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| exploratory data analysis example: Secondary Analysis of Electronic Health Records MIT Critical Data, 2016-09-09 This book trains the next generation of scientists representing different disciplines to leverage the data generated during routine patient care. It formulates a more complete lexicon of evidence-based recommendations and support shared, ethical decision making by doctors with their patients. Diagnostic and therapeutic technologies continue to evolve rapidly, and both individual practitioners and clinical teams face increasingly complex ethical decisions. Unfortunately, the current state of medical knowledge does not provide the guidance to make the majority of clinical decisions on the basis of evidence. The present research infrastructure is inefficient and frequently produces unreliable results that cannot be replicated. Even randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the traditional gold standards of the research reliability hierarchy, are not without limitations. They can be costly, labor intensive, and slow, and can return results that are seldom generalizable to every patient population. Furthermore, many pertinent but unresolved clinical and medical systems issues do not seem to have attracted the interest of the research enterprise, which has come to focus instead on cellular and molecular investigations and single-agent (e.g., a drug or device) effects. For clinicians, the end result is a bit of a “data desert” when it comes to making decisions. The new research infrastructure proposed in this book will help the medical profession to make ethically sound and well informed decisions for their patients. |
| exploratory data analysis example: R for Data Science Hadley Wickham, Garrett Grolemund, 2016-12-12 Learn how to use R to turn raw data into insight, knowledge, and understanding. This book introduces you to R, RStudio, and the tidyverse, a collection of R packages designed to work together to make data science fast, fluent, and fun. Suitable for readers with no previous programming experience, R for Data Science is designed to get you doing data science as quickly as possible. Authors Hadley Wickham and Garrett Grolemund guide you through the steps of importing, wrangling, exploring, and modeling your data and communicating the results. You'll get a complete, big-picture understanding of the data science cycle, along with basic tools you need to manage the details. Each section of the book is paired with exercises to help you practice what you've learned along the way. You'll learn how to: Wrangle—transform your datasets into a form convenient for analysis Program—learn powerful R tools for solving data problems with greater clarity and ease Explore—examine your data, generate hypotheses, and quickly test them Model—provide a low-dimensional summary that captures true signals in your dataset Communicate—learn R Markdown for integrating prose, code, and results |
| exploratory data analysis example: Practical Statistics for Data Scientists Peter Bruce, Andrew Bruce, 2017-05-10 Statistical methods are a key part of of data science, yet very few data scientists have any formal statistics training. Courses and books on basic statistics rarely cover the topic from a data science perspective. This practical guide explains how to apply various statistical methods to data science, tells you how to avoid their misuse, and gives you advice on what's important and what's not. Many data science resources incorporate statistical methods but lack a deeper statistical perspective. If you’re familiar with the R programming language, and have some exposure to statistics, this quick reference bridges the gap in an accessible, readable format. With this book, you’ll learn: Why exploratory data analysis is a key preliminary step in data science How random sampling can reduce bias and yield a higher quality dataset, even with big data How the principles of experimental design yield definitive answers to questions How to use regression to estimate outcomes and detect anomalies Key classification techniques for predicting which categories a record belongs to Statistical machine learning methods that “learn” from data Unsupervised learning methods for extracting meaning from unlabeled data |
| exploratory data analysis example: Hands-On Exploratory Data Analysis with Python Suresh Kumar Mukhiya, Usman Ahmed, 2020-03-27 Discover techniques to summarize the characteristics of your data using PyPlot, NumPy, SciPy, and pandas Key FeaturesUnderstand the fundamental concepts of exploratory data analysis using PythonFind missing values in your data and identify the correlation between different variablesPractice graphical exploratory analysis techniques using Matplotlib and the Seaborn Python packageBook Description Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is an approach to data analysis that involves the application of diverse techniques to gain insights into a dataset. This book will help you gain practical knowledge of the main pillars of EDA - data cleaning, data preparation, data exploration, and data visualization. You’ll start by performing EDA using open source datasets and perform simple to advanced analyses to turn data into meaningful insights. You’ll then learn various descriptive statistical techniques to describe the basic characteristics of data and progress to performing EDA on time-series data. As you advance, you’ll learn how to implement EDA techniques for model development and evaluation and build predictive models to visualize results. Using Python for data analysis, you’ll work with real-world datasets, understand data, summarize its characteristics, and visualize it for business intelligence. By the end of this EDA book, you’ll have developed the skills required to carry out a preliminary investigation on any dataset, yield insights into data, present your results with visual aids, and build a model that correctly predicts future outcomes. What you will learnImport, clean, and explore data to perform preliminary analysis using powerful Python packagesIdentify and transform erroneous data using different data wrangling techniquesExplore the use of multiple regression to describe non-linear relationshipsDiscover hypothesis testing and explore techniques of time-series analysisUnderstand and interpret results obtained from graphical analysisBuild, train, and optimize predictive models to estimate resultsPerform complex EDA techniques on open source datasetsWho this book is for This EDA book is for anyone interested in data analysis, especially students, statisticians, data analysts, and data scientists. The practical concepts presented in this book can be applied in various disciplines to enhance decision-making processes with data analysis and synthesis. Fundamental knowledge of Python programming and statistical concepts is all you need to get started with this book. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Data Analysis John Wilder Tukey, 1970 |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Data Analysis Frederick Hartwig, Brian E. Dearing, 1979 An introduction to the underlying principles, central concepts, and basic techniques for conducting and understanding exploratory data analysis - with numerous social science examples. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Storytelling with Data Cole Nussbaumer Knaflic, 2015-10-09 Don't simply show your data—tell a story with it! Storytelling with Data teaches you the fundamentals of data visualization and how to communicate effectively with data. You'll discover the power of storytelling and the way to make data a pivotal point in your story. The lessons in this illuminative text are grounded in theory, but made accessible through numerous real-world examples—ready for immediate application to your next graph or presentation. Storytelling is not an inherent skill, especially when it comes to data visualization, and the tools at our disposal don't make it any easier. This book demonstrates how to go beyond conventional tools to reach the root of your data, and how to use your data to create an engaging, informative, compelling story. Specifically, you'll learn how to: Understand the importance of context and audience Determine the appropriate type of graph for your situation Recognize and eliminate the clutter clouding your information Direct your audience's attention to the most important parts of your data Think like a designer and utilize concepts of design in data visualization Leverage the power of storytelling to help your message resonate with your audience Together, the lessons in this book will help you turn your data into high impact visual stories that stick with your audience. Rid your world of ineffective graphs, one exploding 3D pie chart at a time. There is a story in your data—Storytelling with Data will give you the skills and power to tell it! |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Multivariate Analysis by Example Using R Francois Husson, Sebastien Le, Jérôme Pagès, 2017-04-25 Full of real-world case studies and practical advice, Exploratory Multivariate Analysis by Example Using R, Second Edition focuses on four fundamental methods of multivariate exploratory data analysis that are most suitable for applications. It covers principal component analysis (PCA) when variables are quantitative, correspondence analysis (CA) a |
| exploratory data analysis example: Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences B. S. Daya Sagar, Qiuming Cheng, Jennifer McKinley, Frits Agterberg, 2023-07-13 The Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences is a complete and authoritative reference work. It provides concise explanation on each term that is related to Mathematical Geosciences. Over 300 international scientists, each expert in their specialties, have written around 350 separate articles on different topics of mathematical geosciences including contributions on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Compositional Data Analysis, Geomathematics, Geostatistics, Geographical Information Science, Mathematical Morphology, Mathematical Petrology, Multifractals, Multiple Point Statistics, Spatial Data Science, Spatial Statistics, and Stochastic Process Modeling. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and author indices are comprehensive and extensive. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Data Analysis with MATLAB Wendy L. Martinez, Angel R. Martinez, Jeffrey Solka, 2017-08-07 Praise for the Second Edition: The authors present an intuitive and easy-to-read book. ... accompanied by many examples, proposed exercises, good references, and comprehensive appendices that initiate the reader unfamiliar with MATLAB. —Adolfo Alvarez Pinto, International Statistical Review Practitioners of EDA who use MATLAB will want a copy of this book. ... The authors have done a great service by bringing together so many EDA routines, but their main accomplishment in this dynamic text is providing the understanding and tools to do EDA. —David A Huckaby, MAA Reviews Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is an important part of the data analysis process. The methods presented in this text are ones that should be in the toolkit of every data scientist. As computational sophistication has increased and data sets have grown in size and complexity, EDA has become an even more important process for visualizing and summarizing data before making assumptions to generate hypotheses and models. Exploratory Data Analysis with MATLAB, Third Edition presents EDA methods from a computational perspective and uses numerous examples and applications to show how the methods are used in practice. The authors use MATLAB code, pseudo-code, and algorithm descriptions to illustrate the concepts. The MATLAB code for examples, data sets, and the EDA Toolbox are available for download on the book’s website. New to the Third Edition Random projections and estimating local intrinsic dimensionality Deep learning autoencoders and stochastic neighbor embedding Minimum spanning tree and additional cluster validity indices Kernel density estimation Plots for visualizing data distributions, such as beanplots and violin plots A chapter on visualizing categorical data |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Data Analysis Walteburg Et Al, Eric Waltenburg, Sara Wiest, William Mclauchlan, 2012-08-30 eBook Version You will receive access to this electronic text via email after using the shopping cart above to complete your purchase. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Hands-On Exploratory Data Analysis with R Radhika Datar, Harish Garg, 2019-05-31 Learn exploratory data analysis concepts using powerful R packages to enhance your R data analysis skills Key FeaturesSpeed up your data analysis projects using powerful R packages and techniquesCreate multiple hands-on data analysis projects using real-world dataDiscover and practice graphical exploratory analysis techniques across domainsBook Description Hands-On Exploratory Data Analysis with R will help you build not just a foundation but also expertise in the elementary ways to analyze data. You will learn how to understand your data and summarize its main characteristics. You'll also uncover the structure of your data, and you'll learn graphical and numerical techniques using the R language. This book covers the entire exploratory data analysis (EDA) process—data collection, generating statistics, distribution, and invalidating the hypothesis. As you progress through the book, you will learn how to set up a data analysis environment with tools such as ggplot2, knitr, and R Markdown, using tools such as DOE Scatter Plot and SML2010 for multifactor, optimization, and regression data problems. By the end of this book, you will be able to successfully carry out a preliminary investigation on any dataset, identify hidden insights, and present your results in a business context. What you will learnLearn powerful R techniques to speed up your data analysis projectsImport, clean, and explore data using powerful R packagesPractice graphical exploratory analysis techniquesCreate informative data analysis reports using ggplot2Identify and clean missing and erroneous dataExplore data analysis techniques to analyze multi-factor datasetsWho this book is for Hands-On Exploratory Data Analysis with R is for data enthusiasts who want to build a strong foundation for data analysis. If you are a data analyst, data engineer, software engineer, or product manager, this book will sharpen your skills in the complete workflow of exploratory data analysis. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Data Analysis Using Fisher Information Roy Frieden, Robert A. Gatenby, 2010-05-27 This book uses a mathematical approach to deriving the laws of science and technology, based upon the concept of Fisher information. The approach that follows from these ideas is called the principle of Extreme Physical Information (EPI). The authors show how to use EPI to determine the theoretical input/output laws of unknown systems. Will benefit readers whose math skill is at the level of an undergraduate science or engineering degree. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Modern Statistics with R Måns Thulin, 2024 The past decades have transformed the world of statistical data analysis, with new methods, new types of data, and new computational tools. Modern Statistics with R introduces you to key parts of this modern statistical toolkit. It teaches you: Data wrangling - importing, formatting, reshaping, merging, and filtering data in R. Exploratory data analysis - using visualisations and multivariate techniques to explore datasets. Statistical inference - modern methods for testing hypotheses and computing confidence intervals. Predictive modelling - regression models and machine learning methods for prediction, classification, and forecasting. Simulation - using simulation techniques for sample size computations and evaluations of statistical methods. Ethics in statistics - ethical issues and good statistical practice. R programming - writing code that is fast, readable, and (hopefully!) free from bugs. No prior programming experience is necessary. Clear explanations and examples are provided to accommodate readers at all levels of familiarity with statistical principles and coding practices. A basic understanding of probability theory can enhance comprehension of certain concepts discussed within this book. In addition to plenty of examples, the book includes more than 200 exercises, with fully worked solutions available at: www.modernstatisticswithr.com. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments Samuel M. Scheiner, Jessica Gurevitch, 2001-04-26 Ecological research and the way that ecologists use statistics continues to change rapidly. This second edition of the best-selling Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments leads these trends with an update of this now-standard reference book, with a discussion of the latest developments in experimental ecology and statistical practice. The goal of this volume is to encourage the correct use of some of the more well known statistical techniques and to make some of the less well known but potentially very useful techniques available. Chapters from the first edition have been substantially revised and new chapters have been added. Readers are introduced to statistical techniques that may be unfamiliar to many ecologists, including power analysis, logistic regression, randomization tests and empirical Bayesian analysis. In addition, a strong foundation is laid in more established statistical techniques in ecology including exploratory data analysis, spatial statistics, path analysis and meta-analysis. Each technique is presented in the context of resolving an ecological issue. Anyone from graduate students to established research ecologists will find a great deal of new practical and useful information in this current edition. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Think Stats Allen B. Downey, 2014-10-16 If you know how to program, you have the skills to turn data into knowledge, using tools of probability and statistics. This concise introduction shows you how to perform statistical analysis computationally, rather than mathematically, with programs written in Python. By working with a single case study throughout this thoroughly revised book, you’ll learn the entire process of exploratory data analysis—from collecting data and generating statistics to identifying patterns and testing hypotheses. You’ll explore distributions, rules of probability, visualization, and many other tools and concepts. New chapters on regression, time series analysis, survival analysis, and analytic methods will enrich your discoveries. Develop an understanding of probability and statistics by writing and testing code Run experiments to test statistical behavior, such as generating samples from several distributions Use simulations to understand concepts that are hard to grasp mathematically Import data from most sources with Python, rather than rely on data that’s cleaned and formatted for statistics tools Use statistical inference to answer questions about real-world data |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Data Natalia Andrienko, Gennady Andrienko, 2006-03-28 Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is about detecting and describing patterns, trends, and relations in data, motivated by certain purposes of investigation. As something relevant is detected in data, new questions arise, causing specific parts to be viewed in more detail. So EDA has a significant appeal: it involves hypothesis generation rather than mere hypothesis testing. The authors describe in detail and systemize approaches, techniques, and methods for exploring spatial and temporal data in particular. They start by developing a general view of data structures and characteristics and then build on top of this a general task typology, distinguishing between elementary and synoptic tasks. This typology is then applied to the description of existing approaches and technologies, resulting not just in recommendations for choosing methods but in a set of generic procedures for data exploration. Professionals practicing analysis will profit from tested solutions – illustrated in many examples – for reuse in the catalogue of techniques presented. Students and researchers will appreciate the detailed description and classification of exploration techniques, which are not limited to spatial data only. In addition, the general principles and approaches described will be useful for designers of new methods for EDA. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Making Sense of Data Glenn J. Myatt, 2007-02-26 A practical, step-by-step approach to making sense out of data Making Sense of Data educates readers on the steps and issues that need to be considered in order to successfully complete a data analysis or data mining project. The author provides clear explanations that guide the reader to make timely and accurate decisions from data in almost every field of study. A step-by-step approach aids professionals in carefully analyzing data and implementing results, leading to the development of smarter business decisions. With a comprehensive collection of methods from both data analysis and data mining disciplines, this book successfully describes the issues that need to be considered, the steps that need to be taken, and appropriately treats technical topics to accomplish effective decision making from data. Readers are given a solid foundation in the procedures associated with complex data analysis or data mining projects and are provided with concrete discussions of the most universal tasks and technical solutions related to the analysis of data, including: * Problem definitions * Data preparation * Data visualization * Data mining * Statistics * Grouping methods * Predictive modeling * Deployment issues and applications Throughout the book, the author examines why these multiple approaches are needed and how these methods will solve different problems. Processes, along with methods, are carefully and meticulously outlined for use in any data analysis or data mining project. From summarizing and interpreting data, to identifying non-trivial facts, patterns, and relationships in the data, to making predictions from the data, Making Sense of Data addresses the many issues that need to be considered as well as the steps that need to be taken to master data analysis and mining. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Data Analysis for the Life Sciences with R Rafael A. Irizarry, Michael I. Love, 2016-10-04 This book covers several of the statistical concepts and data analytic skills needed to succeed in data-driven life science research. The authors proceed from relatively basic concepts related to computed p-values to advanced topics related to analyzing highthroughput data. They include the R code that performs this analysis and connect the lines of code to the statistical and mathematical concepts explained. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Translating Statistics to Make Decisions Victoria Cox, 2017-03-10 Examine and solve the common misconceptions and fallacies that non-statisticians bring to their interpretation of statistical results. Explore the many pitfalls that non-statisticians—and also statisticians who present statistical reports to non-statisticians—must avoid if statistical results are to be correctly used for evidence-based business decision making. Victoria Cox, senior statistician at the United Kingdom’s Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), distills the lessons of her long experience presenting the actionable results of complex statistical studies to users of widely varying statistical sophistication across many disciplines: from scientists, engineers, analysts, and information technologists to executives, military personnel, project managers, and officials across UK government departments, industry, academia, and international partners. The author shows how faulty statistical reasoning often undermines the utility of statistical results even among those with advanced technical training. Translating Statistics teaches statistically naive readers enough about statistical questions, methods, models, assumptions, and statements that they will be able to extract the practical message from statistical reports and better constrain what conclusions cannot be made from the results. To non-statisticians with some statistical training, this book offers brush-ups, reminders, and tips for the proper use of statistics and solutions to common errors. To fellow statisticians, the author demonstrates how to present statistical output to non-statisticians to ensure that the statistical results are correctly understood and properly applied to real-world tasks and decisions. The book avoids algebra and proofs, but it does supply code written in R for those readers who are motivated to work out examples. Pointing along the way to instructive examples of statistics gone awry, Translating Statistics walks readers through the typical course of a statistical study, progressing from the experimental design stage through the data collection process, exploratory data analysis, descriptive statistics, uncertainty, hypothesis testing, statistical modelling and multivariate methods, to graphs suitable for final presentation. The steady focus throughout the book is on how to turn the mathematical artefacts and specialist jargon that are second nature to statisticians into plain English for corporate customers and stakeholders. The final chapter neatly summarizes the book’s lessons and insights for accurately communicating statistical reports to the non-statisticians who commission and act on them. What You'll Learn Recognize and avoid common errors and misconceptions that cause statistical studies to be misinterpreted and misused by non-statisticians in organizational settings Gain a practical understanding of the methods, processes, capabilities, and caveats of statistical studies to improve the application of statistical data to business decisions See how to code statistical solutions in R Who This Book Is For Non-statisticians—including both those with and without an introductory statistics course under their belts—who consume statistical reports in organizational settings, and statisticians who seek guidance for reporting statistical studies to non-statisticians in ways that will be accurately understood and will inform sound business and technical decisions |
| exploratory data analysis example: Computational Genomics with R Altuna Akalin, 2020-12-16 Computational Genomics with R provides a starting point for beginners in genomic data analysis and also guides more advanced practitioners to sophisticated data analysis techniques in genomics. The book covers topics from R programming, to machine learning and statistics, to the latest genomic data analysis techniques. The text provides accessible information and explanations, always with the genomics context in the background. This also contains practical and well-documented examples in R so readers can analyze their data by simply reusing the code presented. As the field of computational genomics is interdisciplinary, it requires different starting points for people with different backgrounds. For example, a biologist might skip sections on basic genome biology and start with R programming, whereas a computer scientist might want to start with genome biology. After reading: You will have the basics of R and be able to dive right into specialized uses of R for computational genomics such as using Bioconductor packages. You will be familiar with statistics, supervised and unsupervised learning techniques that are important in data modeling, and exploratory analysis of high-dimensional data. You will understand genomic intervals and operations on them that are used for tasks such as aligned read counting and genomic feature annotation. You will know the basics of processing and quality checking high-throughput sequencing data. You will be able to do sequence analysis, such as calculating GC content for parts of a genome or finding transcription factor binding sites. You will know about visualization techniques used in genomics, such as heatmaps, meta-gene plots, and genomic track visualization. You will be familiar with analysis of different high-throughput sequencing data sets, such as RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and BS-seq. You will know basic techniques for integrating and interpreting multi-omics datasets. Altuna Akalin is a group leader and head of the Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform at the Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin. He has been developing computational methods for analyzing and integrating large-scale genomics data sets since 2002. He has published an extensive body of work in this area. The framework for this book grew out of the yearly computational genomics courses he has been organizing and teaching since 2015. |
