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| diagram of memory hierarchy: Cache and Memory Hierarchy Design Steven A. Przybylski, 1990 A widely read and authoritative book for hardware and software designers. This innovative book exposes the characteristics of performance-optimal single- and multi-level cache hierarchies by approaching the cache design process through the novel perspective of minimizing execution time. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Cache and Memory Hierarchy Design Steven A. Przybylski, 2014-06-28 An authoritative book for hardware and software designers. Caches are by far the simplest and most effective mechanism for improving computer performance. This innovative book exposes the characteristics of performance-optimal single and multi-level cache hierarchies by approaching the cache design process through the novel perspective of minimizing execution times. It presents useful data on the relative performance of a wide spectrum of machines and offers empirical and analytical evaluations of the underlying phenomena. This book will help computer professionals appreciate the impact of caches and enable designers to maximize performance given particular implementation constraints. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing Bharat Bhushan Agarwal, Sumit Prakash Tayal, 2009 |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: C# for Artists Rick Miller, 2008 |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Java for Artists Rick Miller, Raffi Kasparian, 2006 Java For Artists: The Art, Philosophy, and Science of Object-Oriented Programming is a Java programming language text/tradebook that targets beginner and intermediate Java programmers. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Advances in Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering Tarek Sobh, Khaled Elleithy, 2007-09-27 Advances in Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering This book includes the proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering (SCSS’05). The proceedings are a set of rigorously reviewed world-class manuscripts addressing and detailing state-of-the-art research projects in the areas of computer science, software engineering, computer engineering, systems sciences and engineering, information technology, parallel and distributed computing and web-based programming. SCSS’05 was part of the International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering (CISSE’05) (www. cisse2005. org), the World’s first Engineering/Computing and Systems Research E-Conference. CISSE’05 was the first high-caliber Research Conference in the world to be completely conducted online in real-time via the internet. CISSE’05 received 255 research paper submissions and the final program included 140 accepted papers, from more than 45 countries. The concept and format of CISSE’05 were very exciting and ground-breaking. The PowerPoint presentations, final paper manuscripts and time schedule for live presentations over the web had been available for 3 weeks prior to the start of the conference for all registrants, so they could choose the presentations they want to attend and think about questions that they might want to ask. The live audio presentations were also recorded and were part of the permanent CISSE archive, which also included all power point presentations and papers. SCSS’05 provided a virtual forum for presentation and discussion of the state-of the-art research on Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Embedded Memory Design for Multi-Core and Systems on Chip Baker Mohammad, 2013-10-22 This book describes the various tradeoffs systems designers face when designing embedded memory. Readers designing multi-core systems and systems on chip will benefit from the discussion of different topics from memory architecture, array organization, circuit design techniques and design for test. The presentation enables a multi-disciplinary approach to chip design, which bridges the gap between the architecture level and circuit level, in order to address yield, reliability and power-related issues for embedded memory. |
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| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Organization and Design David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy, 2012 Rev. ed. of: Computer organization and design / John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson. 1998. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Organization James Gil de Lamadrid, 2018-02-19 Computer Organization: Basic Processor Structure is a class-tested textbook, based on the author’s decades of teaching the topic to undergraduate and beginning graduate students. The main questions the book tries to answer are: how is a processor structured, and how does the processor function, in a general-purpose computer? The book begins with a discussion of the interaction between hardware and software, and takes the reader through the process of getting a program to run. It starts with creating the software, compiling and assembling the software, loading it into memory, and running it. It then briefly explains how executing instructions results in operations in digit circuitry. The book next presents the mathematical basics required in the rest of the book, particularly, Boolean algebra, and the binary number system. The basics of digital circuitry are discussed next, including the basics of combinatorial circuits and sequential circuits. The bus communication architecture, used in many computer systems, is also explored, along with a brief discussion on interfacing with peripheral devices. The first part of the book finishes with an overview of the RTL level of circuitry, along with a detailed discussion of machine language. The second half of the book covers how to design a processor, and a relatively simple register-implicit machine is designed. ALSU design and computer arithmetic are discussed next, and the final two chapters discuss micro-controlled processors and a few advanced topics. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Fundamentals of Information Technology Bharihoke, 2009 The third edition of Fundamentals of Information Technology is a 'must have' book not only for BCA and MBA students, but also for all those who want to strengthen their knowledge of computers. The additional chapter on MS Office is a comprehensive study on MS Word, MS Excel and other components of the package. This book is packed with expert advice from eminent IT professionals, in-depth analyses and practical examples. It presents a detailed functioning of hardware components besides covering the software concepts. A broad overview of Computer architecture, Data representation in the computer, Operating systems, Database management systems, Programming languages, etc., has also been included. An additional chapter on Mobile Computing and other state-of-the-art innovations in the IT world have been incorporated. Not only that, the latest Internet technologies have also been covered in detail.One should use this book to acquire computer literacy in terms of how data is represented in a computer, how hardware devices are integrated to get the desired results, how the computer can be networked for interchanging data and establishing communication.Each chapter is followed by a number of review questions. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: C# For Artists Rick Miller, 2015-01-01 Supercharge your creative energy by recognizing and utilizing the power of the flow Learn a development cycle you can actually use at work Comprehensive programming project walk-through shows you how to apply the development cycle Project Approach Strategy helps you maintain programming project momentum C# Student Survival Guide helps you tackle any project thrown at you Apply real world programming techniques to produce professional code In-depth coverage of arrays eliminates their mystery Create complex GUIs using System.Windows.Forms components Learn the secrets of thread programming to create multithreaded applications Master the complexities of generic collections and learn how to create generic methods Discover three object-oriented design principles that will greatly improve your software architectures Learn how to design with inheritance and composition to create flexible and reliable software Create well-behaved objects that can be used predictably and reliably in C# .Net applications Learn how to use MSBuild to manage large programming projects Create multitiered database applications with the help of Microsoft's Enterprise Library Master the use of the singleton, factory, model-view-controller, and command software design patterns Reinforce your learning with the help of chapter learning objectives, skill-building exercises, suggested projects, and self-test questions Packed with numerous tables, lots of pictures, and tons of code examples - over 7500 lines of code All code examples were compiled, executed, and tested before being used in the book to ensure quality And much, much, more...! |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Physics and Technology of Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor CAAC-IGZO Shunpei Yamazaki, Masahiro Fujita, 2016-10-24 This book describes the application of c-axis aligned crystalline In-Ga-Zn oxide (CAAC-IGZO) technology in large-scale integration (LSI) circuits. The applications include Non-volatile Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory (NOSRAM), Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory (DOSRAM), central processing unit (CPU), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), image sensors, and etc. The book also covers the device physics (e.g., off-state characteristics) of the CAAC-IGZO field effect transistors (FETs) and process technology for a hybrid structure of CAAC-IGZO and Si FETs. It explains an extremely low off-state current technology utilized in the LSI circuits, demonstrating reduced power consumption in LSI prototypes fabricated by the hybrid process. A further two books in the series will describe the fundamentals; and the specific application of CAAC-IGZO to LCD and OLED displays. Key features: • Outlines the physics and characteristics of CAAC-IGZO FETs that contribute to favorable operations of LSI devices. • Explains the application of CAAC-IGZO to LSI devices, highlighting attributes including low off-state current, low power consumption, and excellent charge retention. • Describes the NOSRAM, DOSRAM, CPU, FPGA, image sensors, and etc., referring to prototype chips fabricated by a hybrid process of CAAC-IGZO and Si FETs. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Server Architectures René J. Chevance, 2004-12-31 The goal of this book is to present and compare various options one for systems architecture from two separate points of view. One, that of the information technology decision-maker who must choose a solution matching company business requirements, and secondly that of the systems architect who finds himself between the rock of changes in hardware and software technologies and the hard place of changing business needs. Different aspects of server architecture are presented, from databases designed for parallel architectures to high-availability systems, and touching en route on often- neglected performance aspects. - The book provides IT managers, decision makers and project leaders who want to acquire knowledge sufficient to understand the choices made in and capabilities of systems offered by various vendors - Provides system design information to balance the characteristic applications against the capabilities and nature of various architectural choices - In addition, it offers an integrated view of the concepts in server architecture, accompanied by discussion of effects on the evolution of the data processing industry |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Instrumentation and Control Systems for Nuclear Power Plants Mauro Cappelli, 2023-03-21 Instrumentation and Control Systems for Nuclear Power Plants provides the latest innovative research onthe design of effective modern I&C systems for both existing and newly commissioned plants, along withinformation on system implementation. Dr. Cappelli and his team of expert contributors cover fundamentals,explore the most advanced research in control systems technology, and tackle topics such as the human–machine interface, control room redesign, and control modeling. The inclusion of codes and standards,inspection procedures, and regulatory issues ensure that the reader can confidently design their own I&Csystems and integrate them into existing nuclear sites and projects. - Covers various viewpoints, including theory, modeling, design and