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| expanding business to china: Global China Tarun Chhabra, Rush Doshi, Ryan Hass, 2021-06-22 The global implications of China's rise as a global actor In 2005, a senior official in the George W. Bush administration expressed the hope that China would emerge as a “responsible stakeholder” on the world stage. A dozen years later, the Trump administration dramatically shifted course, instead calling China a “strategic competitor” whose actions routinely threaten U.S. interests. Both assessments reflected an underlying truth: China is no longer just a “rising” power. It has emerged as a truly global actor, both economically and militarily. Every day its actions affect nearly every region and every major issue, from climate change to trade, from conflict in troubled lands to competition over rules that will govern the uses of emerging technologies. To better address the implications of China's new status, both for American policy and for the broader international order, Brookings scholars conducted research over the past two years, culminating in a project: Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World. The project is intended to furnish policy makers and the public with hard facts and deep insights for understanding China's regional and global ambitions. The initiative draws not only on Brookings's deep bench of China and East Asia experts, but also on the tremendous breadth of the institution's security, strategy, regional studies, technological, and economic development experts. Areas of focus include the evolution of China's domestic institutions; great power relations; the emergence of critical technologies; Asian security; China's influence in key regions beyond Asia; and China's impact on global governance and norms. Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World provides the most current, broad-scope, and fact-based assessment of the implications of China's rise for the United States and the rest of the world. |
| expanding business to china: China's Economic Rise Congressional Research Service, 2017-09-17 Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 36 years ago, China maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally-controlled, vastly inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world's fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging nearly 10% through 2016. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic power. It is now the world's largest economy (on a purchasing power parity basis), manufacturer, merchandise trader, and holder of foreign exchange reserves.The global economic crisis that began in 2008 greatly affected China's economy. China's exports, imports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined, GDP growth slowed, and millions of Chinese workers reportedly lost their jobs. The Chinese government responded by implementing a $586 billion economic stimulus package and loosening monetary policies to increase bank lending. Such policies enabled China to effectively weather the effects of the sharp global fall in demand for Chinese products, but may have contributed to overcapacity in several industries and increased debt by Chinese firms and local government. China's economy has slowed in recent years. Real GDP growth has slowed in each of the past six years, dropping from 10.6% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2016, and is projected to slow to 5.7% by 2022.The Chinese government has attempted to steer the economy to a new normal of slower, but more stable and sustainable, economic growth. Yet, concerns have deepened in recent years over the health of the Chinese economy. On August 11, 2015, the Chinese government announced that the daily reference rate of the renminbi (RMB) would become more market-oriented. Over the next three days, the RMB depreciated against the dollar and led to charges that China's goal was to boost exports to help stimulate the economy (which some suspect is in worse shape than indicated by official Chinese economic statistics). Concerns over the state of the Chinese economy appear to have often contributed to volatility in global stock indexes in recent years.The ability of China to maintain a rapidly growing economy in the long run will likely depend largely on the ability of the Chinese government to implement comprehensive economic reforms that more quickly hasten China's transition to a free market economy; rebalance the Chinese economy by making consumer demand, rather than exporting and fixed investment, the main engine of economic growth; boost productivity and innovation; address growing income disparities; and enhance environmental protection. The Chinese government has acknowledged that its current economic growth model needs to be altered and has announced several initiatives to address various economic challenges. In November 2013, the Communist Party of China held the Third Plenum of its 18th Party Congress, which outlined a number of broad policy reforms to boost competition and economic efficiency. For example, the communique stated that the market would now play a decisive role in allocating resources in the economy. At the same time, however, the communique emphasized the continued important role of the state sector in China's economy. In addition, many foreign firms have complained that the business climate in China has worsened in recent years. Thus, it remains unclear how committed the Chinese government is to implementing new comprehensive economic reforms.China's economic rise has significant implications for the United States and hence is of major interest to Congress. This report provides background on China's economic rise; describes its current economic structure; identifies the challenges China faces to maintain economic growth; and discusses the challenges, opportunities, and implications of China's economic rise. |
| expanding business to china: The China Strategy Edward Tse, 2012-08-07 China has hundreds of thousands of businessmen and women who are driving the fastest sustained national economic growth rate of any country in world history. After decades of being held back by their country's socialist history, the Chinese people are moving forward with the force of water bursting from a broken steam pipe. The intensity of their aspirations, joined with the plans of the government and the presence of the country's hundreds of millions of ordinary people, means that future developments in China will surpass even those of the recent past—and in an extraordinary manner. At the same time, the integration of Chinese business with global business is accelerating, meaning that no major enterprise or financial institution can avoid doing business with China, any more than they can avoid the United States. Success in China, either for a local entrepreneur or a global multinational, is now enough to transform a company's performance worldwide. This book explains the changing nature of China's business environment, its increasingly complex relationship with the rest of the world, and the global business. The China Strategy is uniquely positioned to help business leaders and other observers make