| exploratory data analysis example: IPython Interactive Computing and Visualization Cookbook Cyrille Rossant, 2014-09-25 Intended to anyone interested in numerical computing and data science: students, researchers, teachers, engineers, analysts, hobbyists... Basic knowledge of Python/NumPy is recommended. Some skills in mathematics will help you understand the theory behind the computational methods. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Data Analysis in Business and Economics Thomas Cleff, 2013-11-12 In a world in which we are constantly surrounded by data, figures, and statistics, it is imperative to understand and to be able to use quantitative methods. Statistical models and methods are among the most important tools in economic analysis, decision-making and business planning. This textbook, “Exploratory Data Analysis in Business and Economics”, aims to familiarise students of economics and business as well as practitioners in firms with the basic principles, techniques, and applications of descriptive statistics and data analysis. Drawing on practical examples from business settings, it demonstrates the basic descriptive methods of univariate and bivariate analysis. The textbook covers a range of subject matter, from data collection and scaling to the presentation and univariate analysis of quantitative data, and also includes analytic procedures for assessing bivariate relationships. It does not confine itself to presenting descriptive statistics, but also addresses the use of computer programmes such as Excel, SPSS, and STATA, thus treating all of the topics typically covered in a university course on descriptive statistics. The German edition of this textbook is one of the “bestsellers” on the German market for literature in statistics. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Graphical Data Analysis with R Antony Unwin, 2015-03-25 See How Graphics Reveal Information Graphical Data Analysis with R shows you what information you can gain from graphical displays. The book focuses on why you draw graphics to display data and which graphics to draw (and uses R to do so). All the datasets are available in R or one of its packages and the R code is available at rosuda.org/GDA. Graphical data analysis is useful for data cleaning, exploring data structure, detecting outliers and unusual groups, identifying trends and clusters, spotting local patterns, evaluating modelling output, and presenting results. This book guides you in choosing graphics and understanding what information you can glean from them. It can be used as a primary text in a graphical data analysis course or as a supplement in a statistics course. Colour graphics are used throughout. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Data Analysis for Business, Economics, and Policy Gábor Békés, Gábor Kézdi, 2021-05-06 A comprehensive textbook on data analysis for business, applied economics and public policy that uses case studies with real-world data. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Explanatory Model Analysis Przemyslaw Biecek, Tomasz Burzykowski, 2021-02-15 Explanatory Model Analysis Explore, Explain and Examine Predictive Models is a set of methods and tools designed to build better predictive models and to monitor their behaviour in a changing environment. Today, the true bottleneck in predictive modelling is neither the lack of data, nor the lack of computational power, nor inadequate algorithms, nor the lack of flexible models. It is the lack of tools for model exploration (extraction of relationships learned by the model), model explanation (understanding the key factors influencing model decisions) and model examination (identification of model weaknesses and evaluation of model's performance). This book presents a collection of model agnostic methods that may be used for any black-box model together with real-world applications to classification and regression problems. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Numerical Ecology with R Daniel Borcard, François Gillet, Pierre Legendre, 2018-03-19 This new edition of Numerical Ecology with R guides readers through an applied exploration of the major methods of multivariate data analysis, as seen through the eyes of three ecologists. It provides a bridge between a textbook of numerical ecology and the implementation of this discipline in the R language. The book begins by examining some exploratory approaches. It proceeds logically with the construction of the key building blocks of most methods, i.e. association measures and matrices, and then submits example data to three families of approaches: clustering, ordination and canonical ordination. The last two chapters make use of these methods to explore important and contemporary issues in ecology: the analysis of spatial structures and of community diversity. The aims of methods thus range from descriptive to explanatory and predictive and encompass a wide variety of approaches that should provide readers with an extensive toolbox that can address a wide palette of questions arising in contemporary multivariate ecological analysis. The second edition of this book features a complete revision to the R code and offers improved procedures and more diverse applications of the major methods. It also highlights important changes in the methods and expands upon topics such as multiple correspondence analysis, principal response curves and co-correspondence analysis. New features include the study of relationships between species traits and the environment, and community diversity analysis. This book is aimed at professional researchers, practitioners, graduate students and teachers in ecology, environmental science and engineering, and in related fields such as oceanography, molecular ecology, agriculture and soil science, who already have a background in general and multivariate statistics and wish to apply this knowledge to their data using the R language, as well as people willing to accompany their disciplinary learning with practical applications. People from other fields (e.g. geology, geography, paleoecology, phylogenetics, anthropology, the social and education sciences, etc.) may also benefit from the materials presented in this book. Users are invited to use this book as a teaching companion at the computer. All the necessary data files, the scripts used in the chapters, as well as extra R functions and packages written by the authors of the book, are available online (URL: http://adn.biol.umontreal.ca/~numericalecology/numecolR/). |
