Advertisement
| determining the economic value of water: Determining the Economic Value of Water Robert A. Young, John B. Loomis, 2014-07-23 Water provides benefits as a commodity for agriculture, industry, and households, and as a public good such as fisheries habitat, water quality and recreational use. To aid in cost-benefit analysis under conditions where market determined price signals are usually unavailable, economists have developed a range of alternative valuation methods for measuring economic benefits. This volume provides the most comprehensive exposition to-date of the application of economic valuation methods to proposed water resources investments and policies. It provides a conceptual framework for valuation of both commodity and public good uses of water, addressing non-market valuation techniques appropriate to measuring public benefits - including water quality improvement, recreation, and fish habitat enhancement. The book describes the various measurement methods, illustrates how they are applied in practice, and discusses their strengths, limitations, and appropriate roles. In this second edition, all chapters have been thoroughly updated, and in particular the coverage of water markets and valuation of ecosystem services from water has been expanded. Robert Young, author of the 2005 edition, has been joined for this new edition by John Loomis, who brings additional expertise on ecosystem services and the environmental economics of water for recreational and other public good uses of water. |
| determining the economic value of water: Valuing Ground Water National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, Committee on Valuing Ground Water, 1997-07-10 Because water in the United State has not been traded in markets, there is no meaningful estimate of what it would cost if it were traded. But failing to establish ground water's valueâ€for in situ uses such as sustaining wetlands as well as for extractive uses such as agricultureâ€will lead to continued overuse and degradation of the nation's aquifers. In Valuing Ground Water an interdisciplinary committee integrates the latest economic, legal, and physical knowledge about ground water and methods for valuing this resource, making it comprehensible to decision-makers involved in Superfund cleanup efforts, local wellhead protection programs, water allocation, and other water-related management issues. Using the concept of total economic value, this volume provides a framework for calculating the economic value of ground water and evaluating tradeoffs between competing uses of it. Included are seven case studies where ground-water valuation has been or could be used in decisionmaking. The committee examines trends in ground-water management, factors that contribute to its value, and issues surrounding ground-water allocation and legal rights to its use. The book discusses economic valuation of natural resources and reviews several valuation methods. Presenting conclusions, recommendations, and research priorities, Valuing Ground Water will be of interest to those concerned about ground-water issues: policymakers, regulators, economists, attorneys, researchers, resource managers, and environmental advocates. |
| determining the economic value of water: Determining the Economic Value of Water Robert A. Young, John B. Loomis, 2014-07-23 Water provides benefits as a commodity for agriculture, industry, and households, and as a public good such as fisheries habitat, water quality and recreational use. To aid in cost-benefit analysis under conditions where market determined price signals are usually unavailable, economists have developed a range of alternative valuation methods for measuring economic benefits. This volume provides the most comprehensive exposition to-date of the application of economic valuation methods to proposed water resources investments and policies. It provides a conceptual framework for valuation of both commodity and public good uses of water, addressing non-market valuation techniques appropriate to measuring public benefits - including water quality improvement, recreation, and fish habitat enhancement. The book describes the various measurement methods, illustrates how they are applied in practice, and discusses their strengths, limitations, and appropriate roles. In this second edition, all chapters have been thoroughly updated, and in particular the coverage of water markets and valuation of ecosystem services from water has been expanded. Robert Young, author of the 2005 edition, has been joined for this new edition by John Loomis, who brings additional expertise on ecosystem services and the environmental economics of water for recreational and other public good uses of water. |
| determining the economic value of water: Determining the Economic Value of Water , Water provides benefits as a commodity for agriculture, industry, and households--and as a public good for scenic values, waste assimilation, wildlife habitats, and recreational use. However, even as the nature and needs of economies change, water continues to be allocated to other than high priority uses, water quality continues to decline, environmental uses get inadequate attention, and floods and droughts take an unnecessarily severe toll. One reason for this is that price signals that reflect scarcities of goods and thereby guide investments and resource allocation in the private sector are usually distorted or absent in decision-making relating to water. To aid in cost-benefit analysis under conditions where appropriate price incentives are absent, economists have developed a range of alternative or 'non-market' methods for measuring economic benefits. Robert Young aims to provide the most comprehensive exposition to-date of the application of nonmarket economic valuation methods to proposed water resources investments and policies. He provides a conceptual framework for valuation of both commodity and public good uses of water, addressing valuation techniques appropriate to measuring public benefits--including water quality improvement, recreation and wildlife habitat enhancement, and flood risk reduction. However, in contrast to the existing environmental valuation literature, the emphasis here is on the commodity uses of water by agriculture, industries, and households. The book describes the various measurement methods, illustrates how they are applied in practice, and discusses their strengths, limitations, and appropriate roles. |
| determining the economic value of water: The Economic Value of Water Diana C. Gibbons, 2013-10-18 Gibbons examines the water supply problem through five case studies. The problems faced by these regions and the methods suggested to overcome them provide excellent models for the entire United States. The case studies---typically, expanding supplies---but economic efficiency principles lead to emphasizing managing the demand. In many cases, this means reducing demand by raising prices. |
