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| etias background and security questions: EU Law in Populist Times Francesca Bignami, 2020-01-02 A state-of-the-art analysis of the contentious areas of EU law that have been put in the spotlight by populism. |
| etias background and security questions: Power, policies, and algorithms - technologies of surveillance in the European border surveillance regime Huber, Georg Johannes, 2022-08-19 This work analyses the emergent European border surveillance regime as part of the European border regime/migratory regime and the power structures this technologogical regime is embedded into, is reproducing and creating. The history, politics, policies and technological characteristics of the border surveillance regime of the EU are analysed through a theoretical framework based in political science, political sociology and surveillance studies. |
| etias background and security questions: Policing Mobility Regimes Giuseppe Campesi, 2021-08-17 More than 30 years after its birth, the Schengen area of free movement is under siege in Europe: new barriers are being erected along land borders, military assets are increasingly deployed to patrol the Mediterranean, while sophisticated surveillance tools are used to keep track of the flows of people crossing into European space. Bringing together perspectives from political geography, critical criminology and legal theory, Policing Mobility Regimes offers a systematic analysis of the impact that Frontex is having on migration control strategies at the EU level and offers a detailed empirical description of the agency’s organization and operational activities. In addition, this book explores the meaning behind the attempt at developing a post-national border control strategy and what effect this might have on the geopolitics of Europe’s borders. It contributes to the wider theoretical debate on the relationships among migration, security and the transformation of borders in contemporary Europe. An accessible and compelling read, this book will appeal to all those engaged with criminology, sociology, geography, politics and law as well as all those interested in learning about Europe’s changing borders. |
| etias background and security questions: European Migration Law Daniel Thym, 2023-05-16 This title provides a comprehensive overview of European migration law. More than three dozen directives and regulations are discussed throughout this volume, together with numerous court judgments, international treaties, reform proposals, and factual developments. This careful inspection of EU legislation and cases is accompanied by analyses of domestic and international developments, as well as contextual factors influencing the real world of migratory movements. Across eighteen chapters, Daniel Thym discusses core features of visas and border controls, asylum and legal migration, integration and return, association agreements, and international cooperation. The work consists of two parts. In the first part, Thym provides an analysis of the general framework behind the EU rules on migration and the changing positions of the supranational institutions. Central to this part is a discussion on the significance of human rights and the case law of the Court of Justice. Several chapters identify general features guiding the interpretation and the administrative implementation of the common rulebook. In the second part of the book, Thym explores the policy design and the substance approached through a thematic, rather than a chronological, lens. These chapters provide a reliable inventory of the policy design, the legislation and judgments on all areas of European migration law. |
| etias background and security questions: Border Management in Transformation Johann Wagner, 2020-11-26 This book looks into the processes of change and renewal of border control and border security and management during the past 30 years after the fall of the Iron Curtain, and the immense challenges in nation-building in South-Eastern Europe after the collapse of former Yugoslavia in relation to strategic security management. The abolition of border controls within the Schengen area and simultaneous introduction of necessary replacement measures was an additional topic. The book provides an insight into which the European Union is competent in the reform and modernisation of state law enforcement agencies for ensuring effective border control, border surveillance and border management in line with the EU acquis communautaire and EU standards. In the 21st century, along with the process of globalisation, a constantly evolving security environment creates new dimensions of threats and challenges to security and stability of transnational nature. This seeks for comprehensive, multidimensional, collective and well-coordinated responses. The European Union, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, United Nations, as well as other international organisations are able to really contribute to developing cooperative and coordinated responses to these threats by relying on its broad membership and profound expertise and experience. According to the position of the European Union, a modern, cost-benefit-oriented and effective border management system should ensure both, open borders as well as maximum of security at the same time. Thus, the Union’s endeavour is to safeguarding internal security to all member states through preventing transnational threats, combating irregular migration and any forms of cross-border crime for ensuring smooth border crossings for legitimate travellers and their belongings, goods and services. That is why the Union’s concept of Integrated Border Management has been developed to ensure effective border control and surveillance and cost-efficient management of the external borders of the European Union. The Union’s policy is and will continue to be developed on the basis of the three main areas in place: common legislation, close operational/tactical cooperation and financial solidarity. In addition, Integrated Border Management has been confirmed as a priority area for strengthening the cooperation with third countries in the European Commission’s strategic security management approach, where non-EU countries are encouraged as partners to upgrade their border security, surveillance and border management systems. |
