Advertisement
| examples of biased test questions: Perspectives on Bias in Mental Testing Cecil Reynolds, 2013-11-11 The cultural-test-bias hypothesis is one of the most important scien tific questions facing psychology today. Briefly, the cultural-test-bias hypothesis contends that all observed group differences in mental test scores are due to a built-in cultural bias of the tests themselves; that is, group score differences are an artifact of current psychomet ric methodology. If the cultural-test-bias hypothesis is ultimately shown to be correct, then the 100 years or so of psychological research on human differences (or differential psychology, the sci entific discipline underlying all applied areas of human psychology including clinical, counseling, school, and industrial psychology) must be reexamined and perhaps dismissed as confounded, contam inated, or otherwise artifactual. In order to continue its existence as a scientific discipline, psychology must confront the cultural-test-bias hypothesis from the solid foundations of data and theory and must not allow the resolution of this issue to occur solely within (and to be determined by) the political Zeitgeist of the times or any singular work, no matter how comprehensive. In his recent volume Bias in Mental Testing (New York: Free Press, 1980), Arthur Jensen provided a thorough review of most of the empirical research relevant to the evaluation of cultural bias in psychological and educational tests that was available at the time that his book was prepared. Nevertheless, Jensen presented only one per spective on those issues in a volume intended not only for the sci entific community but for intelligent laypeople as well. |
| examples of biased test questions: Intelligence, Genes, and Success Bernie Devlin, Stephen E. Fienberg, Daniel P. Resnick, Kathryn Roeder, 1997-08-07 A scientific response to the best-selling The Bell Curve which set off a hailstorm of controversy upon its publication in 1994. Much of the public reaction to the book was polemic and failed to analyse the details of the science and validity of the statistical arguments underlying the books conclusion. Here, at last, social scientists and statisticians reply to The Bell Curve and its conclusions about IQ, genetics and social outcomes. |
| examples of biased test questions: Still Failing at Fairness David Sadker, Karen R. Zittleman, 2009-04-28 Despite decades of effort to create fair classrooms and schools, gender bias is alive and well, and in some ways growing. School practices continue to send boys and girls down different life paths, too often treating them not as different genders but as different species. Teachers and parents often miss the subtle signs of sexism in classrooms. Through firsthand observations and up-to-the-minute research, Still Failing at Fairness brings the gender issue into focus. The authors provide an in-depth account of how girls' and boys' educations are compromised from elementary school through college, and offer practical advice for teachers and parents who want to make a positive difference. The authors examine today's pressing issues -- the lack of enforcement for Title IX, the impact of the backlash against gender equity, the much-hyped boys' crisis, hardwired brain differences, and the recent growth of singlesex public schools. This book documents how teaching, current testing practices, and subtle cultural attitudes continue to short-circuit both girls and boys of every race, social class, and ethnicity. Hard-hitting and remarkably informative, Still Failing at Fairness is a fascinating look into America's classrooms (National Association of School Psychologists). |
| examples of biased test questions: Methods for Identifying Biased Test Items Gregory Camilli, Lorrie A. Shepard, 1994-04-06 In this book, the authors provide a cogent review of statistical and interpretive procedures that, in combination, can be used to reduce the likelihood that tests contain items that favor members of one gender, age, racial, or ethnic group over equally able members of another group, for reasons that are unrelated to the objectives and purposes of measurement. Such test items are said to be biased against the equally able members of the group that is not favored. The methods described and illustrated in this book have the potential to reducing the incidence of tests that are, in their construction, biased against members of one or more groups. These methods have the potential of controlling an important source of invalidity when test results are interpreted. |
| examples of biased test questions: Mastering Assessment W. James Popham, 2011-07 Mastering Assessment: A Self-Service System for Educators, 2/e (hereafter referred to as MA) is a set of 15 booklets intended to be the grist for a wide variety of professional development programs focused on educational assessment. Each of the MA booklets was deliberately written to permit a one- sitting or two- sittings reading by busy educators. The resultant brevity of the MA booklets, coupled with their being provided as separate documents, is intended to provide users of the MA system with considerable latitude in determining how best to use the booklets. A Facilitator's Guide is available to guide educators in using the 15 booklets in their professional development programs and can be downloaded at no additional charge from Pearson's Instructor Resource Center. Mastering Assessment boxset incudes: * Appropriate and Inappropriate Tests for Evaluating Schools * Assessing Students' Affect * Assessing Students with Disabilities * Assessment Bias: How to Banish It * Classroom Evidence of Successful Teaching * College Entrance Examinations: The SAT and the ACT * Constructed-Response Tests: Building and Bettering * How Testing Can Help Teaching * Interpreting the Results of Large-Scale Assessments * Portfolio Assessment and Performance Testing * Reliability: What Is It and Is It Necessary? * Selected-Response Tests: Building and Bettering * The Role of Rubrics in Testing and Teaching * Test Preparation: Sensible or Sordid? * Validity: Assessment's Cornerstone |
| examples of biased test questions: Biased Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD, 2019-03-26 Poignant....important and illuminating.—The New York Times Book Review Groundbreaking.—Bryan Stevenson, New York Times bestselling author of Just Mercy From one of the world’s leading experts on unconscious racial bias come stories, science, and strategies to address one of the central controversies of our time How do we talk about bias? How do we address racial disparities and inequities? What role do our institutions play in creating, maintaining, and magnifying those inequities? What role do we play? With a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt offers us the language and courage we need to face one of the biggest and most troubling issues of our time. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. Yet she also offers us tools to address it. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. |