sense of China. It provides a holistic view of the Chinese business environment, looking at consumers, competitive enterprises, the government, integration with the rest of the world, and the ways these elements interact. This book is thus the first to lay out a framework that puts together the different (and seemingly contradictory) trajectories of China's future. It shows how change is taking place in non-linear fashion: some factors (like Chinese entrepreneurship) are expanding exponentially, while others (like the value of China's labor arbitrage) may be reaching a plateau. And it shows how to build and execute a global business strategy in light of these changes. During the next few years, successful American and European businesses may have to move to become global businesses, incorporating China in particular into their core identity because it is the fastest-growing world hub of economic activity. They will need to become familiar with the Chinese financial systems, as well as its consumer markets, innovation capabilities, and labor force. These leaders could have no better guide than The China Strategy. |
| expanding business to china: Sustaining China's Economic Growth After the Global Financial Crisis Nicholas R. Lardy, 2012 |
| expanding business to china: China's Growing Role in World Trade Robert C. Feenstra, 2010-03-10 In less than three decades, China has grown from playing a negligible role in international trade to being one of the world's largest exporters, a substantial importer of raw materials, intermediate outputs, and other goods, and both a recipient and source of foreign investment. Not surprisingly, China's economic dynamism has generated considerable attention and concern in the United States and beyond. While some analysts have warned of the potential pitfalls of China's rise—the loss of jobs, for example—others have highlighted the benefits of new market and investment opportunities for US firms. Bringing together an expert group of contributors, China's Growing Role in World Trade undertakes an empirical investigation of the effects of China's new status. The essays collected here provide detailed analyses of the microstructure of trade, the macroeconomic implications, sector-level issues, and foreign direct investment. This volume's careful examination of micro data in light of established economic theories clarifies a number of misconceptions, disproves some conventional wisdom, and documents data patterns that enhance our understanding of China's trade and what it may mean to the rest of the world. |
| expanding business to china: China 2049 David Dollar, Yiping Huang, Yang Yao, 2020-06-09 How will China reform its economy as it aspires to become the next economic superpower? It's clear that China is the world's next economic superpower. But what isn't so clear is how China will get there by the middle of this century. It now faces tremendous challenges such as fostering innovation, dealing with ageing problem and coping with a less accommodative global environment. In this book, economists from China's leading university and America's best-known think tank offer in depth analyses of these challenges. Does China have enough talent and right policy and institutional mix to transit from input-driven to innovation-driven economy? What does ageing mean, in terms of labor supply, consumption demand and social welfare expenditure? Can China contain the environmental and climate change risks? How should the financial system be transformed in order to continuously support economic growth and keep financial risks under control? What fiscal reforms are required in order to balance between economic efficiency and social harmony? What roles should the state-owned enterprises play in the future Chinese economy? In addition, how will technological competition between the United States and China affect each country's development? Will the Chinese yuan emerge as a major reserve currency, and would this destabilize the international financial system? What will be China's role in the international economic institutions? And will the United States and other established powers accept a growing role for China and the rest of the developing world in the governance of global institutions such as the World Trade Organization and the International Monetary Fund, or will the world devolve into competing blocs? This book provides unique insights into independent analyses and policy recommendations by a group of top Chinese and American scholars. Whether China succeeds or fails in economic reform will have a large impact, not just on China's development, but also on stability and prosperity for the whole world. |
| expanding business to china: Making Of An Economic Superpower, The: Unlocking China's Secret Of Rapid Industrialization Yi Wen, 2016-05-13 The rise of China is no doubt one of the most important events in world economic history since the Industrial Revolution. Mainstream economics, especially the institutional theory of economic development based on a dichotomy of extractive vs. inclusive political institutions, is highly inadequate in explaining China's rise. This book argues that only a radical reinterpretation of the history of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the West (as incorrectly portrayed by the institutional theory) can fully explain China's growth miracle and why the determined rise of China is unstoppable despite its current 'backward' financial system and political institutions. Conversely, China's spectacular and rapid transformation from an impoverished agrarian society to a formidable industrial superpower sheds considerable light on the fundamental shortcomings of the institutional theory and mainstream 'blackboard' economic models, and provides more-accurate reevaluations of historical episodes such as Africa's enduring poverty trap despite radical political and economic reforms, Latin America's lost decades and frequent debt crises, 19th century Europe's great escape from the Malthusian trap, and the Industrial Revolution itself. |
| expanding business to china: The Long Game Rush Doshi, 2021-06-11 For more than a century, no US adversary or coalition of adversaries - not Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, or the Soviet Union - has ever reached sixty percent of US GDP. China is the sole exception, and it is fast emerging into a global superpower that could rival, if not eclipse, the United States. What does China want, does it have a grand strategy to achieve it, and what should the United States do about it? In The Long Game, Rush Doshi draws from a rich base of Chinese primary sources, including decades worth of party documents, leaked materials, memoirs by party leaders, and a careful analysis of China's conduct to provide a history of China's grand strategy since the end of the Cold War. Taking readers behind the Party's closed doors, he uncovers Beijing's long, methodical game to displace America from its hegemonic position in both the East Asia regional and global orders through three sequential strategies of displacement. Beginning in the 1980s, China focused for two decades on hiding capabilities and biding time. After the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, it became more assertive regionally, following a policy of actively accomplishing something. Finally, in the aftermath populist elections of 2016, China shifted to an even more aggressive strategy for undermining US hegemony, adopting the phrase great changes unseen in century. After charting how China's long game has evolved, Doshi offers a comprehensive yet asymmetric plan for an effective US response. Ironically, his proposed approach takes a page from Beijing's own strategic playbook to undermine China's ambitions and strengthen American order without competing dollar-for-dollar, ship-for-ship, or loan-for-loan. |