applications of I&C systems - Includes codes and standards, inspection procedures and regulatory issues - Combines engineering and physics aspects in one thorough resource, presenting human factors, modeling and HMI together for the first time - Instrumentation and Control Systems for Nuclear Power Plants highlights the key role nuclear energy plays in the transition to a lower-carbon energy mix |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Logic Gates, Circuits, Processors, Compilers and Computers Jan Friso Groote, Rolf Morel, Julien Schmaltz, Adam Watkins, 2021-09-24 This undergraduate textbook first introduces basic electronic circuitry before explaining more advanced elements such as the Arithmetic Logic Unit, sequential circuits, and finally microprocessors. In keeping with this integrated and graduated approach, the authors then explain the relationship to first assembly programming, then higher-level languages, and finally computer organisation. Authors use the Raspberry Pi and ARM microprocessors for their explanations The material has been extensively class tested at TU Eindhoven by an experienced team of lecturers and researchers. This is a modern, holistic treatment of well-established topics, valuable for undergraduate students of computer science and electronics engineering and for self-study. The authors use the Raspberry Pi and ARM microprocessors for their explanations. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Parallel MATLAB for Multicore and Multinode Computers Jeremy Kepner, 2009-07-23 The first book on parallel MATLAB and the first parallel computing book focused on quickly producing efficient parallel programs. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Fundamentals, Organisation And Architecture , 2022-09-13 “Computer Fundamentals, Organizations and Architecture” this book is written for readers in fields like computer engineering, technological and others. This book covers topics like Fundamentals of Computers, Block Diagrams of Computers and their Functions, Concepts of Hardware, Software and Firmware, Computer memory and its types, Fundamentals of Digital Electronics, Complements of Fundamentals of Digital Electronics, Processor and control units and many more. There are two main stances on computers that are covered throughout the book. Two perspectives on computers exist the computer's wider structure and purpose and the programmer's. The first perspective discusses topics typically covered in an introductory computer science course, such as assembly language and computer organization, whereas the second discusses topics typically covered in an advanced computer science course. By doing so, we want to provide professors, students, and working engineers/scientists with enough knowledge to choose the best chapter(s) to cover in class or study before an exam. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Scaling Oracle8i James Morle, 2000 This is the complete, expert guide to building enterprise-class UNIX-based Oracle OLTP systems that deliver maximum performance and scalability. In Scaling Oracle 8i, one of the world's leading Oracle consultants introduces today's best methods and technologies for building industrial-strength Oracle database systems on UNIX platforms. Understand exactly what scalability means in the enterprise; then discover how to deliver it, step-by-step, from the ground up, through design, testing, construction, maintenance, benchmarking, and ongoing management. Morle covers every component that impacts performance, including hashing, caching, hardware architecture and I/O subsystems, Oracle database objects, data storage, memory structures, and a detailed review of the Oracle Parallel Server. Readers will find comprehensive coverage of tuning the underlying UNIX platform to improve OLTP response times; including co-engineering the kernel; working with virtual memory, I/O, interprocess communication; and more. Scaling Oracle 8i contains a full chapter on the special issues associated with e-commerce, as well as a detailed case study drawn from one of the world's largest car rental reservations systems. For all enterprise system architects, database engineers, and application developers working with Oracle. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Programming Multicore and Many-core Computing Systems Sabri Pllana, Fatos Xhafa, 2017-01-23 Programming multi-core and many-core computing systems Sabri Pllana, Linnaeus University, Sweden Fatos Xhafa, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain Provides state-of-the-art methods for programming multi-core and many-core systems The book comprises a selection of twenty two chapters covering: fundamental techniques and algorithms; programming approaches; methodologies and frameworks; scheduling and management; testing and evaluation methodologies; and case studies for programming multi-core and many-core systems. Program development for multi-core processors, especially for heterogeneous multi-core processors, is significantly more complex than for single-core processors. However, programmers have been traditionally trained for the development of sequential programs, and only a small percentage of them have experience with parallel programming. In the past, only a relatively small group of programmers interested in High Performance Computing (HPC) was concerned with the parallel programming issues, but the situation has changed dramatically with the appearance of multi-core processors on commonly used computing systems. It is expected that with the pervasiveness of multi-core processors, parallel programming will become mainstream. The pervasiveness of multi-core processors affects a large spectrum of systems, from embedded and general-purpose, to high-end computing systems. This book assists programmers in mastering the efficient programming of multi-core systems, which is of paramount importance for the software-intensive industry towards a more effective product-development cycle. Key features: Lessons, challenges, and roadmaps ahead. Contains real world examples and case studies. Helps programmers in mastering the efficient programming of multi-core and many-core systems. The book serves as a reference for a larger audience of practitioners, young researchers and graduate level students. A basic level of programming knowledge is required to use this book. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: C++: a Dialogue Steve Heller, 2003 Unlike many beginners' books, C++: A Dialog uses industry-standard C++ and the latest standard libraries - giving you skills you can use with any standard C++ toolset, in any programming environment. You even get all the example code and a standard C++ compiler on CD-ROM so you can write and compile your own standard C++ programs on any 32-bit Microsoft Windows platform.--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Expert C++ Marcelo Guerra Hahn, Araks Tigranyan, John Asatryan, Vardan Grigoryan, Shunguang Wu, 2023-08-25 Take your C++ skills to the next level with expert insights on advanced techniques, design patterns, and high-performance programming Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key Features Master templates, metaprogramming, and advanced functional programming techniques to elevate your C++ skills Design scalable and efficient C++ applications with the latest features of C++17 and C++20 Explore real-world examples and essential design patterns to optimize your code Book DescriptionAre you an experienced C++ developer eager to take your skills to the next level? This updated edition of Expert C++ is tailored to propel you toward your goals. This book takes you on a journey of building C++ applications while exploring advanced techniques beyond object-oriented programming. Along the way, you'll get to grips with designing templates, including template metaprogramming, and delve into memory management and smart pointers. Once you have a solid grasp of these foundational concepts, you'll advance to more advanced topics such as data structures with STL containers and explore advanced data structures with C++. Additionally, the book covers essential aspects like functional programming, concurrency, and multithreading, and designing concurrent data structures. It also offers insights into designing world-ready applications, incorporating design patterns, and addressing networking and security concerns. Finally, it adds to your knowledge of debugging and testing and large-scale application design. With Expert C++ as your guide, you'll be empowered to push the boundaries of your C++ expertise and unlock new possibilities in software development.What you will learn Go beyond the basics to explore advanced C++ programming techniques Develop proficiency in advanced data structures and algorithm design with C++17 and C++20 Implement best practices and design patterns to build scalable C++ applications Master C++ for machine learning, data science, and data analysis framework design Design world-ready applications, incorporating networking and security considerations Strengthen your understanding of C++ concurrency, multithreading, and optimizing performance with concurrent data structures Who this book is forThis book will empower experienced C++ developers to achieve advanced proficiency, enabling them to build professional-grade applications with the latest features of C++17 and C++20. If you’re an aspiring software engineer or computer science student, you’ll be able to master advanced C++ programming techniques through real-world applications that will prepare you for complex projects and real-world challenges. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Organisation and Architecture Pranabananda Chakraborty, 2020-09-30 Computer organization and architecture is becoming an increasingly important core subject in the areas of computer science and its applications, and information technology constantly steers the relentless revolution going on in this discipline. This textbook demystifies the state of the art using a simple and step-by-step development from traditional fundamentals to the most advanced concepts entwined with this subject, maintaining a reasonable balance among various theoretical principles, numerous design approaches, and their actual practical implementations. Being driven by the diversified knowledge gained directly from working in the constantly changing environment of the information technology (IT) industry, the author sets the stage by describing the modern issues in different areas of this subject. He then continues to effectively provide a comprehensive source of material with exciting new developments using a wealth of concrete examples related to recent regulatory changes in the modern design and architecture of different categories of computer systems associated with real-life instances as case studies, ranging from micro to mini, supermini, mainframes, cluster architectures, massively parallel processing (MPP) systems, and even supercomputers with commodity processors. Many of the topics that are briefly discussed in this book to conserve space for new materials are elaborately described from the design perspective to their ultimate practical implementations with representative schematic diagrams available on the book’s website. Key Features Microprocessor evolutions and their chronological improvements with illustrations taken from Intel, Motorola, and other leading families Multicore concept and subsequent multicore processors, a new standard in processor design Cluster architecture, a vibrant organizational and architectural development in building up massively distributed/parallel systems InfiniBand, a high-speed link for use in cluster system architecture providing a single-system image FireWire, a high-speed serial bus used for both isochronous real-time data transfer and asynchronous applications, especially needed in multimedia and mobile phones Evolution of embedded systems and their specific characteristics Real-time systems and their major design issues in brief Improved main memory technologies with their recent releases of DDR2, DDR3, Rambus DRAM, and Cache DRAM, widely used in all types of modern systems, including large clusters and high-end servers DVD optical disks and flash drives (pen drives) RAID, a common approach to configuring multiple-disk arrangements used in large server-based systems A good number of problems along with their solutions on different topics after their delivery Exhaustive material with respective figures related to the entire text to illustrate many of the computer design, organization, and architecture issues with examples are available online at http://crcpress.com/9780367255732 This book serves as a textbook for graduate-level courses for computer science engineering, information technology, electrical engineering, electronics engineering, computer science, BCA, MCA, and other similar courses. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Organization And Architecture P N Basu, The book covers the syllabi of Computer Organization and Architecture for most of the Indian universities and colleges. The author has carefully arranged the chapters and topics using Education Technology and Courseware Engineering Principles, with proper planning to help self-paced as well as guided learning. Large numbers of examples, solved problems and exercises have been incorporated to help students strengthen their base in the subject. A number of multiple choice questions have been included with answers and explanatory notes. The basic principles have been explained with appropriate lucid descriptions supported by explanatory diagrams and graphics. The advanced principles have been presented with in-depth explanation and relevant examples. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Embedded Systems James K. Peckol, 2019-04-15 Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool, Second Edition Embedded systems are one of the foundational elements of todays evolving and growing computer technology. From operating our cars, managing our smart phones, cleaning our homes, or cooking our meals, the special computers we call embedded systems are quietly and unobtrusively making our lives easier, safer, and more connected. While working in increasingly challenging environments, embedded systems give us the ability to put increasing amounts of capability into ever-smaller and more powerful devices. Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool, Second Edition introduces you to the theoretical hardware and software foundations of these systems and expands into the areas of signal integrity, system security, low power, and hardware-software co-design. The text builds upon earlier material to show you how to apply reliable, robust solutions to a wide range of applications operating in todays often challenging environments. Taking the users problem and needs as your starting point, you will explore each of the key theoretical and practical issues to consider when designing an application in todays world. Author James Peckol walks you through the formal hardware and software development process covering: Breaking the problem down into major functional blocks; Planning the digital and software architecture of the system; Utilizing the hardware and software co-design process; Designing the physical world interface to external analog and digital signals; Addressing security issues as an integral part of the design process; Managing signal integrity problems and reducing power demands in contemporary systems; Debugging and testing throughout the design and development cycle; Improving performance. Stressing the importance of security, safety, and reliability in the design and development of embedded systems and providing a balanced treatment of both the hardware and the software aspects, Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool, Second Edition gives you the tools for creating embedded designs that solve contemporary real-world challenges. Visit the book's website at: http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?action=index&bcsId=11853&itemId=1119457505 |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology Allen Kent, James G. Williams, 1990-08-20 This comprehensive reference work provides immediate, fingertip access to state-of-the-art technology in nearly 700 self-contained articles written by over 900 international authorities. Each article in the Encyclopedia features current developments and trends in computers, software, vendors, and applications...extensive bibliographies of leading figures in the field, such as Samuel Alexander, John von Neumann, and Norbert Wiener...and in-depth analysis of future directions. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Advanced Memory Optimization Techniques for Low-Power Embedded Processors Manish Verma, Peter Marwedel, 2007-06-20 This book proposes novel memory hierarchies and software optimization techniques for the optimal utilization of memory hierarchies. It presents a wide range of optimizations, progressively increasing in the complexity of analysis and of memory hierarchies. The final chapter covers optimization techniques for applications consisting of multiple processes found in most modern embedded devices. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Principles and Design in Verilog HDL Yamin Li, Tsinghua University Press, 2015-07-01 Uses Verilog HDL to illustrate computer architecture and microprocessor design, allowing readers to readily simulate and adjust the operation of each design, and thus build industrially relevant skills Introduces the computer principles, computer design, and how to use Verilog HDL (Hardware Description Language) to implement the design Provides the skills for designing processor/arithmetic/cpu chips, including the unique application of Verilog HDL material for CPU (central processing unit) implementation Despite the many books on Verilog and computer architecture and microprocessor design, few, if any, use Verilog as a key tool in helping a student to understand these design techniques A companion website includes color figures, Verilog HDL codes, extra test benches not found in the book, and PDFs of the figures and simulation waveforms for instructors |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Programming Persistent Memory Steve Scargall, 2020-01-09 Beginning and experienced programmers will use this comprehensive guide to persistent memory programming. You will understand how persistent memory brings together several new software/hardware requirements, and offers great promise for better performance and faster application startup times—a huge leap forward in byte-addressable capacity compared with current DRAM offerings. This revolutionary new technology gives applications significant performance and capacity improvements over existing technologies. It requires a new way of thinking and developing, which makes this highly disruptive to the IT/computing industry. The full spectrum of industry sectors that will benefit from this technology include, but are not limited to, in-memory and traditional databases, AI, analytics, HPC, virtualization, and