| examples of biased test questions: Bias in Mental Testing Arthur Robert Jensen, 1980 Illuminating detailed methods for assessing bias in commonly used I.Q., aptitude, and achievement tests, Jensen argues that standardized tests are not biased against Englishspeaking minority groups and describes the uses of such tests in education and employment. |
| examples of biased test questions: Subprime Attention Crisis Tim Hwang, 2020-10-13 From FSGO x Logic: a revealing examination of digital advertising and the internet's precarious foundation In Subprime Attention Crisis, Tim Hwang investigates the way big tech financializes attention. In the process, he shows us how digital advertising—the beating heart of the internet—is at risk of collapsing, and that its potential demise bears an uncanny resemblance to the housing crisis of 2008. From the unreliability of advertising numbers and the unregulated automation of advertising bidding wars, to the simple fact that online ads mostly fail to work, Hwang demonstrates that while consumers’ attention has never been more prized, the true value of that attention itself—much like subprime mortgages—is wildly misrepresented. And if online advertising goes belly-up, the internet—and its free services—will suddenly be accessible only to those who can afford it. Deeply researched, convincing, and alarming, Subprime Attention Crisis will change the way you look at the internet, and its precarious future. FSG Originals × Logic dissects the way technology functions in everyday lives. The titans of Silicon Valley, for all their utopian imaginings, never really had our best interests at heart: recent threats to democracy, truth, privacy, and safety, as a result of tech’s reckless pursuit of progress, have shown as much. We present an alternate story, one that delights in capturing technology in all its contradictions and innovation, across borders and socioeconomic divisions, from history through the future, beyond platitudes and PR hype, and past doom and gloom. Our collaboration features four brief but provocative forays into the tech industry’s many worlds, and aspires to incite fresh conversations about technology focused on nuanced and accessible explorations of the emerging tools that reorganize and redefine life today. |
| examples of biased test questions: Proactive Policing National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Law and Justice, Committee on Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime, Communities, and Civil Liberties, 2018-03-23 Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term proactive policing to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities. |
| examples of biased test questions: Test Bias in Employment Selection Testing Thomas A. Stetz, 2022-01-28 This book provides students with a concise introduction to test bias from a psychometric point-of-view without statistics. It uses easy to understand graphs to explain complex technical approaches to test bias giving readers a highly sought-after knowledge enabling them to be better consumers of tests. Studies performed by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) consistently show that selection is a key competency for Human Resource (HR) professionals. Knowledge of test bias is a key component to effectively and legally performing this highly valued HR function. Unfortunately, test bias is rarely covered in HR classes or is presented in a highly technical manner geared to individuals with strong statistical and mathematical backgrounds. This book, requiring no previous statistical or mathematical knowledge, can be used as a supplemental textbook for any class that deals with selection, staffing, or measurement at the undergraduate or graduate level. |
| examples of biased test questions: Naked Statistics: Stripping the Dread from the Data Charles Wheelan, 2013-01-07 A New York Times bestseller Brilliant, funny…the best math teacher you never had. —San Francisco Chronicle Once considered tedious, the field of statistics is rapidly evolving into a discipline Hal Varian, chief economist at Google, has actually called sexy. From batting averages and political polls to game shows and medical research, the real-world application of statistics continues to grow by leaps and bounds. How can we catch schools that cheat on standardized tests? How does Netflix know which movies you’ll like? What is causing the rising incidence of autism? As best-selling author Charles Wheelan shows us in Naked Statistics, the right data and a few well-chosen statistical tools can help us answer these questions and more. For those who slept through Stats 101, this book is a lifesaver. Wheelan strips away the arcane and technical details and focuses on the underlying intuition that drives statistical analysis. He clarifies key concepts such as inference, correlation, and regression analysis, reveals how biased or careless parties can manipulate or misrepresent data, and shows us how brilliant and creative researchers are exploiting the valuable data from natural experiments to tackle thorny questions. And in Wheelan’s trademark style, there’s not a dull page in sight. You’ll encounter clever Schlitz Beer marketers leveraging basic probability, an International Sausage Festival illuminating the tenets of the central limit theorem, and a head-scratching choice from the famous game show Let’s Make a Deal—and you’ll come away with insights each time. With the wit, accessibility, and sheer fun that turned Naked Economics into a bestseller, Wheelan defies the odds yet again by bringing another essential, formerly unglamorous discipline to life. |
| examples of biased test questions: Blindspot Mahzarin R. Banaji, Anthony G. Greenwald, 2016-08-16 “Accessible and authoritative . . . While we may not have much power to eradicate our own prejudices, we can counteract them. The first step is to turn a hidden bias into a visible one. . . . What if we’re not the magnanimous people we think we are?”—The Washington Post I know my own mind. I am able to assess others in a fair and accurate way. These self-perceptions are challenged by leading psychologists Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony G. Greenwald as they explore the hidden biases we all carry from a lifetime of exposure to cultural attitudes about age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, social class, sexuality, disability status, and nationality. “Blindspot” is the authors’ metaphor for the portion of the mind that houses hidden biases. Writing with simplicity and verve, Banaji and Greenwald question the extent to which our perceptions of social groups—without our awareness or conscious control—shape our likes and dislikes and our judgments about people’s character, abilities, and potential. In Blindspot, the authors reveal hidden biases based on their experience with the Implicit Association Test, a method that has revolutionized the way scientists learn about the human mind and that gives us a glimpse into what lies within the metaphoric blindspot. The title’s “good people” are those of us who strive to align our behavior with our intentions. The aim of Blindspot is to explain the science in plain enough language to help well-intentioned people achieve that alignment. By gaining awareness, we can adapt beliefs and behavior and “outsmart the machine” in our heads so we can be fairer to those around us. Venturing into this book is an invitation to understand our own minds. Brilliant, authoritative, and utterly accessible, Blindspot is a book that will challenge and change readers for years to come. Praise for Blindspot “Conversational . . . easy to read, and best of all, it has the potential, at least, to change the way you think about yourself.”—Leonard Mlodinow, The New York Review of Books “Banaji and Greenwald deserve a major award for writing such a lively and engaging book that conveys an important message: Mental processes that we are not aware of can affect what we think and what we do. Blindspot is one of the most illuminating books ever written on this topic.”—Elizabeth F. Loftus, Ph.D., distinguished professor, University of California, Irvine; past president, Association for Psychological Science; author of Eyewitness Testimony |
