exercises at the end of each chapter. Key to quizzes and solutions to exercises are given in appendices. |
| clique problem np complete: Introduction To Algorithms Thomas H Cormen, Charles E Leiserson, Ronald L Rivest, Clifford Stein, 2001 An extensively revised edition of a mathematically rigorous yet accessible introduction to algorithms. |
| clique problem np complete: Theory of computation Dr.N.Venkatesan, |
| clique problem np complete: Automata Theory, Languages of Machines and Computability Shivam Saxena, 2018-02-05 The book is all about the automata, formal language theory and computability. Automata theory plays important roles in compilers, text processing, programming languages, hardware designs and artificial intelligence and is the core base of computer science studies. The intent is to make automata theory interesting and challenging and break the myth of being a tough topic. For that matter, topics are covered in an easy to understand manner with the help of elaborative and well descripted examples. For topics which are little complex and fuzzy to understand, strategy adopted is to connect the topic with the everyday problems we encounter, in order to develop a connective understanding of the topic and get a clear view of the topic. Exercise questions are provided with the answers to understand the solution easily. The prospective audience for the book are computer science engineering students. Computer science scholars and people preparing for competitive exams like GATE, UGC-NET, etc. |
| clique problem np complete: Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science Petr Kolman, Jan Kratochvíl, 2011-12-01 This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 37th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, WG 2011, held at Teplá Monastery, Czech Republic, in June 2011. The 28 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The workshop aims at merging theory and practice by demonstrating how concepts from graph theory can be applied to various areas in computer science, and by extracting new graph theoretic problems from applications. |
| clique problem np complete: Algorithms and Data Structures Kurt Mehlhorn, Peter Sanders, 2008-06-23 This concise introduction is ideal for readers familiar with programming and basic mathematical language. It uses pictures, words and high-level pseudocode to explain algorithms and presents efficient implementations using real programming languages. |
| clique problem np complete: Geodesic Convexity in Graphs Ignacio M. Pelayo, 2013-09-06 Geodesic Convexity in Graphs is devoted to the study of the geodesic convexity on finite, simple, connected graphs. The first chapter includes the main definitions and results on graph theory, metric graph theory and graph path convexities. The following chapters focus exclusively on the geodesic convexity, including motivation and background, specific definitions, discussion and examples, results, proofs, exercises and open problems. The main and most studied parameters involving geodesic convexity in graphs are both the geodetic and the hull number which are defined as the cardinality of minimum geodetic and hull set, respectively. This text reviews various results, obtained during the last one and a half decade, relating these two invariants and some others such as convexity number, Steiner number, geodetic iteration number, Helly number, and Caratheodory number to a wide range a contexts, including products, boundary-type vertex sets, and perfect graph families. This monograph can serve as a supplement to a half-semester graduate course in geodesic convexity but is primarily a guide for postgraduates and researchers interested in topics related to metric graph theory and graph convexity theory. |
| clique problem np complete: DESIGN METHODS AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS S. K. BASU, 2005-01-01 The design of correct and efficient algorithms for problem solving lies at the heart of computer science. This concise text, without being highly specialized, teaches the skills needed to master the essentials of this subject. With clear explanations and engaging writing style, the book places increased emphasis on algorithm design techniques rather than programming in order to develop in the reader the problem-solving skills. The treatment throughout the book is primarily tailored to the curriculum needs of B.Tech students in computer science and engineering, B.Sc. (Hons.) and M.Sc. students in computer science, and MCA students. The book focuses on the standard algorithm design methods and the concepts are illustrated through representative examples to offer a reader-friendly text. Elementary analysis of time complexities is provided for each example-algorithm. A varied collection of exercises at the end of each chapter serves to reinforce the principles/methods involved. |
| clique problem np complete: LATIN 2004: Theoretical Informatics Martin Farach-Colton, 2004-02-20 This volume contains the proceedings of the Latin American Theoretical Inf- matics (LATIN) conference that was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 5–8, 2004. The LATIN series of symposia was launched in 1992 to foster interactions between the Latin American community and computer scientists around the world. This was the sixth event in the series, following S ̃ ao Paulo, Brazil (1992), Valparaiso, Chile (1995), Campinas, Brazil (1998), Punta del Este, Uruguay (2000), and Cancun, Mexico (2002). The proceedings of these conferences were also published by Springer-Verlag in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series: Volumes 583, 911, 1380, 1776, and 2286, respectively. Also, as before, we published a selection of the papers in a special issue of a prestigious journal. We received 178 submissions. Each paper was assigned to four program c- mittee members, and 59 papers were selected. This was 80% more than the previous record for the number of submissions. We feel lucky to have been able to build on the solid foundation provided by the increasingly successful previous LATINs. And we are very grateful for the tireless work of Pablo Mart ́ ?nez L ́ opez, the Local Arrangements Chair. Finally, we thank Springer-Verlag for publishing these proceedings in its LNCS series. |