| determining the economic value of water: Multiple Uses of Water in Irrigated Areas International Water Management Institute, 1999 Water is being transferred out of agriculture to meet the growing demand in other areas, often without an agreement of or compensation to farmers with irrigated land and water rights. Furthermore, there is a failure to recognize that irrigation systems supply water not only for the main fields, but also for domestic uses, home gardens, trees and other permanent vegetation, and livestock. Other productive uses include fishing, harvesting of aquatic plants and animals, and a variety of other enterprises such as brick making. In addition, irrigation systems can have a positive or negative effect on wildlife habitats. Thus, the withdrawal of water affects the rural household, rural economy, and the environment in a number of ways. This paper argues that to ensure efficient, equitable, and sustainable water use, to reduce poverty and improve the well-being of the community, irrigation and water resources policies need to take into account all uses and users of water within the irrigation system. The multiple uses of water in the Kirindi Oya irrigation system are examined in this paper. An interdisciplinary group of scientists have investigated a number of areas including water accounting, water quality, household water use, the valuing of water for alternative uses, and the complementarities, competition, and conflicts among uses and users. |
| determining the economic value of water: Society - Water - Technology Reinhard F. Hüttl, Oliver Bens, Christine Bismuth, Sebastian Hoechstetter, 2015-11-02 This book presents the results of the Interdisciplinary Research Group Society – Water – Technology of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. It describes interdisciplinary evaluation criteria for major water engineering projects (MWEPs) and portrays an application to the Lower Jordan Valley (Middle East) and the Fergana Valley (Central Asia). Both areas are characterised by transboundary conflicts, by challenges due to demographic and climate change and by political and societal pressures. Based on the findings, the book provides recommendations for science and political decisions makers as well as for international financing institutions. In addition, it outlines research gaps from an interdisciplinary perspective. In the past, MWEPs have been used as an instrument to cope with the demands of growing populations and to enhance development progress. Experiences with MWEPs have shown that a purely technical approach has not always brought about the desired results. In many cases, MWEPs have even resulted in negative implications for society and environment. Therefore, improved management strategies and enhanced technologies for a sustainable water resource management system are a prerequisite to meet present and future challenges. And, moreover, the continuous evaluation and optimisation of these measures is, likewise, a must. |
| determining the economic value of water: Economic Valuation of Wetlands Edward Barbier, M. C. Acreman, Duncan Knowler, 1997 |
| determining the economic value of water: Taking Into Account Environmental Water Requirements in Global-scale Water Resources Assessments Vladimir Smakhtin, 2004 |
| determining the economic value of water: Economic Valuation of Water Resources in Agriculture R. Kerry Turner, 2004 The purpose of this report is to produce a review on water resource valuation issues and techniques specifically for the appraisal and negotiation of raw (as opposed to bulk or retail) water resource allocation for agricultural development projects. The review considers raw water in naturally occurring watercourses, lakes, wetlands, soil and aquifers, taking an ecosystem function perspective at a catchment scale, and takes account of the demands from irrigated and rainfed agriculture. It is hoped that the review will have particular application to developing countries where agreed methods for reconciling competing uses are often absent, but nevertheless takes account of valuation approaches that have been made in post industrial economies. |
| determining the economic value of water: Valuing Ecosystem Services National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Water Science and Technology Board, Committee on Assessing and Valuing the Services of Aquatic and Related Terrestrial Ecosystems, 2005-05-14 Nutrient recycling, habitat for plants and animals, flood control, and water supply are among the many beneficial services provided by aquatic ecosystems. In making decisions about human activities, such as draining a wetland for a housing development, it is essential to consider both the value of the development and the value of the ecosystem services that could be lost. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of ecosystem services, their value is often overlooked in environmental decision-making. This report identifies methods for assigning economic value to ecosystem servicesâ€even intangible onesâ€and calls for greater collaboration between ecologists and economists in such efforts. |
| determining the economic value of water: Perspectives on Biodiversity National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Life Sciences, Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity, 1999-10-01 Resource-management decisions, especially in the area of protecting and maintaining biodiversity, are usually incremental, limited in time by the ability to forecast conditions and human needs, and the result of tradeoffs between conservation and other management goals. The individual decisions may not have a major effect but can have a cumulative major effect. Perspectives on Biodiversity reviews current understanding of the value of biodiversity and the methods that are useful in assessing that value in particular circumstances. It recommends and details a list of components-including diversity of species, genetic variability within and among species, distribution of species across the ecosystem, the aesthetic satisfaction derived from diversity, and the duty to preserve and protect biodiversity. The book also recommends that more information about the role of biodiversity in sustaining natural resources be gathered and summarized in ways useful to managers. Acknowledging that decisions about biodiversity are necessarily qualitative and change over time because of the nonmarket nature of so many of the values, the committee recommends periodic reviews of management decisions. |
| determining the economic value of water: Uncharted Waters Richard Damania, Sébastien Desbureaux, Marie Hyland, Asif Islam, Scott Moore, Aude-Sophie Rodell, Jason Russ (Economist), Esha Zaveri, 2017 Uncharted Waters: The New Economics of Water Scarcity |