big data. Programming Persistent Memory describes the technology and why it is exciting the industry. It covers the operating system and hardware requirements as well as how to create development environments using emulated or real persistent memory hardware. The book explains fundamental concepts; provides an introduction to persistent memory programming APIs for C, C++, JavaScript, and other languages; discusses RMDA with persistent memory; reviews security features; and presents many examples. Source code and examples that you can run on your own systems are included. What You’ll Learn Understand what persistent memory is, what it does, and the value it brings to the industry Become familiar with the operating system and hardware requirements to use persistent memory Know the fundamentals of persistent memory programming: why it is different from current programming methods, and what developers need to keep in mind when programming for persistence Look at persistent memory application development by example using the Persistent Memory Development Kit (PMDK)Design and optimize data structures for persistent memoryStudy how real-world applications are modified to leverage persistent memoryUtilize the tools available for persistent memory programming, application performance profiling, and debugging Who This Book Is For C, C++, Java, and Python developers, but will also be useful to software, cloud, and hardware architects across a broad spectrum of sectors, including cloud service providers, independent software vendors, high performance compute, artificial intelligence, data analytics, big data, etc. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Principles of Computer Architecture Miles Murdocca, Vincent P. Heuring, 2000 This piece covers computer architecture at the instruction set architecture (ISA) and system design levels. Starting with foundation material on data representation and computer arithmetic, the book moves through the basic components of a computer architecture, covering topics at increasing levels of complexity up through CISC, network architecture, and parallel architecture. The authors have adopted the use of a SPARC-subset for an instructional ISA called ARC (A RISC Computer), which is carried through the mainstream of the book, and is complemented with platform-independent software tools that simulate the ARC ISA as well as the MIPS and x86 (Pentium) ISAs. FEATURES/BENEFITS Choice of the instruction set architecture (ISA). The mainstream ISA ARC is a subset of the commercial SPARC, which strikes a balance between the complexity of a real-world architecture and the need for a simple instructional ISA. Companion Website http: //www.prenhall.com/murdocca Software available on Companion Website. Assembles and simulates program execution on SPARC-subset (ARC), MIPS, and Intel ISAs. Simulators and assemblers run an PCs, Macs, and Unix. Over 400 Adobe Acrobat slides Simplify lecture preparation. Password-protected area of Companion Website. Case studies. Over 200 homework problems. The major portion of the text deals with a high level look at computer architecture, while the appendices and case studies cover lower level, technology-dependent aspects. Allows computer architecture to be studied at all levels. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Science and Engineering Zainalabedin Navabi, David R. Kaeli, 2009-08-10 Computer Science and Engineering is a component of Encyclopedia of Technology, Information, and Systems Management Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Computer Science and Engineering provides the essential aspects and fundamentals of Hardware Architectures, Software Architectures, Algorithms and Data Structures, Programming Languages and Computer Security. It is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Vertical 3D Memory Technologies Betty Prince, 2014-08-13 The large scale integration and planar scaling of individual system chips is reaching an expensive limit. If individual chips now, and later terrabyte memory blocks, memory macros, and processing cores, can be tightly linked in optimally designed and processed small footprint vertical stacks, then performance can be increased, power reduced and cost contained. This book reviews for the electronics industry engineer, professional and student the critical areas of development for 3D vertical memory chips including: gate-all-around and junction-less nanowire memories, stacked thin film and double gate memories, terrabit vertical channel and vertical gate stacked NAND flash, large scale stacking of Resistance RAM cross-point arrays, and 2.5D/3D stacking of memory and processor chips with through-silicon-via connections now and remote links later. Key features: Presents a review of the status and trends in 3-dimensional vertical memory chip technologies. Extensively reviews advanced vertical memory chip technology and development Explores technology process routes and 3D chip integration in a single reference |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Advanced Python Programming Quan Nguyen, 2022-03-25 Write fast, robust, and highly reusable applications using Python's internal optimization, state-of-the-art performance-benchmarking tools, and cutting-edge libraries Key FeaturesBenchmark, profile, and accelerate Python programs using optimization toolsScale applications to multiple processors with concurrent programmingMake applications robust and reusable using effective design patternsBook Description Python's powerful capabilities for implementing robust and efficient programs make it one of the most sought-after programming languages. In this book, you'll explore the tools that allow you to improve performance and take your Python programs to the next level. This book starts by examining the built-in as well as external libraries that streamline tasks in the development cycle, such as benchmarking, profiling, and optimizing. You'll then get to grips with using specialized tools such as dedicated libraries and compilers to increase your performance at number-crunching tasks, including training machine learning models. The book covers concurrency, a major solution to making programs more efficient and scalable, and various concurrent programming techniques such as multithreading, multiprocessing, and asynchronous programming. You'll also understand the common