| examples of biased test questions: Assessment Literacy Thomas DeVere Wolsey, Susan Lenski, Dana L. Grisham, 2020-01-21 This clear, no-nonsense book guides current and future teachers through the concepts, tools, methods, and goals of classroom literacy assessment. The expert authors examine the roles of formative, summative, and benchmark assessments; demystify state and national tests and standards; and show how assessment can seamlessly inform instruction. Strategies for evaluating, choosing, and interpreting assessments are discussed, as are ways to communicate data to parents and administrators. User-friendly resources include boxed vignettes from teachers and researchers, practical assessment tips (and traps to avoid), and 12 reproducible planning forms and handouts. Purchasers get access to a Web page where they can download and print the reproducible materials in a convenient 8 1/2 x 11 size. |
| examples of biased test questions: Social Research in the Judicial Process Wallace D. Loh, 1984-09-17 How to inform the judicial mind, Justice Frankfurter remarked during the school desegregation cases, is one of the most complicated problems. Social research is a potential source of such information. Indeed, in the 1960s and 1970s, with activist courts at the forefront of social reform, the field of law and social science came of age. But for all the recent activity and scholarship in this area, few books have attempted to create an intellectual framework, a systematic introduction to applied social-legal research. Social Research in the Judicial Process addresses this need for a broader picture. Designed for use by both law students and social science students, it constructs a conceptual bridge between social research (the realm of social facts) and judicial decision making (the realm of social values). Its unique casebook format weaves together judicial opinions, empirical studies, and original text. It is a process-oriented book that teaches skills and perspectives, cultivating an informed sensitivity to the use and misuse of psychology, social psychology, and sociology in apellate and trial adjudication. Among the social-legal topics explored are school desegregation, capital punishment, jury impartiality, and eyewitness identification. This casebook is remarkable for its scope, its accessibility, and the intelligence of its conceptual integration. It provides the kind of interdisciplinary teaching framework that should eventually help lawyers to make knowledgeable use of social research, and social scientists to conduct useful research within a legally sophisticated context. |
| examples of biased test questions: Testing in American Schools , 1992 |
| examples of biased test questions: The Language Police Diane Ravitch, 2007-12-18 If you’re an actress or a coed just trying to do a man-size job, a yes-man who turns a deaf ear to some sob sister, an heiress aboard her yacht, or a bookworm enjoying a boy’s night out, Diane Ravitch’s internationally acclaimed The Language Police has bad news for you: Erase those words from your vocabulary! Textbook publishers and state education agencies have sought to root out racist, sexist, and elitist language in classroom and library materials. But according to Diane Ravitch, a leading historian of education, what began with the best of intentions has veered toward bizarre extremes. At a time when we celebrate and encourage diversity, young readers are fed bowdlerized texts, devoid of the references that give these works their meaning and vitality. With forceful arguments and sensible solutions for rescuing American education from the pressure groups that have made classrooms bland and uninspiring, The Language Police offers a powerful corrective to a cultural scandal. |
| examples of biased test questions: Educability and Group Differences Arthur Robert Jensen, Associate Professor of Speech Communication Arthur Jensen, 2012 Jensen is a controversial figure, largely for his conclusions based on his and other research regarding the causes of race based differences in intelligence and in this book he develops more fully the argument he formulated in his controversial Harvard Education Review article 'How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?'. In a wide-ranging survey of the evidence he argues that measured IQ reveals a strong hereditary component and he argues that the system of education which assumes an almost wholly environmentalist view of the causes of group differences capitalizes on a relatively narrow category of human abilities. Since its original publication the controversy surrounding Jensen's ideas has continued as successive generations of psychologists, scientists and policy-makers have grappled with the same issues. |
| examples of biased test questions: Psychology, Seventh Edition (High School) David G. Myers, 2003-06-06 This new edition continues the story of psychology with added research and enhanced content from the most dynamic areas of the field—cognition, gender and diversity studies, neuroscience and more, while at the same time using the most effective teaching approaches and learning tools |
| examples of biased test questions: Challenges of Urban Education Karen A. McClafferty, Carlos Alberto Torres, Theodore R. Mitchell, 2000-02-03 Presents current research and theoretical perspectives on the challenges facing educators in U.S. urban schools. |
