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| examples of commons in environmental science: Managing the Commons, Second Edition John A. Baden, Douglas S. Noonan, 1998-04-22 Garrett Hardin's seminal essay The Tragedy of the Commons appeared in 1968 and has been at the center of the debate on commonly owned ground or resources such as Western public grazing or the oceans. This is the second edition of a book exploring the issues raised in Hardin's essay. As scarce resources are increasingly strained. It is ever more crucial to identify those resources which are held in common and are therefore prone to tragic waste and abuses. The essay in this volume focus on alternate institutional approaches to managing these resources to prevent such tragedy. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Environmental Science For Dummies Alecia M. Spooner, 2012-06-22 The easy way to score high in Environmental Science Environmental science is a fascinating subject, but some students have a hard time grasping the interrelationships of the natural world and the role that humans play within the environment. Presented in a straightforward format, Environmental Science For Dummies gives you plain-English, easy-to-understand explanations of the concepts and material you'll encounter in your introductory-level course. Here, you get discussions of the earth's natural resources and the problems that arise when resources like air, water, and soil are contaminated by manmade pollutants. Sustainability is also examined, including the latest advancements in recycling and energy production technology. Environmental Science For Dummies is the most accessible book on the market for anyone who needs to get a handle on the topic, whether you're looking to supplement classroom learning or simply interested in learning more about our environment and the problems we face. Presents straightforward information on complex concepts Tracks to a typical introductory level Environmental Science course Serves as an excellent supplement to classroom learning If you're enrolled in an introductory Environmental Science course or studying for the AP Environmental Science exam, this hands-on, friendly guide has you covered. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Governing the Commons Elinor Ostrom, 2015-09-23 Tackles one of the most enduring and contentious issues of positive political economy: common pool resource management. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics , 2012-01-10 The Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, Second Edition, Four Volume Set addresses both the physiological and the psychological aspects of human behavior. Carefully crafted, well written, and thoroughly indexed, the encyclopedia helps users - whether they are students just beginning formal study of the broad field or specialists in a branch of psychology - understand the field and how and why humans behave as we do. The work is an all-encompassing reference providing a comprehensive and definitive review of the field. A broad and inclusive table of contents ensures detailed investigation of historical and theoretical material as well as in-depth analysis of current issues. Several disciplines may be involved in applied ethics: one branch of applied ethics, for example, bioethics, is commonly explicated in terms of ethical, legal, social, and philosophical issues. Editor-in-Chief Ruth Chadwick has put together a group of leading contributors ranging from philosophers to practitioners in the particular fields in question, to academics from disciplines such as law and economics. The 376 chapters are divided into 4 volumes, each chapter falling into a subject category including Applied Ethics; Bioethics; Computers and Information Management; Economics/Business; Environmental Ethics; Ethics and Politics; Legal; Medical Ethics; Philosophy/Theories; Social; and Social/Media. Concise entries (ten pages on average) provide foundational knowledge of the field Each article will features suggested readings pointing readers to additional sources for more information, a list of related websites, a 5-10 word glossary and a definition paragraph, and cross-references to related articles in the encyclopedia Newly expanded editorial board and a host of international contributors from the US, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom The 376 chapters are divided into 4 volumes, each chapter falling into a subject category including Applied Ethics; Bioethics; Computers and Information Management; Economics/Business; Environmental Ethics; Ethics and Politics; Legal; Medical Ethics; Philosophy/Theories; Social; and Social/Media |
| examples of commons in environmental science: The Uncommon Knowledge of Elinor Ostrom Erik Nordman, 2021-07-08 In the 1970s, the accepted environmental thinking was that overpopulation was destroying the earth. Prominent economists and environmentalists agreed that the only way to stem the tide was to impose restrictions on how we used resources, such as land, water, and fish, from either the free market or the government. This notion was upended by Elinor Ostrom, whose work to show that regular people could sustainably manage their community resources eventually won her the Nobel Prize. Ostrom’s revolutionary proposition fundamentally changed the way we think about environmental governance. In The Uncommon Knowledge of Elinor Ostrom, author Erik Nordman brings to life Ostrom’s brilliant mind. Half a century ago, she was rejected from doctoral programs because she was a woman; in 2009, she became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economics. Her research challenged the long-held dogma championed by Garrett Hardin in his famous 1968 essay, “The Tragedy of the Commons,” which argued that only market forces or government regulation can prevent the degradation of common pool resources. The concept of the “Tragedy of the Commons” was built on scarcity and the assumption that individuals only act out of self-interest. Ostrom’s research proved that people can and do act in collective interest, coming from a place of shared abundance. Ostrom’s ideas about common resources have played out around the world, from Maine lobster fisheries, to ancient waterways in Spain, to taxicabs in Nairobi. In writing The Uncommon Knowledge of Elinor Ostrom, Nordman traveled extensively to interview community leaders and stakeholders who have spearheaded innovative resource-sharing systems, some new, some centuries old. Through expressing Ostrom’s ideas and research, he also reveals the remarkable story of her life. Ostrom broke barriers at a time when women were regularly excluded from academia and her research challenged conventional thinking. Elinor Ostrom proved that regular people can come together to act sustainably—if we let them. This message of shared collective action is more relevant than ever for solving today’s most pressing environmental problems. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Collective Behavior The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative, 2015-06-25 Collective Behavior is the summary of the 2014 National Academies Keck Futures Initiative Conference on Collective Behavior. Participants were divided into fourteen interdisciplinary research teams. The teams spent nine hours over two days exploring diverse challenges at the interface of science, engineering, and medicine. The composition of the teams was intentionally diverse, to encourage the generation of new approaches by combining a range of different types of contributions. The teams included researchers from science, engineering, and medicine, as well as representatives from private and public funding agencies, universities, businesses, journals, and the science media. Researchers represented a wide range of experience - from postdoc to those well established in their careers - from a variety of disciplines that included science and engineering, medicine, physics, biology, economics, and behavioral science. The teams needed to address the challenge of communicating and working together from a diversity of expertise and perspectives as they attempted to solve a complicated, interdisciplinary problem in a relatively short time. This report highlights the presentations of the event and includes the team reports and pre-meeting materials. