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| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Hope Matthew W. Gallagher, Shane J. Lopez, 2018 Hope has long been a topic of interest for psychologists, philosophers, educators, and physicians. In the past few decades, researchers from various disciplines and from around the world have studied how hope relates to superior academic performance, improved outcomes in the workplace, and improved psychological and physical health in individuals of all ages. Edited by Matthew W. Gallagher and the late Shane J. Lopez, The Oxford Handbook of Hope provides readers with a thorough and comprehensive update on the past 25 years of hope research while simultaneously providing an outline of what leading hope researchers believe the future of this line of research to be. In this extraordinary volume, Gallagher, Lopez, and their expert team of contributors discuss such topics as how best to define hope, how hope is distinguished from related philosophical and psychological constructs, what the current best practices are for measuring and quantifying hope, interventions and strategies for promoting hope across a variety of settings, the impact it has on physical and mental health, and the ways in which hope promotes positive functioning. Throughout its pages, these experts review what is currently known about hope and identify the topics and questions that will help guide the next decade of research ahead. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Hope Circuit Martin Seligman, 2018-04-05 One of the most important psychologists alive today tells the story of the transformation of modern psychology through the lens of his own career and change of heart. Martin E. P. Seligman is one of the most decorated and popular psychologists of his generation. When he first encountered the discipline in the 1960s, it was devoted to eliminating misery: the science of how past trauma creates present symptoms. Today, thanks in large part to Seligman's own work pioneering the Positive Psychology movement, it is ever more focused on the bright side; gratitude, resilience, and hope. In this his memoir, Seligman recounts how he learned to study optimism; including a life-changing conversation with his five-year-old daughter. In wise, eloquent prose, Seligman tells the human stories behind some of his major findings. He recounts developing CAVE, an analytical tool that predicts election outcomes (with shocking accuracy) based on the language used in campaign speeches, and the canonical studies that birthed the theory of learned helplessness - which he now reveals was incorrect. And he writes at length for the first time about his own battles with depression at a young age. All the while, Seligman works out his theory of psychology, making a compelling and deeply personal case for the importance of virtues like hope, anticipation, gratitude, and wisdom for our mental health. You will walk away from this book not just educated but deeply enriched. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: From Strength to Strength Arthur C. Brooks, 2022-03-17 THE #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER 'In this book, Arthur C. Brooks helps people find greater happiness as they age and change' - The Dalai Lama 'This book is amazing' - Chris Evans 'A valuable guide to finding new purpose and success in later life' - Daily Mail From the bestselling author and columnist behind The Atlantic's popular 'How to Build a Life' series, a guide to transforming the life changes we fear into a source of strength. In the first half of life, ambitious strivers embrace a simple formula for success in work and life: focus single-mindedly, work tirelessly, sacrifice personally, and climb the ladder relentlessly. It works. Until it doesn't. The second half of life is governed by different rules. In middle age, many strivers begin to find success coming harder and harder, rewards less satisfying, and family relationships withering. In response, they do what strivers always do: they double down on work in an attempt to outrun decline and weakness, and deny the changes that are becoming more and more obvious. The result is often anger, fear, and disappointment at a time in life that they imagined would be full of joy, fulfilment and pride. It doesn't have to be that way. In From Strength to Strength, happiness expert and bestselling author Arthur C. Brooks reveals a path to beating the 'striver's curse.' Drawing on science, classical philosophy, theology and history, he shares strategies for releasing old habits and forming new life practices, showing you how to: - Kick the habits of workaholism, success addiction, and self-objectification - Meditate on death – in order to beat fear and live well - Start a spiritual adventure - Embrace weakness in a way that turns it into strength. Change in your life is inevitable, but suffering is not. From Strength to Strength shows you how to accept the gifts of the second half of life with grace, joy, and ever deepening purpose. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Making Hope Happen Shane J. Lopez, 2014-07-22 Draws on research to offer strategies for adopting a high-hope attitude and shaping a successful future, and provides real-life examples of people who create hope and have changed the lives of their communities. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Dream Teams Shane Snow, 2018-06-05 'An adventure into the very human science of making breakthroughs together.' - Charles Duhigg, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author of The Power of Habit The best groups are more than the sum of their parts - but why does teamwork so often fail to fulfill this promise? Award-winning entrepreneur and journalist Shane Snow takes us on an extraordinary tour of the hidden science of team dynamics, revealing the counterintuitive reasons that some groups break out while far too many break down. Examining history-making groups like the Wu Tang Clan and the Russian national hockey side alongside teams whose failures have had lasting impact, Snow reveals the answers, and what the rest of us can learn from the rare teams that do the impossible together. In this stimulating, pacey adventure through history, neuroscience, psychology, sports and business, Snow explores the secrets of the best teams the world has to offer. You'll discover: - How ragtag teams - from soccer clubs to startups to gangs of pirates - beat the odds throughout history - Why DaimlerChrysler flopped while the Wu-Tang Clan succeeded, and the surprising factor behind most failed mergers, marriages, and partnerships - What the Wright Brothers' daily arguments can teach us about group problem solving - The true stories of pioneering women in law enforcement, unlikely civil rights collaborators, and underdog armies that did the incredible together - The team players behind great social movements in history, and the science of becoming open-minded. Provocative and entertaining, Dream Teams is a landmark work that will change the way we think about progress and collaboration. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Learned Optimism Martin Seligman, 2018-04-19 In this international bestseller, the father of positive psychology draws on more than twenty years of clinical research to show you how to overcome depression, boost your immune system, and make yourself happier. Vaulted me out of my funk.... So, fellow moderate pessimists, go buy this book. The New York Times Book Review Sharing simple techniques anyone can practice, Dr. Seligman explains how to break an I-give-up habit, develop a more constructive explanatory style for interpreting your behaviour, and experience the benefits of a more positive interior dialogue. With advice on how to encourage optimistic behavior at school, at work and in children, Learned Optimism is both profound and practical, and valuable for every phase of life. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Imperfect Spirituality Polly Campbell, 2013-10-15 Discusses how to render everyday moments and challenges into opportunities for spiritual growth, describing how to build a traditional spiritual life on top of a modern routine by engaging in short meditations and mindfulness. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Anatomy of Hope Jerome Groopman, 2003-12-23 An inspiring and profoundly enlightening exploration of one doctor’s discovery of how hope can change the course of illness Since the time of the ancient Greeks, human beings have believed that hope is essential to life. Now, in this groundbreaking book, Harvard Medical School professor and New Yorker staff writer Jerome Groopman shows us why. The search for hope is most urgent at the patient’s bedside. The Anatomy of Hope takes us there, bringing us into the lives of people at pivotal moments when they reach for and find hope--or when it eludes their grasp. Through these intimate portraits, we learn how to distinguish true hope from false, why some people feel they are undeserving of it, and whether we should ever abandon our search. Can hope contribute to recovery by changing physical well-being? To answer this hotly debated question, Groopman embarked on an investigative journey to cutting-edge laboratories where researchers are unraveling an authentic biology of hope. There he finds a scientific basis for understanding the role of this vital emotion in the outcome of illness. Here is a book that offers a new way of thinking about hope, with a message for all readers, not only patients and their families. We are just beginning to appreciate hope’s reach, Groopman writes, and have not defined its limits. I see hope as the very heart of healing. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Handbook of Hope C. Richard Snyder, 2000-06-07 Hope has previously been a construct more of interest to philosophy and religion than in psychology. New research has shown, however, that hope is closely related to optimism, feelings of control, and motivation toward achieving one's goals. The Handbook of Hope presents a comprehensive overview of the psychological inquiry into hope, including its measurement, its development in children, how its loss is associated with specific clinical disorders, and therapeutic approaches that can help instill hope in those who have lost theirs. A final section discusses hope in occupational applications: how the use of hope can make one a better coach, teacher, or parent. - Defines hope as a construct and describes development of hope through the lifespan - Provides multiple instruments for measuring hope - Guides professionals in how to assess hope levels & implement hope as part of therapy - Relates hope to all portions of the population - Includes case studies, figures, and tables to aid understanding of research findings and concepts; discusses the importance of hope to relationships, achieving goals, and success at work |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Science of Optimism and Hope Martin E. P. Seligman, 2000 Optimism and hope are not random feelings; they can be conscious choices. Martin E.P. Seligman, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, is one of the world's leading authorities on learned helplessness and its relation to optimism and hope. In recognition of his contribution to the field, the John Templeton Foundation hosted a symposium to honor his work and to document its tremendous influence on the world of psychological research. This volume brings together eminent psychologists and professionals whose work has been greatly influenced by Seligman's innovative approach. The contributors focus on several concepts related to optimism and hope including expectancies, explantatory style, goal setting, future mindedness, control, and choice. They address the areas of optimism and well-being in individuals, neurobiology of optimism, psychological resilience, physical health, promoting optimism and hope, and optimism in families, faith, and cutlures. - Back cover. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Learned Hopefulness Dan Tomasulo, 2020-06-01 “The perfect recipe for fulfillment, joy, peace, and expansion of awareness.” —Deepak Chopra, MD, author of Metahuman Cultivate hope with strengths-based practices grounded in positive psychology. If you suffer from depression, sub-clinical depression, or low mood, you may have days where you feel like you’ve lost hope—hope that you’ll ever feel better, that the world will be a better place, or that you’ll someday find the happiness that always seems to elude you. You aren’t alone. Many people struggle with feelings of sadness and hopelessness—especially in our difficult, modern world. The good news is that you can change. Learned Hopefulness offers powerful exercises grounded in evidence-based positive psychology to help you identify your strengths; ditch the self-limiting beliefs that diminish your capacity for positivity; and increase feelings of motivation, resiliency, and wellness. You’ll also learn to untangle yourself from rumination over past negative events, while shifting your perspective to the present moment and anticipating your future through a more positive lens. With this unique, compassionate, and life-affirming guide, you’ll find the tools you need to break free from hopelessness and start living a life of happiness and vitality. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology C. R. Snyder, Shane J. Lopez, Susana C. Marques, Lisa M. Edwards, 2021-01-14 The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology is the seminal reference in the field of positive psychology, which continues to transcend the boundaries of academia to capture the imagination of the general public. Almost 20 years after the first publication of this groundbreaking reference, this new third edition showcases how positive psychology is thriving in diverse contexts and fields of psychology. Consisting of 68 chapters of the most current theory and research, this updated handbook provides an unparalleled cross-disciplinary look at positive psychology from diverse fields and all branches of psychology, including social, clinical, personality, counseling, health, school, and developmental psychology. Several new chapters are included which highlight the latest research on positive psychology and neuroscience, as well as growing areas for applications of positive psychology. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Hope Matthew W. Gallagher, Shane J. Lopez, 2017-11-01 The scientific study of hope has flourished in the past twenty years since C.R. Snyder first proposed a model of hope that defined it as a positive motivational state that is based on an interactively derived sense of successful (1) goal-directed energy (agency) and (2) planning to meet goals (pathways). Hope has long been a topic of interest for philosophers, psychologists, educators, and physicians and in the past few decades researchers from various disciplines and from around the world have studied how hope relates to superior academic performance, improved outcomes in the workplace, and improved psychological and physical health in individuals of all ages. The Oxford Handbook of Hope will provide a comprehensive update on the past 25 years of hope research while simultaneously providing an outline of what leading hope researchers believe the future of hope research to be. The Handbook will be targeted towards researchers, professors, and advanced students interested in learning about current status and future directions of the science of hope. It will provide a comprehensive overview of the science of hope and will also be able to serve as a textbook for advanced seminars for undergraduates and graduate students interested in one of the most robust areas of positive psychology research. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Psychology of Hope C.R. Snyder, 2010-05-11 Why do some people lead positive, hope-filled lives, while others wallow in pessimism? In The Psychology of Hope, a professor of psychology reveals the specific character traits that produce highly hopeful individuals. He offers a test to measure one's level of optimism and gives specific advice on how to become a more hopeful person. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Optimism Bias Tali Sharot, 2011-06-14 Psychologists have long been aware that most people maintain an irrationally positive outlook on life—but why? Turns out, we might be hardwired that way. In this absorbing exploration, Tali Sharot—one of the most innovative neuroscientists at work today—demonstrates that optimism may be crucial to human existence. The Optimism Bias explores how the brain generates hope and what happens when it fails; how the brains of optimists and pessimists differ; why we are terrible at predicting what will make us happy; how emotions strengthen our ability to recollect; how anticipation and dread affect us; how our optimistic illusions affect our financial, professional, and emotional decisions; and more. Drawing on cutting-edge science, The Optimism Bias provides us with startling new insight into the workings of the brain and the major role that optimism plays in determining how we live our lives. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Hope Without Optimism Terry Eagleton, 2019-06-11 In a virtuoso display of erudition, thoughtfulness and humour, Terry Eagleton teases apart the concept of hope as it has been (often mistakenly) conceptualised over six millennia, from ancient Greece to today. He distinguishes hope from simple optimism, cheeriness, desire, idealism or adherence to the doctrine of Progress, bringing into focus a standpoint that requires reflection and commitment, arises from clear-sighted rationality, can be cultivated by practice and self-discipline, and which acknowledges but refuses to capitulate to the realities of failure and defeat. Authentic hope is indubitably tragic, yet Eagleton also argues for its radical implications as ‘a species of permanent revolution, whose enemy is as much political complacency as metaphysical despair’. It is a means of facing the future without devaluing the moment or obviating the past. Traversing centuries of thought about the many modes of hoping – from Ernst Bloch’s monumental work through the Stoics, Aquinas, Marx and Kierkegaard, among others – this penetrating book throws new light on religious faith and political ideology as well as issues such as the problem of evil, the role of language and the meaning of the past. Hope Without Optimism is a brilliantly engaged, impassioned chronicle of human belief and desire in an increasingly uncertain world. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Rules of Hope James R. Averill, George Catlin, Kyum K. Chon, 2012-12-06 Hope has been called the life blood of the soul, an indispensable condition for human existence. Yet evidence in this book suggests that hope is neither a necessary nor a universal part of life. Rather, hope is constituted in accordance with cultural norms, and hence it may vary fundamentally from one society to another. In the first of four studies, Averill, Catlin, and Chon delineate four classes of rules that help constitute hope in Western societies. A second study examines the similarities and differences between hope and other, more prototypic emotions, such as anger and love. The third study uses content analyses of maxims and metaphors to clarify further the Western model of hope. In the fourth study, hope is compared with himang, its closest counterpart in Korea. The results of these studies provide the basis for an analysis of the functions of hope, on both the individual and social levels. But this book is not simply about hope. It is also about emotions in general. Current psychological theories focus on emotions that have distinct physiological components (e.g., fear and anger) and that can be investigated using animal models. As a consequence, our theories have a strong biological orientation. How would our theories change if they were to encompass more cognitively oriented emotions, such as hope? Rules of Hope provides some answers to this question. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Historical and Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Hope Steven C. van den Heuvel, 2020-07-20 This open access volume makes an important contribution to the ongoing research on hope theory by combining insights from both its long history and its increasing multi-disciplinarity. In the first part, it recognizes the importance of the centuries-old reflection on hope by offering historical perspectives and tracing it back to ancient Greek philosophy. At the same time, it provides novel perspectives on often-overlooked historical theories and developments and challenges established views. The second part of the volume documents the state of the art of current research in hope across eight disciplines, which are philosophy, theology, psychology, economy, sociology, health studies, ecology, and development studies. Taken together, this volume provides an integrated view on hope as a multi-faced phenomenon. It contributes to the further understanding of hope as an essential human capacity, with the possibility of transforming our human societies. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Positive Psychotherapy Tayyab Rashid, Martin E. P. Seligman, 2019 For over a century the focus of psychotherapy has been on what ails us, with the therapeutic process resting upon the assumption that unearthing past traumas, correcting faulty thinking, and restoring dysfunctional relationships is curative. But something important has been overlooked: the positives. Shouldn't making us happier, better people be explicit goals of therapy? Positive Psychotherapy: Workbook guides readers through a session-by-session therapeutic approach based on the principles of positive psychology, an exciting new area of study examining the factors that enable us to flourish. This workbook, designed to be used in conjunction with the accompanying clinician's manual, first explains what exactly positive psychotherapy is, exploring the important concepts of character strengths. What follows are 15 positive psychotherapy sessions, each complete with lessons, guidelines, skills, and worksheets for practicing positive psychology skills learned in session. Those interested in improving well-being through psychotherapy will find in Positive Psychotherapy a refreshing complement to other approaches, endowing readers with a sense of purpose and meaning that many have found lacking in more traditional therapies. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Feel Free Zadie Smith, 2018-02-08 WINNER OF THE NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD FOR CRITICISM 2019 From the MAN BOOKER PRIZE- and WOMEN'S PRIZE-SHORTLISTED author of Changing My Mind and Swing Time - discover a second unmissable collection of essays from Zadie Smith 'Generous, courageous, and tough-minded... [A] classic English essayist in the vein of Orwell, Woolf and Angela Carter' Financial Times 'Engrossing, astute... Should you read this brilliant book? Absolutely' Independent 'Generous and curious' Evening Standard 'Brilliant, lively and frequently hilarious... She's one of the brightest minds in English literature today' NPR No subject is too fringe or too mainstream for the unstoppable Zadie Smith. From social media to the environment, from Jay-Z to Karl Ove Knausgaard, she has boundless curiosity and the boundless wit to match. In Feel Free, pop culture, high culture, social change and political debate all get the Zadie Smith treatment, dissected with razor-sharp intellect, set brilliantly against the context of the utterly contemporary, and considered with a deep humanity and compassion. This electrifying new collection showcases its author as a true literary powerhouse, demonstrating once again her credentials as an essential voice of her generation. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs Gregory J. Boyle, Donald H. Saklofske, Gerald Matthews, 2014-09-04 Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs assists researchers and practitioners by identifying and reviewing the best scales/measures for a variety of constructs. Each chapter discusses test validity, reliability, and utility. Authors have focused on the most often used and cited scales/measures, with a particular emphasis on those published in recent years. Each scale is identified and described, the sample on which it was developed is summarized, and reliability and validity data are presented, followed by presentation of the scale, in full or in part, where such permission has been obtained. Measures fall into five broad groups. The emotional disposition section reviews measures of general affective tendencies, and/or cognitive dispositions closely linked to emotion. These measures include hope and optimism, anger and hostility, life satisfaction, self-esteem, confidence, and affect dimensions. Emotion regulation scales go beyond general dispositions to measure factors that may contribute to understanding and managing emotions. These measures include alexithymia, empathy, resiliency, coping, sensation seeking, and ability and trait emotional intelligence. The interpersonal styles section introduces some traditional social–psychological themes in the context of personality assessment. These measures include adult attachment, concerns with public image and social evaluation, and forgiveness. The vices and virtues section reflects adherence to moral standards as an individual characteristic shaped by sociocultural influences and personality. These measures include values and moral personality, religiosity, dark personalities (Machiavellianism,narcissism, and subclinical psychopathy), and perfectionism. The sociocultural interaction and conflict section addresses relationships between different groups and associated attitudes. These measures include cross-cultural values, personality and beliefs, intergroup contact, stereotyping and prejudice, attitudes towards sexual orientation, and personality across cultures. - Encompasses 25 different areas of psychology research - Each scale has validity, reliability info, info on test bias, etc - Multiple scales discussed for each construct - Discussion of which scales are appropriate in which circumstances and to what populations - Examples of scales included |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Positive Psychology in Practice Stephen Joseph, 2015-03-09 The best minds in positive psychology survey the state of the field Positive Psychology in Practice, Second Edition moves beyond the theoretical to show how positive psychology is being used in real-world settings, and the new directions emerging in the field. An international team of contributors representing the best and brightest in the discipline review the latest research, discuss how the findings are being used in practice, explore new ideas for application, and discuss focus points for future research. This updated edition contains new chapters that explore the intersection between positive psychology and humanistic psychology, salugenesis, hedonism, and eudaimonism, and more, with deep discussion of how the field is integrating with the new areas of self-help, life coaching, social work, rehabilitation psychology, and recovery-oriented service systems. This book explores the challenges and opportunities in the field, providing readers with the latest research and consensus on practical application. Get up to date on the latest research and practice findings Integrate positive psychology into assessments, life coaching, and other therapies Learn how positive psychology is being used in schools Explore possible directions for new research to push the field forward Positive psychology is being used in areas as diverse as clinical, counseling, forensic, health, educational, and industrial/organizational settings, in a wide variety of interventions and applications. Psychologists and other mental health professionals who want to promote human flourishing and well-being will find the second edition of Positive Psychology in Practice to be an informative, comprehensive guide. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Handbook of Positive Emotions Michele M. Tugade, Michelle N. Shiota, Leslie D. Kirby, 2016-02-12 This authoritative handbook reviews the breadth of current knowledge about positive emotions: their nature, functions, and consequences for individuals and society. Specific emotions are analyzed in depth, including happiness, pride, romantic love, compassion, gratitude, awe, challenge, and hope. Major theoretical perspectives are presented and cutting-edge research methods explained. The volume addresses neurobiological and physiological aspects of positive emotions as well as their social and intrapersonal contexts. Implications for physical health, coping, and psychopathology are explored, as are connections to organizational functioning and consumer behavior. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Beyond the Obvious Phil McKinney, 2012-02-07 The Killer Questions Your Company Should Be Asking Generating and executing great ideas is the key to staying ahead in a rapidly changing world. It seems so basic. Why is it so hard to actually get right? According to innovation expert Phil McKinney, the real problem is that we're teaching people to ask the wrong questions about their businesses--or none at all. There has to be a better way. In Beyond the Obvious, McKinney will help you use his proven FIRE (Focus, Ideation, Rank, Execution) Method to dig deeper and get back to asking the right questions--the ones all companies must ask to survive. Full of real-world examples, this book will change the way you operate, innovate, and create, and it all begins with battle-tested questions Phil has gathered on note cards throughout his career. Shared for the first time here, these Killer Questions include: What are the rules and assumptions my industry operates under? What if the opposite were true? What will be the buying criteria used by my customer in 5 years? What are my unshakable beliefs about what my customers want? Who uses my product in ways I never anticipated? These questions will reframe the way you see your products, your customers, and the way the two interact. Whether you're a company of thousands or a lean startup, Beyond the Obvious will give you the skills and easy-to-follow plan you need to make both the revolutionary changes and nuanced tweaks required for success. Praise for Beyond the Obvious Human beings are creatures of habit, so getting ourselves and our teams to think beyond the obvious is a challenge we face all the time. Phil McKinney is an innovation expert, and his killer questions and hit-the-spot anecdotes provide a great way to get out in front of opportunities we otherwise won't see. -- Geoffrey Moore, author of Crossing the Chasm and Escape Velocity I've always believed that asking the right questions is the essence of design. Phil McKinney proves that point with this wonderful set of killer questions that will jumpstart-or greatly enhance- your innovation efforts. -- B. Joseph Pine II, co-author, The Experience Economy & Infinite Possibility. Product Innovation is a prerequisite to building great brands. Phil's questions are a prerequisite to building innovative products. -- Satjiv S. Chahil, former global marketing chief, Apple |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: A Theory of Action Identification Robin R. Vallacher, Daniel M. Wegner, 2014-04-04 First published in 1985. A person may be caught in the midst of a patently ridiculous act, interrupted in a moment of apparent confusion, or even aroused from sleep, and yet respond to a query of What are you doing? with remarkable ease. The answer that is given is an identification of action. It is the central idea of this book that such action identifications perform pivotal functions in a broad range of psychological and social processes. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Role of Psychological Capital in Entrepreneurial Contexts Fu-Sheng Tsai, Karen Moustafa Leonard, Shalini Srivastava, 2021-01-21 |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Dare to Lead Brené Brown, 2018-10-11 In her #1 NYT bestsellers, Brené Brown taught us what it means to dare greatly, rise strong and brave the wilderness. Now, based on new research conducted with leaders, change makers and culture shifters, she’s showing us how to put those ideas into practice so we can step up and lead. Leadership is not about titles, status and power over people. Leaders are people who hold themselves accountable for recognising the potential in people and ideas, and developing that potential. This is a book for everyone who is ready to choose courage over comfort, make a difference and lead. When we dare to lead, we don't pretend to have the right answers; we stay curious and ask the right questions. We don't see power as finite and hoard it; we know that power becomes infinite when we share it and work to align authority and accountability. We don't avoid difficult conversations and situations; we lean into the vulnerability that’s necessary to do good work. But daring leadership in a culture that's defined by scarcity, fear and uncertainty requires building courage skills, which are uniquely human. The irony is that we're choosing not to invest in developing the hearts and minds of leaders at the same time we're scrambling to figure out what we have to offer that machines can't do better and faster. What can we do better? Empathy, connection and courage to start. Brené Brown spent the past two decades researching the emotions that give meaning to our lives. Over the past seven years, she found that leaders in organisations ranging from small entrepreneurial start-ups and family-owned businesses to non-profits, civic organisations and Fortune 50 companies, are asking the same questions: How do you cultivate braver, more daring leaders? And, how do you embed the value of courage in your culture? Dare to Lead answers these questions and gives us actionable strategies and real examples from her new research-based, courage-building programme. Brené writes, ‘One of the most important findings of my career is that courage can be taught, developed and measured. Courage is a collection of four skill sets supported by twenty-eight behaviours. All it requires is a commitment to doing bold work, having tough conversations and showing up with our whole hearts. Easy? No. Choosing courage over comfort is not easy. Worth it? Always. We want to be brave with our lives and work. It's why we're here.’ |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Positivity and Strengths-Based Approaches at Work Lindsay G. Oades, Michael Steger, Antonelle Delle Fave, Jonathan Passmore, 2020-01-07 A state-of-the-art psychological perspective on positivity and strengths-based approaches at work This handbook makes a unique contribution to organizational psychology and HRM by providing comprehensive international coverage of the contemporary field of positivity and strengths-based approaches at work. It provides critical reviews of key topics such as resilience, wellbeing, hope, motivation, flow, authenticity, positive leadership and engagement, drawing on the work of leading thinkers including Kim Cameron, Shane Lopez, Peter Clough and Robert Biswas-Diener. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Survival Karen O'Donnell, 2024-10-30 Trauma theology remains a rapidly growing field, considering as it does the impact that embodied experiences of trauma have on theological discourse. In this book, leading trauma theologian Karen O’Donnell turns her attention to the impact that trauma has on spiritual practice, and considers the ways that trauma might require a wholesale reimagining of spiritual practice into something more suitable and sustaining for trauma survivors. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Hope Rising Casey Gwinn, Chan Hellman, 2018-05-15 Learn to overcome trauma, adversity, and struggle by unleashing the science of hope in your daily life with this inspiring and informative guide. Hope is much more than wishful thinking. Science tells us that it is the most predictive indicator of well-being in a person’s life. Hope is measurable. It is malleable. And it changes lives. In Hope Rising, Casey Gwinn and Chan Hellman reveal the latest science of hope using nearly 2,000 published studies, including their own research. Based on their findings, they make an impassioned call for hope to be the focus not only of our personal lives, but of public policy for education, business, social services, and every part of society. Hope Rising provides a roadmap to measure hope in your life. It teaches you to assess what may have robbed you of hope, and then provides strategies to let your hope flourish once again. The authors challenge every reader to be honest about their own struggles and end the cycle of shame and blame related to trauma, illness, and abuse. These are important first steps toward increasing your Hope score—and thriving because of it. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Positive Psychology in Sport and Physical Activity Abbe Brady, Bridget Grenville-Cleave, 2017-10-16 Positive psychology (PP) is a fast-developing area of research that emphasises personal growth and the positive qualities of life. This is the first book to apply the principles and practice of PP to sport and physical activity. In attempting to help people enjoy sport, sport psychology has paradoxically often focused on topics such as anxiety, stress and burnout. By contrast, this reader-friendly introduction to PP shows how it can improve sporting performance while also enhancing physical and mental well-being. Demonstrating the practical relevance of PP for all those who participate in sport and physical activity at any level, it covers a variety of topics including: passion, enjoyment and flow positive pedagogy and appreciative inquiry for sport leaders, coaches and teachers gratitude, mindfulness, optimism and hope positive psychology coaching for sport leaders and practitioners character strengths, growth mindset and resilience. With expert contributors from around the globe, real-life case studies, practical strategies and suggestions for future research in every chapter, this book is inspirational reading for all students, coaches, researchers and practitioners with an interest in sport and exercise psychology, mental health and well-being. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Authentic Happiness Martin Seligman, 2011-01-11 An international bestseller, Authentic Happiness launched the revolutionary new science of Positive Psychology and sparked a coast-to-coast debate on the nature of real happiness. A practical map for a flourishing life. Daniel Goleman, bestselling author of Emotional Intelligence In this groundbreaking, heart-lifting book, internationally esteemed psychologist and bestselling author, Martin Seligman, shows that happiness is not the result of good genes or luck - it can be learned and cultivated. Real, lasting happiness comes from focusing on your personal strengths rather than weaknesses and working with them to improve all aspects of your life. Using practical exercises and brief tests he shows you how to identify your greatest strengths and virtues and use them in ways you haven't yet considered. By calling on your signature strengths, you will not only develop natural buffers against misfortune and negative emotion, but also improve the world around you - at work, in love and in raising children - achieving new and sustainable contentment, joy and meaning. Accessible and proven, Authentic Happiness is the most powerful work of popular psychology in years. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Positive Psychological Assessment Matthew W. Gallagher, Shane J. Lopez, 2019 This book is a primer for practitioners and researchers striving to incorporate the assessment of human strengths, resources, and fulfillment into their work. Contributors examine the scientific underpinnings and practical applications of measures of hope, optimism, self-efficacy, problem-solving, locus of control, creativity, wisdom, courage, positive emotion, self-esteem, love, emotional intelligence, empathy, attachment, forgiveness, humor, gratitude, faith, morality, coping, well-being, and quality of life. Vocational and multicultural applications of positive psychological assessment are also discussed, as is the measurement of contextual variables that may facilitate the development or enhancement of human strengths. This second edition includes a fully-updated research base, and extensive case studies that offer concrete examples of how clinical readers can use these tools in their practice. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Powered by Hope, Positivity, and Optimism Ekram Haque, 2018-09-12 The prevalence of evil has clouded our vision and our judgment, causing us to sink in despair. We are unable to see that there is also good in this world. We are forgetting to be hopeful, positive, and optimistic. This book demonstrates that the good is more powerful than the evil, no matter how prevalent the latter is. It implores us to never stop hoping, thinking positive, and being optimistic in the face of despair and evil. And it reminds us that religion, science, and our own innate nature testify to the power of hope, positivity, and optimism. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: The Dark Womb Karen O'Donnell, 2022-02-28 The experience of reproductive loss raises a series of profoundly theological questions: how can God have a plan for my life? Why didn’t God answer my prayers? How can I have hope after such an experience? Who am I after such a loss? Sadly, these are questions that, along with reproductive loss, have largely been ignored in theology. Karen O’Donnell tackles these questions head on, drawing on her own experiences of repeated reproductive loss as she re-conceives theology from the perspective of the miscarrying person. Offering a fresh, original, and creative approach to theology, O’Donnell explores the complexity of the miscarrying body and its potential for theological revelation. She offers a re-conception of theologies of providence, prayer, hope, and the body as she reimagines theology out of these messy origins. This book is for those who have experiences such losses and those who minister to them. But it is also for all those who want to encounter a creative and imaginative approach to theology and the life of faith in our messy, complex world. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Handbook of Positive Psychology C. R. Snyder, Shane J. Lopez, 2001-12-20 Psychology has long been enamored of the dark side of human existence, rarely exploring a more positive view of the mind. What has psychology contributed, for example, to our understanding of the various human virtues? Regrettably, not much. The last decade, however, has witnessed a growing movement to abandon the exclusive focus on the negative. Psychologists from several subdisciplines are now asking an intriguing question: What strengths does a person employ to deal effectively with life? The Handbook of Positive Psychology provides a forum for a more positive view of the human condition. In its pages, readers are treated to an analysis of what the foremost experts believe to be the fundamental strengths of humankind. Both seasoned professionals and students just entering the field are eager to grasp the power and vitality of the human spirit as it faces a multitude of life challenges. The Handbook is the first systematic attempt to bring together leading scholars to give voice to the emerging field of positive psychology. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Character Strengths and Virtues Christopher Peterson, Martin E. P. Seligman, 2004-04-08 Character has become a front-and-center topic in contemporary discourse, but this term does not have a fixed meaning. Character may be simply defined by what someone does not do, but a more active and thorough definition is necessary, one that addresses certain vital questions. Is character a singular characteristic of an individual, or is it composed of different aspects? Does character--however we define it--exist in degrees, or is it simply something one happens to have? How can character be developed? Can it be learned? Relatedly, can it be taught, and who might be the most effective teacher? What roles are played by family, schools, the media, religion, and the larger culture? This groundbreaking handbook of character strengths and virtues is the first progress report from a prestigious group of researchers who have undertaken the systematic classification and measurement of widely valued positive traits. They approach good character in terms of separate strengths-authenticity, persistence, kindness, gratitude, hope, humor, and so on-each of which exists in degrees. Character Strengths and Virtues classifies twenty-four specific strengths under six broad virtues that consistently emerge across history and culture: wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence. Each strength is thoroughly examined in its own chapter, with special attention to its meaning, explanation, measurement, causes, correlates, consequences, and development across the life span, as well as to strategies for its deliberate cultivation. This book demands the attention of anyone interested in psychology and what it can teach about the good life. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Hope in the Age of Anxiety Anthony Scioli, Henry Biller, 2009-09-03 Economic collapse, poverty, disease, natural disasters, the constant threat of community unrest and international terrorism--a quick look at any newspaper is enough to cause almost anyone to feel trapped and desperate. Yet the recent election also revealed a growing search for hope spreading through society. In the timely Hope in the Age of Anxiety, Anthony Scioli and Henry Biller illuminate the nature of hope and offer a multitude of techniques designed to improve the lives of individuals, and bring more light into the world. In this fascinating and humane book, Scioli and Biller reveal the ways in which human beings acquire and make use of hope. Hope in the Age of Anxiety is meant to be a definitive guide. The evolutionary, biological, and cultural roots of hope are covered along with the seven kinds of hope found in the world's religions. Just as vital, the book provides many personal tools for addressing the major challenges of the human condition: fear, loss, illness, and death. Some of the key areas illuminated in Hope in the Age of Anxiety: How do you build and sustain hope in trying times? How can hope help you to achieve your life goals? How can hope improve your relationships with others? How can hope aid your recovery from trauma or illness? How does hope relate to spirituality? Hope in the Age of Anxiety identifies the skills needed to cultivate hope, and offers suggestions for using these capacities to realize your life goals, support health and healing, strengthen relationships, enhance spirituality, and inoculate yourself against the despair that engulfs many individuals. |
| difference between hope and optimism in psychology: Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge Fred Luthans, Carolyn M. Youssef, Bruce J. Avolio, 2006-08-04 Although there are as many answers to the question of how organizations can gain competitive advantage in today's global economy as there are books and experts, one lesson seems very clear: traditional answers and resources are no longer sufficient. This seminal book offers not only an answer regarding how to gain competitive advantage through people, but also a brand new, untapped human resource--psychological capital, or simply PsyCap. Generated from both the positive psychology movement and the authors' pioneering work on positive organizational behavior, PsyCap goes beyond traditionally recognized human and social capital. But PsyCap is not a vague or unscientific concept: to be included in PsyCap, a given positive construct must be based on theory, research, and valid measurement, must be open to development, and must have measurable performance impact. The positive constructs that have been determined to best meet these PsyCap criteria, efficacy (confidence), hope, optimism, and resiliency, are covered in separate chapters in Psychological Capital. After exploring other potential positive constructs such as creativity, wisdom, well being, flow, humor, gratitude, forgiveness, emotional intelligence, spirituality, authenticity, and courage, the authors summarize the research demonstrating the performance impact of PsyCap. They go on to provide the PsyCap Questionnaire (PCQ) as a measurement tool, and the PsyCap Intervention (PCI) as a development aid. Utility analysis indicates that investing in the development of PsyCap as presented in this book can result in a very substantial return. In total, Psychological Capital provides theory, research, measurements, and methods of application for the new resource of psychological capital, a resource that can be developed and sustained for competitive advantage. |
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The difference between two things is the way in which they are unlike each other.