| examples of biased test questions: Doing Meta-Analysis with R Mathias Harrer, Pim Cuijpers, Toshi A. Furukawa, David D. Ebert, 2021-09-15 Doing Meta-Analysis with R: A Hands-On Guide serves as an accessible introduction on how meta-analyses can be conducted in R. Essential steps for meta-analysis are covered, including calculation and pooling of outcome measures, forest plots, heterogeneity diagnostics, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, methods to control for publication bias, risk of bias assessments and plotting tools. Advanced but highly relevant topics such as network meta-analysis, multi-three-level meta-analyses, Bayesian meta-analysis approaches and SEM meta-analysis are also covered. A companion R package, dmetar, is introduced at the beginning of the guide. It contains data sets and several helper functions for the meta and metafor package used in the guide. The programming and statistical background covered in the book are kept at a non-expert level, making the book widely accessible. Features • Contains two introductory chapters on how to set up an R environment and do basic imports/manipulations of meta-analysis data, including exercises • Describes statistical concepts clearly and concisely before applying them in R • Includes step-by-step guidance through the coding required to perform meta-analyses, and a companion R package for the book |
| examples of biased test questions: White Logic, White Methods Tukufu Zuberi, Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, 2008 Examines how the racial lenses of the social sciences and the subscription of social scientists to whites' racial common sense have limited their understanding of racial matters and handicapped their capacity to appreciate the significance of the race effect (they call it the racial stratification effect). With an assemblage of leading scholars, White Logic, White Methods explores the possibilities and necessary dethroning of current social research practices, and demands a complete overhaul of current methods, towards a multicultural and pluralist approach to what we know, think, and question. Readers in various social sciences will find useful the chapters in the collection, but all will agree that the introductory and concluding chapters to the volume (Towards a Definition of White Logic and White Methods, and Telling the Real Tale of the Hunt: Towards a Race Conscious Sociology of Racial Stratification) are likely to become classics in the field of racial and ethnic relations. |
| examples of biased test questions: Unconscious Bias in Schools Tracey A. Benson, Sarah E. Fiarman, 2020-07-22 In Unconscious Bias in Schools, two seasoned educators describe the phenomenon of unconscious racial bias and how it negatively affects the work of educators and students in schools. “Regardless of the amount of effort, time, and resources education leaders put into improving the academic achievement of students of color,” the authors write, “if unconscious racial bias is overlooked, improvement efforts may never achieve their highest potential.” In order to address this bias, the authors argue, educators must first be aware of the racialized context in which we live. Through personal anecdotes and real-life scenarios, Unconscious Bias in Schools provides education leaders with an essential roadmap for addressing these issues directly. The authors draw on the literature on change management, leadership, critical race theory, and racial identity development, as well as the growing research on unconscious bias in a variety of fields, to provide guidance for creating the conditions necessary to do this work—awareness, trust, and a “learner’s stance.” Benson and Fiarman also outline specific steps toward normalizing conversations about race; reducing the influence of bias on decision-making; building empathic relationships; and developing a system of accountability. All too often, conversations about race become mired in questions of attitude or intention–“But I’m not a racist!” This book shows how information about unconscious bias can help shift conversations among educators to a more productive, collegial approach that has the potential to disrupt the patterns of perception that perpetuate racism and institutional injustice. Tracey A. Benson is an assistant professor of educational leadership at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Sarah E. Fiarman is the director of leadership development for EL Education, and a former public school teacher, principal, and lecturer at Harvard Graduate School of Education. |
| examples of biased test questions: A Study of American Intelligence Carl Campbell Brigham, 1922 |
| examples of biased test questions: No One Left Standing Michele Wages, 2016-11-14 Every public school student in the U.S. will experience various types of testing each year. For decades, the purpose and quality of such testing, the time it takes to administer and take the test and how the data is used are the topic of discussion among students, parents, educators and policymakers. Those supporting the importance of testing assume that more assessment improves student achievement and that the pros of testing outweigh their ‘perceptions’ of the additional costs. Those against excessive testing, believe that schools are sacrificing learning time in order to test or prepare for the test. They also believe that reduced learning time of non -tested subjects occurs and more time is given to those students that are performing right below the proficiency score or “bubble kids” instead of developing every student’s full potential. Testing in U.S. public schools is out of control. The stress and pressures for all involved have effects that are not even measureable in most instances. Is this really the best thing for our schools? Are there alternative measures that may serve our future in a better way? Will the rewrite of NCLB be enough? |
| examples of biased test questions: Why Are So Many Minority Students in Special Education? Beth Harry, Janette K. Klingner, 2014-04-01 The second edition of this powerful book examines the disproportionate placement of Black and Hispanic students in special education. The authors present compelling, research-based stories representing the range of experiences faced by culturally and linguistically diverse students who fall in the liminal shadow of perceived disability. They examine the children's experiences, their families' interactions with school personnel, the teachers' and schools' estimation of the children and their families, and the school climate that influences decisions about referrals to special education. Based on the authors' 4 years of ethnographic research in a large, culturally diverse school district, the book concludes with recommendations for improving educational practice, teacher training, and policy renewal. |
| examples of biased test questions: Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research Alex C. Michalos, 2014-02-12 The aim of this encyclopedia is to provide a comprehensive reference work on scientific and other scholarly research on the quality of life, including health-related quality of life research or also called patient-reported outcomes research. Since the 1960s two overlapping but fairly distinct research communities and traditions have developed concerning ideas about the quality of life, individually and collectively, one with a fairly narrow focus on health-related issues and one with a quite broad focus. In many ways, the central issues of these fields have roots extending to the observations and speculations of ancient philosophers, creating a continuous exploration by diverse explorers in diverse historic and cultural circumstances over several centuries of the qualities of human existence. What we have not had so far is a single, multidimensional reference work connecting the most salient and important contributions to the relevant fields. Entries are organized alphabetically and cover basic concepts, relatively well established facts, lawlike and causal relations, theories, methods, standardized tests, biographic entries on significant figures, organizational profiles, indicators and indexes of qualities of individuals and of communities of diverse sizes, including rural areas, towns, cities, counties, provinces, states, regions, countries and groups of countries. |