| determining the economic value of water: Risk Management of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems Petr Hlavinek, Cvetanka Popovska, Ivana Mahrikova, Tamara Kukharchyk, 2009-04-28 Each year more than 200 million people are affected by floods, tropical storms, droughts, earthquakes, and also operational failures, wars, terrorism, vandalism, and accidents involving hazardous materials. These are part of the wide variety of events that cause death, injury, and significant economic losses for the countries affected. In an environment where natural hazards are present, local actions are decisive in all stages of risk management: in the work of prevention and mitigation, in rehabilitation and reconstruction, and above all in emergency response and the provision of basic services to the affected population. Commitment to systematic vulnerability reduction is crucial to ensure the resilience of communities and populations to the impact of natural and manmade hazards. Current challenges for the water and sanitation sector require an increase in sustainable access to water and sanitation services in residential areas, where natural hazards pose the greatest risk. In settlements located on unstable and risk-prone land there is growing environmental degradation coupled with extreme conditions of poverty that increase vulnerability. The development of local capacity and risk management play vital roles in obtaining sustainability of water and sanitation systems as well as for the communities themselves. Unfortunately water may also represent a potential target for terrorist activity or war conflict and a deliberate contamination of water is a potential public health threat. An approach which considers the needs of communities and institutions is particularly important in urban areas affected by armed conflict. Risk management for large rehabilitation projects has to deal with major changes caused by conflict: damaged or destroyed infrastructure, increased population, corrupt or inefficient water utilities, and impoverished communities. Water supply and sanitation are amongst the first considerations in disaster response. The greatest water-borne risk to health in most emergencies is the transmission of faecal pathogens, due to inadequate sanitation, hygiene and protection of water sources. However, some disasters, including those involving damage to chemical and nuclear industrial installations, or involving volcanic activity, may create acute problems from chemical or radiological water pollution. Sanitation includes safe excreta disposal, drainage of wastewater and rainwater, solid waste disposal and vector control. This book is based on the discussions and papers prepared for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop that took place in Ohrid, Macedonia under the auspices of the NATO Security Through Science Programme and addressed problems Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems impaired by operational failures, natural disasters and war conflicts. The main purpose of the workshop was to critically assess the existing knowledge on Risk management of water supply and sanitation systems, with respect to diverse conditions in participating countries, and promote close co-operation among scientists with different professional experience from different countries. The ARW technical program comprised papers on 4 topics, : (a) Vulnerability of Wastewater and Sanitation Systems, (b) Vulnerability of Drinking Water Systems, (c) Emergency response plans, and (d) Case studies from regions affected by Drinking Water System, Wastewater and Sanitation System failures. |
| determining the economic value of water: The Institutional Economics of Water R. Maria Saleth, Ariel Dinar, 2004-01-01 This publication examines issues of water sector reform and performance from the perspectives of institutional economics and political economic studies. The authors develop an alternative quantitative assessment methodology based on the principle of 'institutional ecology', as well as data collected from 127 water experts from 43 countries and regions around the world using a cross-country review of recent water sector reforms within an institutional transaction cost framework. |
| determining the economic value of water: The United Nations world water development report 2015: water for a sustainable world Connor, Richard, 2015-03-23 The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) is hosted and led by UNESCO. WWAP brings together the work of 31 UN-Water Members as well as 37 Partners to publish the United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR) series. Under the theme Water for Sustainable Development, the WWDR 2015 has been prepared as a contribution from UN-Water to the discussions surrounding the post-2015 framework for global sustainable development. Highlighting water's unique and often complex role in achieving various sustainable development objectives, the WWDR 2015 is addressed to policy- and decision-makers inside and outside the water community, as well as to anyone with an interest in freshwater and its many life-giving benefits. The report sets an aspirational yet achievable vision for the future of water towards 2050 by describing how water supports healthy and prosperous human communities, maintains well functioning ecosystems and ecological services, and provides a cornerstone for short and long-term economic development. It provides an overview of the challenges, issues and trends in terms of water resources, their use and water-related services like water supply and sanitation. The report also offers, in a rigorous yet accessible manner, guidance about how to address these challenges and to seize the opportunities that sound water management provides in order to achieve and maintain economic, social and environmental sustainability. |
| determining the economic value of water: Economy-Wide Modeling of Water at Regional and Global Scales Glyn Wittwer, 2019-02-07 This book deals with the economic modelling of water at the global, national and sub-national levels. It presents a multi-faceted analysis and, while it outlines the theories behind various models, its main purpose is to analyse policy issues and present insights arising from modelling, including a chapter analysing the macroeconomic implications of climate change. Arguably the most compelling reason for publishing a book on the economic modelling of water arises from the fact that agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of water used for economic purposes, while only contributing 4% of global income. Given that water is an essential commodity, this discrepancy may in part be symptomatic of an undervaluation of water due to immature and incomplete markets. In turn, this undervaluation has led to an ongoing misallocation of water. When economic models include water accounts that feed into production functions, they model impacts on the marginal product of water. Policies that improve the link between the marginal product and price of water will improve water allocation, while advanced economic models such as those presented here can enhance our ability to explore the possible impacts of improved policy. |
| determining the economic value of water: The Water Footprint Assessment Manual Maite M. Aldaya, Ashok K. Chapagain, Arjen Y. Hoekstra, Mesfin M. Mekonnen, 2012-08-21 People use lots of water for drinking, cooking and washing, but significantly more for producing things such as food, paper and cotton clothes. The water footprint is an indicator of water use that looks at both direct and indirect water use of a consumer or producer. Indirect use refers to the 'virtual water' embedded in tradable goods and commodities, such as cereals, sugar or cotton. The water footprint of an individual, community or business is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business. This book offers a complete and up-to-date overview of the global standard on water footprint assessment as developed by the Water Footprint Network. More specifically it: o Provides a comprehensive set of methods for water footprint assessment o Shows how water footprints can be calculated for individual processes and products, as well as for consumers, nations and businesses o Contains detailed worked examples of how to calculate green, blue and grey water footprints o Describes how to assess the sustainability of the aggregated water footprint within a river basin or the water footprint of a specific product o Includes an extensive library of possible measures that can contribute to water footprint reduction |