| expanding business to china: Market Entry in China Christiane Prange, 2016-05-14 This book compiles brand new case studies on the intricacies and market entry strategies of different companies in China. The sheer speed and scope of China’s growth makes it unique and investment opportunities are very attractive. Despite the potential, many western companies fail in their market entry strategies. This book traces the major sources of failure and uses cases to illustrate how firms can better cope with the challenging Chinese market. With a special focus on marketing, positioning, and branding, this book presents issues and solutions of both large multinationals and small niche market players. |
| expanding business to china: How China Became Capitalist R. Coase, N. Wang, 2016-04-30 How China Became Capitalist details the extraordinary, and often unanticipated, journey that China has taken over the past thirty five years in transforming itself from a closed agrarian socialist economy to an indomitable economic force in the international arena. The authors revitalise the debate around the rise of the Chinese economy through the use of primary sources, persuasively arguing that the reforms implemented by the Chinese leaders did not represent a concerted attempt to create a capitalist economy, and that it was 'marginal revolutions' that introduced the market and entrepreneurship back to China. Lessons from the West were guided by the traditional Chinese principle of 'seeking truth from facts'. By turning to capitalism, China re-embraced her own cultural roots. How China Became Capitalist challenges received wisdom about the future of the Chinese economy, warning that while China has enormous potential for further growth, the future is clouded by the government's monopoly of ideas and power. Coase and Wang argue that the development of a market for ideas which has a long and revered tradition in China would be integral in bringing about the Chinese dream of social harmony. |
| expanding business to china: Xi Jinping: A Lowy Institute Paper: Penguin Special Richard McGregor, 2019-07-16 Xi Jinping has transformed China at home and abroad with a speed and aggression that few foresaw when he came to power in 2012. Finally, he is meeting resistance, both at home among disgruntled officials and disillusioned technocrats, and abroad from an emerging coalition of Western nations that seem determined to resist China’s geopolitical and high-tech expansion. With the United States and China at loggerheads, Richard McGregor outlines how the world came to be split in two. |
| expanding business to china: China’s Grand Strategy Andrew Scobell, Edmund J. Burke, Cortez A. Cooper III, Sale Lilly, Chad J. R. Ohlandt, Eric Warner, J.D. Williams, 2020-07-27 To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades. |
| expanding business to china: Doing Business in the New China Birgit Zinzius, 2004-08-30 China's economy, despite recently weathered challenges, continues to prove attractive to foreign investors, expanding businesses, and entrepreneurs seeking global opportunities. This handbook has been written for anyone with an interest in doing business in China, including the consultants and specialists who work with global companies, but it is far more than an introduction to the Chinese market. Combining a deep knowledge of Chinese culture with her recent experience and continuing work with managers who do business in this sleeping economic superpower, the author brings out the nuances in everything she writes about, e.g., the distinctions among Chinese in income, target market, and geographic region. She demonstrates how Western notions of market segmentation, for example, may be fatally flawed when applied indiscriminately to the same demographically selected categories of Chinese consumers. Investing in China is not some get rich quick scheme. Only those who take the time to fully and thoroughly understand the Chinese market, and how that market is likely to interact with their products or services, will demonstrate the patience necessary to achieve success. |
| expanding business to china: Transition and Opportunity Huiyao Wang, Lu Miao, 2022 This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Multinational corporations (MNCs) have long played a crucial role in the Chinese economy. This role is one that is set to continue in the post-pandemic era as China works to transit to a high-quality growth model that is more sustainable and innovation-driven. With global experience and front-line involvement in some of the most pressing economic, technological, and environmental issues of our day, leading figures in MNCs and chambers of commerce are well placed to share insights that could potentially contribute to policymaking and development strategies so that everyone can “make the most” of China’s future. This collection of essay aims to share these invaluable insights with a wider audience, offering balanced and diverse perspectives from companies and advocacy groups working on a range of issues related to China’s domestic development, international economic cooperation, and China-US competition. These insights are useful not only for the wider business community, but also for academics, policymakers, students, and anyone trying to deepen their understanding of this exciting period of “transition and opportunity,” and make the most of China’s bright future. . |
| expanding business to china: Schism Paul Blustein, 2019-09-10 China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 was heralded as historic, and for good reason: the world's most populous nation was joining the rule-based system that has governed international commerce since World War II. But the full ramifications of that event are only now becoming apparent, as the Chinese economic juggernaut has evolved in unanticipated and profoundly troublesome ways. In this book, journalist Paul Blustein chronicles the contentious process resulting in China's WTO membership and the transformative changes that followed, both good and bad - for China, for its trading partners, and for the global trading system as a whole. The book recounts how China opened its markets and underwent far-reaching reforms that fuelled its economic takeoff, but then adopted policies - a cheap currency and heavy-handed state intervention - that unfairly disadvantaged foreign competitors and circumvented WTO rules. Events took a potentially catastrophic turn in 2018 with the eruption of a trade war between China and the United States, which has brought the trading system to a breaking point. Regardless of how the latest confrontation unfolds, the world will be grappling for decades with the challenges posed by China Inc. |