problems that cause undesirable behavior in concurrent programs. Finally, you'll work with a wide range of design patterns, including creational, structural, and behavioral patterns that enable you to tackle complex design and architecture challenges, making your programs more robust and maintainable. By the end of the book, you'll be exposed to a wide range of advanced functionalities in Python and be equipped with the practical knowledge needed to apply them to your use cases. What you will learnWrite efficient numerical code with NumPy, pandas, and XarrayUse Cython and Numba to achieve native performanceFind bottlenecks in your Python code using profilersOptimize your machine learning models with JAXImplement multithreaded, multiprocessing, and asynchronous programsSolve common problems in concurrent programming, such as deadlocksTackle architecture challenges with design patternsWho this book is for This book is for intermediate to experienced Python programmers who are looking to scale up their applications in a systematic and robust manner. Programmers from a range of backgrounds will find this book useful, including software engineers, scientific programmers, and software architects. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Inside NAND Flash Memories Rino Micheloni, Luca Crippa, Alessia Marelli, 2010-07-27 Digital photography, MP3, digital video, etc. make extensive use of NAND-based Flash cards as storage media. To realize how much NAND Flash memories pervade every aspect of our life, just imagine how our recent habits would change if the NAND memories suddenly disappeared. To take a picture it would be necessary to find a film (as well as a traditional camera...), disks or even magnetic tapes would be used to record a video or to listen a song, and a cellular phone would return to be a simple mean of communication rather than a multimedia console. The development of NAND Flash memories will not be set down on the mere evolution of personal entertainment systems since a new killer application can trigger a further success: the replacement of Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) with Solid State Drives (SSDs). SSD is made up by a microcontroller and several NANDs. As NAND is the technology driver for IC circuits, Flash designers and technologists have to deal with a lot of challenges. Therefore, SSD (system) developers must understand Flash technology in order to exploit its benefits and countermeasure its weaknesses. Inside NAND Flash Memories is a comprehensive guide of the NAND world: from circuits design (analog and digital) to Flash reliability (including radiation effects), from testing issues to high-performance (DDR) interface, from error correction codes to NAND applications like Flash cards and SSDs. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Organization and Design RISC-V Edition David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy, 2017-05-12 The new RISC-V Edition of Computer Organization and Design features the RISC-V open source instruction set architecture, the first open source architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems. With the post-PC era now upon us, Computer Organization and Design moves forward to explore this generational change with examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the Cloud. Updated content featuring tablet computers, Cloud infrastructure, and the x86 (cloud computing) and ARM (mobile computing devices) architectures is included. An online companion Web site provides advanced content for further study, appendices, glossary, references, and recommended reading. - Features RISC-V, the first such architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments, such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems - Includes relevant examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the cloud |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computational Science – ICCS 2009 Gabrielle Allen, Jaroslaw Nabrzyski, Edward Seidel, Geert Dick van Albada, Jack Dongarra, Peter M.A. Sloot, 2009-05-20 “There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a tri?ing investment of fact. ” Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi The challenges in succeeding with computational science are numerous and deeply a?ect all disciplines. NSF’s 2006 Blue Ribbon Panel of Simulation-Based 1 Engineering Science (SBES) states ‘researchers and educators [agree]: com- tational and simulation engineering sciences are fundamental to the security and welfare of the United States. . . We must overcome di?culties inherent in multiscale modeling, the development of next-generation algorithms, and the design. . . of dynamic data-driven application systems. . . We must determine better ways to integrate data-intensive computing, visualization, and simulation. - portantly,wemustoverhauloureducationalsystemtofostertheinterdisciplinary study. . . The payo?sformeeting these challengesareprofound. ’The International Conference on Computational Science 2009 (ICCS 2009) explored how com- tational sciences are not only advancing the traditional hard science disciplines, but also stretching beyond, with applications in the arts, humanities, media and all aspects of research. This interdisciplinary conference drew academic and industry leaders from a variety of ?elds, including physics, astronomy, mat- matics,music,digitalmedia,biologyandengineering. Theconferencealsohosted computer and computational scientists who are designing and building the - ber infrastructure necessary for next-generation computing. Discussions focused on innovative ways to collaborate and how computational science is changing the future of research. ICCS 2009: ‘Compute. Discover. Innovate. ’ was hosted by the Center for Computation and Technology at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Energy Efficient and Reliable Embedded Nanoscale SRAM Design Bhupendra Singh Reniwal, Pooran Singh, Ambika Prasad Shah, Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma, 2023-11-29 This reference text covers a wide spectrum for designing robust embedded memory and peripheral circuitry. It will serve as a useful text for senior undergraduate and graduate students and professionals in areas including electronics and communications engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering. Discusses low-power design methodologies