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| examples of scaffolding in math: Instructional Scaffolding in STEM Education Brian R. Belland, 2016-10-03 This book uses meta-analysis to synthesize research on scaffolding and scaffolding-related interventions in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education. Specifically, the volume examines the extent to which study quality, assessment type, and scaffolding characteristics (strategy, intended outcome, fading schedule, scaffolding intervention, and paired intervention) influence cognitive student outcomes. It includes detailed descriptions of the theoretical foundations of scaffolding, scaffolding strategies that have been proposed to meet different intended learning outcomes in STEM, and associated efficacy information. Furthermore, the book describes assessment strategies and study designs which can be used to evaluate the influence of scaffolding, and suggests new fields in which scaffolding strategies that have proven efficacious may be used. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: The Knowledge Gap Natalie Wexler, 2020-08-04 The untold story of the root cause of America's education crisis--and the seemingly endless cycle of multigenerational poverty. It was only after years within the education reform movement that Natalie Wexler stumbled across a hidden explanation for our country's frustrating lack of progress when it comes to providing every child with a quality education. The problem wasn't one of the usual scapegoats: lazy teachers, shoddy facilities, lack of accountability. It was something no one was talking about: the elementary school curriculum's intense focus on decontextualized reading comprehension skills at the expense of actual knowledge. In the tradition of Dale Russakoff's The Prize and Dana Goldstein's The Teacher Wars, Wexler brings together history, research, and compelling characters to pull back the curtain on this fundamental flaw in our education system--one that fellow reformers, journalists, and policymakers have long overlooked, and of which the general public, including many parents, remains unaware. But The Knowledge Gap isn't just a story of what schools have gotten so wrong--it also follows innovative educators who are in the process of shedding their deeply ingrained habits, and describes the rewards that have come along: students who are not only excited to learn but are also acquiring the knowledge and vocabulary that will enable them to succeed. If we truly want to fix our education system and unlock the potential of our neediest children, we have no choice but to pay attention. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Integrating Differentiated Instruction and Understanding by Design Carol Ann Tomlinson, Jay McTighe, 2006-01-15 Teachers struggle every day to bring quality instruction to their students. Beset by lists of content standards and accompanying high-stakes accountability tests, many educators sense that both teaching and learning have been redirected in ways that are potentially impoverishing for those who teach and those who learn. Educators need a model that acknowledges the centrality of standards but also ensures that students truly understand content and can apply it in meaningful ways. For many educators, Understanding by Design addresses that need. Simultaneously, teachers find it increasingly difficult to ignore the diversity of the learners who populate their classrooms. Few teachers find their work effective or satisfying when they simply serve up a curriculum—even an elegant one—to students with no regard for their varied learning needs. For many educators, Differentiated Instruction offers a framework for addressing learner variance as a critical component of instructional planning. In this book the two models converge, providing readers fresh perspectives on two of the greatest contemporary challenges for educators: crafting powerful curriculum in a standards-dominated era and ensuring academic success for the full spectrum of learners. Each model strengthens the other. Understanding by Design is predominantly a curriculum design model that focuses on what we teach. Differentiated Instruction focuses on whom we teach, where we teach, and how we teach. Carol Ann Tomlinson and Jay McTighe show you how to use the principles of backward design and differentiation together to craft lesson plans that will teach essential knowledge and skills for the full spectrum of learners. Connecting content and kids in meaningful ways is what teachers strive to do every day. In tandem, UbD and DI help educators meet that goal by providing structures, tools, and guidance for developing curriculum and instruction that bring to students the best of what we know about effective teaching and learning. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: After Admission James E. Rosenbaum, Regina Deil-Amen, Ann E. Person, 2007-01-04 Enrollment at America's community colleges has exploded in recent years, with five times as many entering students today as in 1965. However, most community college students do not graduate; many earn no credits and may leave school with no more advantages in the labor market than if they had never attended. Experts disagree over the reason for community colleges' mixed record. Is it that the students in these schools are under-prepared and ill-equipped for the academic rigors of college? Are the colleges themselves not adapting to keep up with the needs of the new kinds of students they are enrolling? In After Admission, James Rosenbaum, Regina Deil-Amen, and Ann Person weigh in on this debate with a close look at this important trend in American higher education. After Admission compares community colleges with private occupational colleges that offer accredited associates degrees. The authors examine how these different types of institutions reach out to students, teach them social and cultural skills valued in the labor market, and