| clique problem np complete: Foundations of Algorithms Richard Neapolitan, 2014-03-05 Foundations of Algorithms, Fifth Edition offers a well-balanced presentation of algorithm design, complexity analysis of algorithms, and computational complexity. Ideal for any computer science students with a background in college algebra and discrete structures, the text presents mathematical concepts using standard English and simple notation to maximize accessibility and user-friendliness. Concrete examples, appendices reviewing essential mathematical concepts, and a student-focused approach reinforce theoretical explanations and promote learning and retention. C++ and Java pseudocode help students better understand complex algorithms. A chapter on numerical algorithms includes a review of basic number theory, Euclid's Algorithm for finding the greatest common divisor, a review of modular arithmetic, an algorithm for solving modular linear equations, an algorithm for computing modular powers, and the new polynomial-time algorithm for determining whether a number is prime.The revised and updated Fifth Edition features an all-new chapter on genetic algorithms and genetic programming, including approximate solutions to the traveling salesperson problem, an algorithm for an artificial ant that navigates along a trail of food, and an application to financial trading. With fully updated exercises and examples throughout and improved instructor resources including complete solutions, an Instructor’s Manual and PowerPoint lecture outlines, Foundations of Algorithms is an essential text for undergraduate and graduate courses in the design and analysis of algorithms. Key features include:• The only text of its kind with a chapter on genetic algorithms• Use of C++ and Java pseudocode to help students better understand complex algorithms• No calculus background required• Numerous clear and student-friendly examples throughout the text• Fully updated exercises and examples throughout• Improved instructor resources, including complete solutions, an Instructor’s Manual, and PowerPoint lecture outlines |
| clique problem np complete: Algorithms: Design Techniques And Analysis M H Alsuwaiyel, 1999-08-30 Problem solving is an essential part of every scientific discipline. It has two components: (1) problem identification and formulation, and (2) solution of the formulated problem. One can solve a problem on its own using ad hoc techniques or follow those techniques that have produced efficient solutions to similar problems. This requires the understanding of various algorithm design techniques, how and when to use them to formulate solutions and the context appropriate for each of them. This book advocates the study of algorithm design techniques by presenting most of the useful algorithm design techniques and illustrating them through numerous examples. |
| clique problem np complete: Algorithms Unlocked Thomas H. Cormen, 2013-03-01 For anyone who has ever wondered how computers solve problems, an engagingly written guide for nonexperts to the basics of computer algorithms. Have you ever wondered how your GPS can find the fastest way to your destination, selecting one route from seemingly countless possibilities in mere seconds? How your credit card account number is protected when you make a purchase over the Internet? The answer is algorithms. And how do these mathematical formulations translate themselves into your GPS, your laptop, or your smart phone? This book offers an engagingly written guide to the basics of computer algorithms. In Algorithms Unlocked, Thomas Cormen—coauthor of the leading college textbook on the subject—provides a general explanation, with limited mathematics, of how algorithms enable computers to solve problems. Readers will learn what computer algorithms are, how to describe them, and how to evaluate them. They will discover simple ways to search for information in a computer; methods for rearranging information in a computer into a prescribed order (“sorting”); how to solve basic problems that can be modeled in a computer with a mathematical structure called a “graph” (useful for modeling road networks, dependencies among tasks, and financial relationships); how to solve problems that ask questions about strings of characters such as DNA structures; the basic principles behind cryptography; fundamentals of data compression; and even that there are some problems that no one has figured out how to solve on a computer in a reasonable amount of time. |