| etias background and security questions: Welcome to the United States , 2007 |
| etias background and security questions: Routledge Handbook of Transnational Organized Crime Felia Allum, Stan Gilmour, 2012-03-15 Transnational organized crime crosses borders, challenges States, exploits individuals, pursues profit, wrecks economies, destroys civil society, and ultimately weakens global democracy. It is a phenomenon that is all too often misunderstood and misrepresented. This handbook attempts to redress the balance, by providing a fresh and interdisciplinary overview of the problems which transnational organized crime represents. The innovative aspect of this handbook is not only its interdisciplinary nature but also the dialogue between international academics and practitioners that it presents. The handbook seeks to provide the definitive overview of transnational organized crime, including contributions from leading international scholars as well as emerging researchers. The work starts by examining the origins, concepts, contagion and evolution of transnational organized crime and then moves on to discuss the impact, governance and reactions of governments and their agencies, before looking to the future of transnational organized crime, and how the State will seek to respond. Providing a cutting edge survey of the discipline, this work will be essential reading for all those with an interest in this dangerous phenomenon. |
| etias background and security questions: Preventing Radicalisation and Terrorism in Europe Valeria Rosato, Maria Luisa Maniscalo, 2019-12 Within the general framework of the European TRIVALENT project, the comparative analysis presented here focuses, alongside policy measures taken at EU level, on counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation policies implemented by five European countries; namely, Belgium, France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. These case studies with their peculiarities and differences offer insights into the role of long-term and structural factors in defining counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation policies, and highlight the influence that specific occurrences can have. The volume analyses different types of public policies, including repressive, preventive, legal and administrative measures, together with the role of civil society in preventing and mitigating radicalisation processes. The book offers an updated and critical assessment of the main anti-terrorism and anti-radicalisation policies of the five aforementioned countries, and their strengths and weaknesses, identifying possible evolutionary lines and proposing a series of recommendations. |
| etias background and security questions: Cultures of Border Control Ruben Zaiotti, 2011-02-15 In recent years, a number of European countries abolished national border controls in favor of Europe’s external frontiers. In doing so, they challenged long-established conceptions of sovereignty, territoriality, and security in world affairs. Setting forth a new analytic framework informed by constructivism and pragmatism, Ruben Zaiotti traces the transformation of underlying assumptions and cultural practices guiding European policymakers and postnational Europe, shedding light on current trends characterizing its politics and relations with others. The book also includes a fascinating comparison to developments in North America, where the United States has pursued more restrictive border control strategies since 9/11. As a broad survey of the origins, evolution, and implications of this remarkable development in European integration, Cultures of Border Control will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations and political geography. |
| etias background and security questions: Preventive Justice Andrew Ashworth, Lucia Zedner, 2014-03-27 This book arises from a three-year study of Preventive Justice directed by Professor Andrew Ashworth and Professor Lucia Zedner at the University of Oxford. The study seeks to develop an account of the principles and values that should guide and limit the state's use of preventive techniques that involve coercion against the individual. States today are increasingly using criminal law or criminal law-like tools to try to prevent or reduce the risk of anticipated future harm. Such measures include criminalizing conduct at an early stage in order to allow authorities to intervene; incapacitating suspected future wrongdoers; and imposing extended sentences or indefinate on past wrongdoers on the basis of their predicted future conduct - all in the name of public protection and security. The chief justification for the state's use of coercion is protecting the public from harm. Although the rationales and justifications of state punishment have been explored extensively, the scope, limits and principles of preventive justice have attracted little doctrinal or conceptual analysis. This book re-assesses the foundations for the range of coercive measures that states now take in the name of prevention and public protection, focussing particularly on coercive measures involving deprivation of liberty. It examines whether these measures are justified, whether they distort the proper boundaries between criminal and civil law, or whether they signal a larger change in the architecture of security. In so doing, it sets out to establish a framework for what we call 'Preventive Justice'. |