| expanding business to china: China’s Productivity Convergence and Growth Potential—A Stocktaking and Sectoral Approach Min Zhu, Ms.Longmei Zhang, Daoju Peng, 2019-11-27 China’s growth potential has become a hotly debated topic as the economy has reached an income level susceptible to the “middle-income trap” and financial vulnerabilities are mounting after years of rapid credit expansion. However, the existing literature has largely focused on macro level aggregates, which are ill suited to understanding China’s significant structural transformation and its impact on economic growth. To fill the gap, this paper takes a deep dive into China’s convergence progress in 38 industrial sectors and 11 services sectors, examines past sectoral transitions, and predicts future shifts. We find that China’s productivity convergence remains at an early stage, with the industrial sector more advanced than services. Large variations exist among subsectors, with high-tech industrial sectors, in particular the ICT sector, lagging low-tech sectors. Going forward, ample room remains for further convergence, but the shrinking distance to the frontier, the structural shift from industry to services, and demographic changes will put sustained downward pressure on growth, which could slow to 5 percent by 2025 and 4 percent by 2030. Digitalization, SOE reform, and services sector opening up could be three major forces boosting future growth, while the risks of a financial crisis and a reversal in global integration in trade and technology could slow the pace of convergence. |
| expanding business to china: China's Expansion in International Business Peter Baláž, Stanislav Zábojník, Lukáš Harvánek, 2020-09-20 Capturing the overall development of the Chinese economy, this comprehensive book offers an introduction to one of the most astonishing economic growth stories of the last three decades. The authors identify the key stages and unique features of China’s development, exploring its geopolitical impact on the world economy, and in particular, on the European Union. Analysing factors such as education, urbanisation and innovation, this book highlights the reasons behind China’s success in the international market, and places a special focus on the country’s energy policy. By providing insights into such an important case of expansion and growth in international business, this innovative book will be of interest to those researching Asian business, internationalisation and the Chinese economy. |
| expanding business to china: China's Growth and Integration Into the World Economy Eswar Prasad, 2004-06-17 China’s transformation into a dynamic private-sector-led economy and its integration into the world economy have been among the most dramatic global economic developments of recent decades. This paper provides an overview of some of the key aspects of recent developments in China’s macroeconomy and economic structure. It also surveys the main policy challenges that will need to be addressed for China to maintain sustained high growth and continued global integration. |
| expanding business to china: Billions of Entrepreneurs Tarun Khanna, 2008-02-01 China and India are home to one-third of the world's population. And they're undergoing social and economic revolutions that are capturing the best minds--and money--of Western business. In Billions of Entrepreneurs, Tarun Khanna examines the entrepreneurial forces driving China's and India's trajectories of development. He shows where these trajectories overlap and complement one another--and where they diverge and compete. He also reveals how Western companies can participate in this development. Through intriguing comparisons, the author probes important differences between China and India in areas such as information and transparency, the roles of capital markets and talent, public and private property rights, social constraints on market forces, attitudes toward expatriates abroad and foreigners at home, entrepreneurial and corporate opportunities, and the importance of urban and rural communities. He explains how these differences will influence China's and India's future development, what the two countries can learn from each other, and how they will ultimately reshape business, politics, and society in the world around them. Engaging and incisive, this book is a critical resource for anyone working in China or India or planning to do business in these two countries. |
| expanding business to china: Invisible China Scott Rozelle, Natalie Hell, 2020-09-29 A study of how China’s changing economy may leave its rural communities in the dust and launch a political and economic disaster. As the glittering skyline in Shanghai seemingly attests, China has quickly transformed itself from a place of stark poverty into a modern, urban, technologically savvy economic powerhouse. But as Scott Rozelle and Natalie Hell show in Invisible China, the truth is much more complicated and might be a serious cause for concern. China’s growth has relied heavily on unskilled labor. Most of the workers who have fueled the country’s rise come from rural villages and have never been to high school. While this national growth strategy has been effective for three decades, the unskilled wage rate is finally rising, inducing companies inside China to automate at an unprecedented rate and triggering an exodus of companies seeking cheaper labor in other countries. Ten years ago, almost every product for sale in an American Walmart was made in China. Today, that is no longer the case. With the changing demand for labor, China seems to have no good back-up plan. For all of its investment in physical infrastructure, for decades China failed to invest enough in its people. Recent progress may come too late. Drawing on extensive surveys on the ground in China, Rozelle and Hell reveal that while China may be the second-largest economy in the world, its labor force has one of the lowest levels of education of any comparable country. Over half of China’s population—as well as a vast majority of its children—are from rural areas. Their low levels of basic education may leave many unable to find work in the formal workplace as China’s economy changes and manufacturing jobs move elsewhere. In Invisible China, Rozelle and Hell speak not only to an urgent humanitarian concern but also a potential economic crisis that could upend economies and foreign relations around the globe. If too many are left structurally unemployable, the implications both inside and outside of China could be serious. Understanding the situation in China today is essential if we are to avoid a potential crisis of international proportions. This book is an urgent and timely call to action that should be read by economists, policymakers, the business community, and general readers alike. Praise for Invisible China “Stunningly researched.” —TheEconomist, Best Books of the Year (UK) “Invisible China sounds a wake-up call.” —The Strategist “Not to be missed.” —Times Literary Supplement (UK) “[Invisible China] provides an extensive coverage of problems for China in the sphere of human capital development . . . the book is rich in content and is not constrained only to China, but provides important parallels with past and present developments in other countries.” —Journal of Chinese Political Science |