| examples of biased test questions: Assessment Essentials for Standards-Based Education James H. McMillan, 2008-04-16 This revised edition shows educators how to integrate assessment with teaching and learning and offers new chapters that discuss a variety of assessment and grading techniques. |
| examples of biased test questions: Allocating Federal Funds for State Programs for English Language Learners National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Testing and Assessment, Committee on National Statistics, Panel to Review Alternative Data Sources for the Limited-English Proficiency Allocation Formula Under Title III, Part A, Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 2011-06-20 As the United States continues to be a nation of immigrants and their children, the nation's school systems face increased enrollments of students whose primary language is not English. With the 2001 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), the allocation of federal funds for programs to assist these students to be proficient in English became formula-based: 80 percent on the basis of the population of children with limited English proficiency1 and 20 percent on the basis of the population of recently immigrated children and youth. Title III of NCLB directs the U.S. Department of Education to allocate funds on the basis of the more accurate of two allowable data sources: the number of students reported to the federal government by each state education agency or data from the American Community Survey (ACS). The department determined that the ACS estimates are more accurate, and since 2005, those data have been basis for the federal distribution of Title III funds. Subsequently, analyses of the two data sources have raised concerns about that decision, especially because the two allowable data sources would allocate quite different amounts to the states. In addition, while shortcomings were noted in the data provided by the states, the ACS estimates were shown to fluctuate between years, causing concern among the states about the unpredictability and unevenness of program funding. In this context, the U.S. Department of Education commissioned the National Research Council to address the accuracy of the estimates from the two data sources and the factors that influence the estimates. The resulting book also considers means of increasing the accuracy of the data sources or alternative data sources that could be used for allocation purposes. |
| examples of biased test questions: Hearings United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 1969 |
| examples of biased test questions: Politics and the English Language George Orwell, 2021-01-01 George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Politics and the English Language, the second in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell takes aim at the language used in politics, which, he says, ‘is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind’. In an age where the language used in politics is constantly under the microscope, Orwell’s Politics and the English Language is just as relevant today, and gives the reader a vital understanding of the tactics at play. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times |
| examples of biased test questions: Comprehending Test Manuals Ann C Silverlake, 2016-09-13 • Your students will get valuable practice in interpreting actual excerpts from published test manuals. • Each of the 39 exercises begins with a guideline that helps students review the measurement concepts they will need in order to complete the exercise. • Background notes on each exercise describe the purpose of the test from which the excerpt was drawn. • Students answer questions that require them to locate and interpret important points in the excerpt. • The excerpts are largely unabridged so that students practice interpreting material as it is actually presented by test makers. • The skills they learn with this book can be easily transferred to other test manuals they may be using in the future. • Students have an ethical responsibility to be thoroughly familiar with the technical characteristics of the tests they will use. This book prepares them for this responsibility. • All major topics are covered, including: · validity · reliability · standard error of measurement · norm group composition · derived scores · scales to detect faking · item analysis · cultural bias • The excerpts are drawn from tests such as: · Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children · Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test · 16PF · Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale · MMPI · Beck Depression Inventory · Stanford Achievement Test Series · KeyMath · and many others! |
| examples of biased test questions: Adapting Tests in Linguistic and Cultural Situations Dragoş Iliescu, 2017-11-02 This book provides a practical but scientifically grounded step-by-step approach to the adaptation of tests in linguistic and cultural contexts. |
| examples of biased test questions: Cigarette Labeling and Advertising, 1969 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 1969 |
| examples of biased test questions: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
| examples of biased test questions: Essentials of Culture in Psychological Assessment A. Jordan Wright, 2024-09-24 Integrate cultural awareness and humility into your psychological assessments In Essentials of Culture in Psychological Assessment, editor Jordan A. Wright curates a collection of invaluable work that helps psychological assessors be more deliberate in acknowledging—and, in some cases, mitigating—the role that culture and cultural experiences can play in the psychological assessment process. It encourages assessors to think about cultural issues as they relate to clients, including the cultural background clients bring with them to the assessment and the oppressive experiences they may have endured. You'll explore the roles that power and privilege might play in the assessment process and the cultural variables that affect the interaction with clients and the process as it unfolds. You'll also discover how culture and oppression can be considered and accounted for throughout the entire lifecycle of a psychological assessment. Readers will also find: Tools and strategies for conducting culture-informed and diversity-sensitive psychological assessment Techniques for understanding the data that arises from clients from various backgrounds Ways to integrate culture into every aspect of psychological assessment Perfect for psychology clinicians of all kinds, Essentials of Culture in Psychological Assessment is a can't-miss resource that will inform, improve, and transform the way you conduct psychological testing and assessment on clients from a variety of cultural backgrounds. |
