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| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 1999 Evaluates evidence for an increased risk of cancer in women using combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives, post-menopausal estrogen therapy, and post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy. Although the carcinogenicity of these preparations has been extensively investigated, the book stresses the many complex methodological issues that must be considered when interpreting findings and weighing results. Evidence of an association between use of these preparations and positive effects on health, including a reduced risk of some cancers, is also critically assessed. The first and most extensive monograph evaluates evidence of an association between the use of combined oral contraceptives and cancer at nine sites. Concerning breast cancer, the evaluation concludes that, even if the association is causal, the excess risk for breast cancer associated with patterns of use that are typical today is very small. Studies of predominantly high-dose preparations found an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of hepatitis viruses. Citing these findings, the evaluation concludes that there is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of combined oral contraceptives. The evaluation also found sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of some, but not all, combined preparations in animals. Combined oral contraceptives were classified as carcinogenic to humans. The evaluation also cites conclusive evidence that these agents have a protective effect against cancers of the ovary and endometrium. Progestogen-only contraceptives are evaluated in the second monograph, which considers the association with cancer at six sites. The evaluation found no evidence of an increased risk for breast cancer. Although the evaluation found sufficient evidence in animals for the carcinogenicity of medroxyprogesterone acetate, evidence for the carcinogenicity of progestogen-only contraceptives in humans was judged inadequate. Progestogen-only contraceptives were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The third monograph, on post-menopausal estrogen therapy, considers evidence of an association with cancer at eight sites. Findings from a large number of epidemiological studies indicate a small increase in the risk of breast cancer in women who have used these preparations for five years or more. Studies consistently show an association between use of post-menopausal estrogen therapy and an increased risk for endometrial cancer. Data on the association with other cancers were either inconclusive or suggested no effect on risk. The evaluation concludes that post-menopausal estrogen therapy is carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph evaluates the association between the use of post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy and cancer at four sites. The evaluation of limited data on breast cancer found an increased relative risk observed with long-term use. Data were judged insufficient to assess the effects of past use and of different progestogen compounds, doses, and treatment schedules. For endometrial cancer, the evaluation found an increase in risk relative to non-users when the progestogen was added to the cycle for 10 days or fewer. Post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Concerning post-menopausal therapy in general, the book notes that evidence of carcinogenic risks must be placed in perspective of potential benefits. The prevention of osteoporotic fractures is cited as the best-established benefit. Evidence also suggests that estrogen prevents heart disease and may prevent memory loss and dementia. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use World Health Organization. Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, World Health Organization. Family and Community Health, 2005 This document is one of two evidence-based cornerstones of the World Health Organization's (WHO) new initiative to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines for family planning. The first cornerstone, the Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use (third edition) published in 2004, provides guidance for who can use contraceptive methods safely. This document, the Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use (second edition), provides guidance for how to use contraceptive methods safely and effectively once they are deemed to be medically appropriate. The recommendations contained in this document are the product of a process that culminated in an expert Working Group meeting held at the World Health Organization, Geneva, 13-16 April 2004. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Clinical Biochemistry William J. Marshall, S. K. Bangert, 2008-01-01 Now fully revised and updated, Clinical Biochemistry, third edition is essential reading for specialty trainees, particularly those preparing for postgraduate examinations. It is also an invaluable current reference for all established practitioners, including both medical and scientist clinical biochemists. Building on the success of previous editions, this leading textbook primarily focuses on clinical aspects of the subject, giving detailed coverage of all conditions where clinical biochemistry is used in diagnosis and management - including nutritional disorders, diabetes, inherited metabolic disease, metabolic bone disease, renal calculi and dyslipidaemias. The acquisition and interpretation of clinical biochemical data are also discussed in detail. Expanded sections on haematology and immunology for clinical biochemists provide a thorough understanding of both laboratory and clinical aspects New chapters are included on important evolving areas such as the metabolic response to stress, forensic aspects of clinical biochemistry and data quality management An extended editorial team - including three expert new additions - ensures accuracy of information and relevance to current curricula and clinical practice A superb new accompanying electronic version provides an enhanced learning experience and rapid reference anytime, anywhere! Elsevier ExpertConsult.com Enhanced eBooks for medical professionals Compatible with PC, Mac®, most mobile devices and eReaders, browse, search, and interact with this title - online and offline. Redeem your PIN at expertconsult.com today! Straightforward navigation and search across all Elsevier titles Seamless, real-time integration between devices Adjustable text size and brightness Notes and highlights sharing with other users through social media Interactive content |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use , 2010 Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use reviews the medical eligibility criteria for use of contraception, offering guidance on the safety and use of different methods for women and men with specific characteristics or known medical conditions. The recommendations are based on systematic reviews of available clinical and epidemiological research. It is a companion guideline to Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use. Together, these documents are intended to be used by policy-makers, program managers, and the scientific community to support national programs in the preparation of service delivery guidelines. The fourth edition of this useful resource supersedes previous editions, and has been fully updated and expanded. It includes over 86 new recommendations and 165 updates to recommendations in the previous edition. Guidance for populations with special needs is now provided, and a new annex details evidence on drug interactions from concomitant use of antiretroviral therapies and hormonal contraceptives. To assist users familiar with the third edition, new and updated recommendations are highlighted. Everyone involved in providing family planning services and contraception should have the fourth edition of Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use at hand. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: The Immunoassay Handbook David Wild, 2013-01-21 The fourth edition of The Immunoassay Handbook provides an excellent, thoroughly updated guide to the science, technology and applications of ELISA and other immunoassays, including a wealth of practical advice. It encompasses a wide range of methods and gives an insight into the latest developments and applications in clinical and veterinary practice and in pharmaceutical and life science research. Highly illustrated and clearly written, this award-winning reference work provides an excellent guide to this fast-growing field. Revised and extensively updated, with over 30% new material and 77 chapters, it reveals the underlying common principles and simplifies an abundance of innovation. The Immunoassay Handbook reviews a wide range of topics, now including lateral flow, microsphere multiplex assays, immunohistochemistry, practical ELISA development, assay interferences, pharmaceutical applications, qualitative immunoassays, antibody detection and lab-on-a-chip. This handbook is a must-read for all who use immunoassay as a tool, including clinicians, clinical and veterinary chemists, biochemists, food technologists, environmental scientists, and students and researchers in medicine, immunology and proteomics. It is an essential reference for the immunoassay industry. Provides an excellent revised guide to this commercially highly successful technology in diagnostics and research, from consumer home pregnancy kits to AIDS testing.www.immunoassayhandbook.com is a great resource that we put a lot of effort into. The content is designed to encourage purchases of single chapters or the entire book. David Wild is a healthcare industry veteran, with experience in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, medical devices and immunodiagnostics, which remains his passion. He worked for Amersham, Eastman-Kodak, Johnson & Johnson, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, and consulted for diagnostics and biotechnology companies. He led research and development programs, design and construction of chemical and biotechnology plants, and integration of acquired companies. Director-level positions included Research and Development, Design Engineering, Operations and Strategy, for billion dollar businesses. He retired from full-time work in 2012 to focus on his role as Editor of The Immunoassay Handbook, and advises on product development, manufacturing and marketing. - Provides a unique mix of theory, practical advice and applications, with numerous examples - Offers explanations of technologies under development and practical insider tips that are sometimes omitted from scientific papers - Includes a comprehensive troubleshooting guide, useful for solving problems and improving assay performancee - Provides valuable chapter updates, now available on www.immunoassayhandbook.com |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries, 2011-02-27 In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. In addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Contraception and Reproduction Working Group on the Health Consequences of Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility, 1989 Se estudian las consecuencias sanitarias de los diferentes patrones reproductivos en la salud de la mujer y de los niños. Tambien se evaluan el riesgo y los beneficios de los diferentes metodos anticonceptivos, aunque algunos de los datos en los que se basa son de paises desarrollados, el nucleo central del informe son los paises en desarrollo. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Clinical Gynecology Eric J. Bieber, Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Ira R. Horowitz, Mahmood I. Shafi, 2015-04-23 Written with the busy practice in mind, this book delivers clinically focused, evidence-based gynecology guidance in a quick-reference format. It explores etiology, screening, tests, diagnosis, and treatment for a full range of gynecologic health issues. The coverage includes the full range of gynecologic malignancies, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, infectious diseases, urogynecologic problems, gynecologic concerns in children and adolescents, and surgical interventions including minimally invasive surgical procedures. Information is easy to find and absorb owing to the extensive use of full-color diagrams, algorithms, and illustrations. The new edition has been expanded to include aspects of gynecology important in international and resource-poor settings. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: The Menopausal Transition Claudio N. Soares, Michelle P. Warren, 2009-01-01 The interplay of hormones, health and behavior across the female life cycle, especially during the menopausal transition, poses a special challenge to health care professionals.Written by experts, this book brings together the knowledge gained on the menopausal transition from clinical experience and medical research. Topics like 'what to expect' from the menopausal transition, sexuality, sociocultural changes, impact of life stressors, and emergence of depression are discussed. The physiology of thermoregulation and the occurrence of hot flashes are reviewed for a better understanding of vasomotor complaints. Another chapter offers an update on hormonal and nonhormonal treatment strategies by presenting an overview of the management of mood and anxiety during the menopausal transition. The emergence of psychotic symptoms associated with peri- and postmenopausal changes in sex hormone levels is also addressed. Lastly, the book includes an excellent review on the pros and cons of hormonal therapy in the post-Women's Health Initiative era. This book is a must for gynecologists, psychiatrists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists involved in the clinical care of mature women as well as researchers and students interested in obtaining an up-to-date overview of this topic. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Female Reproductive Dysfunction Felice Petraglia, Bart C. Fauser, 2020-05-29 Written by leading international specialists, this book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of endocrine-based female reproductive disorders. Particularly focusing on the Hypothalamus – Pituitary – Ovary (HPO) axis as the main driver of reproduction in women, it discusses amenorrhea; chronic anovulation and polycystic ovary syndrome as the most common dysfunctions of the HPO axis; endocrine diseases as possible impacts on the HPO axis; uterine disorders related to estrogen/progesterone; and the impact of endometriosis and uterine fibroids on reproduction. It also addresses infertility and menopause as hormone-related disorders in women and endocrine changes during pregnancy and lactation, and in breast disorders. The book is intended as a major reference for endocrinologists, gynecologists, and obstetricians, as well as basic and clinical scientists. It is published as part of the SpringerReference program, which provides access to live editions constantly updated through a dynamic peer-review publishing process. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease A.R. Genazzani, 2001-05-15 This is a high-level, clinical reference by world-class specialists on the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Specific chapters cover pulsed estrogen therapy with Aerodiol and cardiovascular risk assessment in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies such as Livial (tibolone). This volume is based on the formal presentations and subsequent discussions that took place at the International Menopause Society specially convened Expert Workshop on Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease, London, UK, October 13-16, 2000. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: When Cancer Crosses Disciplines Monica Robotin, Ian N. Olver, Afaf Girgis, 2009 Ever wondered if your patient's new symptoms are a manifestation of metastatic disease, treatment effects or are altogether unrelated to the cancer diagnosis; whether herbal remedies interact with cancer treatment; when to refer for genetic testing; or how to provide informed advice regarding dietary and lifestyle modifications? This volume answers these and many other questions, spanning from cancer prevention to palliative care. Each chapter is comprehensively referenced, to allow the reader to explore related fields in more detail. The book is unique in summarizing a large amount of information that is beyond conventional oncology textbooks. While cancer is treated by multidisciplinary teams of medical oncologists, hematologists, surgeons and radiation oncologists, other specialists are called upon to treat symptoms, side effects or other diseases that can occur concurrently with cancer. In addition to the physical challenges brought about by a cancer diagnosis, patients and their relatives need sensitive and skilled psychosocial support throughout the cancer journey. The book brings together specialists from a wide range of medical, surgical, psychological and supportive specialties, while keeping the focus on the interdisciplinary management of cancer. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Hepatotoxicity Hyman J. Zimmerman, 1999 Written by the foremost authority in the field, this volume is a comprehensive review of the multifaceted phenomenon of hepatotoxicity. Dr. Zimmerman examines the interface between chemicals and the liver; the latest research in experimental hepatotoxicology; the hepatotoxic risks of household, industrial, and environmental chemicals; and the adverse effects of drugs on the liver. This thoroughly revised, updated Second Edition features a greatly expanded section on the wide variety of drugs that can cause liver injury. For quick reference, an appendix lists these medications and their associated hepatic injuries. Also included are in-depth discussions of drug metabolism and factors affecting susceptibility to liver injury. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Basic Knowledge of Pharmacology Roland Seifert, 2019-07-19 This is the perfect pharmacology textbook for medical and pharmacy students. The book was developed on the +30-year experience of the author as pharmacology professor in the United States and Germany. The book discusses the most important drugs (400) in the context of relevant diseases. Summary tables and schemes, MCQ exam questions, case studies and a list of drugs aid memorization of the material before an exam. All chapters are written in the same concise style and use a modern and precise pharmacological nomenclature. After reading of the book, the student will be able to critically assess the proper use of the most important drugs and advise patients properly. The didactic concept of the book has been developed on the author’s own pharmacology courses for which he has received numerous teaching awards. The book takes advantage of the learning spiral, in which material is presented repeatedly from various angles. This book is an adaptation for an international audience of the German textbook “Basiswissen Pharmakologie” (2018); ISBN: 978-3-662-56303-8. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Women's Health in Clinical Practice Amy Lynn Clouse, Katherine Sherif, 2010-01-01 This book clearly elucidates many of the key issues found in the disparate literature on sex-based differences in health and illness. It provides primary care clinicians with a practical, up-to-date source of information that can lead to optimal, targeted care for women. Among the topics examined in this comprehensive volume are treating and preventing osteoporosis, diabetes, cervical cancer, eating disorders, and more. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Drug-Induced Liver Injury , 2019-07-13 Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Volume 85, the newest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents a variety of chapters from the best authors in the field. Chapters in this new release include Cell death mechanisms in DILI, Mitochondria in DILI, Primary hepatocytes and their cultures for the testing of drug-induced liver injury, MetaHeps an alternate approach to identify IDILI, Autophagy and DILI, Biomarkers and DILI, Regeneration and DILI, Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Mechanisms of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury, the Evaluation and Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicity, and much more. - Includes the authority and expertise of leading contributors in pharmacology - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Pharmacology series |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception , 1998 Evaluates the strength and significance of evidence linking use of combined oral contraceptives to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Recommendations and conclusions reflect the consensus reached by a group of scientists, including researchers directly involved in several recent large-scale investigations of cardiovascular disease and hormone contraception. The experts also considered evidence that other factors, such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, age, and family history, might influence the risk of cardiovascular disease in users of combined oral contraceptives. In view of major recent changes in the hormonal content of these contraceptives and the prescribing patterns of providers, the assessment concentrates on data collected after 1980. The experts also aimed to determine whether the risk of disease is influenced by the estrogen or progestogen content of different preparations. To facilitate the comparison and interpretation of study results, the report opens with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the different epidemiological approaches used to assess the safety of steroid contraceptives. Also discussed is the important distinction between the use of relative risk to examine epidemiological associations and the use of absolute risk to examine clinical importance. Against this background, the main part of the report examines the strength of evidence linking