| determining the economic value of water: Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century Mohan Munasinghe, 2019-05-23 Provides a rigorous analysis of sustainable development that includes practical, policy-relevant, global case studies, explained concisely and clearly. |
| determining the economic value of water: Irrigation Water Pricing François Molle, Jeremy Berkoff, 2007-01-01 Much hope has been vested in pricing as a means of helping to regulate and rationalize water management, notably in the irrigation sector. The pricing of water has often been applied universally, using general and ideological policies, and not considering regional environmental and economic differences. Almost 15 years after the emphasis laid at the Dublin and Rio conferences on treating water as an economic good, a comprehensive review of how such policies have helped manage water resources an irrigation use is necessary. The case-studies presented here offer a reassessment of current policies by evaluating their objectives and constraints and often demonstrating their failure by not considering the regional context. They will therefore contribute to avoiding costly and misplaced reforms and help design water policies that are based on a deeper understanding of the factors which eventually dictate their effectiveness. |
| determining the economic value of water: The Fourth Industrial Revolution Klaus Schwab, 2017-01-03 The founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum on how the impending technological revolution will change our lives We are on the brink of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. And this one will be unlike any other in human history. Characterized by new technologies fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the Fourth Industrial Revolution will impact all disciplines, economies and industries - and it will do so at an unprecedented rate. World Economic Forum data predicts that by 2025 we will see: commercial use of nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than human hair; the first transplant of a 3D-printed liver; 10% of all cars on US roads being driverless; and much more besides. In The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Schwab outlines the key technologies driving this revolution, discusses the major impacts on governments, businesses, civil society and individuals, and offers bold ideas for what can be done to shape a better future for all. |
| determining the economic value of water: Stakeholder-oriented Valuation to Support Water Resources Management Processes Leon Hermans, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006 Today, raising capacity in water resources management entails supporting stakeholders and decision-makers to reach a common understanding on the priorities and necessary arrangements for sharing and allocating water-related goods and services. Valuation is central to this process, as setting priorities and making choices implies valuing certain uses and arrangements above others. Water valuation can help stakeholders to express the values that water-related goods and services represent to them. It also offers a means for conflict resolution and planning, informing stakeholders, supporting communication, and facilitating joint decision-making on priorities and specific actions. This report confronts concepts from the literature on water valuation with practical experiences from three local cases where an effort was made to embed existing valuation tools and methods in ongoing water resources management processes. It uses the lessons from this exploration to provide a first outline for a stakeholder-oriented water valuation process. This is expected to provide a useful starting point to help water professionals and policy-makers improve the use of water valuation as a means to support participatory processes of water resources management. |
| determining the economic value of water: Economical, Political, and Social Issues in Water Resources Omid Bozorg-Haddad, 2021-07-14 Economical, Political, and Social Issues in Water Resources provides a fully comprehensive and interdisciplinary overview of all three factors in their relation to water resources. Economic issues consist of Water accounting, Water economy, Water pricing, Water market, Water bank and bourse. Political issues consist of Water power and hydrogemistry, Water diplomacy and hydropolitics, Water rights and water laws, Water governance and policy, Shared water resources management, Water management systems, and social issues consist of Water and culture, civilization and history, Water quality, hygiene, and health, Water and society. This book familiarizes researchers with all aspects of the field, which can lead to optimized and multidimensional water resources management. Some of abovementioned issues are new, so the other aim of this book is to identify them in order to researchers can easily find them and use them in their studies. - Includes diverse case studies from around the world - Presents contributions from global and diverse contributors with interdisciplinary backgrounds, including water engineers, scientists, planners the economic, political and social issues surrounding water - Contains in-depth definitions and concepts of each topic |
| determining the economic value of water: Infrastructure Kingsley E. Haynes, 2006 |
| determining the economic value of water: Coping with Water Scarcity Jean-Marc Faurès, 2012 The report aims to provide a conceptual framework to address food security under conditions of water scarcity in agriculture. It has been prepared by a team of FAO staff and consultants in the framework of the project Coping with water scarcity - the role of agriculture, and has been discussed at an Expert Consultation meeting organized in FAO, Rome, during the period 14-16 December 2009 on the same subject. It was subsequently edited and revised, taking account of discussions in the Expert Consultation and materials presented to the meeting. The purpose of the Expert Consultation was to assist FAO to better design its water scarcity programme. In particular, the experts were requested to provide recommendations on the range of technical and policy options and associated principles that FAO should promote as part of an agricultural response to water scarcity in member countries. The document offers views on the conceptual framework on which FAO's water scarcity programme should be based, proposes a set of definitions associated with the concept of water scarcity, and indicates the main principles on which FAO should base its action in support to its member countries. At the meeting, experts were requested to review the draft document and provide feedback and recommendations for its finalization. Issues that were addressed in discussions included: 3⁄4 Water scarcity: agreement on key definitions. 3⁄4 The conceptualisation of water scarcity in ways that are meaningful for policy development and decision-making. 3⁄4 The quantification of water scarcity. . 3⁄4 Policy and technical response options available to ensure food security in conditions of water scarcity. . 3⁄4 Criteria and principles that should be used to establish priorities for action in response to water scarcity in agriculture and ensure effective and efficient water scarcity coping strategies. |