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Geology For Dummies Alecia M. Spooner, 2011-07-26 Get a rock-solid grasp on geology Geology is the study of the earth's history as well as the physical and chemical processes that continue to shape the earth today. Jobs in the geosciences are expected to increase over the next decade, which will increase geology-related jobs well above average projection for all occupations in the coming years. Geology For Dummies is the most accessible book on the market for anyone who needs to get a handle on the subject, whether you?re looking to supplement classroom learning or are simply interested in earth sciences. Presented in a straightforward, trusted format, it features a thorough introduction to the study of the earth, its materials, and its processes. Tracks to a typical college-level introductory geology course An 8-page color insert includes photos of rocks, minerals, and geologic marvels Covers geological processes; rock records and geologic times; matter, minerals, and rock; and more Geology For Dummies is an excellent classroom supplement for all students who enroll in introductory geology courses, from geology majors to those who choose earth science courses as electives. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Thinking Like a Mall Steven Vogel, 2015-05 A provocative argument that environmental thinking would be better off if it dropped the concept of “nature” altogether and spoke instead of the built environment. Environmentalism, in theory and practice, is concerned with protecting nature. But if we have now reached “the end of nature,” as Bill McKibben and other environmental thinkers have declared, what is there left to protect? In Thinking like a Mall, Steven Vogel argues that environmental thinking would be better off if it dropped the concept of “nature” altogether and spoke instead of the “environment”—that is, the world that actually surrounds us, which is always a built world, the only one that we inhabit. We need to think not so much like a mountain (as Aldo Leopold urged) as like a mall. Shopping malls, too, are part of the environment and deserve as much serious consideration from environmental thinkers as do mountains. Vogel argues provocatively that environmental philosophy, in its ethics, should no longer draw a distinction between the natural and the artificial and, in its politics, should abandon the idea that something beyond human practices (such as “nature”) can serve as a standard determining what those practices ought to be. The appeal to nature distinct from the built environment, he contends, may be not merely unhelpful to environmental thinking but in itself harmful to that thinking. The question for environmental philosophy is not “how can we save nature?” but rather “what environment should we inhabit, and what practices should we engage in to help build it?” |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Climate Capitalism L. Hunter Lovins, Boyd Cohen, 2011-04-12 Believe in climate change. Or don't. It doesn't matter. But you'd better understand this: the best route to rebuilding our economy, our cities, and our job markets, as well as assuring national security, is doing precisely what you would do if you were scared to death about climate change. Whether you're the head of a household or the CEO of a multinational corporation, embracing efficiency, innovation, renewables, carbon markets, and new technologies is the smartest decision you can make. It's the most profitable, too. And, oh yes—you'll help save the planet. In Climate Capitalism, L. Hunter Lovins, coauthor of the bestselling Natural Capitalism, and the sustainability expert Boyd Cohen prove that the future of capitalism in a recession-riddled, carbon-constrained world will be built on innovations that cutting-edge leaders are bringing to the market today. These companies are creating jobs and driving innovation. Climate Capitalism delivers hundreds of indepth case studies of international corporations, small businesses, NGOs, and municipalities to prove that energy efficiency and renewable resources are already driving prosperity. While highlighting business opportunities across a range of sectors—including energy, construction, transportation, and agriculture technologies—Lovins and Cohen also show why the ex–CIA director Jim Woolsey drives a solar-powered plugin hybrid vehicle. His bumper sticker says it all: Osama bin Laden hates my car. Corporate executives, entrepreneurs, environmentalists, and concerned citizens alike will find profitable ideas within these pages. In ten information-packed chapters, Climate Capitalism gives tangible examples of early adopters across the globe who see that the low-carbon economy leads to increased profits and economic growth. It offers a clear and concise road map to the new energy economy and a cooler planet. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Environmental Science For Dummies Alecia M. Spooner, 2023-04-25 Ace your environmental science class and get smart about the environment Environmental Science For Dummies is a straightforward guide to the interrelationships of the natural world and the role that humans play in the environment. This book tracks to a typical introductory environmental science curriculum at the college level—and is great as a supplement or study guide for AP Environmental Science, too. Uncover fascinating facts about the earth’s natural resources and the problems that arise when resources like air, water, and soil are contaminated by pollutants. If you’re in need of extra help for a class, considering a career in environmental science, or simply care about our planet and want to learn more about helping the environment, this friendly Dummies resource is a great place to start. The key concepts of environmental science, clearly explained All about the changing climate, including new understanding of methane release in the arctic Earth’s natural resources and the importance of protecting them A new chapter on environmental justice, where issues of poverty and sustainability intersect A solid foundation in environmental science is essential for anyone looking for a career in the field—and is important knowledge for all of us as we work together to build a sustainable future. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Physics in a New Era National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Physics Survey Overview Committee, 2001-07-15 Physics at the beginning of the twenty-first century has reached new levels of accomplishment and impact in a society and nation that are changing rapidly. Accomplishments have led us into the information age and fueled broad technological and economic development. The pace of discovery is quickening and stronger links with other fields such as the biological sciences are being developed. The intellectual reach has never been greater, and the questions being asked are more ambitious than ever before. Physics in a New Era is the final report of the NRC's six-volume decadal physics survey. The book reviews the frontiers of physics research, examines the role of physics in our society, and makes recommendations designed to strengthen physics and its ability to serve important needs such as national security, the economy, information technology, and education. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Environmental Science 6e (paper) Daniel D. Chiras, 2013 |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Environmental science : understanding, protecting, and managing the environment in the Baltic Sea region Lars Rydén, Pawel Migula, Magnus Andersson, 2003 |