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Measurement of optimism/ Scales LOT- Revised (LOT-R): Alpha coefficient .78; test-retest correlation .68-.79 for intercals of 4 to 28 months. Factor struture : Varying results y Scheier et …
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Optimism, a fundamental component of psychology, has a rich and diverse history spanning many academic fields. Optimism has always been connected to philosophical concepts. For …
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measures of hope and optimism before being randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Results showed that hope, but not optimism, predicted specific expectancies in the …
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Hope, Optimism, and Loneliness among First-Year College Students with Learning Disabilities: A Brief Longitudinal Study Emerging adulthood is a phase of life between adolescence and full …
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between hope and future expectancies and sustain that the differences between hope and optimism are of a more substantial nature. The present study investigates the distinction …
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psychology movement and highlight the importance of rigorous scientific processes in developing their practices (Donaldson & Ko, 2010). ... optimism, hope and resilience" POB has proposed …
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Mar 21, 2020 · Psychological well-being has strongly influenced positive psychology over the last ten years, due to its prominent ... and contentment with the past, has a meaningful life and …
Hope and Optimism - ResearchGate
Hope and optimism both involve positive expectations about the future, but only optimism is defined strictly in these terms. Optimism is the extent to which individuals expect desired
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hope involves a reciprocal action between efficacy expectancies (i.e., agency) and outcome expectancies (i.e., pathways; Snyder et al., 1991). Averill et al. (1990) suggested that the …
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Unit 10 Hope and Optimism 167 Unit 11 Flow and Mindfulness 183 BLOCK IV APPLICATIONS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Unit 12 Stress Management and Post Traumatic Growth 207 ...
A Study of Optimism and Self Esteem in Relation to …
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and values shaped the field of psychology as we know it today in the United States, it is not sur-prising that the origins of positive psychology have focused more on the values and …
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TYBA Psychology Department SNDT Women’s University Abstract: This research paper investigates the correlation between hope, resilience, and happiness among young adults. At …
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Optimism as a predictor of the effects of laboratory-induced stress on fears and hope Shaul Kimhi, Yohanan Eshel, and Eldad Shahar Department of Psychology, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, …
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optimism, and self‐determination (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Subjective well‐being refers to what people think and feel about their lives. Subjective well‐being is a scientific term …
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higher overall GPA. A high degree of hope also accounted for significant variance in predicting students’ self-perceived graduation. By contrast, optimism was found to be a relevant …
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they had no hope of survival while residents of the Lodz Ghetto remained optimistic. These differing perceptions seem to have led to the different outcomes. Possible causes of these …
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such as happiness and flow experiences; (3) the future, with concepts including optimism and hope. Not only does positive psychology distinguish between wellbeing across time points but …
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the present study, we speculated that hope, a broader cognitive-motivational state, might account for the mechanism underlying the self-compassion–life satisfaction relationship. 1.2. Hope as a …
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capabilities, including confidence, hope, optimism and resilience (Northouse, 2013). Moral reasoning is used by authentic leaders as a compass that guides their actions and behaviors …
i.e.: inquiry in education
Positive psychology is a field of psychology that is effective in many areas, such as making sense of life, increasing the effectiveness of one’s personal life, and providing individual happiness …
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difference between emotions and their vague simulacra. Pastoral staff and counselors can use the insights and guidance in this book to usher people under their care through experiences that …
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atthe outset. The term ‘optimism’is used in diverseways in various contexts, and not all of them are reviewed here. This review does not discuss contextualized (goal-specific) optimism [6], …
Relationship between Happiness, Life Satisfaction, and Well …
Positive psychology is the study of positive experiences, positive traits, and positive institutions (Seligman, 2019). The identification of positive emotions is a huge aspect of positive …
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panions are confident that hope can lead to good things and that un-derstanding hope is worth the effort. The most promising connections between Christian theology and positive psychology on …
What is This Hope?: Insights from Christian Theology and …
panions are confident that hope can lead to good things and that un-derstanding hope is worth the effort. The most promising connections between Christian theology and positive psychology on …
Coping, Optimism and Patience in Psychology and Non
relationship between coping, optimism and patience and to explore the difference in these three on the basis of chosen subject. The sample consisted of 100 students ranging from the age of …
Planning and projecting critical human resource needs: the
(2003) identified hope as a positive emotion reflecting a degree of an expected benefit resulting from an evaluation of a particular situation. Hope consists of having affective and cognitive …
Planning and projecting critical human resource needs: the
(2003) identified hope as a positive emotion reflecting a degree of an expected benefit resulting from an evaluation of a particular situation. Hope consists of having affective and cognitive …
The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior
as confidence, hope, optimism, happiness, and resiliency. This positive psychology movement seemed to have considerable relevance to the workplace and potentially may have the type of …
Optimism: Enduring resource or miscalibrated perception?
optimism also have better mental health and consistently report fewer depressive symptoms than those low in optimism (Achat et al., 2000; Giltay, Zitman, et al., 2006). Optimists also …