| determining the economic value of water: The Economics of Water Georg Meran, Markus Siehlow, Christian von Hirschhausen, 2020-09-04 This open access textbook provides a concise introduction to economic approaches and mathematical methods for the study of water allocation and distribution problems. Written in an accessible and straightforward style, it discusses and analyzes central issues in integrated water resource management, water tariffs, water markets, and transboundary water management. By illustrating the interplay between the hydrological cycle and the rules and institutions that govern today’s water allocation policies, the authors develop a modern perspective on water management. Moreover, the book presents an in-depth assessment of the political and ethical dimensions of water management and its institutional embeddedness, by discussing distribution issues and issues of the enforceability of human rights in managing water resources. Given its scope, the book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics and engineering, as well as practitioners in the water sector, seeking a deeper understanding of economic approaches to the study of water management. |
| determining the economic value of water: The Oxford Handbook of Water Politics and Policy Ken Conca, Erika Weinthal, 2018 This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs. |
| determining the economic value of water: Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, Committee on the Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon-252 Oil Spill on Ecosystem Services in the Gulf of Mexico, 2012-03-17 On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon platform drilling the Macondo well in Mississippi Canyon Block 252 (DWH) exploded, killing 11 workers and injuring another 17. The DWH oil spill resulted in nearly 5 million barrels (approximately 200 million gallons) of crude oil spilling into the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The full impacts of the spill on the GoM and the people who live and work there are unknown but expected to be considerable, and will be expressed over years to decades. In the short term, up to 80,000 square miles of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were closed to fishing, resulting in loss of food, jobs and recreation. The DWH oil spill immediately triggered a process under the U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) to determine the extent and severity of the injury (defined as an observable or measurable adverse change in a natural resource or impairment of a natural resource service) to the public trust, known as the Natural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA). The assessment, undertaken by the trustees (designated technical experts who act on behalf of the public and who are tasked with assessing the nature and extent of site-related contamination and impacts), requires: (1) quantifying the extent of damage; (2) developing, implementing, and monitoring restoration plans; and (3) seeking compensation for the costs of assessment and restoration from those deemed responsible for the injury. This interim report provides options for expanding the current effort to include the analysis of ecosystem services to help address the unprecedented scale of this spill in U.S. waters and the challenges it presents to those charged with undertaking the damage assessment. |
| determining the economic value of water: System of Environmental-economic Accounting for Water United Nations. Statistical Division, United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2012 The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water, commonly referred to as SEEA-Water, is a conceptual framework for the organization of physical and economic information, developed with the purpose of providing an integrated conceptual framework to support water policy design and evaluation. It uses concepts, definitions and classifications coherent with those of the System of National Accounts. SEEA-Water is a subsystem of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA), which provides internationally agreed standards for the compilation of measures about the environment and its interactions with the economy. After a rigorous consultation process, SEEA-Water was adopted in 2007 by the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC). Part I of SEEA-Water has been adopted as an interim international statistical standard subject to re-evaluation when the SEEA is adopted as an international statistical standard. |
| determining the economic value of water: The Pig Book Citizens Against Government Waste, 2013-09-17 The federal government wastes your tax dollars worse than a drunken sailor on shore leave. The 1984 Grace Commission uncovered that the Department of Defense spent $640 for a toilet seat and $436 for a hammer. Twenty years later things weren't much better. In 2004, Congress spent a record-breaking $22.9 billion dollars of your money on 10,656 of their pork-barrel projects. The war on terror has a lot to do with the record $413 billion in deficit spending, but it's also the result of pork over the last 18 years the likes of: - $50 million for an indoor rain forest in Iowa - $102 million to study screwworms which were long ago eradicated from American soil - $273,000 to combat goth culture in Missouri - $2.2 million to renovate the North Pole (Lucky for Santa!) - $50,000 for a tattoo removal program in California - $1 million for ornamental fish research Funny in some instances and jaw-droppingly stupid and wasteful in others, The Pig Book proves one thing about Capitol Hill: pork is king! |
| determining the economic value of water: The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values A. Myrick Freeman, 2003 Non-market valuation is becoming increasingly accepted as an evaluative tool of economics related to environmental and resource protection. Freeman (economics, Bowdoin College) presents an overview of the literature, introducing the principal methods and techniques of resource valuation. Chapters cover the measurement of welfare changes, revealed and stated preference models, nonuse models, aggregation of values across time, environmental quality as factor input, longevity and health valuation, property value models, hedonic wage models, and recreational uses of natural resource systems. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com). |
| determining the economic value of water: How Much is an Ecosystem Worth? , 2005-01-01 The international community has committed itself to achieve, by 2010, a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional, and national levels. Yet, despite growing awareness, and major efforts in all countries, the latest evidence indicates that biodiversity continues to be lost at a terrifying pace, resulting in what some call the greatest mass extinction since dinosaurs roamed the planet, 65 million years ago. A range of methods have been developed to value ecosystems, and the services they provide, as well as the costs of conservation. The methods available are increasingly sensitive, and robust, but they are often incorrectly used. One reason is poor understanding of the purposes of valuation and what questions it can, or cannot, answer. As a result, decision makers may get misleading guidance on the value of ecosystems, and their conservation. In this context, the Bank, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, and the Nature Conservancy have worked together to clarify the aims and uses of economic valuation, focusing on the types of questions that valuation can answer, and the type of valuation that is best suited to each purpose. How Much is an Ecosystem Worth? is the result of that cooperation. It aims to provide guidance on how economic valuation can be used to address specific, policy-relevant questions about nature conservation. |