| examples of biased test questions: Assessment in Elementary and Secondary Education Erin D. Caffrey, 2011 |
| examples of biased test questions: The TurnAround ToolKit Lynn Winters, Joan Herman, 2010-12-07 An absolute MUST-READ for school leaders who need to generate school improvement immediately! This book will help you make your school′s turnaround a success. —Bruce Haddix, Principal Center Grove Elementary School, Greenwood, IN The authors go to the heart of school improvement by addressing the critical need to elevate learning for all students through the use of formative data and evaluation. —Jim Lentz, Superintendent USD 402 Augusta Public Schools, KS Transform your school with research-based tools! If you want to dramatically improve your school′s performance in a short time, this book is for you. Using formative evaluation, The TurnAround ToolKit offers educators a nine-step method based on data-driven continuous improvement processes. Experts and experienced practitioners Lynn Winters and Joan Herman frame these steps within three overarching turnaround tasks that begin with realigning systems, progress to integrating data to create the turnaround plan, and, finally, set the stage for ongoing plan revision. Collaboration and rigorous reflection are interwoven through all the steps. The authors clearly explain how to use data to strategically choose, implement, and monitor school interventions. Included are proven methods for: Improving school and student achievement Meeting accountability targets Increasing your school′s competitive edge and reputation Building a solid system for ongoing school improvement This comprehensive resource has it all—a clear step-by-step procedure, tools for implementing each step, pocket summaries for each chapter, and leadership guides to walk you through the process. |
| examples of biased test questions: The Nature of Prejudice Gordon Willard Allport, 1954 |
| examples of biased test questions: The IQ Mythology Elaine Mensh, Harry Mensh, 1991-04-20 Ever since Alfred Binet carried out a 1904 commission from France’s minister of public instruction to devise a means for deciding which pupils should be sent to what would now be called special education classes, IQ scores have been used to label and track children. Those same scores have been cited as proof that different races, classes, and genders are of superior and inferior intelligence. The Menshes make clear that from the beginning IQ tests have been fundamentally biased. Offered as a means for seeking solutions to social problems, the actual measurements have been used to maintain the status quo. Often the most telling comments are from the test-makers themselves, whether Binet (little girls weak in orthography are strong in sewing and capable in the instruction concerning housekeeping; and, all things considered, this is more important for their future) or Wigdor and Garner (naive use of intelligence tests . . . to place children of linguistic or racial minority status in special education programs will not be defensible in court). Among the disturbing facts that the authors share is that there is mounting political pressure for more tests and testing despite a court trial in which the judge stated that defendants’ expert witnesses, even those clearly affiliated with the companies that devise and distribute the standardized intelligence tests, agreed, with one exception, that we cannot truly define, much less measure, intelligence. The testing firms have responded to this carefully orchestrated need with new products that extend even to the IQ testing of three-month-old infants. The authors stress that, if the testers prevail, there is little doubt that these and similar tests would be used ad infinitum to justify superior and inferior education along class and racial lines. |
| examples of biased test questions: Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology Joan C. Chrisler, Donald R. McCreary, 2010-03-12 Donald R. McCreary and Joan C. Chrisler The Development of Gender Studies in Psychology Studies of sex differences are as old as the ?eld of psychology, and they have been conducted in every sub?eld of the discipline. There are probably many reasons for the popularity of these studies, but three reasons seem to be most prominent. First, social psychological studies of person perception show that sex is especially salient in social groups. It is the ?rst thing people notice about others, and it is one of the things we remember best (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch, Duan, & Glass, 1992). For example, people may not remember who uttered a witty remark, but they are likely to remember whether the quip came from a woman or a man. Second, many people hold ?rm beliefs that aspects of physiology suit men and women for particular social roles. Men’s greater upper body strength makes them better candidates for manual labor, and their greater height gives the impression that they would make good leaders (i. e. , people we look up to). Women’s reproductive capacity and the caretaking tasks (e. g. , breastfeeding, baby minding) that accompany it make them seem suitable for other roles that require gentleness and nurturance. Third, the logic that underlies hypothesis testing in the sciences is focused on difference. Researchers design their studies with the hope that they can reject the null hypothesis that experimental groups do not differ. |
Examples - Apache ECharts
Apache ECharts，一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Apache ECharts
ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文、技术报告、新闻报告、教育、专利以及其他相关活动中使用了 …
Events - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Apache ECharts，一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code Standard; …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code Standard; …
Apache ECharts
ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文、技术报告、新闻报告、教育、专利以及其他相关活动中使用了 Apache …
Events - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code Standard; …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Apache ECharts，一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可 …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; …
Apache ECharts
ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文 …
Events - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; …
Abstract Reasoning - Psychometric Success
ABSTR ACT REASONING—PR ACTICE TEST Test 1—25 Questions Answer as many questions as you can in 20 minutes. Circle the letter on the right which corresponds ... questions that are used to …
UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORTING STUDENTS WHO …
raph 5 standardized tests (e.g., IQ tests, statewide tests, college and graduate program entrance and exit exams, job aptitude tests, etc.; McMahon, 2015).