steroid contraceptives to an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Studies of combined oral contraceptives and progestogen-only contraceptives are considered separately for each disease. An effort is also made to determine whether conclusions, based on studies conducted in industrialized countries, are also valid for women living in the developing world. The assessment of findings from epidemiological studies is complemented by a review of possible biological explanations for the effects of combined oral contraceptives on cardiovascular functions. On the basis of all available evidence, the report concludes that mortality rates from cardiovascular disease are extremely low among women of reproductive age and that the added risk of using steroid contraceptives is also very low in users who do not smoke or have other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A final section places these risks in perspective and offers balanced advice useful to providers of family planning when helping women to make informed choices about the use of hormonal contraceptives. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Sexual Chemistry Lara Marks, 2001-01-01 Traces the scientific origins of birth control pills and discusses how they contributed to the sexual revolution and how they have helped curb global over-population. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Progesterone and Progestins C. Wayne Bardin, Edwin Milgröm, P. Mauvais-Jarvis, 1983 |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Body Composition and Physical Performance Institute of Medicine, Committee on Military Nutrition Research, 1992-02-01 This book surveys the entire field of body composition as it relates to performance. It includes a clear definition of terminology and a discussion of the various methods for measuring body composition. The authored papers represent a state-of-the-art review of this controversial field and address questions such as: What is a better measure of body compositionâ€body fat or lean body mass? Does being overweight for one's height really affect performance? The book also addresses the issue of physical appearance as it relates to body fatness and performance. It includes an in-depth discussion of many of the topics of interest to those involved in sports medicine and exercise physiology. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Encyclopedic Reference of Molecular Pharmacology Stefan Offermanns, Walter Rosenthal, 2004 Presents current information on the molecular mechanisms of drug action. Provides 159 essays describing groups of drugs and drug targets. Several essays deal with general principles of pharmacology, such as drug tolerance, drug addiction, or drug metabolism. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Current Contraceptive Status Among Women Aged 15-44;: United States, 2011-2013 Kimberly Daniels, 2014 |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Contraceptive Use by Method 2019 United Nations, 2020-01-10 This data booklet highlights estimates of the prevalence of individual contraceptive methods based on the World Contraceptive Use 2019 (which draws from 1,247 surveys for 195 countries or areas of the world) and additional tabulations obtained from microdata sets and survey reports. The estimates are presented for female and male sterilisation, intrauterine device (IUD), implant, injectable, pill, male condom, withdrawal, rhythm and other methods combined. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Behavioral Endocrinology Lisa L. M. Welling, Todd Kennedy Shackelford, 2019 Although most will be at least somewhat familiar with the biological role hormones play during puberty and pregnancy, many are likely unaware that hormones - chemical messengers that are secreted by cells and that travel through the body to reach specialized receptors - impact multiple aspects of our lives from conception onward. Behavioral endocrinology and evolutionary psychology are complementary disciplines wherein scholars seek to understand human behavior. Evolutionary psychologists contend that human psychology and behavior are functional outcomes of natural and sexual selection pressures encountered in the ancestral environment. In this view, selection pressures designed adaptations of the mind and body, which produce behavior through a variety of psychological, neurological, and physiological mechanisms. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: The Benefits and Risks of Oral Contraceptives Today James O. Drife, 1996 This is the new edition of Professor James Owen Drife's elegantly illustrated, full-color, large-format booklet explaining the true modern-day risks and benefits of low-dose combined oral contraceptives. It cites over 70 medical and scientific references in presenting up-to-date information that often disagrees with early studies and with reports in the lay press. It also documents the non-contraceptive benefits of the pill-benefits that have received little publicity but are important to women's health. The book's five main sections cover human fertility and contraceptives, the clinical pharmacology of oral contraceptives, and their risks, benefits, and controversies. Color photographs and figures highlight the key points of each chapter to help make this an exceptionally readable and informative work for physicians and their patients. Though lavishly produced, the book is priced low for consumers. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Modern Oral Contraception Melinda Wallach, David A. Grimes, Ernie J. Chaney, 2000 |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression Gustavo H. Vazquez, Carlos A. Zarate, Elisa Brietzke, 2020-09-16 Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Neurobiology and Applications provides a simple, evidence-based overview for neuropsychiatrists and translational researchers on this medication, its mechanisms of actions, eligibility of patients for treatment, and the preparation and implementation of ketamine clinics. - Provides efficacy research on ketamine as a treatment for depression - Identifies best practices for clinical use, both long-term and acute - Discusses the molecular mechanisms and neurobiology of action |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: The Menopause David H. Barlow, David Hearnshaw Barlow, 1996 Covering the key issues of the menopause, this text deals with such topics as: the menopausal transition; the uterus and the menopause; the menopause and the skeleton; hormone replacement therapy - present and future; and the urogenital effects of the menopause. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: HPV and Cancer James A. Radosevich, 2012-12-14 “HPV and Cancer” is a concise read that covers all aspects of the Human Papilloma Virus as it relates to human cancers. While written by professionals, it design to be understandable by those that are not in the field, yet it has the technical details that professionals want to stay abreast of this changing field. The book starts out the history of HPV and progresses into the molecular biology of the virus and our current understand of the structure and functions of the proteins and genes it encodes. We then look at the dynamic trends of this infectious agent in the human population, how it interacts with human cells, and the role it plays with other organisms to produce both benign and malignant tumors. Lastly, there is a discussion about a new vaccine for HPV and the hopes that are held by many to change the trends with this virus and the associated cancers it produces. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman Rogerio A. Lobo, 2007-06-05 For anyone who treats postmenopausal women, this latest edition of Rogerio Lobo's classic work combines the best from two well-known references: Menopause, and the second edition of Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman. By adding significant discussions of the basic science behind menopause, it is possible to objectively assess the clinical value and limitations of current approaches to treatment and provide a basis and rationale for strategies that will result in better individualized and specialized care. Not only does the third edition discuss diagnosis and treatment of menopause but it covers biological, anatomical, physiological, pathobiological, and pharmacological aspects as well bringing together, in one source, all of the information needed to understand and treat postmenopausal conditions. Over 50% new material representing the vast amount of information available since the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials were completed making this the most up-to-date reference on postmenopausal women Includes several new sections on comparisons between clinical trials and observational data, urology, and pelvic support Each section is preceded by a preface to put the area into context with many chapters having suggested treatment regimens |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Use of Contraception and Use of Family Planning Services in the United States, 1982-2002 , 2004 |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Handbook of Child and Adolescent Sexuality Daniel S. Bromberg, William T. O'Donohue, 2013-01-28 Adolescent and child sexuality is studied by developmental psychologists from a research perspective and is of interest to forensic psychologists dealing with abuse and custody issues as well as rape cases. In many cases, it is of interest whether the child in question was sexually active to understand the extent to which an underage minor might have voluntarily participated in sexual activity as opposed to having been coerced. Previously, researchers interested in the applications of their research needed to look to separate books, and forensic specialists needed to look to development books to find the information they may have needed. This handbook provides both audiences with the related information they need. - Encompasses normative behavior and clinical disorders in one source - Applies the information on development and behavior to forensic issues - Provides treatment information on sexual disorders in children - Provides information on children and adolescents in one volume |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Office Practice of Neurology Martin A. Samuels, Steven K. Feske, 2003 This comprehensive text is the perfect clinical resource, offering quick access to all of the information needed to provide out-patient neurologic care. It focuses on the common and chronic problems that require long-term management, and provides step-by-step guidance on the decision-making process. Readers will find an expanded section on multiple sclerosis as well as updated and revised information in every section, including all of the latest studies and their results. Plus, a table at the beginning of each chapter summarizes the authors' approaches to diagnosis and management. Features contributions from more than 200 authors, representing a wide spectrum of specialists in neurology and related fields. Covers the major problems that any