| clique problem np complete: Theory of Computational Complexity Ding-Zhu Du, Ker-I Ko, 2011-10-24 A complete treatment of fundamentals and recent advances in complexity theory Complexity theory studies the inherent difficulties of solving algorithmic problems by digital computers. This comprehensive work discusses the major topics in complexity theory, including fundamental topics as well as recent breakthroughs not previously available in book form. Theory of Computational Complexity offers a thorough presentation of the fundamentals of complexity theory, including NP-completeness theory, the polynomial-time hierarchy, relativization, and the application to cryptography. It also examines the theory of nonuniform computational complexity, including the computational models of decision trees and Boolean circuits, and the notion of polynomial-time isomorphism. The theory of probabilistic complexity, which studies complexity issues related to randomized computation as well as interactive proof systems and probabilistically checkable proofs, is also covered. Extraordinary in both its breadth and depth, this volume: * Provides complete proofs of recent breakthroughs in complexity theory * Presents results in well-defined form with complete proofs and numerous exercises * Includes scores of graphs and figures to clarify difficult material An invaluable resource for researchers as well as an important guide for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, Theory of Computational Complexity is destined to become the standard reference in the field. |
| clique problem np complete: The Golden Ticket Lance Fortnow, 2017-02-28 The computer science problem whose solution could transform life as we know it The P-NP problem is the most important open problem in computer science, if not all of mathematics. Simply stated, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly checked by computer can also be quickly solved by computer. The Golden Ticket provides a nontechnical introduction to P-NP, its rich history, and its algorithmic implications for everything we do with computers and beyond. Lance Fortnow traces the history and development of P-NP, giving examples from a variety of disciplines, including economics, physics, and biology. He explores problems that capture the full difficulty of the P-NP dilemma, from discovering the shortest route through all the rides at Disney World to finding large groups of friends on Facebook. The Golden Ticket explores what we truly can and cannot achieve computationally, describing the benefits and unexpected challenges of this compelling problem. |
| clique problem np complete: The Nature of Computation Cristopher Moore, Stephan Mertens, 2011-08-12 Computational complexity is one of the most beautiful fields of modern mathematics, and it is increasingly relevant to other sciences ranging from physics to biology. But this beauty is often buried underneath layers of unnecessary formalism, and exciting recent results like interactive proofs, phase transitions, and quantum computing are usually considered too advanced for the typical student. This book bridges these gaps by explaining the deep ideas of theoretical computer science in a clear and enjoyable fashion, making them accessible to non-computer scientists and to computer scientists who finally want to appreciate their field from a new point of view. The authors start with a lucid and playful explanation of the P vs. NP problem, explaining why it is so fundamental, and so hard to resolve. They then lead the reader through the complexity of mazes and games; optimization in theory and practice; randomized algorithms, interactive proofs, and pseudorandomness; Markov chains and phase transitions; and the outer reaches of quantum computing. At every turn, they use a minimum of formalism, providing explanations that are both deep and accessible. The book is intended for graduate and undergraduate students, scientists from other areas who have long wanted to understand this subject, and experts who want to fall in love with this field all over again. |
| clique problem np complete: Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation Naveed A. Sherwani, 2007-05-08 Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation, Third Edition covers all aspects of physical design. The book is a core reference for graduate students and CAD professionals. For students, concepts and algorithms are presented in an intuitive manner. For CAD professionals, the material presents a balance of theory and practice. An extensive bibliography is provided which is useful for finding advanced material on a topic. At the end of each chapter, exercises are provided, which range in complexity from simple to research level. Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation, Third Edition provides a comprehensive background in the principles and algorithms of VLSI physical design. The goal of this book is to serve as a basis for the development of introductory-level graduate courses in VLSI physical design automation. It provides self-contained material for teaching and learning algorithms of physical design. All algorithms which are considered basic have been included, and are presented in an intuitive manner. Yet, at the same time, enough detail is provided so that readers can actually implement the algorithms given in the text and use them. The first three chapters provide the background material, while the focus of each chapter of the rest of the book is on each phase of the physical design cycle. In addition, newer topics such as physical design automation of FPGAs and MCMs have been included. The basic purpose of the third edition is to investigate the new challenges presented by interconnect and process innovations. In 1995 when the second edition of this book was prepared, a six-layer process and 15 million transistor microprocessors were in advanced stages of design. In 1998, six metal process and 20 million transistor designs are in production. Two new chapters have been added and new material has been included in almost allother chapters. A new chapter on process innovation and its impact on physical design has been added. Another focus of the third edition is to promote use of the Internet as a resource, so wherever possible URLs have been provided for further investigation. Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation, Third Edition is an important core reference work for professionals as well as an advanced level textbook for students. |