| etias background and security questions: Global Inequalities Orkan Köyağasıoğlu, 2020-06-24 Globalization is characterized by a systemic interconnection in which what hapInequality has been on the rise across the globe and living conditions are vastly unequal between different places in the world. Currently, the richest 1% own 45% of the world’s wealth. The consequence is that some people are able to enjoy healthy, wealthy, happy lives whilst others continue to live in ill-health, poverty and sorrow. Rapid economic growth in Asia (particularly China and India) has lifted many people out of extreme poverty. Nevertheless, the wealth divide is steadily growing. According to Oxfam, between 2009 and 2018, the number of billionaires it took to equal the wealth of the world’s poorest 50 percent fell from 380 to 26. Those with extreme wealth have often accumulated their fortunes on the backs of people around the world who work for poor wages and under dangerous conditions. Women are scarce at the top and overrepresented at the bottom. Gender discrimination in the workplace contributes significantly to these persistent economic divides. There are also large differences in wealth across racial groups. Long-standing racial discrimination in many forms, including in education, hiring, and pay practices contribute to persistent earnings gaps. Inequalities have dramatically strengthened the economic and political power of those individuals at the top. |
| etias background and security questions: Compendium of United Nations Standards and Norms in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs (United Nations), United Nations, 1992 Part Two. HUMAN RIGHTS |
| etias background and security questions: Building Armies, Building Nations Michael Robert Shurkin, John Gordon, Bryan Frederick, Christopher G. Pernin, 2017 This report proposes an alternative approach to Security Force Assistance (SFA) derived from an interpretation of nation-building and legitimacy formation grounded in history. |
| etias background and security questions: The European Fund for Strategic Investments: The Legacy European Investment Bank, 2021-01-07 The inside story of the European Fund for Strategic Investments from 2015 to 2020 told through interviews with the Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director, members of the Investment Committee and final beneficiaries across Europe. The architects of this €500 billion-plus programme, the head of the EU bank and the president of the European Commission, describe the genesis of this financial pillar of the Investment Plan for Europe. Then the people who ran one of the biggest economic stimulus programmes in history detail how they did it—and what the lessons are for policymakers responding to new crises, including the economic shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The European Fund for Strategic Investments has been one of the good news stories to emerge in a decade of economic uncertainty. It has gone well beyond its highly ambitious target of €500 billion in mobilised investments. The Juncker Plan has made a strong contribution to the 14 million jobs created in the EU between 2015 and 2020. It has become a success in co-financing projects that otherwise might not have been carried through. It has also charted the path towards new ways of financing. This is not only the case in relatively conventional areas, such as infrastructure, but also in sectors like research and innovation or the contribution to climate change mitigation. This is exactly what makes EFSI so ground-breaking: responding to the needs of the market through continuous financial innovation. The principle of the European Fund for Strategic Investments is here to stay. It has paved the way for its successor, the InvestEU programme, which is to be deployed under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework. This publication details why the programme was such a success. |
| etias background and security questions: European Criminal Law Kai Ambos, 2018-06-07 European criminal law faces many challenges in harmonising states' criminal justice systems. This book presents a systematic analysis of this legal area and examines the difficulties involved. |
| etias background and security questions: The Migration Apparatus Gregory Feldman, 2011-10-19 Every year, millions of people from around the world grapple with the European Union's emerging migration management apparatus. Through border controls, biometric information technology, and circular migration programs, this amorphous system combines a whirlwind of disparate policies. The Migration Apparatus examines the daily practices of migration policy officials as they attempt to harmonize legal channels for labor migrants while simultaneously cracking down on illegal migration. Working in the crosshairs of debates surrounding national security and labor, officials have limited individual influence, few ties to each other, and no serious contact with the people whose movements they regulate. As Feldman reveals, this complex construction creates a world of indirect human relations that enables the violence of social indifference as much as the targeted brutality of collective hatred. Employing an innovative nonlocal ethnographic methodology, Feldman illuminates the danger of allowing indifference to govern how we regulate population—and people's lives—in the world today. |