| examples of commons in environmental science: CliffsNotes AP Environmental Science Jennifer Sutton, Kevin Bryan, 2012-04-30 Your complete guide to a higher score on the *AP Environmental Science exam About the book: Introduction Reviews of the AP exam format and scoring Proven strategies for answering matching; problem solving; multiple choice; cause and effect; tables, graphs, and charts; and basic math questions Hints for tackling the free-response questions Part I: Subject Reviews Cover all subject areas you'll be tested on: Earth's systems and resources The living world Population Land and water use Energy resources and consumption Pollution Global change Part II: Practice Exams 3 full-length practice exams with answers and complete explanations Proven test-taking strategies Focused reviews of all exam topics 3 full-length practice exams |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Markets and the Environment, Second Edition Nathaniel O. Keohane, Sheila M. Olmstead, 2016-01-05 A clear grasp of economics is essential to understanding why environmental problems arise and how we can address them. ... Now thoroughly revised with updated information on current environmental policy and real-world examples of market-based instruments .... The authors provide a concise yet thorough introduction to the economic theory of environmental policy and natural resource management. They begin with an overview of environmental economics before exploring topics including cost-benefit analysis, market failures and successes, and economic growth and sustainability. Readers of the first edition will notice new analysis of cost estimation as well as specific market instruments, including municipal water pricing and waste disposal. Particular attention is paid to behavioral economics and cap-and-trade programs for carbon.--Publisher's web site. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Keywords for Environmental Studies Joni Adamson, William A. Gleason, David Pellow, 2016-02-26 Introduces key terms, quantitative and qualitative research, debates, and histories for Environmental and Nature Studies Understandings of “nature” have expanded and changed, but the word has not lost importance at any level of discourse: it continues to hold a key place in conversations surrounding thought, ethics, and aesthetics. Nowhere is this more evident than in the interdisciplinary field of environmental studies. Keywords for Environmental Studies analyzes the central terms and debates currently structuring the most exciting research in and across environmental studies, including the environmental humanities, environmental social sciences, sustainability sciences, and the sciences of nature. Sixty essays from humanists, social scientists, and scientists, each written about a single term, reveal the broad range of quantitative and qualitative approaches critical to the state of the field today. From “ecotourism” to “ecoterrorism,” from “genome” to “species,” this accessible volume illustrates the ways in which scholars are collaborating across disciplinary boundaries to reach shared understandings of key issues—such as extreme weather events or increasing global environmental inequities—in order to facilitate the pursuit of broad collective goals and actions. This book underscores the crucial realization that every discipline has a stake in the central environmental questions of our time, and that interdisciplinary conversations not only enhance, but are requisite to environmental studies today. Visit keywords.nyupress.org for online essays, teaching resources, and more. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Encyclopedia of Environmental Science D.E. Alexander, Rhodes W. Fairbridge, 1999-03-31 A strongly interdisciplinary and wide-ranging survey of the environment of life on Earth: the most authoritative and comprehensive source on environmental science to be collected together in a single volume. Unique in presenting both a basic overview and detailed information on environmental topics. Entries are arranged in an encyclopedic A-Z format and contain extensive cross-references to related entries, as well as references to primary and secondary literature. Over 370 separate entries prepared by 228 leading experts from 25 countries. Incorporates 25 substantial in-depth treatments of key areas and also includes biographies of leading scientists and environmentalists. Contains a comprehensive subject index and a citation index of all referenced authors. The Encyclopedia of Environmental Science is a multidisciplinary reference work, which crosses many fields of interest and includes a wide variety of scholarly and authoritative articles on mankind's environment. It provides information on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere and is careful to focus on the connections between these realms and the Earth as a whole. Taken as a whole, the Encyclopedia surveys basic environmental science and applied areas of study, and is drawn from the physical sciences, life sciences and social sciences. The 228 authors from 25 different countries, many of whom are the leading authorities in their field, include biologists, ecologists, geographers, geologists, political scientists, soil scientists, hydrologists, climatologists, and representatives of many other disciplines and academic specialties. The work, which is amply referenced and cross-referenced, consists of substantial essays on major topics, medium-sized entries and short definitional entries. The shorter entries include useful biographies of leading scientists and environmentalists. The Encyclopedia will be invaluable to all readers interested in the environment of life on Earth, its past, present and future, and its physical and social dimensions. The text provides a source of well-classified basic information as well as covering the leading theories and important debates in the environmental sciences. In addition, the book also includes assessments of the future prospects for the Earth's environment in the face of pollution, population increases and the accelerating transformation of land, air, water and vegetational systems. The Encyclopedia is unique in presenting both a basic overview and detailed information on environmental topics and is suitable for the general scientific reader and the specialized environmental scientist in academic institutions, research laboratories or private practice. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Environmental Science Michael L. McKinney, Robert M. Schoch, Mckinney, Logan Yonavjak, 2017-12 Environmental Science: Systems and Solutions, Sixth Edition features updated data and additional tables with statistics throughout to lay the groundwork for a fair and apolitical foundational understanding of environmental science. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: The Value of Nothing Raj Patel, 2010-01-04 A deeply though-provoking book about the dramatic changes we must make to save the planet from financial madness.