| clique problem np complete: Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science Fedor V. Fomin, 2006-10-19 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, WG 2006, held in Bergen, Norway in June 2006. The 30 revised full papers presented together with one invited paper were carefully selected from 91 submissions. The papers address all aspects of graph-theoretic concepts in computer science. |
| clique problem np complete: Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science Dieter Kratsch, Ioan Todinca, 2014-10-20 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 40th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, WG 2014, held in Nouan-le-Fuzelier, France, in June 2014. The 32 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 80 submissions. The book also includes two invited papers. The papers cover a wide range of topics in graph theory related to computer science, such as design and analysis of sequential, parallel, randomized, parameterized and distributed graph and network algorithms; structural graph theory with algorithmic or complexity applications; computational complexity of graph and network problems; graph grammars, graph rewriting systems and graph modeling; graph drawing and layouts; computational geometry; random graphs and models of the web and scale-free networks; and support of these concepts by suitable implementations and applications. |
| clique problem np complete: Advanced Graph Theory and Combinatorics Michel Rigo, 2016-12-27 Advanced Graph Theory focuses on some of the main notions arising in graph theory with an emphasis from the very start of the book on the possible applications of the theory and the fruitful links existing with linear algebra. The second part of the book covers basic material related to linear recurrence relations with application to counting and the asymptotic estimate of the rate of growth of a sequence satisfying a recurrence relation. |
| clique problem np complete: Problem Solving in Automata, Languages, and Complexity Ding-Zhu Du, Ker-I Ko, 2004-04-05 Automata and natural language theory are topics lying at the heart of computer science. Both are linked to computational complexity and together, these disciplines help define the parameters of what constitutes a computer, the structure of programs, which problems are solvable by computers, and a range of other crucial aspects of the practice of computer science. In this important volume, two respected authors/editors in the field offer accessible, practice-oriented coverage of these issues with an emphasis on refining core problem solving skills. |
| clique problem np complete: Complexity and Cryptography John Talbot, D. J. A. Welsh, 2006-01-12 Introductory textbook on Cryptography. |
| clique problem np complete: A Guide to Algorithm Design Anne Benoit, Yves Robert, Frédéric Vivien, 2013-08-27 Presenting a complementary perspective to standard books on algorithms, A Guide to Algorithm Design: Paradigms, Methods, and Complexity Analysis provides a roadmap for readers to determine the difficulty of an algorithmic problem by finding an optimal solution or proving complexity results. It gives a practical treatment of algorithmic complexity and guides readers in solving algorithmic problems. Divided into three parts, the book offers a comprehensive set of problems with solutions as well as in-depth case studies that demonstrate how to assess the complexity of a new problem. Part I helps readers understand the main design principles and design efficient algorithms. Part II covers polynomial reductions from NP-complete problems and approaches that go beyond NP-completeness. Part III supplies readers with tools and techniques to evaluate problem complexity, including how to determine which instances are polynomial and which are NP-hard. Drawing on the authors’ classroom-tested material, this text takes readers step by step through the concepts and methods for analyzing algorithmic complexity. Through many problems and detailed examples, readers can investigate polynomial-time algorithms and NP-completeness and beyond. |
| clique problem np complete: Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science Daniël Paulusma, Bernard Ries, 2023-09-22 This volume constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 49th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, WG 2023. The 33 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 116 submissions. The WG 2022 workshop aims to merge theory and practice by demonstrating how concepts from graph theory can be applied to various areas in computer science, or by extracting new graph theoretic problems from applications. |
| clique problem np complete: Computer Science Edward K. Blum, Alfred V Aho, 2011-12-02 Computer Science: The Hardware, Software and Heart of It focuses on the deeper aspects of the two recognized subdivisions of Computer Science, Software and Hardware. These subdivisions are shown to be closely interrelated as a result of the stored-program concept. Computer Science: The Hardware, Software and Heart of It includes certain classical theoretical computer science topics such as Unsolvability (e.g. the halting problem) and Undecidability (e.g. Godel’s incompleteness theorem) that treat problems that exist under the Church-Turing thesis of computation. These problem topics explain inherent limits lying at the heart of software, and in effect define boundaries beyond which computer science professionals cannot go beyond. Newer topics such as Cloud Computing are also covered in this book. After a survey of traditional programming languages (e.g. Fortran and C++), a new kind of computer Programming for parallel/distributed computing is presented using the message-passing paradigm which is at the heart of large