encourage them to complete a degree. Rosenbaum, Deil-Amen, and Person find that community colleges are suffering from a kind of identity crisis as they face the inherent complexities of guiding their students towards four-year colleges or to providing them with vocational skills to support a move directly into the labor market. This confusion creates administrative difficulties and problems allocating resources. However, these contradictions do not have to pose problems for students. After Admission shows that when colleges present students with clear pathways, students can effectively navigate the system in a way that fits their needs. The occupational colleges the authors studied employed close monitoring of student progress, regular meetings with advisors and peer cohorts, and structured plans for helping students meet career goals in a timely fashion. These procedures helped keep students on track and, the authors suggest, could have the same effect if implemented at community colleges. As college access grows in America, institutions must adapt to meet the needs of a new generation of students. After Admission highlights organizational innovations that can help guide students more effectively through higher education. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Answers in the Tool Box Clifford Adelman, 2000-12 A report on what contributes most to long-term bachelor's degree completion of students who attend 4-year colleges. Compiles info. from high school (HS) & college transcript records, test scores, & surveys of a nat. cohort from 10th grade in 1980 until age 30 in 1993. This study was motivated by 4 developments in higher educ. during the 1990s: the growing use of institutional graduate rates as a measure of accountability; an expanding proportion of HS graduates entering postsec. educ.; students attending 2 or more colleges in their undergrad. careers; & disputes involving admissions formulas where affirmative action policies have been challenged. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Explicit Instruction Anita L. Archer, Charles A. Hughes, 2011-02-22 Explicit instruction is systematic, direct, engaging, and success oriented--and has been shown to promote achievement for all students. This highly practical and accessible resource gives special and general education teachers the tools to implement explicit instruction in any grade level or content area. The authors are leading experts who provide clear guidelines for identifying key concepts, skills, and routines to teach; designing and delivering effective lessons; and giving students opportunities to practice and master new material. Sample lesson plans, lively examples, and reproducible checklists and teacher worksheets enhance the utility of the volume. Purchasers can also download and print the reproducible materials for repeated use. Video clips demonstrating the approach in real classrooms are available at the authors' website: www.explicitinstruction.org. See also related DVDs from Anita Archer: Golden Principles of Explicit Instruction; Active Participation: Getting Them All Engaged, Elementary Level; and Active Participation: Getting Them All Engaged, Secondary Level |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Revisiting Mathematics Education Hans Freudenthal, 2005-12-08 This book is a product of love and respect. If that sounds rather odd I initially apologise, but let me explain why I use those words. The original manuscript was of course Freudenthal’s, but his colleagues have carried the project through to its conclusion with love for the man, and his ideas, and with a respect developed over years of communal effort. Their invitation to me to write this Preface e- bles me to pay my respects to the great man, although I am probably incurring his wrath for writing a Preface for his book without his permission! I just hope he understands the feelings of all colleagues engaged in this particular project. Hans Freudenthal died on October 13th, 1990 when this book project was well in hand. In fact he wrote to me in April 1988, saying “I am thinking about a new book. I have got the sub-title (China Lectures) though I still lack a title”. I was astonished. He had retired in 1975, but of course he kept working. Then in 1985 we had been helping him celebrate his 80th birthday, and although I said in an Editorial Statement in Educational Studies in Mathematics (ESM) at the time “we look forward to him enjoying many more years of non-retirement” I did not expect to see another lengthy manuscript. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Math on the Move Malke Rosenfeld, 2016-10-18 Kids love to move. But how do we harness all that kinetic energy effectively for math learning? In Math on the Move, Malke Rosenfeld shows how pairing math concepts and whole body movement creates opportunities for students to make sense of math in entirely new ways. Malke shares her experience creating dynamic learning environments by: exploring the use of the body as a thinking tool, highlighting mathematical ideas that are usefully explored with a moving body, providing a range of entry points for learning to facilitate a moving math classroom. ...--Publisher description. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: How People Learn National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning with additional material from the Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice, 2000-08-11 First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Teaching Mathematics in Grades 6 - 12 Randall E. Groth, 2012-08-10 Teaching Mathematics in Grades 6 - 12 by Randall E. Groth explores how research in mathematics education can inform teaching practice in grades 6-12. The author shows preservice mathematics teachers the value of being a researcher—constantly experimenting with methods for developing students' mathematical thinking—and connecting this research to practices that enhance students' understanding of the material. Ultimately, preservice teachers will gain a deeper understanding of the types of mathematical knowledge students bring to school, and how students' thinking may develop in response to different teaching strategies. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Helping Children Learn Mathematics National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Center for Education, Mathematics Learning Study Committee, 2002-07-31 Results from national and international assessments indicate that school children in the United States are not learning mathematics well enough. Many students cannot correctly apply computational algorithms to solve problems. Their understanding and use of decimals and fractions are especially weak. Indeed, helping all children succeed in mathematics is an imperative national goal. However, for our youth to succeed, we need to change how we're teaching this discipline. Helping Children Learn Mathematics provides comprehensive and reliable information that will guide efforts to improve school mathematics from pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. The authors explain the five strands of mathematical proficiency and discuss the major changes that need to be made in mathematics instruction, instructional materials, assessments, teacher education, and the broader educational system and answers some of the frequently asked questions when it comes to mathematics instruction. The book concludes by providing recommended actions for parents and caregivers, teachers, administrators, and policy makers, stressing the importance that everyone work together to ensure a mathematically literate society. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Construction Zone Terry Thompson, 2023-10-10 Instructional scaffolding is an essential part of teaching literacy. But what is scaffolding exactly? What does it look like in a classroom, and how can we improve the ways we use it? Despite its prominence in the repertoire of teaching strategies, scaffolding remains a vague concept for many teachers. ' In essence, scaffolding is the idea of supporting students as they build independence. In The Construction Zone: Building Scaffolding for Readers and Writers, Terry Thompson identifies four critical processes to deepen your understanding and improve your practice of instructional scaffolding: ·' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Finding and maintaining a specific focus ·' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Practicing flexibility in planning and delivering instruction ·' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Giving constructive feedback in response to student efforts ·' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Monitoring to ensure that students are working at optimal levels of responsibility Thompson' encourages teachers to enhance their use of the traditional gradual release process through five actionable steps: show, share, support, sustain, and survey, and in doing so provides procedures and techniques to help them establish and maintain strong scaffolds throughout the instructional day. The Construction Zone is written from the teacher's perspective and urges educators to fully embrace their role in the scaffolding process while staying mindful of the effect it has on students. ' Taking a student from dependence upon the teacher to independent learning is what teaching is all about, and instructional scaffolding is key to accomplishing this goal. Regardless of where you are in your understanding of instructional scaffolding, The Construction Zone will raise your level of awareness around your instructional practices and the ways you scaffold students to independence.' ' |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Unlocking English Learners' Potential Diane Staehr Fenner, Sydney Snyder, 2017-05-16 Schools are not intentionally equitable places for English learners to achieve, but they could be if the right system of support were put in place. Diane Staehr Fenner and Sydney Snyder recommend just such a system. Not only does it have significant potential for providing fuller access to the core curriculum, it also provides a path for teachers to travel as they navigate the individual needs of students and support their learning journeys. --Douglas Fisher, Coauthor of Visible Learning for Literacy A once-in-a-generation text for assisting a new generation of students Content teachers and ESOL teachers, take special note: if you're looking for a single resource to help your English learners meet the same challenging content standards as their English-proficient peers, your search is complete. Just dip into this toolbox of strategies, examples, templates, and activities from EL authorities Diane Staehr Fenner and Sydney Snyder. The best part? Unlocking English Learners' Potential supports teachers across all levels of experience. The question is not if English learners can succeed in today's more rigorous classrooms, but how. Unlocking English Learners' Potential is all about the how: How to scaffold ELs' instruction across content and grade levels How to promote ELs' oral language development and academic language How to help ELs analyze text through close reading and text-dependent questions How to build ELs' background knowledge How to design and use formative assessment with ELs Along the way, you'll build the collaboration, advocacy, and leadership skills that we all need if we're to fully support our English learners. After all, any one of us with at least one student acquiring English is now a teacher of ELs. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Guided Math AMPED Reagan Tunstall, 2021-03-31 In today's classrooms, the instructional needs and developmental levels of our students are highly varied, and the conventional math whole-group model has its downsides. In contrast to the rigid, one-size-ts-all approach of conventional whole-group instruction, guided math allows us to structure our math block to support student learning in risk-free, small-group instruction. Guided math goes beyond just reorganizing your math block; it also gives you an opportunity to approach math instruction with a renewed sense of perspective and purpose. Drawing on two decades of experience, Reagan Tunstall oers step-by-step best practices to help educators revolutionize their math blocks with a student-centered approach. Whether you're a new teacher who's curious about guided math or a veteran educator looking to hone your methodology, Guided Math AMPED will transform your math block into an exciting and engaging encounter that encourages your students to see themselves as genuine mathematicians. Most educators have come to realize that the magic happens at the teacher table or during small-group instruction. If that's the case, Guided Math AMPED is the spell book. -JENNIFER SALYARDS, M.Ed., principal, Chamberlin Elementary, Stephenville ISD Guided Math AMPED provides educators with a practical framework for enhancing math instruction in a way that provides research-based practices, differentiated instruction, and fun, all while strengthening relationships with students and developing math mindsets. No matter your experience or tenure in education, Guided Math AMPED will give you tips and tricks to implement in your classroom. -MATT BERES, district administrator, Wooster, OH Guided math is one of the best things you can implement in your classroom, and Reagan Tunstall is the best to learn from, thanks to her perfect framework and step-by-step instructions. She has thought through every potential roadblock and offers concise solutions because she's experienced it all in her own classroom. -HALEE SIKORSKI, educator, A Latte Learning Don't you dare let another teacher borrow this book . . . you may never get it back! From the rst page to the end, this book is lled with practical ideas and guidelines guaranteed to take your guided math block to the next level. -LORI MCDONALD, M.Ed., retired educator |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Understanding by Design Grant P. Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2005 What is understanding and how does it differ from knowledge? How can we determine the big ideas worth understanding? Why is understanding an important teaching goal, and how do we know when students have attained it? How can we create a rigorous and engaging curriculum that focuses on understanding and leads to improved student performance in today's high-stakes, standards-based environment? Authors Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe answer these and many other questions in this second edition of Understanding by Design. Drawing on feedback from thousands of educators around the world who have used the UbD framework since its introduction in 1998, the authors have greatly revised and expanded their original work to guide educators across the K-16 spectrum in the design of curriculum, assessment, and instruction. With an improved UbD Template at its core, the book explains the rationale of backward design and explores in greater depth the meaning of such key ideas as essential questions and transfer tasks. Readers will learn why the familiar coverage- and activity-based approaches to curriculum design fall short, and how a focus on the six facets of understanding can enrich student learning. With an expanded array of practical strategies, tools, and examples from all subject areas, the book demonstrates how the research-based principles of Understanding by Design apply to district frameworks as well as to individual units of curriculum. Combining provocative ideas, thoughtful analysis, and tested approaches, this new edition of Understanding by Design offers teacher-designers a clear path to the creation of curriculum that ensures better learning and a more stimulating experience for students and teachers alike. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: English Language Learners in the Mathematics Classroom Debra Coggins, 2007-02-12 Offering strategies, guidelines, and classroom vignettes, English Language Learners in the Mathematics Classroom demonstrates how to adjust mathematics instruction to make the learning less language-dependent while fostering language development. With straightforward terms and examples, this text helps teachers develop specialized understanding and knowledge of strategies for supporting a high level of mathematics learning along with language acquisition for ELLs. The authors show how to use conversational, everyday language to bridge the development of mathematical concepts and offer links to accompanying academic vocabulary. --From publisher's description. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: How Learning Works Susan A. Ambrose, Michael W. Bridges, Michele DiPietro, Marsha C. Lovett, Marie K. Norman, 2010-04-16 Praise for How Learning Works How Learning Works is the perfect title for this excellent book. Drawing upon new research in psychology, education, and cognitive science, the authors have demystified a complex topic into clear explanations of seven powerful learning principles. Full of great ideas and practical suggestions, all based on solid research evidence, this book is essential reading for instructors at all levels who wish to improve their students' learning. —Barbara Gross Davis, assistant vice chancellor for educational development, University of California, Berkeley, and author, Tools for Teaching This book is a must-read for every instructor, new or experienced. Although I have been teaching for almost thirty years, as I read this book I found myself resonating with many of its ideas, and I discovered new ways of thinking about teaching. —Eugenia T. Paulus, professor of chemistry, North Hennepin Community College, and 2008 U.S. Community Colleges Professor of the Year from The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education Thank you