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| examples of reference groups sociology: The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict Susan Olzak, 1994-07-01 This study of ethnic violence in the United States from 1877 to 1914 reveals that not all ethnic groups were equally likely to be victims of violence; the author seeks the reasons for this historical record. This analysis of the causes of urban racial and ethnic strife in large American cities at the turn of the century should comprise important empirical and theoretical reference material for social scientists and historians alike. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Key Concepts in Marketing Jim Blythe, 2009-02-16 `If you want a clear, well written and authoritative introduction to the ideas and concepts that underpin the marketing discipline, this is the book for you′ - Emeritus Professor Michael J Baker `Each section draws the reader in to the story - the what and why of marketing, and also deals well with how. While it is educational and informing it is also a jolly good read′ - Heather Skinner, Principal Lecturer, Glamorgan Business School The perfect quick reference text for your marketing course, Key Concepts in Marketing introduces and examines the key issues, methods, models and debates that define the field of marketing today. Over 50 essential concepts are covered, including the marketing mix, branding, consumerism, marketing communication and corporate image. Each entries features: - Useful definition box - Summary of the concept - A broader discussion - Examples and illustrations - Key literature references This extremely readable and accessible format provides the reader a wealth of information at their fingertips, and provides a valuable reference to any student of marketing. The SAGE Key Concepts series provides students with accessible and authoritative knowledge of the essential topics in a variety of disciplines. Cross-referenced throughout, the format encourages critical evaluation through understanding. Written by experienced and respected academics, the books are indispensable study aids and guides to comprehension. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Everyday Sociology Reader Karen Sternheimer, 2020-04-15 Innovative readings and blog posts show how sociology can help us understand everyday life. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Key Concepts in Social Research Geoff Payne, Judy Payne, 2004-03-18 `This clearly written and user-friendly book is ideal for students or researchers who wish to get a basic, but solid grasp of a topic and see how it fits with other topics. By following the links a student can easily and efficiently build up a clear conceptual map of social research′ - Malcolm Williams, Reader in Sociology, Cardiff University `This is a really useful book, written in an accessible manner for students beginning their study of social research methods. It is helpful both as an introductory text and as a reference guide for more advanced students. Most of the key topics in methods and methodology are covered and it will be suitable as a recommended text on a wide variety of courses′ - Clive Seale, Brunel University At last, an authoritative, crystal-clear introduction to research methods which really takes account of the needs of students for accessible, focused information to help with undergraduate essays and exams. The key concepts discussed here are based on a review of teaching syllabi and the authors′ experience of many years of teaching. Topics range over qualitative and quantitative approaches and combine practical considerations with philosophical issues. They include several new topics, like internet and phone polling, internet searches, and visual methods. Each section is free-standing, can be tackled in order, but with links to other sections to enable students to cross-reference and build up a wider understanding of central research methods. To facilitate comprehension and aid study, each section begins with a definition. It is followed by a summary of key points with key words and guides to further reading and up-to-date examples. The book is a major addition to undergraduate reading lists. It is reliable, allows for easy transference to essays and exams and easy to use, and exceptionally clearly written for student consumption. The book answers the needs of all those who find research methods daunting, and for those who have dreamt of an ideal introduction to the subject. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Social Organization; a Study of the Larger Mind Charles Horton Cooley, 1909 |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Introduction to Sociology 2e Nathan J. Keirns, Heather Griffiths, Eric Strayer, Susan Cody-Rydzewski, Gail Scaramuzzo, Sally Vyain, Tommy Sadler, Jeff D. Bry, Faye Jones, 2015-03-17 This text is intended for a one-semester introductory course.--Page 1. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity Robert K. Merton, Elinor Barber, 2011-11-28 From the names of cruise lines and bookstores to an Australian ranch and a nudist camp outside of Atlanta, the word serendipity--that happy blend of wisdom and luck by which something is discovered not quite by accident--is today ubiquitous. This book traces the word's eventful history from its 1754 coinage into the twentieth century--chronicling along the way much of what we now call the natural and social sciences. The book charts where the term went, with whom it resided, and how it fared. We cross oceans and academic specialties and meet those people, both famous and now obscure, who have used and abused serendipity. We encounter a linguistic sage, walk down the illustrious halls of the Harvard Medical School, attend the (serendipitous) birth of penicillin, and meet someone who manages serendipity for the U.S. Navy. The story of serendipity is fascinating; that of The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity, equally so. Written in the 1950s by already-eminent sociologist Robert Merton and Elinor Barber, the book--though occasionally and most tantalizingly cited--was intentionally never published. This is all the more curious because it so remarkably anticipated subsequent battles over research and funding--many of which centered on the role of serendipity in science. Finally, shortly after his ninety-first birthday, following Barber's death and preceding his own by but a little, Merton agreed to expand and publish this major work. Beautifully written, the book is permeated by the prodigious intellectual curiosity and generosity that characterized Merton's influential On the Shoulders of Giants. Absolutely entertaining as the history of a word, the book is also tremendously important to all who value the miracle of intellectual discovery. It represents Merton's lifelong protest against that rhetoric of science that defines discovery as anything other than a messy blend of inspiration, perspiration, error, and happy chance--anything other than serendipity. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology Michael A. Hogg, Scott Tindale, 2008-04-15 This handbook provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social psychology of group processes. The topics covered include group decisions, juries, group remembering, roles, status, leadership, social identity and group membership, socialization, group performance, negotiation and bargaining, emotion and mood, computer-mediated communication, organizations and mental health. Provides an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the social psychology of group processes. Written by leading researchers from around the world to provide a classic and current overview of research as well as providing a description of future trends within the area. Includes coverage of group decisions, juries, group remembering, roles, status, leadership, social identity and group membership, socialization, group performance, negotiation and bargaining, emotion and mood, computer-mediated communication, organizations and mental health. Essential reading for any serious scholar of group behavior. Now available in full text online via xreferplus, the award-winning reference library on the web from xrefer. For more information, visit www.xreferplus.com |
| examples of reference groups sociology: The Glass Ceiling in the 21st Century Manuela da Costa Barreto, Michelle K. Ryan, Michael T. Schmitt, 2009 Since the term glass ceiling was first coined in 1984, women have made great progress in terms of leadership equality with men in the workplace. However, women are still underrepresented in the upper echelons of organizations. This volume explains and offers remedies for this inequality. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: The Social Construction of Reality Peter L. Berger, Thomas Luckmann, 2011-04-26 A watershed event in the field of sociology, this text introduced “a major breakthrough in the sociology of knowledge and sociological theory generally” (George Simpson, American Sociological Review). In this seminal book, Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann examine how knowledge forms and how it is preserved and altered within a society. Unlike earlier theorists and philosophers, Berger and Luckmann go beyond intellectual history and focus on commonsense, everyday knowledge—the proverbs, morals, values, and beliefs shared among ordinary people. When first published in 1966, this systematic, theoretical treatise introduced the term social construction,effectively creating a new thought and transforming Western philosophy. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: The Sociology of the Individual Athanasia Chalari, 2016-11-08 What it socialization? What is interaction? What do we mean by identity? How can we explain the notion of self? What do we mean by intra-action? The Sociology of the Individual is an innovative and though-provoking sociological exploration of how the ideas of the individual and society relate. Expertly combining conceptual depth with clarity of style, Athanasia Chalari: explains the key sociological and psychological theories related to the investigation of the social and the personal analyses the ways that both sociology and psychology can contribute to a more complete understanding and theorising of everyday life uses a mix of international cases and everyday examples to encourage critical reflection. The Sociology of the Individual is an essential read for upper level undergraduates or postgraduates looking for a deeper and more sophisticated understanding of the connection between the social world and the inner life of the individual. Perfect for modules exploring the sociology of the self, self and society, and self and identity. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Focus Groups in Social Research Michael Bloor, 2001-03-08 There is an increasing divergence of focus group practice between social researchers and commercial market researchers. This book addresses the key issues and practical requirements of the social researcher, namely: the kinds of social research issues for which focus groups are most and least suitable; optimum group size and composition; and the designing of focusing exercises, facilitation and appropriate analysis. The authors use examples, drawn from their own focus groups research experience, and provide exercises for further study. They address the three main components of composition, conduct and analysis in focus group research and also acknowledge the increasing impact the Internet has had on social research by cover |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Human Nature and the Social Order Charles Horton Cooley, 1902 This work remains a pioneer sociological treatise on American culture. By understanding the individual not as the product of society but as its mirror image, Cooley concludes that the social order cannot be imposed from outside human nature but that it arises from the self. Cooley stimulated pedagogical inquiry into the dynamics of society with the publication of Human Nature and the Social Order in 1902. Human Nature and the Social Order is something more than an admirable ethical treatise. It is also a classic work on the process of social communication as the very stuff of which the self is made. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations John M Levine, Michael A. Hogg, 2010 This two-volume encyclopedia covers concepts from across the spectrum, from group phenomena to phenomena influenced by group membership, from small group interaction to intergroup relations on a global scale. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: The Oxford Handbook of Social Influence Stephen G. Harkins, Kipling D. Williams, Jerry M. Burger, 2017 The Oxford Handbook of Social Influence restores this important field to its once preeminent position within social psychology. Editors Harkins, Williams, and Burger lead a team of leading scholars as they explore a variety of topics within social influence, seamlessly incorporating a range of analyses (including intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intragroup), and examine critical theories and the role of social influence in applied settings today. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality Dennis L. Gilbert, 2017-12-07 With the latest data on income, wealth, earnings, and residential segregation by income, The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, Tenth Edition describes a consistent pattern of growing inequality in the United States since the early 1970s. Focusing on the socioeconomic core of the American class system, author Dennis L. Gilbert examines how changes in the economy, family life, globalization, and politics are contributing to increasing class inequality. New to this Edition “The Class Basis of Trump's Victory” looks at why for the first time since before the 1932 election, the Republican presidential candidate won a greater proportion of the working class vote than the Democratic opponent. Addresses the role of technology and other factors in the decline of manufacturing employment and how the trend is crucial for understanding growing inequality and changes in working class family life. Offers international comparisons to show how the U.S. compares with other wealthy nations on social mobility and poverty, and questions our conception of the U.S. as a uniquely open society. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Encyclopedia of Social Psychology Roy F. Baumeister, Kathleen D. Vohs, 2007-08-29 The set offers clear descriptions of commonly used and sometimes misunderstood terms, e.g., cultural differences, authoritarian personality, and neuroticism. The field has expanded since publication of The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, ed. by A. Manstead and M. Hewstone et al. (CH, Jan ′96, 33-2457), and this work is a valuable response to that. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels. —CHOICE Not long ago, social psychology was a small field consisting of creative, energetic researchers bent on trying to study a few vexing problems in normal adult human behavior with rigorous scientific methods. In a few short decades, the field has blossomed into a major intellectual force, with thousands of researchers worldwide exploring a stunningly diverse set of fascinating phenomena with an impressive arsenal of research methods and ever more carefully honed theories. The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is designed as a road map to this rapidly growing and important field and provides individuals with a simple, clear, jargon-free introduction. These two volumes include more than 600 entries chosen by a diverse team of experts to comprise an exhaustive list of the most important concepts. Entries provide brief, clear, and readable explanations to the vast number of ideas and concepts that make up the intellectual and scientific content in the area of social psychology. Key Features Provides background to each concept, explains what researchers are now doing with it, and discusses where it stands in relation to other concepts in the field Translates jargon into plain, clear, everyday language rather than speaking in the secret language of the discipline Offers contributions from prominent, well-respected researchers extending over the many subfields of social psychology that collectively have a truly amazing span of expertise Key Themes Action Control Antisocial Behaviors Attitude Culture Emotions Evolution Groups Health History Influence Interpersonal Relationships Judgment and Decision Making Methods Personality Prejudice Problem Behaviors Prosocial Behaviors Self Social Cognition Subdisciplines The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is the first resource to present students, researchers, scholars, and practitioners with state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts from this fascinating field. It is a must have resource for all academic libraries. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach James M Henslin, Adam M Possamai, Alphia L Possamai-Inesedy, Tim Marjoribanks, Katriona Elder, 2015-05-20 James Henslin has always been able to share the excitement of sociology, with his acclaimed down-to-earth approach and personal writing style that highlight the sociology of everyday life and its relevance to students' lives. Adapted for students studying within Australia, this text, now in a second edition, has been made even more relevant and engaging to students. With wit, personal reflection, and illuminating examples, the local author team share their passion for sociology, promote sociology to students and entice them to delve deeper into this exciting science. Six central themes run throughout this text: down-to-earth sociology, globalisation, cultural diversity, critical thinking, the new technology, and the growing influence of the mass media on our lives. These themes are especially useful for introducing the controversial topics that make studying sociology such a lively, exciting activity. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: An Introduction to Sociology Anthony Giddens, Mitchell Duneier, 2000-04-01 |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Understanding Consumer Decision Making Thomas J. Reynolds, Jerry C. Olson, 2001-05 This edited volume will help business and academic researchers understand the means-end approach to understanding consumers. This is a qualitative marketing research method to gain customer insight into decision making. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Folkways William Graham Sumner, 1906 |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Sociology Harry M. Johnson, 2013-10-28 First published in 1998. Part of the International library of Sociology, volume XVI of twenty-two on Social theory and methodology, focuses on giving the reader a systematic introduction to Sociology in the form of a manual of instruction which brings together hundreds of resources. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: social research to test ideas samuel a. stouffer, 1962 |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Sociology : A Systematic Introduction Harry Morton Johnson, 2011 |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language Peter A. French, Theodore Edward Uehling, Howard K. Wettstein, 1979 Contemporary Perspectives in the Philosophy of Language was first published in 1983. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. This volume, an expanded edition of the philosophy of language issue of the journal Midwest Studies in Philosophy (1977), includes essays by some of the foremost exponents of the most influential current approaches to the philosophy of language. There are new contributions to this edition by Keith S. Donnellan, Jerrold J. Katz, Barbara Partee, John Searle, Richmond Thomason and Zeno Vendler. Essays drawn from the original edition are by W. V. Quine, Keith S Donnellan, Stephen Schiffer, Donnis W. Stampe, Baruch A Brody, Panayot Butchvarov, Fred I. Dretske, Jaegwon Kim, David Shwayder, J. O. Urmson, Michael Levin, David E. Cooper, John Wallace, Hector-Neri Castaneda, Howard K Wettstein, Herbert Hochberg, Nelson Goodman, Wilfrid Sellars, Michael Root, Bruce Aune, Donald Davidson, and Saul Kripke. Of special interest in the original edition was Kripke's paper Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference, Descriptions, and Anaphora, Presents a rebuttal to Kripke's essay and attempts to establish referential attributive distinction as semantically significant. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: An Introduction to Sociology Bryan S. R. Green, Edward A. Johns, 2013-10-22 An Introduction to Sociology presents the theoretical approaches, the methods of inquiry, and the concepts with which sociologists attempt to order the intricate phenomena of social interaction. This book provides an illustration of particular investigations that may provide some insights into substantive features of society and social behavior. Organized into six chapters, this book starts with an overview of scientific proposition, which is the statement of a relationship between specified properties of events and objects. This text then explains the fundamental concepts that appear in the empirical and theoretical writings of sociologists. Other chapters present a discussion of what sociologists actually study, which includes the substantive areas of investigation and the aims of the investigation. This book discusses as well the institutionalized areas of society, including the family, the economy, and the polity. The final chapter deals with the theories of the middle-range. This book is a valuable resource for sociologists. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: An Outline of Social Psychology Muzafer Sherif, Carolyn W. Sherif, 1956 |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Class and Conformity Melvin Kohn, 1989-09-15 First published in 1969 and augmented by the author with a new essay in 1977, Class and Conformity remains a model of sociological craftsmanship. Kohn's work marshals evidence from three studies to show a decided connection between social class and values. He emphasizes that occupation fosters either self-direction or conformity in people, depending upon the amount of freedom from supervision, the complexity of the task, and the variety of the work that the job entails. The extent of parents' self-direction on the job further determines the value placed on self-direction for the children; this, Kohn finds, is the most critical and pervasive factor distingushing children raised in different socioeconomic classes.--Back cover. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Society in Focus William E. Thompson, Joseph V. Hickey, Mica L. Thompson, 2018-11-13 Society in Focus: An Introduction to Sociology, Ninth Edition,emphasizes how society and socialforces affect everything from globalizationand international policies to day-to-dayactivities in our personal lives. In thisedition, the authors go beyond the merequestioning of issues to take a closer lookat the social world in which we live. Theyprovide an integrated approach that usessociological thinking to help studentsanalyze and understand key concepts. Tofocus increased attention on sociologicalthinking and research methods, theyhave chosen four key themes: media andtechnology, globalization, cultural diversity,and trends for the future. Because sociologyis about all of us and our daily lives, it is aneminently practical and useful discipline forunderstanding our social world. This Ninth Edition Includes: • specific student outcomes for each chapter as well as assessment items linked to those outcomes • new chapter-opening vignettes that give real-life examples illustrating important terms, concepts, and theories included in that chapter • updated data, statistics, maps, charts, boxes, and tables citing the latest research available • examples of the powerful impact of media and technology on society, especially the role social media play in helping to shape and define our daily social lives • new photos and cartoons accompanied by critical-thinking questions that reinforce and illustrate important sociological terms, concepts, and theories |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Attitudes and Opinions Stuart Oskamp, P. Wesley Schultz, 2005-01-15 Notable advances resulting from new research findings, measurement approaches, widespread uses of the Internet, and increasingly sophisticated approaches to sampling and polling, have stimulated a new generation of attitude scholars. This extensively revised edition captures this excitement, while remaining grounded in scholarly research. Attitudes and Opinions, 3/e maintains one of the main goals of the original edition--breadth of coverage. The book thoroughly reviews both implicit and explicit measures of attitudes, the structure and function of attitudes, the nature of public opinion and polling, attitude formation, communication of attitudes and opinions, and the relationship between attitudes and behaviors, as well as theories and research on attitude change. Over 2,000 references support the book's scientific integrity. The authors' second goal is to demonstrate the relevance of the topic to people's lives. Subsequently, the second part of the book examines many of the topics and research findings that are salient in the world today--political and international attitudes (including terrorism), voting behavior, racism and prejudice, sexism and gender roles, and environmental attitudes. This thoroughly revised new edition features: *an entirely new chapter on implicit measures attitudes; *a new chapter on environmental attitudes; *updated opinion poll data throughout the book; *additional material on time trends in attitudes about many issues; and *expanded, updated sections on international attitudes reflecting the events of 9/11 and the subsequent invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Attitudes and Opinions' broad and interdisciplinary perspective makes this an ideal text in courses on attitudes, public opinion, survey research, or persuasion, taught in a variety of departments including psychology, communication, marketing, sociology, and political science. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: The Promise of Adolescence National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Neurobiological and Socio-behavioral Science of Adolescent Development and Its Applications, 2019-07-26 Adolescenceâ€beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Contemporary Sociological Theory Craig Calhoun, Joseph Gerteis, James Moody, Steven Pfaff, Indermohan Virk, 2012-01-10 This comprehensive collection of contemporary sociological theory is the definitive guide to current perspectives and approaches in the field, examining key topics and debates in the field. Collects the most representative material available on topics such as symbolic interactionism, phenomenology, structuralism, network theory, critical theory, feminist theory, and the debates over modernity and postmodernity Includes examinations of the work of Foucault, Giddens, and Bourdieu A new section for this edition opens up the debate on power and inequality Thematically organized |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Sociology Kenneth C. W. Kammeyer, George Ritzer, Norman R. Yetman, 1994 A comprehensive introductory sociology textbook. This edition retains its basic 18 chapter format and includes a thorough updating of all data and references. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Reference Groups and the Theory of Revolution (Routledge Revivals) John Urry, 2013-05-13 First published in 1973, this is a reissue of John Urry's important and influential study of the theory of revolution. Part 1 offers a detailed discussion of the concept of the reference group, tracing its development from the symbolic interactionist tradition and then showing how it came to be used in ways which emasculated some of the suppositions of that tradition. Part 2 sets out a theory of revolutionary dissent, in which Dr Urry emphasizes the interconnection between analyses on the level of the social structure and the social actor. The final section demonstrates the value of this theory by using it to account for the varying patterns of action and revolutionary thought and action in the Dutch East Indies in the first half of this century. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Sociology for Nurses Shama Lohumi, 2015-08-31 Brief yet containing the whole of the INC-prescribed syllabus, this book primarily aims at catering to the curricular needs of B.Sc. nursing students. It will, however, be of immense use for the GNM students and the degree students of various streams studying sociology. - Written with a view to fulfil the requirement of student nurses. - Includes substantially new approaches/aspects on the various topics. - Contains the latest data in chapters relating to demography, population, social problems and national health-related programmes. - Contains exam-oriented questions at the end of chapters. - Has multiple-choice questions, which help students have a firm grasp on the subject |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Consumer Behavior Delbert I. Hawkins, Roger J. Best, Kenneth A. Coney, 2003-03 Consumer Behavior, 9/e, by Hawkins, Best, & Coney offers balanced coverage of consumer behavior including the psychological, social, and managerial implications. The new edition features current and exciting examples that are tied into global and technology consumer behavior issues and trends, a solid foundation in marketing strategy, integrated coverage of ethical/social issues and outlines the consumer decision process. This text is known for its ability to link topics back to marketing decision-making and strategic planning which gives students the foundation to understanding consumer behavior which will make them better consumers and better marketers. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Theory of Collective Behavior Neil J. Smelser, 2018-11-11 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: The Psychology of Status (Classic Reprint) Herbert Hiram Hyman, 2016-12-21 Excerpt from The Psychology of Status The intent of the following discussion is to show the necessity of distinguishing between objective and subjective status. There is no intent, however, to minimize the importance of objective status as a variable correlated with subjective status or as a variable that partially determines subjective status. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. |
| examples of reference groups sociology: My Secret Life on the McJob: Lessons from Behind the Counter Guaranteed to Supersize Any Management Style Jerry Newman, 2007-01-02 Once upon a time, a Ph.D. went to work at Mickey D's... And what he found was illuminating. Jerry Newman, a college professor who has taught business courses for nearly 30 years, went undercover as a bottom-rung worker for the biggest names in fast food, including McDonald's and Burger King. Newman found that fast-food chains were the perfect petri dishes for covert research: High-pressure, high-volume businesses with high-employee turnover. The pecking order was also crystal clear, from fry cook all the way up to store manager. Of the seven restaurants where Newman worked, some were high-morale, high-productivity machines. Others were miserable, misplaced circles of hell. Yet one common trait stuck out from them all: Each restaurant's respective manager determined the climate of the work environment. Go behind the fast food counter with Newman and see what happens on an average day on the “McJob”... how the restaurants are run (for better or worse) how managers reward good employees when raises are impossible (believe it or not, bosses give 'em more hours-and it works!) how morale and motivation spring directly from the manager's office and how a few simple adjustments to your own management style-the “Supersized Management Principles” in this book-can transform and invigorate your workplace |
| examples of reference groups sociology: Cinderella Ate My Daughter Peggy Orenstein, 2011-01-25 Peggy Orenstein, acclaimed author of the groundbreaking New York Times bestsellers Girls & Sex and Schoolgirls, offers a radical, timely wake-up call for parents, revealing the dark side of a pretty and pink culture confronting girls at every turn as they grow into adults. Sweet and sassy or predatory and hardened, sexualized girlhood influences our daughters from infancy onward, telling them that how a girl looks matters more than who she is. Somewhere between the exhilarating rise of Girl Power in the 1990s and today, the pursuit of physical perfection has been recast as the source of female empowerment. And commercialization has spread the message faster and farther, reaching girls at ever-younger ages. But how dangerous is pink and pretty, anyway? Being a princess is just make-believe; eventually they grow out of it . . . or do they? In search of answers, Peggy Orenstein visited Disneyland, trolled American Girl Place, and met parents of beauty-pageant preschoolers tricked out like Vegas showgirls. The stakes turn out to be higher than she ever imagined. From premature sexualization to the risk of depression to rising rates of narcissism, the potential negative impact of this new girlie-girl culture is undeniable—yet armed with awareness and recognition, parents can effectively counterbalance its influence in their daughters' lives. |
Examples - Apache ECharts
Apache ECharts，一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Apache ECharts
ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文、技术报告、新闻报告、教育、专利以及其他相关活动中使用了 …
Events - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Apache ECharts，一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Apache ECharts
ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文、技术报告、新闻报告、教育、专利以及其他相关活动中使用了 …
Events - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