| expanding business to china: Dragons at Your Door Ming Zeng, Peter J. Williamson, 2007 Disrupting global competition : how did they get here so fast? -- Cost innovation : the Chinese dragons' secret weapon -- Loose bricks : re-thinking your vulnerabilities -- The weak link : limitations of the Chinese dragons -- Your response : winning in the new global game -- Conclusion : charting the future. |
| expanding business to china: The One Hour China Book Jeffrrey Alan Towson, Jonathan R. Woetzel, 2014-01-14 One hour with this book will make you an expert on business in China. - Dick Gephardt, Majority-Minority Leader, U.S. House of Representatives, 1989-2002 Without question, the best 60 minutes you will spend on China. - Jonathan Anderson, Emerging Markets Advisors This is the China book for everyone - whether an expert or novice. It can be read in an hour and gives you most of what you need to know about China business today - and its increasing impact on the rest of the world. This speed-read book is the distilled knowledge of two Peking University business professors with over 30 years of experience on the ground in China and the emerging markets. According to authors Jeffrey Towson and Jonathan Woetzel, if we had the undivided attention of someone from Ohio, Brighton or Lima for just one hour, this little book is what we would say. Author Jonathan Woetzel is a senior partner of McKinsey & Company. He opened McKinsey's Shanghai location in 1995 and has been resident since then. He currently the global leader of its Cities Special Initiative and the Asia-based Director of the McKinsey Global Institute. He has led many of the Firm's most significant projects in China including the first major international listing of a Chinese company and the development of the economic plans for the cities of Shanghai, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Xian and Harbin among others. He co-chairs the Urban China Initiative along with Tsinghua University and Columbia University to catalyze the next stage of China's urbanization. Author Jeffrey Towson is a private equity investor, professor and best-selling author. His area of expertise is developing economy investing and cross-border strategies - primarily US-China deals in healthcare and consumer products. He was previously Head of Direct Investments for Middle East North Africa and Asia Pacific for Prince Alwaleed, nicknamed by Time magazine the Arabian Warren Buffett and arguably the world's first private global investor. |
| expanding business to china: Why Nations Fail Daron Acemoglu, James A. Robinson, 2013-09-17 Brilliant and engagingly written, Why Nations Fail answers the question that has stumped the experts for centuries: Why are some nations rich and others poor, divided by wealth and poverty, health and sickness, food and famine? Is it culture, the weather, geography? Perhaps ignorance of what the right policies are? Simply, no. None of these factors is either definitive or destiny. Otherwise, how to explain why Botswana has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world, while other African nations, such as Zimbabwe, the Congo, and Sierra Leone, are mired in poverty and violence? Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson conclusively show that it is man-made political and economic institutions that underlie economic success (or lack of it). Korea, to take just one of their fascinating examples, is a remarkably homogeneous nation, yet the people of North Korea are among the poorest on earth while their brothers and sisters in South Korea are among the richest. The south forged a society that created incentives, rewarded innovation, and allowed everyone to participate in economic opportunities. The economic success thus spurred was sustained because the government became accountable and responsive to citizens and the great mass of people. Sadly, the people of the north have endured decades of famine, political repression, and very different economic institutions—with no end in sight. The differences between the Koreas is due to the politics that created these completely different institutional trajectories. Based on fifteen years of original research Acemoglu and Robinson marshall extraordinary historical evidence from the Roman Empire, the Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa to build a new theory of political economy with great relevance for the big questions of today, including: - China has built an authoritarian growth machine. Will it continue to grow at such high speed and overwhelm the West? - Are America’s best days behind it? Are we moving from a virtuous circle in which efforts by elites to aggrandize power are resisted to a vicious one that enriches and empowers a small minority? - What is the most effective way to help move billions of people from the rut of poverty to prosperity? More philanthropy from the wealthy nations of the West? Or learning the hard-won lessons of Acemoglu and Robinson’s breakthrough ideas on the interplay between inclusive political and economic institutions? Why Nations Fail will change the way you look at—and understand—the world. |
| expanding business to china: China's Influence and American Interests Larry Diamond, Orville Schell, 2019-08-01 While Americans are generally aware of China's ambitions as a global economic and military superpower, few understand just how deeply and assertively that country has already sought to influence American society. As the authors of this volume write, it is time for a wake-up call. In documenting the extent of Beijing's expanding influence operations inside the United States, they aim to raise awareness of China's efforts to penetrate and sway a range of American institutions: state and local governments, academic institutions, think tanks, media, and businesses. And they highlight other aspects of the propagandistic “discourse war” waged by the Chinese government and Communist Party leaders that are less expected and more alarming, such as their view of Chinese Americans as members of a worldwide Chinese diaspora that owes undefined allegiance to the so-called Motherland.Featuring ideas and policy proposals from leading China specialists, China's Influence and American Interests argues that a successful future relationship requires a rebalancing toward greater transparency, reciprocity, and fairness. Throughout, the authors also strongly state the importance of avoiding casting aspersions on Chinese and on Chinese Americans, who constitute a vital portion of American society. But if the United States is to fare well in this increasingly adversarial relationship with China, Americans must have a far better sense of that country's ambitions and methods than they do now. |