| etias background and security questions: International Maritime Security Law James Kraska, Raul Pedrozo, 2013-04-15 International Maritime Security Law by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo defines an emerging interdisciplinary field of law and policy comprised of norms, legal regimes, and rules to address today's hybrid threats to the global order of the oceans. Worldwide shipping commerce, fishing fleets, pleasure craft, and coastal states are exposed to the menace of offshore terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, piracy, smuggling, robbery, marine insurgency and anti-access threats. Land-based institutions and maritime constabulary forces operate within an increasingly integrated network that blends elements of humanitarian law, human rights law, criminal law, and law of the sea, with inspection regimes, commercial enterprise, and marine safety and environmental stewardship. The new authorities fuse together a global maritime partnership among states, international organizations and commercial interests to protect the maritime commons from the most dangerous risks and hazards. |
| etias background and security questions: Automating Crime Prevention, Surveillance, and Military Operations Aleš Završnik, Vasja Badalič, 2021-08-19 This interdisciplinary volume critically explores how the ever-increasing use of automated systems is changing policing, criminal justice systems, and military operations at the national and international level. The book examines the ways in which automated systems are beneficial to society, while addressing the risks they represent for human rights. This book starts with a historical overview of how different types of knowledge have transformed crime control and the security domain, comparing those epistemological shifts with the current shift caused by knowledge produced with high-tech information technology tools such as big data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The first part explores the use of automated systems, such as predictive policing and platform policing, in law enforcement. The second part analyzes the use of automated systems, such as algorithms used in sentencing and parole decisions, in courts of law. The third part examines the use and misuse of automated systems for surveillance and social control. The fourth part discusses the use of lethal (semi)autonomous weapons systems in armed conflicts. An essential read for researchers, politicians, and advocates interested in the use and potential misuse of automated systems in crime control, this diverse volume draws expertise from such fields as criminology, law, sociology, philosophy, and anthropology. |
| etias background and security questions: Mali's Next Battle Michael Shurkin, Stephanie Pezard, S. Rebecca Zimmerman, 2017-04-19 This report examines Mali’s counterterrorism requirements in light of recent evolutions in the country’s security environment: The terrorist threat in Mali is growing, but Mali’s military remains largely ineffective. It is not possible to strengthen Mali’s counterterrorism capabilities in isolation from its general military capabilities, which are in need of fundamental reform. |
| etias background and security questions: Constitutionalising the Security Union Sergio Carrera, Valsamis Mitsilegas, 2018-02-27 This book offers a multidisciplinary examination of the critical issues and challenges associated with the EU's initiative to build a Security Union, particularly in relation to common policies adopted at the member state level aimed at countering terrorism and crime. It delves into EU efforts to support cross-border investigations, the exchange of information and international cooperation, taking stock of the effects on freedom and privacy. The various authors in this collective volume offer key research findings, which contributed to the European Commission's 2017 Comprehensive Assessment of EU Security Policy. They identify and explore the main constitutional dilemmas facing the Security Union concerning EU standards enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty and the commitments undertaken in the context of the EU Better Regulation agenda. Hence, this timely examination of EU security policies sheds light on their effectiveness, proportionality, fundamental rights and societal implications. |
| etias background and security questions: Digital Borders and Real Rights Evelien Renate Brouwer, 2008 Since its launch in 1995, the majority of personal data held in the Schengen Information System (SIS) concerns third-country nationals to be refused entry to the Schengen territory. This study reveals why the use of the SIS (and the second generation SIS or SIS II) entails a risk to the protection of human rights such as the right to privacy and the right to data protection, but also the freedom of movement of persons and the principle of non-discrimination. This study describes the implementation of the SIS in respectively France, Germany, and the Netherlands and the available legal remedies in both data protection and immigration law. On the basis of three general principles of European law, minimum standards are developed for effective remedies for individuals registered in the SIS, but also other databases such as Eurodac or the Visa Information System. |
| etias background and security questions: Foreign visa requirements , 1989 |