clusters of computers. This leads to descriptions of current hardware platforms for large-scale computing, such as clusters of as many as one thousand which are the new generation of supercomputers. This also leads to a consideration of future quantum computers and a possible escape from the Church-Turing thesis to a new computation paradigm. The book’s historical context is especially helpful during this, the centenary of Turing's birth. Alan Turing is widely regarded as the father of Computer Science, since many concepts in both the hardware and software of Computer Science can be traced to his pioneering research. Turing was a multi-faceted mathematician-engineer and was able to work on both concrete and abstract levels. This book shows how these two seemingly disparate aspects of Computer Science are intimately related. Further, the book treats the theoretical side of Computer Science as well, which also derives from Turing's research. Computer Science: The Hardware, Software and Heart of It is designed as a professional book for practitioners and researchers working in the related fields of Quantum Computing, Cloud Computing, Computer Networking, as well as non-scientist readers. Advanced-level and undergraduate students concentrating on computer science, engineering and mathematics will also find this book useful. |
| clique problem np complete: Algorithms and Computation Xiaotie Deng, Dingzhu Du, 2005-12-03 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation, ISAAC 2005, held in Sanya, Hainan, China in December 2005. The 112 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 549 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computational geometry, computational optimization, graph drawing and graph algorithms, computational complexity, approximation algorithms, internet algorithms, quantum computing and cryptography, data structure, computational biology, experimental algorithm mehodologies and online algorithms, randomized algorithms, parallel and distributed algorithms, graph drawing and graph algorithms, computational complexity, combinatorial optimization, computational biology, computational complexity, computational optimization, computational geometry, approximation algorithms, graph drawing and graph algorithms, computational geometry, approximation algorithms, graph drawing and graph algorithms, and data structure. |
| clique problem np complete: Structural Information and Communication Complexity Thomas Moscibroda, Adele A. Rescigno, 2013-11-09 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 20th International Colloquium on Structural Information and Communication Complexity, SIROCCO 2013, held in Ischia, Italy, in July 2013. The 28 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 67 submissions. SIROCCO is devoted to the study of communication and knowledge in distributed systems. Special emphasis is given to innovative approaches and fundamental understanding, in addition to efforts to optimize current designs. The typical areas include distributed computing, communication networks, game theory, parallel computing, social networks, mobile computing (including autonomous robots), peer to peer systems, communication complexity, fault tolerant graph theories and randomized/probabilistic issues in networks. |
| clique problem np complete: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS I. CHANDRA MOHAN, 2012-04-21 This book, on Design and Analysis of Algorithms, in its second edition, presents a detailed coverage of the time complexity of algorithms. In this edition, a number of chapters have been modified and updated with new material. It discusses the various design factors that make one algorithm more efficient than others, and explains how to devise the new algorithms or modify the existing ones. The book begins with an introduction to algorithm analysis and then presents different methods and techniques—divide and conquer methods, the greedy method, search and traversal techniques, backtracking methods, branch and bound methods—used in the design of algorithms. Each algorithm that is written in this book is followed first by a detailed explanation and then is supported by worked-out examples. The book contains a number of figures to illustrate the theoretical aspects and also provides chapter-end questions to enable students to gauge their understanding of the underlying concepts. What distinguishes the text is its compactness, which has been achieved without sacrificing essential subject matter. This text is suitable for a course on “Design and Analysis of Algorithms”, which is offered to the students of B.Tech (Computer Science and Engineering) and undergraduate and postgraduate students of computer science and computer applications [BCA, MCA, B.Sc. (CS), M.Sc. (CS)] and other computer-related courses. New to this Edition : Explains in detail the time complexity of the algorithms for the problem of finding the GCD and matrix addition. Covers the analysis of Knapsack and Combinatorial Search and Optimization problems. Illustrates the “Branch-and-Bound” method with reference to the Knapsack problem. Presents the theory of NP-Completeness. |
| clique problem np complete: Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems Andrea Lodi, Michela Milano, Paolo Toth, 2010-06 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems, CPAIOR 2010, held in Bologna, Italy, in June 2010. The 18 revised full papers and 17 revised short papers presented together with the extended abstracts of 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. The papers are focused on both theoretical and practical, application-oriented issues and present current research with a special focus on the integration and hybridization of the approaches of constraint programming, artificial intelligence, and operations research technologies for solving large scale and complex real life combinatorial optimization problems. |