| determining the economic value of water: Water Resource Economics Ronald C. Griffin, 2006 A comprehensive introduction to the economics of water management, for engineers and natural scientists as well as economists, with self-contained treatment of all necessary economic concepts. |
| determining the economic value of water: Economic Valuation with Stated Preference Techniques Ian Bateman, 2002 This manual offers a detailed, up-to-date explanation of how to carry out stated preference techniques. The techniques use surveys to ask individuals how much they would be willing to pay or willing to accept in compensation for gains or losses of non-market goods and services. Applications of the technique include changes in air and water quality; noise nuisance; health care; risk; recorded heritage; cultural assets; habitats; Landscape and so on. It shows how to choose the most appropriate technique and how to design the questionnaires. Detailed advice on econometric analysis is provided, as well as explanation of the pitfalls that need to be avoided. |
| determining the economic value of water: Rural Water Systems for Multiple Uses and Livelihood Security M. Dinesh Kumar, Yusuf Kabir, A. J. James, 2016-05-03 Rural Water Systems for Multiple Uses and Livelihood Security covers the technological, institutional, and policy choices for building rural water supply systems that are sustainable from physical, economic, and ecological points-of-view in developing countries. While there is abundant theoretical discourse on designing village water supply schemes as multiple use systems, there is too little understanding of the type of water needs in rural households, how they vary across socio-economic and climatic settings, the extent to which these needs are met by the existing single use water supply schemes, and what mechanisms exist to take care of unmet demands. The case studies presented in the book from different agro ecological regions quantify these benefits under different agro ecological settings, also examining the economic and environmental trade-offs in maximizing benefits. This book demonstrates how various physical and socio-economic processes alter the hydrology of tanks in rural settings, thereby affecting their performance, also including quantitative criteria that can be used to select tanks suitable for rehabilitation. - Covers interdisciplinary topics deftly interwoven in the rural context of varying geo-climatic and socioeconomic situations of people in developing areas - Presents methodologies for quantifying the multiple water use benefits from wetlands and case studies from different agro ecologies using these methodologies to help frame appropriate policies - Provides analysis of the climatic and socioeconomic factors responsible for changes in hydrology of multiple use wetlands in order to help target multiple use water bodies for rehabilitation - Includes implementable models for converting single use water supply systems into multiple use systems |
| determining the economic value of water: Guidelines for the Economic Analysis of Projects Asian Development Bank, 2017-03-01 Project economic analysis is a tool used by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to ensure that ADB operations comply with its Charter. The guidelines in this publication are a revised version of the 1997 edition. The revision responds to the changing development context and ADB operational priorities, and aims to address the recommendations of the ADB Quality-at-Entry Assessments for more methodological work on project economic analysis. The revised guidelines provide general principles for the conduct of project economic analysis, and should be read together with handbooks, technical reports, and other reference materials published by ADB dealing with sector-specific project economic analysis in detail. |
| determining the economic value of water: The Economics of Groundwater Management in Arid Countries Manuel Schiffler, 2014-06-03 Groundwater is being depleted on a large scale in many arid and semi-arid parts of the world. The author asks whether it should be avoided at any price? or if it is desirable in certain circumstances, by undertaking an economic analysis and considering the political and hydrological aspects of water management. |
| determining the economic value of water: Measuring Water Quality Benefits V. Kerry Smith, William H. Desvousges, 2012-12-06 Almost 5 years ago we began working together on research for the U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency (EPA) to measure the benefits of water quality regulations. EPA had awarded a contract to Research Triangle Inst~ute (RTIl in response to a proposal that Bill wrote on measuring these benefits. After meeting with the EPA project officer, Dr Ann Fisher, the basic outlines of what would become this research were framed. Upon the suggestion of Bob Anderson, then chief of the Benefits Branch at EPA, we selected the Monongahela River as the focal point of a case study that would compare alternative benefit measurement approaches. Exactly how this case study would be done remained vague, but Ann urged that there be a survey and that nonuse benefits be included in the question naire design. Of course, Bill agreed. At the same time, Kerry was independently working on a review article that tied together some of the loose threads in the option value literature. He had also been thinking about how to measure option value, as well as working on ways to generalize the travel cost approach for estimating benefits of site attributes. Glenn Morris at RTI suggested that Bill have lunch with him and Kerry and that they could talk about Bill's research to see if there were any mutual interest. Over the lunch and Bill's ever present dessert in a Chapel Hill restaurant, we found out just how much we have in common. |
| determining the economic value of water: Water Law, Policy and Economics in Italy Paolo Turrini, Antonio Massarutto, Marco Pertile, Alessandro de Carli, 2021-05-13 This book provides the first comprehensive overview of the most important water-related issues that centre on Italy, analysed from several disciplinary perspectives – such as hydrology, economics, law, sociology, environmental sciences and policy studies – in order to promote full understanding of the challenges the country is facing and the ways it could best tackle them. Despite the misconception that Italy is a water-scarce country, is in fact quite rich in water resources. Such resources, however, are unevenly distributed over the Italian territory. Italy’s northern regions rely on quite an abundant quantity of freshwater, whereas in the southern area water endowment is limited. Moreover, climatic differences between North and South contribute to widen the divide. This disparity has notable consequences of socio-economic character, some of which, in turn, feed back into the environmental conditions of Italian regions: pollution, floods, landslides and droughts are among the problems affecting the country. There are numerous features of water use and consumption that distinguish Italy from other comparable countries, such as the significant role played by agriculture (a water-intensive activity), a lead position in the consumption of bottled water, lower-than-average prices of water and a far-from-optimal efficiency of waterworks. All such aspects, and many others, make Italy an essential case study. |