| etias background and security questions: Schengen Visa Implementation and Transnational Policymaking Federica Infantino, 2019-02-06 This book examines the timely topic of controlling the borders of the European Schengen Area. It considers the state perspective on border regulation, subjecting day-to-day practices of EU visa policy implementation to close analytical scrutiny. The objects of the analysis are three European Member States—France, Belgium, and Italy—that implement EU visa policy in Morocco, a country whose nationals are considered to be a migratory ‘risk’ for the EU. The book focuses on the implementation of EU visa policy in the consulates of Belgium, France and Italy in Casablanca. The empirical research and the comparative perspective make this book distinct. The book uses a ‘comprehensive implementation approach’ by taking account of the local, national and supranational locations of policy-making. It builds on in-depth pioneering fieldwork and a comparative research design that includes those three locations. The research design has determined the evolving of the puzzle and the realizing of the unanticipated: cross-national differences diminish when policy is put into practice. Extensive research into the visa sections of those EU Member States provides highly original material that sheds light on the obscure black box of EU visa policy implementation, therefore contributing to policy studies, migration studies, and studies on the European Union. |
| etias background and security questions: Information Sharing and Data Protection in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Franziska Boehm, 2011-11-06 Privacy and data protection in police work and law enforcement cooperation has always been a challenging issue. Current developments in EU internal security policy, such as increased information sharing (which includes the exchange of personal data between European law enforcement agencies and judicial actors in the area of freedom, security and justice (Europol, Eurojust, Frontex and OLAF)) and the access of EU agencies, in particular Europol and Eurojust, to data stored in European information systems such as the SIS (II), VIS, CIS or Eurodac raise interesting questions regarding the balance between the rights of individuals and security interests. This book deals with the complexity of the relations between these actors and offers for the first time a comprehensive overview of the structures for information exchange in the area of freedom, security and justice and their compliance with data protection rules in this field. |
| etias background and security questions: The European Public Prosecutor’s Office Leendert H. Erkelens, Arjen W.H. Meij, Marta Pawlik, 2014-09-29 In 2013 the European Commission launched its legislative proposal to create a European Public Prosecutor’s Office. The proposal provoked fierce debates, politically as well as on the academic level. Many national parliaments opposed and submitted formally their grievances to the Commission. Negotiations on the proposal between Member States are still ongoing. The T.M.C. Asser Instituut held the first international conference on this unprecedented proposal. This book reflects the main results of that conference. It provides a concise background of and reasoning for the introduction of this new EU body entrusted with far reaching judicial powers disclosing important legal and policy implications. Within its hitherto limited scope the existing system of judicial cooperation between EU Member States will change fundamentally, directly affecting the functioning of national courts and public prosecutions offices. How will this evolve? This book will help answering fundamental questions involved. |
| etias background and security questions: Reforming the Common European Asylum System Vincent Chetail, Philippe De Bruycker, Francesco Maiani, 2016-02-15 This book, edited by Vincent Chetail, Philippe De Bruycker and Francesco Maiani, is aimed at analysing the recent changes of the Common European Asylum System, the progress achieved and the remaining flaws. The overall objective and key added value of this volume are to provide a comprehensive and critical account of the recast instruments governing asylum law and policy in the European Union. This book is the outcome of the 7th Congress of the Academic Network for Legal Studies on Immigration and Asylum in Europe held in Brussels in 2014. Contributors are: Hemme Battjes, Céline Bauloz, Ulrike Brandl, Vincent Chetail, Cathryn Costello, Philippe De Bruycker, Madeline Garlick, Elspeth Guild, Emily Hancox, Lyra Jakuleviciene, Francesco Maiani, Barbara Mikołajczyk, Géraldine Ruiz, Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi, Patricia Van De Peer and Jens Vedsted-Hansen. |
| etias background and security questions: Global Data Protection in the Field of Law Enforcement Cristina Blasi Casagran, 2016-06-10 This study examines a key aspect of regulatory policy in the field of data protection, namely the frameworks governing the sharing of data for law enforcement purposes, both within the EU and between the EU and the US and other third party countries. The work features a thorough analysis of the main data-sharing instruments that have been used by law enforcement agencies and the intelligence services in the EU and in the US between 2001 to 2015. The study also explores the challenges to data protection which the current frameworks create, and explores the possible responses to those challenges at both EU and global levels. In offering a full overview of the current EU data-sharing instruments and their data protection rules, this book will be of significant benefit to scholars and policymakers working in areas related to privacy, data protection, national security and EU external relations. |
| etias background and security questions: The Construction of Fatherhood Alice Margaria, 2021-02-11 This book tackles one of the most topical socio-legal issues of today: how the law - in particular, the European Court of Human Rights - is responding to shifting practices and ideas of fatherhood in a world that offers radical possibilities for the fragmentation of the conventional father figure and therefore urges decisions upon what kind of characteristics makes someone a legal father. It explores the Court's reaction to changing family and, more specifically, fatherhood realities. In so doing, it engages in timely conversations about the rights and responsibilities of men as fathers. By tracing values and assumptions underpinning the Court's views on fatherhood, this book contributes to highlight the expressive powers of the ECtHR and, more specifically, the latter's role in producing and legitimising ideas about parenting and, more generally, in influencing how family life is regulated and organised. |