for static random-access memory (SRAM) Covers radiation-hardened SRAM design for aerospace applications Focuses on various reliability issues that are faced by submicron technologies Exhibits more stable memory topologies Nanoscale technologies unveiled significant challenges to the design of energy- efficient and reliable SRAMs. This reference text investigates the impact of process variation, leakage, aging, soft errors and related reliability issues in embedded memory and periphery circuitry. The text adopts a unique way to explain the SRAM bitcell, array design, and analysis of its design parameters to meet the sub-nano-regime challenges for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor devices. It comprehensively covers low- power-design methodologies for SRAM, exhibits more stable memory topologies, and radiation-hardened SRAM design for aerospace applications. Every chapter includes a glossary, highlights, a question bank, and problems. The text will serve as a useful text for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and professionals in areas including electronics and communications engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering. Discussing comprehensive studies of variability-induced failure mechanism in sense amplifiers and power, delay, and read yield trade-offs, this reference text will serve as a useful text for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and professionals in areas including electronics and communications engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering. It covers the development of robust SRAMs, well suited for low-power multi-core processors for wireless sensors node, battery-operated portable devices, personal health care assistants, and smart Internet of Things applications. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Computer Organization and Design ARM Edition David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy, 2016-05-06 The new ARM Edition of Computer Organization and Design features a subset of the ARMv8-A architecture, which is used to present the fundamentals of hardware technologies, assembly language, computer arithmetic, pipelining, memory hierarchies, and I/O. With the post-PC era now upon us, Computer Organization and Design moves forward to explore this generational change with examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the Cloud. Updated content featuring tablet computers, Cloud infrastructure, and the ARM (mobile computing devices) and x86 (cloud computing) architectures is included. An online companion Web site provides links to a free version of the DS-5 Community Edition (a free professional quality tool chain developed by ARM), as well as additional advanced content for further study, appendices, glossary, references, and recommended reading. - Covers parallelism in depth with examples and content highlighting parallel hardware and software topics - Features the Intel Core i7, ARM Cortex-A53, and NVIDIA Fermi GPU as real-world examples throughout the book - Adds a new concrete example, Going Faster, to demonstrate how understanding hardware can inspire software optimizations that improve performance by 200X - Discusses and highlights the Eight Great Ideas of computer architecture: Performance via Parallelism; Performance via Pipelining; Performance via Prediction; Design for Moore's Law; Hierarchy of Memories; Abstraction to Simplify Design; Make the Common Case Fast; and Dependability via Redundancy. - Includes a full set of updated exercises |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Semiconductor Memory Devices and Circuits Shimeng Yu, 2022-04-19 This book covers semiconductor memory technologies from device bit-cell structures to memory array design with an emphasis on recent industry scaling trends and cutting-edge technologies. The first part of the book discusses the mainstream semiconductor memory technologies. The second part of the book discusses the emerging memory candidates that may have the potential to change the memory hierarchy, and surveys new applications of memory technologies for machine/deep learning applications. This book is intended for graduate students in electrical and computer engineering programs and researchers or industry professionals in semiconductors and microelectronics. Explains the design of basic memory bit-cells including 6-transistor SRAM, 1-transistor-1-capacitor DRAM, and floating gate/charge trap FLASH transistor Examines the design of the peripheral circuits including the sense amplifier and array-level organization for the memory array Examines industry trends of memory technologies such as FinFET based SRAM, High-Bandwidth-Memory (HBM), 3D NAND Flash, and 3D X-point array Discusses the prospects and challenges of emerging memory technologies such as PCM, RRAM, STT-MRAM/SOT-MRAM and FeRAM/FeFET Explores the new applications such as in-memory computing for AI hardware acceleration. |
| diagram of memory hierarchy: Model-Based Performance Prediction for Concurrent Software on Multicore Architectures---A Simulation-Based Approach Frank, Markus Kilian, 2022-07-18 Die modellbasierte Performancevorhersage ist ein bekanntes Konzept zur Gewährleistung der Softwarequalität. Derzeitige Ansätze basieren auf einem Modell mit einer Metrik, was zu ungenauen Vorhersagen für moderne Architekturen führt. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Multi-Strategie-Ansatz zur Erweiterung von Performancevorhersagemodellen zur Unterstützung von Multicore-Architekturen vorgestellt, in Palladio implementiert und dadurch die Genauigkeit der Vorhersage deutlich verbessert. - Model-based performance prediction is a well-known concept to ensure the quality of software. Current approaches are based on a single-metric model, which leads to inaccurate predictions for modern architectures. This thesis presents a multi-strategies approach to extend performance prediction models to support multicore architectures. We implemented the strategies into Palladio and significantly increased the performance prediction power. |
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Flowchart Maker & Online Diagram Software
draw.io is free online diagram software. You can use it as a flowchart maker, network diagram software, to create UML online, as an ER diagram tool, to design database schema, to build …
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