--Naomi Klein, author of The Shock Doctrine Opening with Oscar Wilde's observation that nowadays people know the price of everything and the value of nothing, Patel shows how our faith in prices as a way of valuing the world is misplaced. He reveals the hidden ecological and social costs of a hamburger (as much as $200), and asks how we came to have markets in the first place. Both the corporate capture of government and our current financial crisis, Patel argues, are a result of our democratically bankrupt political system. If part one asks how we can rebalance society and limit markets, part two answers by showing how social organizations, in America and around the globe, are finding new ways to describe the world's worth. If we don't want the market to price every aspect of our lives, we need to learn how such organizations have discovered democratic ways in which people, and not simply governments, can play a crucial role in deciding how we might share our world and its resources in common. This short, timely and inspiring book reveals that our current crisis is not simply the result of too much of the wrong kind of economics. While we need to rethink our economic model, Patel argues that the larger failure beneath the food, climate and economic crises is a political one. If economics is about choices, Patel writes, it isn't often said who gets to make them. The Value of Nothing offers a fresh and accessible way to think about economics and the choices we will all need to make in order to create a sustainable economy and society. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: The Wealth of the Commons David Bollier, Silke Helfrich, 2014-05-23 We are poised between an old world that no longer works and a new one struggling to be born. Surrounded by centralized hierarchies on the one hand and predatory markets on the other, people around the world are searching for alternatives. The Wealth of the Commons explains how millions of commoners have organized to defend their forests and fisheries, reinvent local food systems, organize productive online communities, reclaim public spaces, improve environmental stewardship and re-imagine the very meaning of progress and governance. In short, how they've built their commons. In 73 timely essays by a remarkable international roster of activists, academics and project leaders, this book chronicles ongoing struggles against the private commoditization of shared resources - often known as market enclosures - while documenting the immense generative power of the commons. The Wealth of the Commons is about history, political change, public policy and cultural transformation on a global scale - but most of all, it's about individual commoners taking charge of their lives and their endangered resources. This fine collection makes clear that the idea of the Commons is fully international, and increasingly fully worked-out. If you find yourself wondering what Occupy wants, or if some other world is possible, this pragmatic, down-to-earth, and unsentimental book will provide many of the answers. - Bill McKibben, author of Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and The Durable Future |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Decision Making for the Environment National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies, Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change, Panel on Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities for Environmental Decision Making, 2005-07-01 With the growing number, complexity, and importance of environmental problems come demands to include a full range of intellectual disciplines and scholarly traditions to help define and eventually manage such problems more effectively. Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities is the result of a 2-year effort by 12 social and behavioral scientists, scholars, and practitioners. The report sets research priorities for the social and behavioral sciences as they relate to several different kinds of environmental problems. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Up to Heaven and Down to Hell Colin Jerolmack, 2021-04-20 A riveting portrait of a rural Pennsylvania town at the center of the fracking controversy Shale gas extraction—commonly known as fracking—is often portrayed as an energy revolution that will transform the American economy and geopolitics. But in greater Williamsport, Pennsylvania, fracking is personal. Up to Heaven and Down to Hell is a vivid and sometimes heartbreaking account of what happens when one of the most momentous decisions about the well-being of our communities and our planet—whether or not to extract shale gas and oil from the very land beneath our feet—is largely a private choice that millions of ordinary people make without the public's consent. The United States is the only country in the world where property rights commonly extend up to heaven and down to hell, which means that landowners have the exclusive right to lease their subsurface mineral estates to petroleum companies. Colin Jerolmack spent eight months living with rural communities outside of Williamsport as they confronted the tension between property rights and the commonwealth. In this deeply intimate book, he reveals how the decision to lease brings financial rewards but can also cause irreparable harm to neighbors, to communal resources like air and water, and even to oneself. Up to Heaven and Down to Hell casts America’s ideas about freedom and property rights in a troubling new light, revealing how your personal choices can undermine your neighbors’ liberty, and how the exercise of individual rights can bring unintended environmental consequences for us all. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Routledge Handbook of Food as a Commons Jose Luis Vivero-Pol, Tomaso Ferrando, Olivier De Schutter, Ugo Mattei, 2018-12-17 This Handbook provides the first comprehensive review and synthesis of knowledge and new thinking on how food and food systems can be thought, interpreted and practiced around the old/new paradigms of commons and commoning. The overall aim is to investigate the multiple constraints that occur within and sustain the dominant food and nutrition regime and to explore how it can change when different elements of the current food systems are explored and re-imagined from a commons perspective. The book sparks the debate on food as a commons between and within disciplines, with particular attention to spaces of resistance (food sovereignty, de-growth, open knowledge, transition town, occupations, bottom-up social innovations) and organizational scales (local food, national policies, South–South collaborations, international governance and multi-national agreements). Overall, it shows the consequences of a shift to the alternative paradigm of food as a commons in terms of food, the planet and living beings. Chapters 1 and 24 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: The Question of the Commons Bonnie J. McCay, James M. Acheson, 2022-04-19 This collection of eighteen original essays evaluates the use and misuse of common-property resources, taking as its starting point ecologist Garret Hardin's assertion in The Tragedy of the Commons that common property is doomed to overexploitation in any society. This book represents the first cross-cultural test of Hardin's argument and argues that, while tragedies of the commons do occur under some circumstances, local institutions have proven resilient and responsive to the problems of communal resource use. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Environmental Science : a Canadian Perspective Bill Freedman, 2006 |