| exploratory data analysis example: Development Research in Practice Kristoffer Bjärkefur, Luíza Cardoso de Andrade, Benjamin Daniels, Maria Ruth Jones, 2021-07-16 Development Research in Practice leads the reader through a complete empirical research project, providing links to continuously updated resources on the DIME Wiki as well as illustrative examples from the Demand for Safe Spaces study. The handbook is intended to train users of development data how to handle data effectively, efficiently, and ethically. “In the DIME Analytics Data Handbook, the DIME team has produced an extraordinary public good: a detailed, comprehensive, yet easy-to-read manual for how to manage a data-oriented research project from beginning to end. It offers everything from big-picture guidance on the determinants of high-quality empirical research, to specific practical guidance on how to implement specific workflows—and includes computer code! I think it will prove durably useful to a broad range of researchers in international development and beyond, and I learned new practices that I plan on adopting in my own research group.†? —Marshall Burke, Associate Professor, Department of Earth System Science, and Deputy Director, Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University “Data are the essential ingredient in any research or evaluation project, yet there has been too little attention to standardized practices to ensure high-quality data collection, handling, documentation, and exchange. Development Research in Practice: The DIME Analytics Data Handbook seeks to fill that gap with practical guidance and tools, grounded in ethics and efficiency, for data management at every stage in a research project. This excellent resource sets a new standard for the field and is an essential reference for all empirical researchers.†? —Ruth E. Levine, PhD, CEO, IDinsight “Development Research in Practice: The DIME Analytics Data Handbook is an important resource and a must-read for all development economists, empirical social scientists, and public policy analysts. Based on decades of pioneering work at the World Bank on data collection, measurement, and analysis, the handbook provides valuable tools to allow research teams to more efficiently and transparently manage their work flows—yielding more credible analytical conclusions as a result.†? —Edward Miguel, Oxfam Professor in Environmental and Resource Economics and Faculty Director of the Center for Effective Global Action, University of California, Berkeley “The DIME Analytics Data Handbook is a must-read for any data-driven researcher looking to create credible research outcomes and policy advice. By meticulously describing detailed steps, from project planning via ethical and responsible code and data practices to the publication of research papers and associated replication packages, the DIME handbook makes the complexities of transparent and credible research easier.†? —Lars Vilhuber, Data Editor, American Economic Association, and Executive Director, Labor Dynamics Institute, Cornell University |
| exploratory data analysis example: Applications, Basics, and Computing of Exploratory Data Analysis Paul F. Velleman, David Caster Hoaglin, 1981 Stem-and-left displays; Letter-value displays; Boxplots; x-y plotting; Resistant line; Smoothing data; Coded tables; Median polish; Rootograms; Computer graphics; Utility programs; Programming conventions; Minitab implementation; Appendices; Index. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Multivariate Exploratory Data Analysis Allen Yates, 1988-04-07 In an exciting return to the roots of factor analysis, Allen Yates reviews its early history to clarify original objectives created by its discoverers and early developers. He then shows how computers can be used to accomplish the goals established by these early visionaries, while taking into account modern developments in the field of statistics that legitimize exploratory data analysis as a technique of discovery. The book presents a unique perspective on all phases of exploratory factor analysis. In doing so, the popular objectives of the method are literally turned upside down both at the stage where the model is being fitted to data and in the subsequent stage of simple structure transformation for meaningful interpretation. What results is a fully integrated approach to exploratory analysis of associations among observed variables, revealing underlying structure in a totally new and much more invariant manner than ever before possible. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Data Mining and Data Cleaning Tamraparni Dasu, Theodore Johnson, 2003-08-01 Written for practitioners of data mining, data cleaning and database management. Presents a technical treatment of data quality including process, metrics, tools and algorithms. Focuses on developing an evolving modeling strategy through an iterative data exploration loop and incorporation of domain knowledge. Addresses methods of detecting, quantifying and correcting data quality issues that can have a significant impact on findings and decisions, using commercially available tools as well as new algorithmic approaches. Uses case studies to illustrate applications in real life scenarios. Highlights new approaches and methodologies, such as the DataSphere space partitioning and summary based analysis techniques. Exploratory Data Mining and Data Cleaning will serve as an important reference for serious data analysts who need to analyze large amounts of unfamiliar data, managers of operations databases, and students in undergraduate or graduate level courses dealing with large scale data analys is and data mining. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Exploratory Data Analysis Frederick Hartwig, Brian E. Dearing, 1979-11 An introduction to the underlying principles, central concepts, and basic techniques for conducting and understanding exploratory data analysis -- with numerous social science examples. |