WORKED EXAMPLES 1 TOTAL PROBABILITY AND BAYES …
5 Example 5 A coin for which P(Heads) = p is tossed until two successive Tails are obtained. Find the probability that the experiment is completed on the nth toss. SOLUTION: Deflne † sample …
Hypothesis testing Chapter 1 - Cambridge University Press
In a test with twelve questions, one student gets four questions correct. T est, at the 10% signi cance level, the null hypothesis that the student is guessing the a nswers. b In a further test …
Culturally Biased Test Questions Examples Full PDF
Culturally Biased Test Questions Examples: Perspectives on Bias in Mental Testing Cecil Reynolds,2013-11-11 The cultural test bias hypothesis is one of the most important scien tific …
norm refrenced tests - FairTest
Tests can be biased. Some questions may favor one kind of student or another for reasons that have nothing to do with the subject area being tested. Non-school knowledge that is more co ...
Exam Style Questions - Corbettmaths
Exam Style Questions Ensure you have: Pencil, pen, ruler, protractor, pair of compasses and eraser You may use tracing paper if needed Guidance 1. Read each question carefully before you begin …
Bias in Psychological Assessment - Wiley Online Library
origins of the test bias controversy 84 effects and implications of the test bias controversy 86 possible sources of bias 86 what test bias is and is not 87 related questions 89 explaining group …
Accompanying Guide to New Question Type - Texas Education …
All example questions in this guide are from the new question type samplers, which are available here: new question type samplers Information provided in this document is subject to change …
ELPAC Practice Test Grades 11-12 - Los Angeles Unified …
All grades/grade spans have test questions in four different domains: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. The Speaking test questions are administered one-on-one by a Test Examiner at …
Valid and Reliable Assessments - ed
a single administration are equivalent; that retests of a given test are equivalent to the original test, and that test difficulty remains constant year to year. When a student must take a make-up test, …
Chapter 7. Statistical Estimation - Stanford University
3.Biased but consistent, on the other hand, was the MLE estimator. We showed its expectation was n n+ 1 , which is actually \asymptotically unbiased" since E h ^ n;MLE i = n n+ 1 ! as n!1. It does …
Bias and Sensitivity Guidelines 2022 - SmarterBalanced
Jun 30, 2022 · ECD provides a chain of evidence-based reasoning linking test performance to the claims to be made about test takers. Fair assessments are essential to the use of ECD. If test …
The WRITI CTR - Purdue University Fort Wayne
The CRAAP Test is a list of questions to help you determine if the information you have is worthy of use in your projects. Please keep in mind that the following list of questions is not static or …
Collection of Solved Feedback Ampli fier Problems
examples, a test voltage source is added in series with the load. Most texts neglect the feedforward gain through the feedback network in calculating the forward gain A. When the flow graph is …
Florida EOC Civics End-of-Course Assessment Sample …
Sample Questions . Regular Print Paper-Based Accommodation . The intent of these sample test materials is to orient teachers and students to the types of questions ... B biased C informational …
Test Bias, Fairness, and Standardized Admission Tests
assure that test bias does not occur, and are administered, scored, and reported following the same procedures for all candidates. PCAT test forms consist of both operational items (used in …
I Love You More Book (2024) - research.frcog.org
Right here, we have countless book I Love You More Book and collections to check out. We additionally have the funds for variant types and after that type of the books to browse.
Chapter 9 Autocorrelation - IIT Kanpur
Durbin Watson test: The Durbin-Watson (D-W) test is used for testing the hypothesis of lack of first-order autocorrelation in the disturbance term. The null hypothesis is H0:0 Use OLS to …
Bias in Science: Natural and Social
concerns about the generation of biased data and conclusions, owing perhaps to the outsized influence of apparently “nonepistemic values,” such as political ideology and personal gain. Due …
An Introduction to Differential Item Functioning Analysis - ed
a test measures only construct-relevant differences between subpopulations (Messick, 1989). If test equity is not achieved, a test or test item is biased toward a particular subpopulation of the …
1.2 Bias For the following examples, determine whether the …
For the following examples, determine whether the survey sample is biased or unbiased. Explain your answers. 1. Question: What is your favorite sport? Sample is chosen from people attending a …
Psychometric Barriers II: Test Bias - GitHub Pages
Questions derived from the lecture slide materials All lectures will be represented in the exam Contains a mixture of "easy", "moderate", and "hard items" ... However, it is also possible the …
Learning to Address Implicit Bias Towards LGBTQ Patients: …
from the Sexuality Implicit Assessment Test (IAT) found that heterosexual physicians, nurses, and other health care providers implicitly favored heterosexual people over gay and lesbian people.7 …
Determining Fact, Opinion, and Bias - Mr. Anderson
In this article, Dr. Cavanaugh stretches our notions of literacy by providing examples of how technology, in this case cell phones, can be used for reading and writing. Cell phones and …
norm refrenced tests - FairTest
Tests can be biased. Some questions may favor one kind of student or another for reasons that have nothing to do with the subject area being tested. Non-school knowledge that is more co ...