| etias background and security questions: Profiling the European Citizen Mireille Hildebrandt, Serge Gutwirth, 2008-05-01 In the eyes of many, one of the most challenging problems of the information society is that we are faced with an ever expanding mass of information. Based on the work done within the European Network of Excellence (NoE) on the Future of Identity in Information Society (FIDIS), a set of authors from different disciplinary backgrounds and jurisdictions share their understanding of profiling as a technology that may be preconditional for the future of our information society. |
| etias background and security questions: Research Handbook on EU Criminal Law Valsamis Mitsilegas, Maria Bergström, Theodore Konstadinides, 2016-03-25 EU criminal law is one of the fastest evolving, but also challenging, policy areas and fields of law. This Handbook provides a comprehensive and advanced analysis of EU criminal law as a structurally and constitutionally unique policy area and field of research. With contributions from leading experts, focusing on their respective fields of research, the book is preoccupied with defining cross-border or ‘Euro-crimes’, while allowing Member States to sanction criminal behaviour through mutual cooperation. It contains a web of institutions, agencies and external liaisons, which ensure the protection of EU citizens from serious crime, while protecting the fundamental rights of suspects and criminals. Students and scholars of EU criminal law will benefit from the comprehensive research present in this Handbook. National and EU policy-makers, as well as judges, defence lawyers and human rights lawyers will find the analysis of current legal action, combined with proposed solutions, useful to their work |
| etias background and security questions: Children's Occupations Mrs. Maude Cushing Nash, 1920 Ideas to help children learn through play by becoming inventors and artists. |
| etias background and security questions: Radicalism and Terrorism in the 21st Century Anna Sroka, Fanny Castro Rial Garrone, Ruben Dario Torres Kumbrian, 2016-12-22 This book addresses the issues of radicalism and terrorism. Each of the two phenomena are analyzed from a multidisciplinary perspective. The book contains articles which explore legal, political, psychological, economic and social aspects of radicalism and terrorism. |
| etias background and security questions: Citizenship 2.0 Yossi Harpaz, 2019-09-17 The institution of citizenship has undergone significant change in the last two decades. Since the 1990s, dozens of countries have changed their laws to permit dual citizenship, moving away from the previous model that demanded exclusive allegiance. As a consequence, tens of millions of people around the world now hold citizenship in two (and sometimes three or four) countries. These changes have inevitably had an affect on the lived experience and personal meaning of citizenship, but the existing literature on dual citizenship has mostly focused on immigrants in Western Europe and North America and has inquired about identity and sentimental aspects of citizenship. Yossi Harpaz looks beyond the West in this book, arguing that the rise of dual citizenship has created new opportunities for non-Western elites to convert local advantages into a global resource. Millions draw on ancestral or ethnic ties to Western/EU countries or create such ties strategically in order to obtain a second nationality that will provide them with additional opportunities, an insurance policy, a high-prestige passport and even social status. He draws on qualitative and quantitative material from three cases that represent three pathways to compensatory citizenship: Hungarian-speaking Serbians who draw on their ethnicity to acquire a second citizenship from Hungary; upper-class Mexicans who engage in birth tourism in order to secure American citizenship for their children; and Israelis who reacquire the citizenship of European countries from which their parents and grandparents had immigrated half a century earlier-- |
| etias background and security questions: The Court of Justice of the European Union and the Politics of Law Sabine Saurugger, Fabien Terpan, 2017-08-24 The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is one of the central institutions of the EU and has played a decisive role in European integration. As one of the most powerful international courts, at a time when political systems around the world are becoming more judicialized, it is a key actor to understand in world affairs. Yet it is not without controversy. As both an interpreter of law and as a political power influencing policy-making through its bold case law, it has become increasingly criticized in recent years for its perceived activism and distance from the European people. Combining the perspectives of a legal scholar and a political scientist, this important new text gives a uniquely broad-ranging account of the CJEU. It introduces readers to the role and function of the Court and explains how it fits into the broader political system and historical evolution of the European Union. It examines the constitutional contributions made by the Court and the part it plays in policy-making, in areas such as the environment, gender equality and human rights. Drawing on the latest research, the book takes full account of recent changes to the place of the Court in the European political system, and shows how new forms of governance, such as the open method of coordination, have had a significant impact on the role the Court is able to play. |