practicing neurologist might encounter, including those that may be rare. Presents a wealth of useful clinical information with enough comprehensive coverage on the difficult, long-term, and complicated disorders. Features an expanded section on multiple sclerosis, with in-depth discussions on the clinical issues surrounding the disease. Discusses the latest molecular genetic studies, including new information on the progressive ataxias · Alzheimer's disease · Huntington's disease · mitochondrial disorders · and familial stroke and headache syndromes. Reports on the results of recent clinical studies on asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis and symptomatic carotid endarterectomy. Includes the latest methods for treating stroke · seizures · multiple sclerosis · migraine · Parkinson's disease · amyotrophic lateral sclerosis · and Alzheimer's disease. Presents a summary table at the beginning of each chapter, highlighting the authors' approaches to various problems of diagnosis and management. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Contraceptive Research and Development Institute of Medicine, Committee on Contraceptive Research and Development, 1996-11-04 The contraceptive revolution of the 1960s and 1970s introduced totally new contraceptive options and launched an era of research and product development. Yet by the late 1980s, conditions had changed and improvements in contraceptive products, while very important in relation to improved oral contraceptives, IUDs, implants, and injectables, had become primarily incremental. Is it time for a second contraceptive revolution and how might it happen? Contraceptive Research and Development explores the frontiers of science where the contraceptives of the future are likely to be found and lays out criteria for deciding where to make the next R&D investments. The book comprehensively examines today's contraceptive needs, identifies niches in those needs that seem most readily translatable into market terms, and scrutinizes issues that shape the market: method side effects and contraceptive failure, the challenge of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, and the implications of the women's agenda. Contraceptive Research and Development analyzes the response of the pharmaceutical industry to current dynamics in regulation, liability, public opinion, and the economics of the health sector and offers an integrated set of recommendations for public- and private-sector action to meet a whole new generation of demand. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: A New Triphasic Oral Contraceptive Ronald T. Burkman, 1992 |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Take Control of Your Health Kendra Degen Pearsall, 2007 |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Human Sexuality and Its Problems John Bancroft, 1989 This is an updated multidisciplinary and scholarly account of the determinants of human sexuality including sexual development, anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and endocrinology of sexual behaviour in addition to sociological and psychological aspects. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cancer Andrea R. Genazzani, 2020-07-26 The clinical benefits of hormone replacement therapy in women have to be carefully balanced against the possible risks, and a particular theoretical concern relates to risks associated with various forms of female oncology. Because of conflicting reports, gynecologists and oncologists especially need a single, authoritative resource of up-to-date information. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cancer, published in association with the International Menopause Society, provides the very consensus statement that clinicians need in this difficult and complex area. Many of the world's leading specialists have contributed important chapters that provide state-of-the-art knowledge about the effects of hormones on women and possible cancer risks. The introductory section deals with carcinogenesis, and the other main sections cover HRT and breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, melanoma and epithelial ovarian cancer. The concluding chapters discuss the benefits and risks of sp ecific therapies. An authoritative clinical reference with extensive bibliographic references and index, Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cancer covers all aspects of HRT and cancer based on the research available up to June 2001. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Research on the Menopause in the 1990s , 1996 This report reviews current research on the menopause, including studies on its symptons and their treatment, and its effects on the cardiovascular and skeletal systems. It also assesses the relevance of existing data to women in developing countries. |
| difference between oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy: Journal of the National Cancer Institute , 2000 |
Managing the Transition from Oral Contraceptives to …
Oral contraceptives provide multiple benefits for perimenopausal women; their use results in considerable economic savings by managing vaso-motor symptoms, preventing pregnancy, …
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT) AND …
HRT is hormone replacement therapy and is used for balancing hormones in women around menopause. (1) The HRT drugs used in our presentation include: Levothyroxine and estrogen …
Oral Contraceptives, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and …