| determining the economic value of water: Economic Research Supporting Water Resource Stewardship in the Pacific Northwest Laurie L. Houston, 2011 This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Knowledge about the value of water to different users and methods with which to evaluate biophysical, economic, ecological, and social tradeoffs associated with allocating limited water resources among competing uses is vital to devising appropriate and effective water resource policies. Intended primarily for non-economists, this report reviews existing water resource economics literature (as of 2002) concerning the economic value of water in different uses in the Pacific Northwest, the evaluation of tradeoffs among uses, and the use of economic incentives for water conservation and protection or enhancement of water quality. Includes an annotated bibliography of water resource economics research. |
Chapter 5 The economics of valuing ecosystem services and …
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: The Ecological and Economic Foundations 4 Key messages In the Total Economic Value (TEV) framework, ecosystems may generate output …
The Economic Value of Renewable Energy in Texas
portfolio, their economic value manifests itself in a variety of ways. Our research shows that renewable energy development in the state produced a nearly $1 billion direct injection into the …
Economic Evaluation of Urban Water Supply Schemes - JSTOR
Dueto people's fundamental rightto water, the prices of high-value water uses are deliberately kept low, though the economic value of water is considerably high. The National Water …
The Economic Value of Water Quality - Duke University
The Economic Value of Water Quality 171 survey structure, which is described in Sect. 2, makes possible a determination for each ... of the water enter, it is as an input to determining whether …
Field Assessment for Determining Priority of Manure
account for the economic value of nutrients in the manure and fails to protect the environment, especially air and water quality. Every farm is unique with respect to site conditions, cropping …
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF DETERMINING THE …
determining economic property value based on various case study in valuation. C. Stage 3: ... to the valuer in determining the water risks and address the potential
UTILITY VALUATION REFORM FREQUENTLY ASKED …
With just 1,300 connections, the drinking water system in Georgetown, Indiana, struggled for years to keep costs low as the utility desperately needed significant infrastructure and …
Determining the economic and market potential of ... - Our …
Determining the economic and market potential of regenerative agriculture ... Landcare Research Contract Report LC3954 for Our Land and Water National Science Challenge & The NEXT …
United States Office of Water EPA 843-F-01-002c …
surface water systems during dry periods. Although a small wetland might not store much water, a network of many small wetlands can store an enormous amount of water. The ability of …
National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training
Economic value of groundwater use estimate Understanding the economic value of extractive groundwater use requires consideration of how water use and productive activity would change …
Environmental Cost of Groundwater: A contingent Valuation …
The total economic value estimated for this groundwater is 0.454 €/m3, ... to carry out an economic analysis of water use (art. 5) (Stemplewsky et al., 2008). The principle of recovery of …
Colorado River Interactive Simulation - Economics Unit
Value of Water - NROVC Water uses have economic value because people gain benefits from the resource. Whether for crops, lawns, showers, hydroelectric power, habitat, or pure aesthetics, …
Determining the Economic Value of Providing Supplemental …
Determining the Economic Value of Providing Supplemental Light to Lettuce . During Winter Production . Authors: Krishna Nemali . and Petrus Langenhoven. A greenhouse crop’s light …
Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analysis for Water
Economic Analysis Task Force for Water Recycling in California : Technical Authors: Sachi De Souza . ... A Beneficiary Pays Analysis can be useful in determining cost allocations. Financing …
Charles T. DuMars
b. that right continues as against subsequent users as long as the appropriator puts the water to beneficial use.14, Determining water rights by priority in time is a strict departure from the …
Valuing Water
the value of water, taking into account the value that people receive from water remains challenging, and there will always be uncertainty. The case for valuing water is that the …
Hand Out - Measuring the Value of Ecosystem Services
Economic Tools for Coastal Management MEASURING THE VALUE OF . ECOSYSTEM SERVICES. WHY measure the value of ecosystem services? The current structure of our …
for Maximizing Water and Wastewater Value - Walden
There are three typical appraisal approaches to take to understand the value of utility systems. Picking the right approach can help municipalities maximize their value. The three approaches …
A Manual for Cost Benefit Analysis in South Africa with …
6.8.2 Input data for the economic evaluation of road infrastructure projects and cost of collisions.....77 6.8.3 Economic value of a life in terms of future productive potential....79 …
THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF ELEPHANTS
The economic factors determining the Total Economic Value (TEV) of ... He explains the distinction between exchange and use value by referring to the well-known water-diamond …
Assessing the Economic Value of Ecosystem Conservation
Economic Value of Ecosystem Conservation Stefano Pagiola Konrad von Ritter ... Determining the total value of the current flow of benefits from an ecosystem To understand the contribution …
Assessing the Economic Value of Ecosystem Conservation
5.1: Quantifying changes in water services 27 6.1: Financial vs economic analysis 32 7.1: Paying for watershed protection 35 CASE STUDIES 1: The Total Economic Value of Mediterranean …
Making the hidden visible: Economic valuation of tiger …
a value for each of them. There are also ethical issues inherent in the process, the intrinsic value i.e., the value of wild species in their own right (Vucetich et al., 2015). However, recognition of …
Determining the Health Cost of Inadequate Water, …
2.4.1 Water for drinking 14 2.4.2 Sanitation cost 14 ... HIES Household Integrated Economic Survey KPK Khyber Pakhtunkhwa MHM Menstrual Hygiene Management MICS Multiple …
Chapter 10
may apply to either technology-based or water quality-based regulatory requirements. ... 10.1.1 Economic Variances Section 301(c) of the CWA provides for a variance for nonconventional ...