| expanding business to china: China's Belt and Road: A Game Changer? Alessia Amighini (a cura di), 2017-07-11 Officially announced by Xi Jinping in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has since become the centrepiece of China’s economic diplomacy. It is a commitment to ease bottlenecks to Eurasian trade by improving and building networks of connectivity across Central and Western Asia, where the BRI aims to act as a bond for the projects of regional cooperation and integration already in progress in Southern Asia. But it also reaches out to the Middle East as well as East and North Africa, a truly strategic area where the Belt joins the Road. Europe, the end-point of the New Silk Roads, both by land and by sea, is the ultimate geographic destination and political partner in the BRI. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the BRI, its logic, rationale and implications for international economic and political relations. |
| expanding business to china: Capitalism at Risk, Updated and Expanded Joseph L. Bower, Herman B. Leonard, Lynn S. Paine, 2020-06-30 Q. Who should take the lead in fixing market capitalism? A. Business—not government alone. The spread of capitalism worldwide has made people wealthier than ever before. But capitalism's future is far from assured. Pandemics, income inequality, resource depletion, mass migrations from poor to rich countries, religious fundamentalism, the misuse of social media, and cyberattacks—these are just a few of the threats to continuing prosperity that we see dominating the headlines every day. How can capitalism be sustained? And who should spearhead the effort? Critics turn to government. In their groundbreaking book, Capitalism at Risk, Harvard Business School professors Joseph Bower, Herman Leonard, and Lynn Paine argue that while robust governments must play a role, leadership by business is essential. For enterprising companies—whether large multinationals, established regional players, or small startups—the current threats to market capitalism present important opportunities. In this updated and expanded edition of Capitalism at Risk, Bower, Leonard, and Paine set forth a renewed and more urgent call to action. With three additional chapters and a new preface, the authors explain how the eleven original disruptors of the global market system clash with the digital age, and they provide lessons on how to take action. Presenting examples of companies already making a difference, Bower, Leonard, and Paine show how business must serve both as innovator and activist—developing corporate strategies that effect change at the community, national, and international levels. Filled with rich insights, this new edition of Capitalism at Risk presents a compelling and constructive vision for the future of market capitalism. |
| expanding business to china: China’s Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks Ms.Longmei Zhang, Ms.Sally Chen, 2019-01-17 China’s digital economy has expanded rapidly in recent years. While average digitalization of the economy remains lower than in advanced economies, digitalization is already high in certain regions and sectors, in particular e-commerce and fintech, and costal regions. Such transformation has boosted productivity growth, with varying impact on employment across sectors. Going forward, digitalization will continue to reshape the Chinese economy by improving efficiency, softening though not reversing, the downward trend of potential growth as the economy matures. The government should play a vital role in maximizing the benefits of digitalization while minimizing related risks, such as potential labor disruption, privacy infringement, emerging oligopolies, and financial risks. |
| expanding business to china: China¿s Economic Conditions Wayne M. Morrison, 2010-10 Since the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 30 years ago, China has been one of the world¿s fastest-growing economies and has emerged as a major economic and trade power. China¿s economy and economic policies are of major concern to many U.S. policymakers. Contents of this report: Most Recent Developments; An Overview of China¿s Economic Development; Measuring the Size of China¿s Economy; Foreign Direct Investment in China; China¿s Trade Patterns; China¿s Growing Overseas Direct Investment; Major Long-Term Challenges Facing the Chinese Economy; Fallout From the Current Global Financial Crisis. Charts and tables. |
| expanding business to china: China's Soft Power and International Relations Hongyi Lai, Yiyi Lu, 2012 This book provides a comprehensive overview of China's use of soft power and assesses the impact this is having on the world and on the process of international relations. |
| expanding business to china: China Goes West Joel Backaler, 2016-04-30 Presenting an unrivalled perspective into the inner-workings of Chinese corporations and their expansion plans for international markets, this book combines executive interviews and first-hand accounts providing the sorely needed context to the rise of Chinese companies in home and overseas markets and how the West can successfully compete. |
| expanding business to china: China's Entry to the WTO Peter Drysdale, Ligang Song, 2000 This volume provides a detailed up-to-date analysis of the strategic issues and policy options of China's accession to the WTO. Quantitative analysis demonstrates how tariff reduction resulting from China's accession to the WTO will benefit the Chinese economy as well as the rest of the world. The book argues that there is no single trade policy initiative likely to result in larger gains in international trade in the foreseeable future than China's accession to the WTO. |
| expanding business to china: The Expanding Roles of Chinese Americans in U.S.-China Relations Peter Koehn, Xiao-Huang Yin, Xiao-huang Yin, 2015-02-12 This book addresses the historical and contemporary involvement of Chinese Americans from diverse walks of life in U.S.-China relations. The contributors present new evidence and fresh perspectives on familiar and unfamiliar national and transnational networks - including families, businesspersons, community newspapers, students, lobbyists, philanthropists, and scientists - and consider the likely future impact of such contacts on the most important bilateral relationship at the start of the new millennium. The volume makes a multidisciplinary contribution to understanding the extensive and vital roles and promise of Chinese Americans at this critical juncture in U.S.-China relations, and to revealing the importance of migrants as actors in contemporary global politics. The assessments shared by the contributors suggest that the nature and scope of the Chinese American involvement, particularly in global civil society networks, increasingly will determine the outcome of state-to-state relations between the United States and the PRC. |