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Examples Workout Click here
(b) Do you think the dice is biased? Explain your answer. Question 4: Jessica wants to test if a coin is biased. She throws the coin 24 times. (a) Complete the relative frequency table. (b) Do you …
Quarter 4 Module 7 Differentiating Bias and Prejudice - DepEd …
Jul 21, 2020 · Directions: Based on the discussion on this module, give examples of Biases and Prejudices. Example Bias: 1. Bea won the beauty contest because one of the judges is her father. …
Activity Guide for Students: How Bias Affects - Science News
2. What sources of potential bias (if any) did you identify in the study or design project? Describe any procedures or policies deliberately included in the study or design project to eliminate ...
How To Become An Avid Teacher (2024) - mobile.frcog.org
Thank you for reading How To Become An Avid Teacher. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this How To Become An Avid Teacher, …
TESTING AND ASSESSMENT WITH PERSONS
a given test and/or test item are equivalent or invariant between members from culturally different populations with those from the reference population for which the test and assessment scores …
Unintentional Bias in Court
leading questions remain an approved part of the cross- Box 2. Leading questions Leading questions are those that demand a particular answer.27 Leading: demands the respondent to …
Wrong Answers Only Questions To Ask List [PDF]
Wrong Answers Only Questions To Ask List and Bestseller Lists 5. Accessing Wrong Answers Only Questions To Ask List Free and Paid eBooks Wrong Answers Only Questions To Ask List Public …
Bias in Psychological Assessment - Wiley Online Library
origins of the test bias controversy 84 effects and implications of the test bias controversy 86 possible sources of bias 86 what test bias is and is not 87 related questions 89 explaining group …
Chapter 7 Written Tests: Constructed-Response and Selected …
In this chapter, CR items are discussed as direct or implied open-ended questions or other types of stimuli that require examinees to write (or type) responses or answers, which are ... examples of …
Chapter 4 Developing Research Questions: Hypotheses …
Developing Research Questions: Hypotheses and Variables Common Sources of Research Questions Professors ... An examination of publications by student researchers provides several …
SOME ISSUES IN THE STANDARDIZED TESTING OF …
test construction, use, and interpretation-- underlies most criticism of aptitude and achievement tests. Flaugher (1974) discusses how the misinterpretation of a low test score by society as "an …
The Problem of Bias in Psychological Assessment - Gwern
Put another way, if well- constructed and properly standardized tests are biased, then less standardized, more subjective approaches are almost certain to be at least as biased and …
Cultural Context in Standardized Tests - UNSW Sites
NAPLAN test or a contextualized test designed to mimic the regular test, but adapted to the local context of Dubbo. That local context includes being part of a “rural and remote” community …
Guidance for Researchers When Using Inclusive Demographic …
answer the questions (Pew Research Center, 2022b). If researchers do not use established questions like the ones we present in this article, we suggest they pilot test their questions with a …
2003 AP Psychology Scoring Guidelines - College Board
Point 10: Describe how to determine whether an intelligence test is biased. • Note that two groups (not individuals) differ on IQ test AND { specify procedure for determining potential bias OR …
Abstract - arXiv.org
on 98% of the questions when there is insufficient information; on open generation prompts from BOLD [29], GPT-4 generated texts with similar levels of sentiment and emotions between …
Chapter 5 Assessing Risk of Bias as a Domain of Quality in …
interpretation of test results may affect estimates of test performance. Incorporation bias . The result of the index test is used to establish the final diagnosis. Observer variability . The …
Lab Title: Cognitive Biases - American Psychological …
1. Students should construct a questionnaire consisting of questions that elicit cognitive biases. This activity could be done as an in-class project, with students drawing examples from their textbook …
Fbi Phase 1 Practice Test - cie-advances.asme.org
5. Accessing Fbi Phase 1 Practice Test Free and Paid eBooks Fbi Phase 1 Practice Test Public Domain eBooks Fbi Phase 1 Practice Test eBook Subscription Services Fbi Phase 1 Practice Test …
How To Pass State Farm Assessment Test Full PDF
Assessment Test books and manuals is Open Library. Open Library is an initiative of the Internet Archive, a non-profit ... examples include MIT OpenCourseWare, which offers free access to …
Researchers (see Bond, 1981; Cole, 1981) have taken three
Green et al., 1982) described the serious problems faced by test publishers who may decide to discard statistically deviant items even though they are unable to explain why they are biased "in …
A Quick Guide to Policy Questions - Berkeley Law
A Quick Guide to Policy Questions What is a policy question? • “Policy” refers to the reasons or purpose for a legal rule • Policy questions typically are short essay questions that ask you to …
TOEFL iBT® Free Practice Test
General Test Information This free practice test will familiarize you with most of the question types found on the TOEFL iBT® test. This test is not a simulation of the TOEFL iBT® test. You will not …
Show me the evidence! A primary source toolkit for GCSE History.
• Practice 2: identifying the utility of biased sources. • Assessment: understand how all sources can be useful despite their bias. TOP TIP Although identifying bias is an important tool to have, you …