| examples of commons in environmental science: The Game Theorist's Guide to Parenting Paul Raeburn, Kevin Zollman, 2016-04-05 “I absolutely loved this book, both as a parent and as a nerd.” —Jessica Lahey, author of The Gift of Failure Delightfully witty, refreshingly irreverent, and just a bit Machiavellian, The Game Theorist’s Guide to Parenting looks past the fads to offer advice you can put into action today. As every parent knows, kids are surprisingly clever negotiators. But how can we avoid those all-too-familiar wails of “That’s not fair!” and “You can’t make me!”? In The Game Theorist’s Guide to Parenting, the award-winning journalist and father of five Paul Raeburn and the game theorist Kevin Zollman pair up to highlight tactics from the worlds of economics and business that can help parents break the endless cycle of quarrels and ineffective solutions. Raeburn and Zollman show that some of the same strategies successfully applied to big business deals and politics—such as the Prisoner’s Dilemma and the Ultimatum Game—can be used to solve such titanic, age-old parenting problems as dividing up toys, keeping the peace on long car rides, and sticking to homework routines. Raeburn and Zollman open each chapter with a common parenting dilemma. Then they show how carefully concocted schemes involving bargains and fair incentives can save the day. Through smart case studies of game theory in action, Raeburn and Zollman reveal how parents and children devise strategies, where those strategies go wrong, and what we can do to help raise happy and savvy kids while keeping the rest of the family happy too. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: The Fourth Industrial Revolution Klaus Schwab, 2017-01-03 World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: The Commons in an Age of Uncertainty Franklin Obeng-Odoom, 2020-11-03 In the last two hundred years, the earth has increasingly become the private property of a few classes, races, transnational corporations, and nations. Repeated claims about the tragedy of the commons and the crisis of capitalism have done little to explain this concentration of land, encourage solution-building to solve resource depletion, or address our current socio-ecological crisis. The Commons in an Age of Uncertainty presents a new explanation, vision, and action plan based on the idea of commoning the land. The book argues that by commoning the land, rather than privatising it, we can develop the foundation for prosperity without destructive growth and address both local and global challenges. Making the land the most fundamental priority of all commons does not only give hope, it also opens the doors to a new world in which economy, environment, and society are decolonised and liberated. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Environmental Science and Technology Stanley E. Manahan, 2006-10-20 Formally established by the EPA nearly 15 years ago, the concept of green chemistry is beginning to come of age. Although several books cover green chemistry and chemical engineering, none of them transfer green principles to science and technology in general and their impact on the future. Defining industrial ecology, Environmental Science and Tec |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Environmental Science Daniel B. Botkin, Edward A. Keller, 2005 Offers a modern and different perspective. * Includes updated content to reflect latest research findings. * Each chapter ending has references to related material on the web. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Urban Commons Mary Dellenbaugh, Markus Kip, Majken Bieniok, Agnes Müller, Martin Schwegmann, 2015-06-16 Urban space is a commons: simultaneously a sphere of human cooperation and negotiation and its product. Understanding urban space as a commons means that the much sought-after productivity of the city precedes rather than results from strategies of the state and capital. This approach challenges assumptions of urbanization as capital-driven, an idea which resonates with a range of recent urban social movements, from the Arab Spring and the Occupy movement to the “Right to the City” alliance. However commons exist in a tense relationship with state and market, both of which continually seek to exploit and control them. Initiatives to create “commons” are welcomed and even facilitated by governments in order to (re-)valorize urban space and lessen the impacts of economic restructuring, while, at the same time, the creative and reproductive potential of the urban commons is undermined by continuing attempts to commodify them. This volume examines these topics theoretically and empirically through a wide spectrum of international case studies providing perspectives from a variety of cities as diverse as Berlin, Hyderabad and Seoul. A wider discussion of commons in current scientific and activist literature from housing, public space, to urban infrastructure, is explored through the lens of the urban condition. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: The Drama of the Commons National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change, 2002-02-15 The tragedy of the commons is a central concept in human ecology and the study of the environment. It has had tremendous value for stimulating research, but it only describes the reality of human-environment interactions in special situations. Research over the past thirty years has helped clarify how human motivations, rules governing access to resources, the structure of social organizations, and the resource systems themselves interact to determine whether or not the many dramas of the commons end happily. In this book, leaders in the field review the evidence from several disciplines and many lines of research and present a state-of-the-art assessment. They summarize lessons learned and identify the major challenges facing any system of governance for resource management. They also highlight the major challenges for the next decade: making knowledge development more systematic; understanding institutions dynamically; considering a broader range of resources (such as global and technological commons); and taking into account the effects of social and historical context. This book will be a valuable and accessible introduction to the field for students and a resource for advanced researchers. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Cracking the AP Environmental Science Exam, 2017 Edition Princeton Review (Firm), 2016-08 2 full-length practice tests with complete answer explanations--Cover. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Environmental Science Michael L. McKinney, Robert M. Schoch, 2003 This edition provides a comprehensive overview and synthesis of current environmental issues and problems. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: 2052 Jorgen Randers, 2012-06-13 With clarity, conscience, and courage, global-systems pioneer Jorgen Randers and his distinguished contributors map the forces that will shape the next four decades. Forty years ago, The Limits to Growth study addressed the grand question of how humans would adapt to the physical limitations of planet Earth. It predicted that during the first half of the 21st century the ongoing growth in the human ecological footprint would stop-either through catastrophic overshoot and collapse-or through well-managed peak and decline. So, where are we now? And what does our future look like? In the book 2052, Jorgen Randers, one of the coauthors of Limits to Growth, issues a progress report and makes a forecast for the next forty years. To do this, he asked dozens of experts to weigh in with their best predictions on how our economies, energy supplies, natural resources, climate, food, fisheries, militaries, political divisions, cities, psyches, and more will take shape in the coming decades. He then synthesized those scenarios into a global forecast of life as we will most likely know it in the years ahead. The good news: we will see impressive advances in resource efficiency, and an increasing focus on human well-being rather than on per capita income growth. But this change might not come as we expect. Future growth in population and GDP, for instance, will be constrained in surprising ways-by rapid fertility decline as result of increased urbanization, productivity decline as a result of social unrest, and continuing poverty among the poorest 2 billion world citizens. Runaway global warming, too, is likely. So, how do we prepare for the years ahead? With heart, fact, and wisdom, Randers guides us along a realistic path into the future and discusses what readers can do to ensure a better life for themselves and their children during the increasing turmoil of the next forty years. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Two Lectures on the Checks to Population William Forster Lloyd, 1833 |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Local Commons and Democratic Environmental Governance Takeshi Murota, Ken Takeshita, 2013 The rising tide of globalization poses a direct threat to the viability of small communities worldwide. Such communities, however, are our greatest hope for sustainable environmental governance, as they possess unparalleled ability to directly manage common-pool resources. Providing a much needed antidote in this age of globalization, this volume advances the idea of collaborative governance as an integration of open and closed commons. Taking into consideration the dimension of conflict resolution, it studies examples of governance structures in various countries around the world to develop a new type of democracy towards multilevel environmental governance that involves the public, private, and commons spheres. With contributions from researchers in a wide variety of disciplines, this volume demonstrates through institutional and empirical analyses the essential role of local commons in providing an axis of resistance to increasing environmental devastation and social inequality towards creating a sustainable future for local communities as well as society at large. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Sustainability Tom Theis, Jonathan Tomkin, 2018-01-23 With Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation, first and second-year college students are introduced to this expanding new field, comprehensively exploring the essential concepts from every branch of knowldege - including engineering and the applied arts, natural and social sciences, and the humanities. As sustainability is a multi-disciplinary area of study, the text is the product of multiple authors drawn from the diverse faculty of the University of Illinois: each chapter is written by a recognized expert in the field. |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Anatomy and Physiology J. Gordon Betts, Peter DeSaix, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, James A. Wise, Mark Womble, Kelly A. Young, 2013-04-25 |
| examples of commons in environmental science: Laudato Si Pope Francis, 2015-07-18 “In the heart of this world, the Lord of life, who loves us so much, is always present. He does not abandon us, he does not leave us alone, for he has united himself definitively to our earth, and his love constantly impels us to find new ways forward. Praise be to him!” – Pope Francis, Laudato Si’ In his second encyclical, Laudato Si’: On the Care of Our Common Home, Pope Francis draws all Christians into a dialogue with every person on the planet about our common home. We as human beings are united by the concern for our planet, and every living thing that dwells on it, especially the poorest and most vulnerable. Pope Francis’ letter joins the body of the Church’s social and moral teaching, draws on the best scientific research, providing the foundation for “the ethical and spiritual itinerary that follows.” Laudato Si’ outlines: The current state of our “common home” The Gospel message as seen through creation The human causes of the ecological crisis Ecology and the common good Pope Francis’ call to action for each of us Our Sunday Visitor has included discussion questions, making it perfect for individual or group study, leading all Catholics and Christians into a deeper understanding of the importance of this teaching. |
Examples - Apache ECharts
Apache ECharts，一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。
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ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文、技术报告、新闻报告、教育、专利以及其他相关活动中使用了 …
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Theories and Concepts for Human Behavior in Environmental
Journal of Environmental Science and Public Health doi: 10.26502/JESPH.012 Volume 1, Issue 2 Review Article . Theories and Concepts for Human Behavior in Environmental Preservation . …
AP Environmental Science - SCHOOLinSITES
Page 1 of 58 Return to Table of Contents AP Environmental Science “Cheat” Sheet Table of Contents Unit 1—Pages 2-7 Unit 2—Pages 8-17 Unit 3—Pages 18-20 Unit 4—Pages 21-24 …
The guide contains the following sections and information
Syllabus Development Guide: AP® Environmental Science Syllabus Development Guide: AP® Environmental Science The guide contains the following sections and information: Curricular …
The commons, common property, and environmental policy
Environmental Policy DANIEL W. BROMLEY Anderson-Bascom Professor and Acting Director, Institute for Environmental Studtes, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. Abstract. The …
The Environmental Commons: Citizen Science with Urban …
The Environmental Commons: Citizen Science with Urban Youth Alisa Pykett, University of Oklahoma Erin Gallay, University of Wisconsin Connie Flanagan, University of Wisconsin. …
An Action Research in Science: Providing Metacognitive …
An Action Research in Science: Providing Metacognitive Support to Year 9 Students Francis Wagabaa, David F. Treagustb, A L. Chandrasegaranb, Mihye Wonb aDarwin High School, …
ARTICLE The Tragedy of the Commons - UW Faculty Web …
The tragedy of the commons develops in this way. Picture a pasture open to all. It is to be expected that each herdsman will try to keep as many cattle as possible on the commons. …
Environmental Science Curriculum
Introd uction to Environmental Science Sustainability Types of Natural Resources Carrying Capacity Human Population Grow th Tragedy of the Commons Earth’s Spheres …
The Real Tragedy of the Commons - JSTOR
"The Tragedy of the Commons 30 Years Later," Environment (December 1998): 4-27; the re-sponses in "The Tragedy of the Commons Revisited," Environment (March 1999): 4-5, 45; and …
Averting the Tragedy of the Commons: Using Social …
Science titled "The Tragedy of the Commons," one of the most frequently cited works in the social sciences. The essay tells the ... Environmental and social scientists must work more closely …
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2006 SCORING …
such commons, explain how human activities affect that commons, and suggest one practical method for managing that commons. (3 points possible) One point can be earned for correctly …
Ostrom, Hardin and the commons: A critical appreciation and …
Commons Environmental governance a b s t r a c t I provide a critical appreciation of the considerable legacies of Ostrom and Hardin to the ... foster a conversation amongst social …
University of Washington Tacoma UW Tacoma Digital …
Part of the Marine Biology Commons, Other Life Sciences Commons, and the Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons Recommended Citation Larino, Hannia, …
Environmental Protection, the Military, and Preserving the …
Part of the Environmental Law Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation ...
Common Property as a Concept in Natural Resources Policy
Recent examples, some of which provides exten-sive references to the earlier literature include: Bell, Technology Externalities and Common Property Resources: An Emperical Study of the …
The Tragedy of “The Tragedy of the Commons”: Hardin
S68 The Journal of LAW & ECONOMICS penury. Hardin’s illustration of animals overgrazing a common pastureland is but an analogy to his main argument, that the earth is a commons that …
Global governance and governance of the global commons …
6 included among the traditional set of global commons as well, while some define the global commons even more broadly, including science, education, information and peace.