| expanding business to china: The End of Corporate Imperialism C. K. Prahalad, Kenneth Lieberthal, 2008-11-10 Hundreds of millions of people in China, India, Indonesia, and Brazil are eager to enter the marketplace. Yet multinational companies typically pitch their products to emerging markets' tiny segment of affluent buyers, and thus miss out on much larger markets further down the socioeconomic pyramid—which local rivals snap up. By applying the authors' recommendations, you can position yourself to compete innovatively in developing countries—and to unlock major new sources of revenue for your business. Since 1922, Harvard Business Review has been a leading source of breakthrough ideas in management practice. The Harvard Business Review Classics series now offers you the opportunity to make these seminal pieces a part of your permanent management library. Each highly readable volume contains a groundbreaking idea that continues to shape best practices and inspire countless managers around the world. |
| expanding business to china: China's Changing Trade and the Implications for the CLMV Mr.Koshy Mathai, Gee Hee Hong, Sung Eun Jung, Jochen M. Schmittmann, Jiangyan Yu, 2016-09-01 China’s trade patterns are evolving. While it started in light manufacturing and the assembly of more sophisticated products as part of global supply chains, China is now moving up the value chain, “onshoring” the production of higher-value-added upstream products and moving into more sophisticated downstream products as well. At the same time, with its wages rising, it has started to exit some lower-end, more labor-intensive sectors. These changes are taking place in the broader context of China’s rebalancing—away from exports and toward domestic demand, and within the latter, away from investment and toward consumption—and as a consequence, demand for some commodity imports is slowing, while consumption imports are slowly rising. The evolution of Chinese trade, investment, and consumption patterns offers opportunities and challenges to low-wage, low-income countries, including China’s neighbors in the Mekong region. Cambodia, Lao P.D.R., Myanmar, and Vietnam (the CLMV) are all open economies that are highly integrated with China. Rebalancing in China may mean less of a role for commodity exports from the region, but at the same time, the CLMV’s low labor costs suggest that manufacturing assembly for export could take off as China becomes less competitive, and as China itself demands more consumption items. Labor costs, however, are only part of the story. The CLMV will need to strengthen their infrastructure, education, governance, and trade regimes, and also run sound macro policies in order to capitalize fully on the opportunities presented by China’s transformation. With such policy efforts, the CLMV could see their trade and integration with global supply chains grow dramatically in the coming years. |
| expanding business to china: Doing Business in China Ted Plafker, 2014-07-02 It's common knowledge that China has the fastest growing economy in the world. What is not common knowledge is exactly how Western companies can gain a foothold and increase their profits by doing business inside this next great superpower. Now, respected business journalist Ted Plafker has written a fully detailed, yet user-friendly handbook on how individuals and companies can succeed in this challenging and often confusing environment. Sections include: - Pinpointing the Top Emerging Markets: A look at promising sectors such as agriculture, automotive, biotech, financial services, media, retail, and more. - Laws, Rules & Regulations: A how-to guide to China's complicated and ever-shifting legal landscape. - Understanding Cultural Differences: Vital topics include Basic Communication, Talking Politics, The Little Things, and more. - Sales & Marketing: How to promote and move products and services to Chinese consumers. |
| expanding business to china: Innovative China Development Research Center of the State Council, World Bank Group, 2019 After more than three decades of average annual growth close to 10 percent, China's economy is transitioning to a 'new normal' of slower but more balanced and sustainable growth. Its old drivers of growth -- a growing labor force, the migration from rural areas to cities, high levels of investments, and expanding exports -- are waning or having less impact. China's policymakers are well aware that the country needs new drivers of growth. This report proposes a reform agenda that emphasizes productivity and innovation to help policymakers promote China's future growth and achieve their vision of a modern and innovative China. The reform agenda is based on the three D's: removing Distortions to strengthen market competition and enhance the efficient allocation of resources in the economy; accelerating Diffusion of advanced technologies and management practices in China's economy, taking advantage of the large remaining potential for catch-up growth; and fostering Discovery and nurturing China's competitive and innovative capacity as China approaches OECD incomes in the decades ahead and extends the global innovation and technology frontier. |
| expanding business to china: The State Strikes Back Nicholas R. Lardy, 2019-01-01 China's extraordinarily rapid economic growth since 1978, driven by market-oriented reforms, has set world records and continued unabated, despite predictions of an inevitable slowdown. In The State Strikes Back: The End of Economic Reform in China?, renowned China scholar Nicholas R. Lardy argues that China's future growth prospects could be equally bright but are shadowed by the specter of resurgent state dominance, which has begun to diminish the vital role of the market and private firms in China's economy. Lardy's book arrives in timely fashion as a sequel to his pathbreaking Markets over Mao: The Rise of Private Business in China, published by PIIE in 2014. This book mobilizes new data to trace how President Xi Jinping has consistently championed state-owned or controlled enterprises, encouraging local political leaders and financial institutions to prop up ailing, underperforming companies that are a drag on China's potential. As with his previous book, Lardy's perspective departs from conventional wisdom, especially in its contention that China could achieve a high growth rate for the next two decades—if it reverses course and returns to the path of market-oriented reforms. |
| expanding business to china: Smart Business Ming Zeng, 2018-08-14 How Strategy Works in an Interconnected, Automated World Leaders already know that the classic approach to strategy--analyze, plan, execute--is losing relevance. But they don't yet know what replaces it. As everyone and everything becomes more interconnected and digitized, how do you operate, compete, and win? Ming Zeng, the former Chief of Staff and strategy adviser to Alibaba Group's founder Jack Ma, explains how the latest technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, the mobile internet, and cloud computing are redefining how value is created. Written especially for those outside the technology industry or the startup arena, this book introduces a simple, overarching framework to guide strategy formulation and execution in this data-rich and highly interactive environment. Revealing the revolutionary practices that he and his team have developed at Alibaba, Zeng shows how to: Automate decisions through machine learning Create products informed by real-time data from customers Determine the right strategic positioning to maximize value from platforms and suppliers Repurpose your organization to further human insight and enable creativity Lead your company's transformation into a smart business With insights into the strategies and tools used by leaders at Alibaba and other companies such as Ruhan and Red Collar, in a variety of industries from furniture making to banking to custom tailoring, Smart Business outlines a radically new approach to strategy that can be applied everywhere. |