Economic Valuation of Wetland Ecosystem Services - MIDS
World Water Development Report 2021 states recognising, quantifying and expressing the values of water and incorporating such values into decision-making are important in achieving …
REPORT ON STATE OF WATER: A LOOK AT THE LEGAL AND …
(v) Water has economic value – Water and sanitation services should be provided in a manner that sustainability and economic growth are not compromised, and the economic value of water …
Natural Capital Valuation - GOV.UK
due to water shortages as a means of valuing that aspect of the security of water supply). There are a number of guides to such methods. 8. and considerable research has been undertaken …
Economic Valuation Appendix - Bureau of Reclamation
General M&I Water Value Estimation Procedures..... 3-6 Figure 3-3. Estimated 2014 Water Cost for M&I Water Use During a Critical Water ... the costs and potential benefits of alternative …
Assessing the Economic Value of Ecosystem Conservation
5.1: Quantifying changes in water services 27 6.1: Financial vs economic analysis 32 7.1: Paying for watershed protection 35 CASE STUDIES 1: The Total Economic Value of Mediterranean …
Determining the value of forests: an economic measure
• By calculating the Total Economic Value (i.e., benefits and costs associated with the use and/ or conservation of resources), managers can incorporate sustainable forest management …
ECONOMIC VALUATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - National …
Chapter 3. Economic Tools for Use in Coastal Management Decisionmaking 23 Chapter 4. Measuring the Value of Goods and Services Traded in Markets 33 Chapter 5. Measuring the …
Impacts of Invasive Species on Ecosystem Services
categorized within a framework of total economic value (Fig. 13.1), and sub- sequently assigned monetary value (Costanza et al. 1997). ... water purification, and flood control, all of which are …
Ecosystem Service Valuation of the Colorado River Basin: A …
solely focusing on the economic value of the conservation use of water, a more complete perspective is obtained. This literature review focused on obtaining a baseline for the …
Considerations for determining warm-water coral reef …
276 P. Pearce-Kelly et al.: Considerations for determining warm-water coral reef tipping points 1 Introduction Warm-water coral reefs (tropical and subtropical) support one-quarter to one-third …
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Eligibility Handbook
Agency as a guide to assist with determining Drinking Water State Revolving Fund loan and set-aside activity eligibility. Nothing in this document is meant to supplant or modify ... economic …
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION POLICY - Food and …
case, have to be determined by their respective value including economic multiplier effects by local value addition and social benefits in relation to the overall development objectives and …
WATER TESTING FOR GROUTING - Bureau of Reclamation
lining design. The economic value of the water may also be a significant factor. (4) Groutability and permeability are not necessarily related. A highly fractured rock or a gravel may be very …
INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - I UNIT: I ECONOMIC …
gross domestic product is an economic model that reflects the value of a country's output. In other words, a country's GDP is the total monetary value of ... minerals, climate, water resources etc. …
DETERMINING THE VALUE OF YOUR TREES - awes-ab.ca
DETERMINING THE VALUE OF YOUR TREES The forested areas on lands are often overlooked for their values by many, but these ... is the main economic value of trees in large forested …
The global value of water in agriculture - PNAS
planted), the water value is the net economic benefit, expressed as the net value of output produced, minus the cost of obtaining the water, environmental externality costs, and future …
Valuation of Ecosystem Services - Gordon and Betty Moore …
value of nature for its own sake (intrinsic values) (Sagoff 1996). The ecosystem services paradigm, including ecosystem valuation, with its emphasis on nature’s economic role, seeks …
ENGINEERING ECONOMICS - EOLSS
higher value into a product or system of lower value, it is a failure of engineering. Engineering economics is closely linked to the underlying principles of microeconomics. Microeconomics is …
SFE Fact Sheet 2012-7 Economic Impacts of Wildfire
Water Management District (SJRWMD) to quantify fire ... Determining the total economic loss and impact of the wildfires to the region is challenging. While many of the ... $350 million in value. …
Total dissolved solids in Drinking-water - World Health …
In areas where the TDS content of the water supply is very high, the individual constituents should be identified and the local public health authorities consulted. No health-based guideline value …
What is the Value of Water? A Complex Question - University …
formulation, the economic value of water is the use value with adjustments for societal values. Then, the “intrinsic” value of water must be included to arrive at the full value of water (see …
Evaluating the economic impact of water scarcity in a …
the economic drivers of scarcity (through virtual water trade)6,8. Yet knowledge gaps remain concerning how the economic costs of future water scarcity will propagate between sectors and
Determining Utility System Value of Demand Flexibility from …
The scope of this report is limited to the valuation of economic benefits to the utility system. These are the foundational values on which other benefits (and costs) can be built. Establishing the …
DETERMINING ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED FOR …
operatives three of the four co-operatives destroyed value, while the other one created value in the first (1998) and last year (2001) under review. The timber co-operatives created value, …
EN - Finance
water and marine resources and for determining whether that economic activity causes no significant harm to any of the other environmental objectives ... desalination of marine or …