Carnegie Mellon for making accessible what has previously been inaccessible to those of us who are not learning scientists. Your focus on the essence of learning combined with concrete examples of the daily challenges of teaching and clear tactical strategies for faculty to consider is a welcome work. I will recommend this book to all my colleagues. —Catherine M. Casserly, senior partner, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching As you read about each of the seven basic learning principles in this book, you will find advice that is grounded in learning theory, based on research evidence, relevant to college teaching, and easy to understand. The authors have extensive knowledge and experience in applying the science of learning to college teaching, and they graciously share it with you in this organized and readable book. —From the Foreword by Richard E. Mayer, professor of psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara; coauthor, e-Learning and the Science of Instruction; and author, Multimedia Learning |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Mathematizing Allen C. Rosales, 2015-07-20 This proven, accessible approach to a curriculum presents a learner-centered approach to math education. Mathematizing provides both the emergent curriculum and professional development frameworks to help young children learn math throughout their everyday routine and to facilitate teachers' understanding of how to see and support children's math learning at every turn. With this book and its plentitude of case studies, illustrations, photographs, and documentation, the mathematizing adult can interpret children's interests and use that knowledge as a catalyst for creating meaningful and purposeful mathematical lessons and interactions. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Rousing Minds to Life Roland G. Tharp, Ronald Gallimore, 1991-03-29 Addressing widespread discontent with contemporary schooling, Roland Tharp and Ronald Gallimore develop a unified theory of education and offer a prescription: the reconstitution of schools as 'educating societies'. Drawing on studies from the family nursery through the university seminar, and on their own successful experiences with thousands of students over two decades, their theory is firmly based in a culture-sensitive devellopmental psychology but seeks to integrate all the recent work in the Vygotskian tradition with basic concepts in cognitive science, anthropology, and sociolinguistics. One of the authors' primary resources is the Kamehameha Elementary Education Program (KEEP), generally regarded as the world's outstanding research and development program for elementary schooling. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Strategies for Teaching Fractions David B. Spangler, 2011-08-17 Analyzing student work for error patterns (such as on a diagnostic test) and then providing timely, specific, and meaningful intervention will decrease the probability that the errors will be repeated in the future. Taking into account academic research on how students learn, Spangler provides a practical intervention model and specific hands-on materials for teachers to use when working with the many students who struggle with fractions. The step-by-step intervention strategies illustrated in this book will result in improved student performance and improved student dispositions towards mathematics. It will contain the following elements: reproducibles for fully functional diagnostic tests practice pages for exercises keyed to the diagnostic tests and error patterns, and pages to practice alternative algorithms and estimation teacher resources for hands-on activities, game sheets and pieces, and more--Provided by publisher. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Scaffolding Language, Scaffolding Learning Pauline Gibbons, 2015 The bestselling Scaffolding Language, Scaffolding Learning helped tens of thousands of mainstream elementary teachers ensure that their English language learners became full members of the school community with the language and content skills they needed for success. In the highly anticipated Second Edition, Pauline Gibbons updates her classic text with a multitude of practical ideas for the classroom, supported by the latest research in the field of ELL/ESL. With clear directions and classroom tested strategies for supporting students' academic progress, Gibbons shows how the teaching of language can be integrated seamlessly with the teaching of content, and how academic achievement can be boosted without sacrificing our own vision of education to the dictates of knee-jerk accountability. Rich examples of classroom discourse illustrate exactly how the scaffolding process works, while activities to facilitate conversation and higher-level thinking put the latest research on second language learning into action. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Empowering Mathematics Learners: Yearbook 2017, Association Of Mathematics Educators Berinderjeet Kaur, Ngan Hoe Lee, 2017-04-12 This book contributes towards the literature in the field of mathematics education, specifically on aspects of empowering learners of mathematics. The book, comprising eighteen chapters, written by renowned researchers in mathematics education, provides readers with approaches and applicable classroom strategies to empower learners of mathematics.The chapters in the book can be classified into four sections. The four sections focus on how learners could be empowered in their learning, cognitive and affective processes, through mathematical content, purposefully designed mathematical tasks, whilst developing 21st century competencies. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Matching Students to Opportunity Andrew P. Kelly, Jessica S. Howell, Carolyn Sattin-Bajaj, 2016 Matching Students to Opportunity expands on the discussion of a critical issue in college access and success: the match between prospective students and the colleges in which they enroll. The contributors to this volume argue that the discussion of college match must be broadened to include students at all levels of achievement--not just the most academically qualified--and must take into consideration dimensions other than academic selectivity, such as geography and price. Matching Students to Opportunity advances the current conversation on college access, match, and completion, and offers a valuable addition to public policy discussions on this timely and urgent topic. Matching Students to Opportunity widens the college match and fit conversation to be more inclusive and impactful. This volume challenges us to take a more global and comprehensive view of college match--a view that is critical if we want to make serious progress in improving educational attainment and increasing opportunity for all of our nation's students. --Nicole Hurd, founder and CEO, College Advising Corps This book is a powerful exploration of inadequate matching between students and colleges. It provides important insights to all parties in the college admissions process--students, counselors, college administrators, and policy makers. --Christopher Avery, Roy E. Larsen Professor of Public Policy and Management, Harvard Kennedy School Andrew P. Kelly is the director of the Center on Higher Education Reform and a resident scholar in education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute. Jessica S. Howell is the executive director of policy research at the College Board. Carolyn Sattin-Bajaj is an assistant professor in the Department of Education Leadership, Management, and Policy and a codirector of the Center for College Readiness at Seton Hall University. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Cognitive Task Analysis Jan Maarten Schraagen, Susan F. Chipman, Valerie L. Shalin, 2000-06-01 Cognitive task analysis is a broad area consisting of tools and techniques for describing the knowledge and strategies required for task performance. Cognitive task analysis has implications for the development of expert systems, training and instructional design, expert decision making and policymaking. It has been applied in a wide range of settings, with different purposes, for instance: specifying user requirements in system design or specifying training requirements in training needs analysis. The topics to be covered by this work include: general approaches to cognitive task analysis, system design, instruction, and cognitive task analysis for teams. The work settings to which the tools and techniques described in this work have been applied include: 911 dispatching, faultfinding on board naval ships, design aircraft, and various support systems. The editors' goal in this book is to present in a single source a comprehensive, in-depth introduction to the field of cognitive task analysis. They have attempted to include as many examples as possible in the book, making it highly suitable for those wishing to undertake a cognitive task analysis themselves. The book also contains a historical introduction to the field and an annotated bibliography, making it an excellent guide to additional resources. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Guided Math Workshop Laney Sammons, Donna Boucher, 2017-03-01 This must-have resource helps teachers successfully plan, organize, implement, and manage Guided Math Workshop. It provides practical strategies for structure and implementation to allow time for teachers to conduct small-group lessons and math conferences to target student needs. The tested resources and strategies for organization and management help to promote student independence and provide opportunities for ongoing practice of previously mastered concepts and skills. With sample workstations and mathematical tasks and problems for a variety of grade levels, this guide is sure to provide the information that teachers need to minimize preparation time and meet the needs of all students. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education Stephen Lerman, 2020-02-07 The Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education is a comprehensive reference text, covering every topic in the field with entries ranging from short descriptions to much longer pieces where the topic warrants more elaboration. The entries provide access to theories and to research in the area and refer to the leading publications for further reading. The Encyclopedia is aimed at graduate students, researchers, curriculum developers, policy makers, and others with interests in the field of mathematics education. It is planned to be 700 pages in length in its hard copy form but the text will subsequently be up-dated and developed on-line in a way that retains the integrity of the ideas, the responsibility for which will be in the hands of the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board. This second edition will include additional entries on: new ideas in the politics of mathematics education, working with minority students, mathematics and art, other cross-disciplinary studies, studies in emotions and mathematics, new frameworks for analysis of mathematics classrooms, and using simulations in mathematics teacher education. Existing entries will be revised and new entries written. Members of the international mathematics education research community will be invited to propose new entries. Editorial Board: Bharath Sriraman Melony Graven Yoshinori Shimizu Ruhama Even Michele Artigue Eva Jablonka Wish to Become an Author? Springer's Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education's first edition was published in 2014. The Encyclopedia is a living project and will continue to accept articles online as part of an eventual second edition. Articles will be peer-reviewed in a timely manner and, if found acceptable, will be immediately published online. Suggested articles are, of course, welcome. Feel encouraged to think about additional topics that we overlooked the first time around, and to suggest colleagues (including yourself!) who will want to write them. Interested new authors should contact the editor in chief, Stephen Lerman, at lermans@lsbu.ac.uk, for more specific instructions. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Guided Instruction Douglas Fisher, Nancy Frey, 2010-10-18 This book explains how teachers can use guided instruction-gradually transferring knowledge and the responsibility for learning to students through scaffolds for learning-to boost students to higher levels of understanding and accomplishment. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Teaching Students to Communicate Mathematically Laney Sammons, 2018-04-04 Students learning math are expected to do more than just solve problems; they must also be able to demonstrate their thinking and share their ideas, both orally and in writing. As many classroom teachers have discovered, these can be challenging tasks for students. The good news is, mathematical communication can be taught and mastered. In Teaching Students to Communicate Mathematically, Laney Sammons provides practical assistance for K–8 classroom teachers. Drawing on her vast knowledge and experience as a classroom teacher, she covers the basics of effective mathematical communication and offers specific strategies for teaching students how to speak and write about math. Sammons also presents useful suggestions for helping students incorporate correct vocabulary and appropriate representations when presenting their mathematical ideas. This must-have resource will help you help your students improve their understanding of and their skill and confidence in mathematical communication. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Experiencing School Mathematics Jo Boaler, 1997 This is the first book of its kind to provide direct evidence for the effectiveness of traditional and progressive teaching methods. It reports on careful and extensive case studies of two schools which taught mathematics in totally different ways. Three hundred students were followed over three years and the interviews that are reproduced in the book give compelling insights into what it meant to be a student in the classrooms of the two schools. The different school approaches are compared and analyzed using student interviews, lesson observations, questionnaires given to students and staff and a range of different assessments, including GCSE examinations. Questions are raised about the effectiveness of different teaching methods in preparing students for the demands of the 'real world' and the 21st century, the impact of setted and mixed ability teaching upon student attitude and achievement, and gender and learning styles. New evidence is provided for each of these issues. The book draws some radical new conclusions about the ways that traditional teaching methods lead to limited forms of knowledge that are ineffective in non-school settings. The book will be essential reading for math teachers, parents, and policy makers in education. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Scaffolding the Academic Success of Adolescent English Language Learners Aída Walqui, Leo Van Lier, 2010 This book is the result of a decade long effort in school districts such as New York City, Austin, and San Diego to implement challenging instruction that is designed for classrooms that include English learners and that raises the bar and increases engagement for all learners. Classroom vignettes, transcripts of student interactions, and detailed examples of intellectually engaging middle school and high school lessons provide a concrete picture of the instructional approach developed by coauthor Aida Walqui, founder and director of WestEd s Quality Teaching for English Learners (QTEL) initiative. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Body Language for Competent Teachers Chris Caswell, Sean Neill, 2003-09-02 Clearly illustrated, this book aims to show new teachers how to use gesture, posture, facial expression and tone of voice effectively to establish a good relationship with the classes that they teach. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Teaching for Biliteracy Karen Beeman, Cheryl Urow, 2013 The concept of bridging between languages is introduced to the biliteracy filed in this practical professional development guide for teachers, administrators, and leadership teams. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Making Sense of Mathematics for Teaching the Small Group Juli K. Dixon, Lisa A. Brooks, Melissa R. Carli, 2018-07-13 When done right, small-group instruction is a powerful tool for facilitating student understanding in K-5 mathematics. Throughout the book, best practices for small-group math instruction are addressed in detail, from planning tasks that encourage deep understanding to asking effective questions to engaging learners in meaningful conversations. Readers will learn how teaching mathematics in small groups allows you to differentiate instruction for both remediation and enrichment. The included small-group instruction videos demonstrate the suggested strategies in a real-classroom setting, giving readers the opportunity to see best practice in action. Develop math-specific instruction strategies for teaching small groups in elementary school: Explore the benefits of small-group math activities and how these activities are unique compared to large-group instruction. Discover the teacher's and students' roles in small-group instruction and how teachers can help students develop the skills to fulfill their role. Learn how to apply the general tasks, questions, and evidence (TQE) process to small-group instruction in order to enhance student learning and improve your knowledge of teaching mathematics. View examples of small-group instruction, which provide both math intervention and math enrichment activities for different