| exploratory data analysis example: The Art of Data Science Roger D. Peng, Elizabeth Matsui, 2016-06-08 This book describes the process of analyzing data. The authors have extensive experience both managing data analysts and conducting their own data analyses, and this book is a distillation of their experience in a format that is applicable to both practitioners and managers in data science.--Leanpub.com. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Introduction to Data Science Rafael A. Irizarry, 2019-11-20 Introduction to Data Science: Data Analysis and Prediction Algorithms with R introduces concepts and skills that can help you tackle real-world data analysis challenges. It covers concepts from probability, statistical inference, linear regression, and machine learning. It also helps you develop skills such as R programming, data wrangling, data visualization, predictive algorithm building, file organization with UNIX/Linux shell, version control with Git and GitHub, and reproducible document preparation. This book is a textbook for a first course in data science. No previous knowledge of R is necessary, although some experience with programming may be helpful. The book is divided into six parts: R, data visualization, statistics with R, data wrangling, machine learning, and productivity tools. Each part has several chapters meant to be presented as one lecture. The author uses motivating case studies that realistically mimic a data scientist’s experience. He starts by asking specific questions and answers these through data analysis so concepts are learned as a means to answering the questions. Examples of the case studies included are: US murder rates by state, self-reported student heights, trends in world health and economics, the impact of vaccines on infectious disease rates, the financial crisis of 2007-2008, election forecasting, building a baseball team, image processing of hand-written digits, and movie recommendation systems. The statistical concepts used to answer the case study questions are only briefly introduced, so complementing with a probability and statistics textbook is highly recommended for in-depth understanding of these concepts. If you read and understand the chapters and complete the exercises, you will be prepared to learn the more advanced concepts and skills needed to become an expert. |
| exploratory data analysis example: ggplot2 Hadley Wickham, 2009-10-03 Provides both rich theory and powerful applications Figures are accompanied by code required to produce them Full color figures |
| exploratory data analysis example: Data Science Live Book Pablo Casas, 2018-03-16 This book is a practical guide to problems that commonly arise when developing a machine learning project. The book's topics are: Exploratory data analysis Data Preparation Selecting best variables Assessing Model Performance More information on predictive modeling will be included soon. This book tries to demonstrate what it says with short and well-explained examples. This is valid for both theoretical and practical aspects (through comments in the code). This book, as well as the development of a data project, is not linear. The chapters are related among them. For example, the missing values chapter can lead to the cardinality reduction in categorical variables. Or you can read the data type chapter and then change the way you deal with missing values. You¿ll find references to other websites so you can expand your study, this book is just another step in the learning journey. It's open-source and can be found at http://livebook.datascienceheroes.com |
| exploratory data analysis example: A General Introduction to Data Analytics João Moreira, Andre Carvalho, Tomás Horvath, 2018-07-18 A guide to the principles and methods of data analysis that does not require knowledge of statistics or programming A General Introduction to Data Analytics is an essential guide to understand and use data analytics. This book is written using easy-to-understand terms and does not require familiarity with statistics or programming. The authors—noted experts in the field—highlight an explanation of the intuition behind the basic data analytics techniques. The text also contains exercises and illustrative examples. Thought to be easily accessible to non-experts, the book provides motivation to the necessity of analyzing data. It explains how to visualize and summarize data, and how to find natural groups and frequent patterns in a dataset. The book also explores predictive tasks, be them classification or regression. Finally, the book discusses popular data analytic applications, like mining the web, information retrieval, social network analysis, working with text, and recommender systems. The learning resources offer: A guide to the reasoning behind data mining techniques A unique illustrative example that extends throughout all the chapters Exercises at the end of each chapter and larger projects at the end of each of the text’s two main parts Together with these learning resources, the book can be used in a 13-week course guide, one chapter per course topic. The book was written in a format that allows the understanding of the main data analytics concepts by non-mathematicians, non-statisticians and non-computer scientists interested in getting an introduction to data science. A General Introduction to Data Analytics is a basic guide to data analytics written in highly accessible terms. |
| exploratory data analysis example: Humanities Data Analysis Folgert Karsdorp, Mike Kestemont, Allen Riddell, 2021-01-12 A practical guide to data-intensive humanities research using the Python programming language The use of quantitative methods in the humanities and related social sciences has increased considerably in recent years, allowing researchers to discover patterns in a vast range of source materials. Despite this growth, there are few resources addressed to students and scholars who wish to take advantage of these powerful tools. Humanities Data Analysis offers the first intermediate-level guide to quantitative data analysis for humanities students and scholars using the Python programming language. This practical textbook, which assumes a basic knowledge of Python, teaches readers the necessary skills for conducting humanities research in the rapidly developing digital environment. The book begins with an overview of the place of data science in the humanities, and proceeds to cover data carpentry: the essential techniques for gathering, cleaning, representing, and transforming textual and tabular data. Then, drawing from real-world, publicly available data sets that cover a variety of scholarly domains, the book delves into detailed case studies. Focusing on textual data analysis, the authors explore such diverse topics as network analysis, genre theory, onomastics, literacy, author attribution, mapping, stylometry, topic modeling, and time series analysis. Exercises and resources for further reading are provided at the end of each chapter. An ideal resource for humanities students and scholars aiming to take their Python skills to the next level, Humanities Data Analysis illustrates the benefits that quantitative methods can bring to complex research questions. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and scholars with a basic knowledge of Python Applicable to many humanities disciplines, including history, literature, and sociology Offers real-world case studies using publicly available data sets Provides exercises at the end of each chapter for students to test acquired skills Emphasizes visual storytelling via data visualizations |