| etias background and security questions: The Shifting Border - Legal Cartographies of Migration and Mobility Ayelet Shachar, 2020-02 A critical assessment from the perspective of political and legal theory of how shifting borders impact on migration, mobility and the protection of displaced persons |
| etias background and security questions: The Routledge Handbook of the Politics of Migration in Europe Agnieszka Weinar, Saskia Bonjour, Lyubov Zhyznomirska, 2019 The Routledge Handbook of the Politics of Migration in Europeprovides a rigorous and critical examination of what is exceptional about the European politics of migration and the study of it. Crucially, this book goes beyond the study of the politics of migration in the handful of Western European countries to showcase a European approach to the study of migration politics, inclusive of tendencies in all geographical parts of Europe (including Eastern Europe, the Western Balkans, Turkey) and of influences of the European Union (EU) on countries in Europe and beyond. Each expert chapter reviews the state of the art field of studies on a given topic or question in Europe as a continent while highlighting any dimensions in scholarly debates that are uniquely European. Thematically organised, it permits analytically fruitful comparisons across various geographical entities within Europe and broadens the focus on European immigration politics and policies beyond the traditional limitations of Western European, immigrant-receiving societies. The Routledge Handbook of the Politics of Migration in Europewill be essential reading and an authoritative reference for scholars, students, researchers and practitioners involved in, and actively concerned about, research on migration, and European and EU Politics. |
| etias background and security questions: Jumping the Picket Fence Lydia Dean, 2015-01-27 Lydia Dean finds herself at the top of her game professionally, yet on the verge of an emotional breakdown. Quitting her job and convincing her husband John to join her on a more meaningful path, the family takes a leap of faith, trading their American lifestyle for a more simple one nestled in a quiet village in the South of France. We live alongside Lydia and John as they tend grape vines, renovate a stone house, build a villa rental business and raise a family in Provence. Reconnecting with her early childhood dreams of humanitarian work, Lydia's adventures then take her further from the comforts of home as the young family travels extensively to areas lacking access to education and opportunity. Join Lydia on an inspirational path around the world-into shelters for children across India, through the jungles and back roads of Costa Rica, Southeast Asia and Venezuela, and to China where the Deans adopt their third child. Motivated by the simple ideal that small personal actions can make a difference, the family returns to the US where Lydia and a passionate team build a non-profit organization-GoPhilanthropic, supporting vulnerable women and children. From magical and entertaining to painfully raw and unsettling, this beautifully balanced mixture of travel memoir, soul searching, and motherhood shows us how to put fear aside, peel away all that insulates us, and listen to our inner selves. The book ultimately becomes less about what the author has done in her own life and more about what each of us can do to explore our own dreams and jump our own fences. |
| etias background and security questions: Glossary on Migration International Organization for Migration, 2004 It is increasingly acknowledged that migration issues need a co-ordinated approach, with discussions being undertaken at bilateral levels, as well as at regional and global levels. This publication seeks to establish a common understanding about the terms and concepts used in the field of migration, in order to establish a useful tool to help further international cooperation on this topic. |
| etias background and security questions: Balkan Futures - Three Scenarios for 2025 Marko Čeperković, Florence Gaub, 2018 What will the Western Balkans look like in 2025? Will we witness Republika Srpska declare independence, a worsening of relations between Kosovo* and Serbia, and the rise of ethnic tensions across the region - or will we celebrate Montenegro and Serbia joining the EU, with good reason to hope that the rest of the region will soon follow? This Chaillot Paper presents three contrasting scenarios for the horizon of 2025 - best-case, medium-case, and worst-case. Each scenario takes account of the impact of underlying megatrends (trends that are unlikely to change by 2025) on the future trajectory of the region: the scenarios do not just spell out what 2025 could look like, they also explain how decisions with far-reaching consequences taken at critical junctures (called game-changers) will shape this future between today and then. They therefore serve not merely as a description, but also as a roadmap outlining the different options available |
| etias background and security questions: The EU and Counter-terrorism Daniel Keohane, 2005 |
ETIAS Requirements for American Citizens | ETIAS Countries
Citizens of the United States need ETIAS to travel to Europe. ETIAS, the European Travel Information and Authorization System, will be operational from 2026. On this page you can …
ETIAS - European Union - New requirements to travel to Europe
Official EU website on ETIAS, the new travel authorisation for visa-exempt travellers to enter 30 European countries.