students. Contents: Acknowledgments Table of Contents About the Authors Introduction Chapter 1: Best Practices in Small-Group Instruction Chapter 2: The TQE Process in Small-Group Instruction Chapter 3: Discourse in Small-Group Instruction Epilogue: How to Tie It All Together References Index |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Scaffolding Literacy Instruction Adrian Rodgers, Emily M. Rodgers, 2004 Grades K-4 Helping emerging readers and writers reach their full potential requires a delicate balance between teacher assistance and student independence. WithScaffolding Literacy Instructionyou can create that balance for every member of your classroom, gradually shifting the responsibility for learning to your students and creating confident learners in the process. Editors Adrian Rodgers and Emily Rodgers frameScaffolding Literacy Instruction, first giving you a valuable overview of guided instruction-the theory and scholarship behind it as well as its instructional goals-and then, in the final essay, anticipating its challenges and offering usable-on-Monday-morning tips for implementation. In between, wide-ranging essays from ten experts in the field, including Gay Su Pinnell and Irene C. Fountas, offer straight talk and well-researched ideas that scaffold lessons and strategies in support of: phonics instruction word solving partner reading working with special needs students building student identity. As Rodgers and Rodgers write, All scaffolding is teaching, but not all teaching is scaffolding. So whether you are a preservice teacher studying scaffolding in the literacy classroom, a novice looking for step-by-step ways to support students, or a veteran who wants to consider other case studies to see what might apply to your instructional setting,Scaffolding Literacy Instructionwill help you do it and help you do it better. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Speaking Mathematically David Pimm, 1987 This stimulating study focuses on mathematics as a language with its own rules and conventions and explores the implications of this for classroom practice. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Teaching Mathematics Meaningfully David H. Allsopp, David Allsopp (Ph. D.), Maggie M. Kyger, LouAnn H. Lovin, 2007 Making mathematics concepts understandable is a challenge for any teacher--a challenge that's more complex when a classroom includes students with learning difficulties. With this highly practical resource, educators will have just what they need to teach mathematics with confidence: research-based strategies that really work with students who have learning disabilities, ADHD, or mild cognitive disabilities. This urgently needed guidebook helps teachers Understand why students struggle.Teachers will discover how the common learning characteristics of students with learning difficulties create barriers to understanding mathematics. Review the Big Ideas. Are teachers focusing on the right things? A helpful primer on major NCTM-endorsed mathematical concepts and processes helps them be sure. Directly address students' learning barriers. With the lesson plans, practical strategies, photocopiable information-gathering forms, and online strategies in action, teachers will have concrete ways to help students grasp mathematical concepts, improve their proficiency, and generalize knowledge in multiple contexts. Check their own strengths and needs. Educators will reflect critically on their current practices with a thought-provoking questionnaire. With this timely book--filled with invaluable ideas and strategies adaptable for grades K-12--educators will know just what to teach and how to teach it to students with learning difficulties. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Mathematics Framework for California Public Schools California. Curriculum Development and Supplemental Materials Commission, 1999 |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology David Jonassen, Michael J. Spector, Marcy Driscoll, M. David Merrill, Jeroen van Merrienboer, Marcy P. Driscoll, 2008-09-25 First Published in 2008. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Differentiating Math Instruction, K-8 William N. Bender, 2013-09-11 Real-time strategies for real-life results! Are you struggling to balance your students’ learning needs with their learning styles? William Bender’s new edition of this teacher favorite is like no other. His is the only book that takes differentiated math instruction well into the twenty-first century, successfully blending the best of what technology has to offer with guidelines for meeting the objectives set forth by the Common Core. Every innovation in math instruction is addressed: Flipping math instruction Project-based learning Using Khan Academy in the classroom Educational gaming Teaching for deeper conceptual understanding |
| examples of scaffolding in math: Mathematics Assessment for Learning Ann Downton, Rose Knight, Doug Clarke, Gerard Lewis, 2013 Provides a range of rich assessment tasks in mathematics, for years Prep to 8, in number, space, and measurment, chance and data; samples of real student's work, across a broad range of grade levels and performances; and general and specific scoring rubrics. |
Examples - Apache ECharts
Apache ECharts，一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Apache ECharts
ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文、技术报告、新闻报告、教育、专利以及其他相关活动中使用了 …
Events - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Apache ECharts，一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Examples - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
Apache ECharts
ECharts: A Declarative Framework for Rapid Construction of Web-based Visualization. 如果您在科研项目、产品、学术论文、技术报告、新闻报告、教育、专利以及其他相关活动中使用了 …
Events - Apache ECharts
Examples; Resources. Spread Sheet Tool; Theme Builder; Cheat Sheet; More Resources; Community. Events; Committers; Mailing List; How to Contribute; Dependencies; Code …