Mathematical models of Environmental Economics
Examples and Classifications of Environmental Externalities 3. Resources 3.1. Non-renewable 3.2. Renewable 4. Tragedy of the commons 5. Uncertainty and irreversibility 6. Incentives ... 4 …
TRAGICALLY DIFFICULT: THE OBSTACLES TO …
and global warming as examples , he argues that stakeholders find it difficult ... 242 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW [Vol. 30:241 I. Introduction In 1968 Garrett Hardin published his …
Environmental Engineering with Data Science - International …
harnessing the power of data science, environmental engineers can gain valuable insights into environmental trends, patterns and ... ML algorithm examples includes random forest, ... (This …
The Tragedy of ‘The Tragedy of the Commons’ – Hardin vs …
tional command-and-control environmental and natural resource regulations. In contrast, the property rights literature that preceded Hardin – especially Gordon (1954), Scott (1955), Coase …
GGA and the Global Commons - UNFCCC
virtual space to include also science, data, information or the cyber space Adaptation context: Open science and open data movements to support adaptation e.g. ECA: Economics of …
Using Phenomena in NGSS-Designed Lessons and Units
o Despite their centrality in science and engineering, phenomena have traditionally been a missing piece in science education, which too often has focused on teaching general …
SAMPLE SYLLABUS #1 AP® Environmental Science - AP …
of environmental science. Through these experiences, students will be recording data, gathering evidence and presenting it to their peers verbally and in writing in different formats both …
Environmental governance: A practical framework to guide …
environmental governance has four general aims or objectives – to be effective, to be equitable, to be responsive, and to be robust. Each of these four objectives need to ... This is an open …
Chapter 13 Common Property Resources and Public Goods
In this chapter we consider other examples of market failure. In some cases, a market may exist but be economically inefficient due to limited property rights. In other cases, a market doesn’t …
Teaching Policy Instrument Choice in Environmental Law: …
Feb 3, 2013 · known Tragedy of the Commons as a shared example.1 1. PRESCRIPTIVE REGULATION2 Prescriptive regulations mandate what parties can and cannot do—Thou …
An introduction to the UNESCO Recommendation on open …
Open science can accelerate our ability to help solve the complex challenges of our interconnected world. We need it because: Global challenges such as poverty, armed conflict, …
Community-Based Approaches to Environmental …
Commons Theory Commons Theory, popularized by Elinor Ostrom's seminal work Governing the Commons (1990), describes how communities can manage shared resources in a sustainable …
AP Environmental Science Teacher's Guide - College Board
A main goal in the production of this edition of the AP Environmental Science Teacher’s Guide was to develop a resource that would prove useful to teachers who are new to the subject and …
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Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CreativeCommonsAttribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the …
The Tragedy of the Commons - University of Chicago
The tragedy of the commons develops in this way. Picture a pasture open to all. It is to be expected that each herds-man will try to keep asmany cattle possible on the commons. Such …
AP Physics summer assignment 2015 - eccrsd.us
AP Environmental Science Summer Assignment 2019-2020 ... I.The Tragedy of the Commons Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary science, which incorporates aspects of …
Student Handout - Microhabitat Investigation
Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Environmental Education Commons, Sustainability Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Repository Citation …
The National Archives and Records Administration …
1.1 Predicting and optimizing environmental performance for improved preservation Between FY 2019-22, we will predict the environmental performance of key NARA facilities, offer strategies …
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY - Scholars at Harvard
that have been made for Federal environmental regulation: competition among political jurisdictions and the race to the bottom; transboundary environm ental problems; and public …
The Tragedy of the Commons - Tim Freeman
Environmental Ethics The Tragedy of the Commons 3 Finally, however, comes the day of reckoning, that is, the day when the long-desired goal of social stability becomes a reality. At …
‘The tragedy of the commons’ by underuse: toward a
about ecosystem services have increased in environmental science and environ-mental governance debates. In terms of our research interests, not only definitions and constituents …
Exploring the Effectiveness of Environmentally Sustainable …
Policy Commons, Environmental Policy Commons, Finance and Financial Management Commons, Higher Education Administration Commons, Human Resources Management …
Core Environmental Science - Edmentum
Environmental Science Environmental Science explores the biological, physical, and sociological principles related to the environment in which organisms live on Earth, the biosphere. Course …
The Digital Commons: Tragedy or Opportunity? A Reflection …
This potential tragedy of the digital commons goes beyond the science of economics and management and also impacts our understanding of law, medicine, sociology, and …
Earth and Life Science - TeacherPH
the geology of the Earth. Examples of geological processes include events such as plate tectonics, weathering, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mountain formation, deposition, …
Tragedy in the Marine Commons: The Intertwined …
11 J. R. Beddington et. al., “Current Problems in the Management of Marine Fisheries,” Science 316 (June 2007): 17131716. 12 European Parliament's Committee on Fisheries. Global …
Bridging knowledge systems to enhance governance of the …
Sep 18, 2015 · themselves a kind of ‘commons’ (Hess and Ostrom 2006), our emphasis in this paper is on environmental commons and the ways of knowing (or knowledge systems) …
The Tragedy of the Government Created Commons
encourages use of the commons even though everyone knows that harm will come to all. The principle of the commons has been applied to many fields to justify government’s involvement …
Common Law Environmental Protection: Introduction
protect environmental values as a reason for the adoption of prescriptive environmental measures during this period.' 0 . It was well understood that "the traditional common law remedies were …
An Introduction to Knowledge Commons
Some examples illustrate the variety of institutional arrangements and resources that are knowledge commons. ... Cook-Deegan, R. and T. Dedeurwaerdere (2006), The Science …
Environmental Economics and the Theory of Externalities
failure of market economies to properly account for the environmental rami cations of economic activity. As an aside, we are also dealing with behavioral interactions between humans and the …
AVERTING THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS: SOCIAL …
environmental resources therefore depends first and foremost on reliable resource information about, for instance, the use and availability of drinking water, fossil fuels, and fish stocks. …
Lesson 7 Property Rights: Is the Environment Different? - FTE
In this lesson students apply the tools of economic analysis to environmental problems. Through the analysis of historical and contemporary environmental problems, students discover the …
The Environmental Commons: Collective Moral Actions and …
Our argument for the Environmental Commons raises moral questions about humans’ relationship with the natural environment and the ethical implications of the distinct world views discussed in …
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL COMMONS - ESCAP
May 20, 2005 · Securing the global environmental commons entails living within planetary boundaries, conserving and sustainably managing these globally shared resources and …
Tragedy of the commons - sciencegals.org
Students will demonstrate the issues with individual and collective action through an activity with goldfish, chopsticks, and cereal. Sustainable fishing is possible when positive collective action is …
LOCAL COMMONS AND DEMOCRATIC ENVIRONMENTAL …
Published in Science, Hardin’s paper, “The Tragedy of the Commons”, had a powerful impact. In his discussion of global environmental problems, Hardin (1968) issued a warning that the resources …
Adult Environmental Education and the Cultural Commons: A …
In this symposiusm, doctoral students investigated their own communities to find examples of the cultural commons. UNESCO, the intellectual arm of the United Nations, has been developing …
Environmental protection in the theory of commons
Table 1 below gives examples of resources found in the traditional commons and resources in need of environmental protection. Presented at the “Trans-nationalizing the commons and the politics …
Tragedy of the Commons Lab - Sewell's Science Site
In this simulation you will explore how resources are used & exploited when they are available to multiple parties. When Garrett Hardin (1968) first proposed this concept, he used the example of …
Effective strategies for community-based natural resource …
In the 1960s, a strategy known as Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) gained popularity in which local people are granted ownership rights to manage natural …
Wisconsin Environmental Science Digital Resource Library
This digital resource library contains materials that can be used to teach the topics, concepts, and subconcepts in the Environmental Science Course Framework. Resources include activities; …
AP Environmental Science Summer Assignments - eccrsd.us
What is a “commons”, and how does it end in tragedy? Give an example of something that may be a “commons” that is not discussed in the essay and explain how it could be abused.