| exploratory data analysis example: Python Data Science Handbook Jake VanderPlas, 2016-11-21 For many researchers, Python is a first-class tool mainly because of its libraries for storing, manipulating, and gaining insight from data. Several resources exist for individual pieces of this data science stack, but only with the Python Data Science Handbook do you get them all—IPython, NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Scikit-Learn, and other related tools. Working scientists and data crunchers familiar with reading and writing Python code will find this comprehensive desk reference ideal for tackling day-to-day issues: manipulating, transforming, and cleaning data; visualizing different types of data; and using data to build statistical or machine learning models. Quite simply, this is the must-have reference for scientific computing in Python. With this handbook, you’ll learn how to use: IPython and Jupyter: provide computational environments for data scientists using Python NumPy: includes the ndarray for efficient storage and manipulation of dense data arrays in Python Pandas: features the DataFrame for efficient storage and manipulation of labeled/columnar data in Python Matplotlib: includes capabilities for a flexible range of data visualizations in Python Scikit-Learn: for efficient and clean Python implementations of the most important and established machine learning algorithms |
| exploratory data analysis example: Beginning R Larry Pace, Joshua Wiley, 2015-10-23 Beginning R, Second Edition is a hands-on book showing how to use the R language, write and save R scripts, read in data files, and write custom statistical functions as well as use built in functions. This book shows the use of R in specific cases such as one-way ANOVA analysis, linear and logistic regression, data visualization, parallel processing, bootstrapping, and more. It takes a hands-on, example-based approach incorporating best practices with clear explanations of the statistics being done. It has been completely re-written since the first edition to make use of the latest packages and features in R version 3. R is a powerful open-source language and programming environment for statistics and has become the de facto standard for doing, teaching, and learning computational statistics. R is both an object-oriented language and a functional language that is easy to learn, easy to use, and completely free. A large community of dedicated R users and programmers provides an excellent source of R code, functions, and data sets, with a constantly evolving ecosystem of packages providing new functionality for data analysis. R has also become popular in commercial use at companies such as Microsoft, Google, and Oracle. Your investment in learning R is sure to pay off in the long term as R continues to grow into the go to language for data analysis and research. What You Will Learn: How to acquire and install R Hot to import and export data and scripts How to analyze data and generate graphics How to program in R to write custom functions Hot to use R for interactive statistical explorations How to conduct bootstrapping and other advanced techniques |
EXPLORATORY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of EXPLORATORY is of, relating to, or being exploration. How to use exploratory in a sentence.
EXPLORATORY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EXPLORATORY definition: 1. done in order to discover more about something: 2. done in order to discover more about…. Learn more.
EXPLORATORY Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Exploratory definition: pertaining to or concerned with exploration.. See examples of EXPLORATORY used in a sentence.
Exploratory - definition of exploratory by The Free Dictionary
exploratory - serving in or intended for exploration or discovery; "an exploratory operation"; "exploratory reconnaissance"; "digging an exploratory well in the Gulf of Mexico"; "exploratory …
exploratory adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and …
Definition of exploratory adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
EXPLORATORY definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Exploratory actions are done in order to discover something or to learn the truth about something. Exploratory surgery revealed her liver cancer. Two of Britain's biggest rival supermarket …
Exploratory - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
Whether you’re a teacher or a learner, Vocabulary.com can put you or your class on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.
exploratory - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From explore + -atory. Serving to explore or investigate. An exploration or investigation.
What does exploratory mean? - Definitions.net
Exploratory refers to the act of investigating, examining, or analyzing something in a detailed way to learn more about it, especially when this involves searching for new facts or understanding. …
EXPLORATORY Synonyms: 34 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Synonyms for EXPLORATORY: experimental, investigative, speculative, tentative, theoretic, preliminary, theoretical, developmental; Antonyms of EXPLORATORY: standard, established, …
EXPLORATORY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of EXPLORATORY is of, relating to, or being exploration. How to use exploratory in a sentence.
EXPLORATORY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EXPLORATORY definition: 1. done in order to discover more about something: 2. done in order to discover more about…. Learn more.
EXPLORATORY Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Exploratory definition: pertaining to or concerned with exploration.. See examples of EXPLORATORY used in a sentence.
Exploratory - definition of exploratory by The Free Dictionary
exploratory - serving in or intended for exploration or discovery; "an exploratory operation"; "exploratory reconnaissance"; "digging an exploratory well in the Gulf of Mexico"; "exploratory …
exploratory adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and …
Definition of exploratory adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
EXPLORATORY definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Exploratory actions are done in order to discover something or to learn the truth about something. Exploratory surgery revealed her liver cancer. Two of Britain's biggest rival supermarket chains, …
Exploratory - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
Whether you’re a teacher or a learner, Vocabulary.com can put you or your class on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.
exploratory - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From explore + -atory. Serving to explore or investigate. An exploration or investigation.
What does exploratory mean? - Definitions.net
Exploratory refers to the act of investigating, examining, or analyzing something in a detailed way to learn more about it, especially when this involves searching for new facts or understanding. It …
EXPLORATORY Synonyms: 34 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Synonyms for EXPLORATORY: experimental, investigative, speculative, tentative, theoretic, preliminary, theoretical, developmental; Antonyms of EXPLORATORY: standard, established, …