| clique problem np complete: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS MANAS RANJAN KABAT, 2013-08-21 Primarily designed as a text for undergraduate students of computer science and engineering and information technology, and postgraduate students of computer applications, the book would also be useful to postgraduate students of computer science and IT (M.Sc., Computer Science; M.Sc., IT). The objective of this book is to expose students to basic techniques in algorithm design and analysis. This well organized text provides the design techniques of algorithms in a simple and straightforward manner. Each concept is explained with an example that helps students to remember the algorithm devising techniques and analysis. The text describes the complete development of various algorithms along with their pseudo-codes in order to have an understanding of their applications. It also discusses the various design factors that make one algorithm more efficient than others, and explains how to devise the new algorithms or modify the existing ones. Key Features Randomized and approximation algorithms are explained well to reinforce the understanding of the subject matter. Various methods for solving recurrences are well explained with examples. NP-completeness of various problems are proved with simple explanation. |
| clique problem np complete: DESIGN METHODS AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS, Second Edition BASU, S. K., 2013-04-17 The design of correct and efficient algorithms for problem solving lies at the heart of computer science. This concise text, without being highly specialized, teaches the skills needed to master the essentials of this subject. With clear explanations and engaging writing style, the book places increased emphasis on algorithm design techniques rather than programming in order to develop in the reader the problem-solving skills. The treatment throughout the book is primarily tailored to the curriculum needs of B.Tech. students in computer science and engineering, B.Sc. (Hons.) and M.Sc. students in computer science, and MCA students. The book focuses on the standard algorithm design methods and the concepts are illustrated through representative examples to offer a reader-friendly text. Elementary analysis of time complexities is provided for each example-algorithm. A varied collection of exercises at the end of each chapter serves to reinforce the principles/methods involved. New To This Edition • Additional problems • A new Chapter 14 on Bioinformatics Algorithms • The following new sections: » BSP model (Chapter 0) » Some examples of average complexity calculation (Chapter 1) » Amortization (Chapter 1) » Some more data structures (Chapter 1) » Polynomial multiplication (Chapter 2) » Better-fit heuristic (Chapter 7) » Graph matching (Chapter 9) » Function optimization, neighbourhood annealing and implicit elitism (Chapter 12) • Additional matter in Chapter 15 • Appendix |
| clique problem np complete: A Graphic Apology for Symmetry and Implicitness Alessandra Carbone, Stephen Semmes, 2000 This book brings into focus the contrast between explicit and implicit algorithmic descriptions of objects and presents a new geometric language for the study of combinatorial and logical problems in complexity theory. These themes are considered in a variety of settings, sometimes crossing traditional boundaries. Special emphasis is given to moderate complexity - exponential or polynomial - but objects with multi-exponential complexity also fit in. Among the items under consideration are graphs, formal proofs, languages, automata, groups, circuits, some connections with geometry of metric spaces, and complexity classes (P, NP, co-NP). |
| clique problem np complete: Design and Analysis of Algorithms S. R. Jena, S. Patro, 2018-07-21 |
| clique problem np complete: The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization Problem Abraham P. Punnen, 2022-07-12 The quadratic binary optimization problem (QUBO) is a versatile combinatorial optimization model with a variety of applications and rich theoretical properties. Application areas of the model include finance, cluster analysis, traffic management, machine scheduling, VLSI physical design, physics, quantum computing, engineering, and medicine. In addition, various mathematical optimization models can be reformulated as a QUBO, including the resource constrained assignment problem, set partitioning problem, maximum cut problem, quadratic assignment problem, the bipartite unconstrained binary optimization problem, among others. This book presents a systematic development of theory, algorithms, and applications of QUBO. It offers a comprehensive treatment of QUBO from various viewpoints, including a historical introduction along with an in-depth discussion of applications modelling, complexity and polynomially solvable special cases, exact and heuristic algorithms, analysis of approximation algorithms, metaheuristics, polyhedral structure, probabilistic analysis, persistencies, and related topics. Available software for solving QUBO is also introduced, including public domain, commercial, as well as quantum computing based codes. |