| expanding business to china: Attention Factory Matthew Brennan, 2020-10-10 How did Tik Tok rise so fast? Who's really behind China's first truly global internet giant? In 2012, ByteDance was just a handful of geeks working out of a scrappy four-bedroom Beijing apartment. Today, it's the world's fastest-growing tech behemoth worth over $100 billion. Written by China internet specialist and internationally recognized speaker Matthew Brennan and edited by TechCrunch journalist Rita Liao. Attention Factory is packed with over 300 pages of original analysis and exclusive reporting that you cannot find elsewhere. The rise and fall of Vine and Musical.ly The company's iconic founder, Zhang Yiming The original China version of TikTok--Douyin ByteDance's first flagship app, Toutiao The power of short video memes And so much more... Discover how recommendation engines, content operations, and good old China-style growth hacking hold the key to this company's success. A creative blend of storytelling and analysis, Attention Factory is perfect for business professionals, technology firm investors, and anyone passionate about how the internet is impacting our lives. Get it now. |
| expanding business to china: The Uses and Abuses of Weaponized Interdependence Daniel W. Drezner, Henry Farrell, Abraham L. Newman, 2021-03-02 How globalized information networks can be used for strategic advantage Until recently, globalization was viewed, on balance, as an inherently good thing that would benefit people and societies nearly everywhere.Now there is growing concern that some countries will use their position in globalized networks to gain undue influence over other societies through their dominance of information and financial networks, a concept known as “weaponized interdependence.” In exploring the conditions under which China, Russia, and the United States might be expected to weaponize control of information and manipulate the global economy, the contributors to this volume challenge scholars and practitioners to think differently about foreign economic policy, national security, and statecraft for the twenty-first century. The book addresses such questions as: What areas of the global economy are most vulnerable to unilateral control of informationand financial networks? How sustainable is the use of weaponized interdependence? What are the possible responses from targeted actors? And how sustainable is the open global economy if weaponized interdependence becomes a default tool for managing international relations? |
194 Synonyms & Antonyms for EXPANDING - Thesaurus.com
Find 194 different ways to say EXPANDING, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
EXPANDING Synonyms: 123 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Synonyms for EXPANDING: developing, supplementing, amplifying, enlarging (on or upon), complementing, elaborating (on), dilating (on or upon), adding (to); Antonyms of EXPANDING: …
EXPANDING | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EXPANDING definition: 1. present participle of expand 2. to increase in size, number, or importance, or to make something…. Learn more.
Expanding - definition of expanding by The Free Dictionary
To increase the size, volume, quantity, or scope of; enlarge: expanded her store by adding a second room. See Synonyms at increase. 2. To express at length or in detail; enlarge on: …
EXPAND Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Expand definition: to increase in extent, size, volume, scope, etc... See examples of EXPAND used in a sentence.
EXPANDING definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Becoming, or capable of becoming, greater in extent, volume, size, or scope.... Click for English pronunciations, examples sentences, video.
expanding - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
to increase in extent, size, scope, or volume: [no object] The balloon expanded until it burst. [~ + object] The heat expanded the metal. spread (out): [no object] The snake expanded to its full …
expand verb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes ...
[intransitive, transitive] to become greater in size, number or importance; to make something greater in size, number or importance. Metals expand when they are heated. Student numbers …
What is another word for expanding - WordHippo
Find 884 synonyms for expanding and other similar words that you can use instead based on 16 separate contexts from our thesaurus.
EXPAND Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of EXPAND is to open up : unfold. How to use expand in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Expand.
194 Synonyms & Antonyms for EXPANDING - Thesaurus.com
Find 194 different ways to say EXPANDING, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
EXPANDING Synonyms: 123 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Synonyms for EXPANDING: developing, supplementing, amplifying, enlarging (on or upon), complementing, elaborating (on), dilating (on or upon), adding (to); Antonyms of EXPANDING: …
EXPANDING | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EXPANDING definition: 1. present participle of expand 2. to increase in size, number, or importance, or to make something…. Learn more.
Expanding - definition of expanding by The Free Dictionary
To increase the size, volume, quantity, or scope of; enlarge: expanded her store by adding a second room. See Synonyms at increase. 2. To express at length or in detail; enlarge on: …
EXPAND Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Expand definition: to increase in extent, size, volume, scope, etc... See examples of EXPAND used in a sentence.
EXPANDING definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Becoming, or capable of becoming, greater in extent, volume, size, or scope.... Click for English pronunciations, examples sentences, video.
expanding - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
to increase in extent, size, scope, or volume: [no object] The balloon expanded until it burst. [~ + object] The heat expanded the metal. spread (out): [no object] The snake expanded to its full …
expand verb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes ...
[intransitive, transitive] to become greater in size, number or importance; to make something greater in size, number or importance. Metals expand when they are heated. Student numbers …
What is another word for expanding - WordHippo
Find 884 synonyms for expanding and other similar words that you can use instead based on 16 separate contexts from our thesaurus.
EXPAND Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of EXPAND is to open up : unfold. How to use expand in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Expand.