The Environmental Commons: Citizen Science with Urban Youth
[I learned] that kids can solve environmental problems, that they can come together and listen to ideas and think of ways to make change and make everyone feel involved
APES CHAPTER 10 NOTES (MRS. BAUCK): LAND, PUBLIC …
Silent Spring in 1962 which was the genesis of the modern environmental movement. Major environmental groups such as the Sierra Club shifted from protesting to working with politicians …
Lesson 7 Property Rights: Is the Environment Different? - FTE
Example in which definition and enforcement of property rights is prohibitive: Consider a coal-fired power plant. The owner bears all of the costs of the land, concrete, steel used in production, but …
Environmental Science Chapter 1 Notes - rrcs.org
“The Tragedy of the Commons” - If too many animals grazed the commons then the animals destroyed the grass and everyone would suffer. - So everyone in the group had to take …
1. The tragedy of the commons as a general environmental …
The phrase “tragedy of the commons” alludes to the Medieval land tenure system in Europe, where herders were permitted to graze cattle in public pastures called a commons. The philosopher …
Community-Based Approaches to Environmental …
Through comprehensive case studies from diverse ecological contexts—ranging from Africa’s community conservancies to Asia’s forest management cooperatives—the article illustrates the …
Tragedy of the Commons: Lesson Plan - Academy 4SC
The “tragedy of the commons” is a term for the phenomenon in which many people of a community exploit common resources to the point of completely depleting those resources.
APES Tragedy of the Commons Lab Activity
Pay close attention to procedures & data collection. This activity will be your first formal lab write up. The purpose of this simulation is to explore how resources are used when they are available …
environment for development DELC - Centre for International Law
Antarctica is facing rapid environmental degradation due to human pressures such as pollution, and the effects of global warming. Furthermore, the doctrine of mare liberum (free sea for everyone) …
2 The Evolution ofGlobal Commons - Springer
contemporary examples of commons of a local scale can be identified throughout the world, such as fields or pastures, hunting or fishing grounds, forest tracts, irrigation systems, and aquifers.
The Environmental Commons: Collective Moral Actions and …
Our argument for the Environmental Commons raises moral questions about humans’ relationship with the natural environment and the ethical implications of the distinct world views discussed …
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL COMMONS - ESCAP
May 20, 2005 · Securing the global environmental commons entails living within planetary boundaries, conserving and sustainably managing these globally shared resources and …
Tragedy of the commons - sciencegals.org
Students will demonstrate the issues with individual and collective action through an activity with goldfish, chopsticks, and cereal. Sustainable fishing is possible when positive collective action …
LOCAL COMMONS AND DEMOCRATIC ENVIRONMENTAL …
Published in Science, Hardin’s paper, “The Tragedy of the Commons”, had a powerful impact. In his discussion of global environmental problems, Hardin (1968) issued a warning that the …
Adult Environmental Education and the Cultural Commons: …
In this symposiusm, doctoral students investigated their own communities to find examples of the cultural commons. UNESCO, the intellectual arm of the United Nations, has been developing …
Environmental protection in the theory of commons
Table 1 below gives examples of resources found in the traditional commons and resources in need of environmental protection. Presented at the “Trans-nationalizing the commons and the …
Tragedy of the Commons Lab - Sewell's Science Site
In this simulation you will explore how resources are used & exploited when they are available to multiple parties. When Garrett Hardin (1968) first proposed this concept, he used the example …
Effective strategies for community-based natural resource …
In the 1960s, a strategy known as Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) gained popularity in which local people are granted ownership rights to manage natural …
Wisconsin Environmental Science Digital Resource Library
This digital resource library contains materials that can be used to teach the topics, concepts, and subconcepts in the Environmental Science Course Framework. Resources include activities; …
AP Environmental Science Summer Assignments - eccrsd.us
What is a “commons”, and how does it end in tragedy? Give an example of something that may be a “commons” that is not discussed in the essay and explain how it could be abused.
The Environmental Commons: Citizen Science with Urban …
[I learned] that kids can solve environmental problems, that they can come together and listen to ideas and think of ways to make change and make everyone feel involved
APES CHAPTER 10 NOTES (MRS. BAUCK): LAND, PUBLIC AND …
Silent Spring in 1962 which was the genesis of the modern environmental movement. Major environmental groups such as the Sierra Club shifted from protesting to working with …
Lesson 7 Property Rights: Is the Environment Different? - FTE
Example in which definition and enforcement of property rights is prohibitive: Consider a coal-fired power plant. The owner bears all of the costs of the land, concrete, steel used in production, …
Environmental Science Chapter 1 Notes - rrcs.org
“The Tragedy of the Commons” - If too many animals grazed the commons then the animals destroyed the grass and everyone would suffer. - So everyone in the group had to take …
1. The tragedy of the commons as a general environmental …
The phrase “tragedy of the commons” alludes to the Medieval land tenure system in Europe, where herders were permitted to graze cattle in public pastures called a commons. The …
Community-Based Approaches to Environmental …
Through comprehensive case studies from diverse ecological contexts—ranging from Africa’s community conservancies to Asia’s forest management cooperatives—the article illustrates …
Tragedy of the Commons: Lesson Plan - Academy 4SC
The “tragedy of the commons” is a term for the phenomenon in which many people of a community exploit common resources to the point of completely depleting those resources.
APES Tragedy of the Commons Lab Activity
Pay close attention to procedures & data collection. This activity will be your first formal lab write up. The purpose of this simulation is to explore how resources are used when they are …
environment for development DELC - Centre for International …
Antarctica is facing rapid environmental degradation due to human pressures such as pollution, and the effects of global warming. Furthermore, the doctrine of mare liberum (free sea for …
2 The Evolution ofGlobal Commons - Springer
contemporary examples of commons of a local scale can be identified throughout the world, such as fields or pastures, hunting or fishing grounds, forest tracts, irrigation systems, and aquifers.