ETIAS for American Citizens
The ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) is an electronic authorization for travelers from visa-exempt countries, including the United States, who want to visit Europe …
Do I need a visa to go to Europe? ETIAS gets delayed again ...
Mar 14, 2025 · Not to be confused with a visa, the ETIAS is an entry requirement for visitors from 59 countries, including the U.S., to travel to 30 EU countries for up to 90 days in any 180-day …
ETIAS Travel Authorization For US Citizens Explained
ETIAS, the European Travel Information and Authorization System, is an electronic travel authorization required for visa-exempt nationals traveling to 30 European countries. It …
5 Things to Know About the ETIAS Application and Fee - AARP
Mar 28, 2025 · In 2026, the new European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) will require passport holders from 60 visa-exempt countries, including the U.S., to apply for …
Americans Will Need This New Document For 2025 European ...
Apr 10, 2024 · Starting in May 2025, a special travel authorization—ETIAS, which stands for the European Travel Information and Authorization System–will be required. Once the program …
ETIAS for US Travelers: Requirements & Updates
US Nationals travelling to European Union and Schengen Area will need to electronically apply for and obtain an ETIAS Visa Waiver starting from year 2025. ETIAS for Americans. Basic Facts: …
ETIAS for American Citizens – Etias.org
The ETIAS system will help to improve security from terrorism threats and illegal immigration. For US citizens planning a holiday or business to any of the countries in the Schengen Zone, they …
ETIAS Eligible Countries: Travel Authorization Guide for ...
Jun 5, 2025 · ETIAS allows short-term travel (up to 90 days in any 180-day period) for purposes like tourism, business, or short study. It does not permit work, long-term stays, or residency. …
ETIAS Requirements for American Citizens | ETIAS Countries
Citizens of the United States need ETIAS to travel to Europe. ETIAS, the European Travel Information and Authorization System, will be operational from 2026. On this page you can find …
ETIAS - European Union - New requirements to travel to Europe
Official EU website on ETIAS, the new travel authorisation for visa-exempt travellers to enter 30 European countries.
ETIAS for American Citizens
The ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) is an electronic authorization for travelers from visa-exempt countries, including the United States, who want to visit Europe …
Do I need a visa to go to Europe? ETIAS gets delayed again ...
Mar 14, 2025 · Not to be confused with a visa, the ETIAS is an entry requirement for visitors from 59 countries, including the U.S., to travel to 30 EU countries for up to 90 days in any 180-day …
ETIAS Travel Authorization For US Citizens Explained
ETIAS, the European Travel Information and Authorization System, is an electronic travel authorization required for visa-exempt nationals traveling to 30 European countries. It …
5 Things to Know About the ETIAS Application and Fee - AARP
Mar 28, 2025 · In 2026, the new European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) will require passport holders from 60 visa-exempt countries, including the U.S., to apply for …
Americans Will Need This New Document For 2025 European ...
Apr 10, 2024 · Starting in May 2025, a special travel authorization—ETIAS, which stands for the European Travel Information and Authorization System–will be required. Once the program …
ETIAS for US Travelers: Requirements & Updates
US Nationals travelling to European Union and Schengen Area will need to electronically apply for and obtain an ETIAS Visa Waiver starting from year 2025. ETIAS for Americans. Basic Facts: …
ETIAS for American Citizens – Etias.org
The ETIAS system will help to improve security from terrorism threats and illegal immigration. For US citizens planning a holiday or business to any of the countries in the Schengen Zone, they …
ETIAS Eligible Countries: Travel Authorization Guide for ...
Jun 5, 2025 · ETIAS allows short-term travel (up to 90 days in any 180-day period) for purposes like tourism, business, or short study. It does not permit work, long-term stays, or residency. …