| clique problem np complete: Scheduling Theory. Single-Stage Systems V. Tanaev, W. Gordon, Yakov M. Shafransky, 2012-12-06 Scheduling theory is an important branch of operations research. Problems studied within the framework of that theory have numerous applications in various fields of human activity. As an independent discipline scheduling theory appeared in the middle of the fifties, and has attracted the attention of researchers in many countries. In the Soviet Union, research in this direction has been mainly related to production scheduling, especially to the development of automated systems for production control. In 1975 Nauka (Science) Publishers, Moscow, issued two books providing systematic descriptions of scheduling theory. The first one was the Russian translation of the classical book Theory of Scheduling by American mathematicians R. W. Conway, W. L. Maxwell and L. W. Miller. The other one was the book Introduction to Scheduling Theory by Soviet mathematicians V. S. Tanaev and V. V. Shkurba. These books well complement each other. Both. books well represent major results known by that time, contain an exhaustive bibliography on the subject. Thus, the books, as well as the Russian translation of Computer and Job-Shop Scheduling Theory edited by E. G. Coffman, Jr., (Nauka, 1984) have contributed to the development of scheduling theory in the Soviet Union. Many different models, the large number of new results make it difficult for the researchers who work in related fields to follow the fast development of scheduling theory and to master new methods and approaches quickly. |
| clique problem np complete: Theory and Applications of Models of Computation Jianer Chen, S. Barry Cooper, 2009-04-28 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Models of Computation, TAMC 2009, held in Changsha, China in May 2009. The 39 full papers presented together with 7 invited papers as well as 3 plenary talks were selected from 86 submissions. The papers address the three main themes of the conference which were Computability, Complexity, and Algorithms. The conference aimed to bring together researchers with interests in theoretical computer science, algorithmic mathematics, and applications to the physical sciences. |
| clique problem np complete: The Algorithm Design Manual Steven S Skiena, 2009-04-05 This newly expanded and updated second edition of the best-selling classic continues to take the mystery out of designing algorithms, and analyzing their efficacy and efficiency. Expanding on the first edition, the book now serves as the primary textbook of choice for algorithm design courses while maintaining its status as the premier practical reference guide to algorithms for programmers, researchers, and students. The reader-friendly Algorithm Design Manual provides straightforward access to combinatorial algorithms technology, stressing design over analysis. The first part, Techniques, provides accessible instruction on methods for designing and analyzing computer algorithms. The second part, Resources, is intended for browsing and reference, and comprises the catalog of algorithmic resources, implementations and an extensive bibliography. NEW to the second edition: • Doubles the tutorial material and exercises over the first edition • Provides full online support for lecturers, and a completely updated and improved website component with lecture slides, audio and video • Contains a unique catalog identifying the 75 algorithmic problems that arise most often in practice, leading the reader down the right path to solve them • Includes several NEW war stories relating experiences from real-world applications • Provides up-to-date links leading to the very best algorithm implementations available in C, C++, and Java |
| clique problem np complete: Combinatorial Optimization Christos H. Papadimitriou, Kenneth Steiglitz, 2013-04-26 This graduate-level text considers the Soviet ellipsoid algorithm for linear programming; efficient algorithms for network flow, matching, spanning trees, and matroids; the theory of NP-complete problems; local search heuristics for NP-complete problems, more. 1982 edition. |
| clique problem np complete: An Introduction to Robust Combinatorial Optimization Marc Goerigk, |
CLIQUE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CLIQUE is a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons; especially : one held together by common interests, views, …
Clique - Wikipedia
A clique (AusE, CanE, UK: / ˈ k l iː k / or US: / ˈ k l ɪ k /; French:), in the social sciences, is a small group of individuals who interact …
CLIQUE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CLIQUE definition: 1. a small group of people who spend their time together and do not welcome other people into that…. Learn …
CLIQUE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Clique definition: a small, exclusive group of people; coterie; set.. See examples of CLIQUE used in a sentence.
Clique - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
A clique is an exclusive group of people or friends. Before Rudolph pulled Santa's sled through the fog, the clique of flying …
CLIQUE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CLIQUE is a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons; especially : one held together by common interests, views, or purposes. How to use clique in a sentence.
Clique - Wikipedia
A clique (AusE, CanE, UK: / ˈ k l iː k / or US: / ˈ k l ɪ k /; French:), in the social sciences, is a small group of individuals who interact with one another and share similar interests rather …
CLIQUE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CLIQUE definition: 1. a small group of people who spend their time together and do not welcome other people into that…. Learn more.
CLIQUE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Clique definition: a small, exclusive group of people; coterie; set.. See examples of CLIQUE used in a sentence.
Clique - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
A clique is an exclusive group of people or friends. Before Rudolph pulled Santa's sled through the fog, the clique of flying reindeer never let him play their reindeer games. In …