BACKGROUND: Millions of women worldwide use exogenous hormones as oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Still, time-dependent and long-term consequences of …
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Guidance and …
- HRT may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure when compared with a combined oral contraceptive - Both HRT and combined oral contraceptives offer bone protection - HRT is not …
Oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy in …
Use of exogenous estrogen agents such as oral contraceptive pills (OCP) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) normalizes the physiologic drops in estrogen seen during the …
Does the use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement …
CONCLUSION: The use of hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptive has a protective effect in intracranial aneurysm rupture and formation. KEYWORDS: Subarachnoid …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy: Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy IARC Working Group on the …
Differentiating Oral Contraceptives - Mayne Pharma
There are numerous oral contraceptives on the market today, and distinguishing them can be a challenge. To assist you, Mayne Pharma is pleased to provide you with the following …
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - Sandwell and West …
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment for the symptoms of the menopause. As women get older their normal cycle of production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy: Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy IARC Working Group on the …
The myths vs the facts - The Menopause Charity
Fortunately, the types of HRT used in this study are very different to the safe, body identical types of HRT. In addition, this evidence has since been re-examined, and new studies suggest that, …
Comparison of estrogenic components used for hormonal …
We present a comparative analysis of the three prevailing es-trogens used in COCs, focusing on their structure-function relationships, receptor-binding afinity, potency, metabolism, …
Dr. Friedman’s Guide to Estrogen Replacement - Good …
Another recently recognized difference between oral and systemic estrogens has to do with growth hormone (GH). GH is an important hormone made by the pituitary that stimulates the …
Oral contraceptives and hormone therapy increase the risk of …
A new study from Uppsala University shows that oral contraceptives and hormone therapy at menopause increase the risk of stroke. The increased risk is greatest during the first year of...
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy: Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy IARC Working Group on the …
Medicines Safety Update - Therapeutic Goods Administration …
Health professionals are advised that the TGA is working with sponsors of combined oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy to ensure information regarding …
Use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy …
Aims: To compare menopausal age and the use of oral contraceptives (OC) and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) between the 32 populations of the WHO MONICA Project, …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy: Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy IARC Working Group on the …
Are Birth Control Pills Considered Hormone Replacement …
these concerns new generations of combined oral contraceptives were developed that featured lower dose of estrogen and newer more potent progestogens The effectiveness and ease of …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
In conclusion, the availability of Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy free PDF books and manuals for download has revolutionized the way …
Managing the Transition from Oral Contraceptives to …
Oral contraceptives provide multiple benefits for perimenopausal women; their use results in considerable economic savings by managing vaso-motor symptoms, preventing pregnancy, …
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT) AND …
HRT is hormone replacement therapy and is used for balancing hormones in women around menopause. (1) The HRT drugs used in our presentation include: Levothyroxine and estrogen …
Oral Contraceptives, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and …
BACKGROUND: Millions of women worldwide use exogenous hormones as oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Still, time-dependent and long-term consequences of …
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Guidance and …
- HRT may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure when compared with a combined oral contraceptive - Both HRT and combined oral contraceptives offer bone protection - HRT is not a …
Oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy in …
Use of exogenous estrogen agents such as oral contraceptive pills (OCP) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) normalizes the physiologic drops in estrogen seen during the …
Does the use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement …
CONCLUSION: The use of hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptive has a protective effect in intracranial aneurysm rupture and formation. KEYWORDS: Subarachnoid hemorrhage. …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy: Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy IARC Working Group on the Evaluation …
Differentiating Oral Contraceptives - Mayne Pharma
There are numerous oral contraceptives on the market today, and distinguishing them can be a challenge. To assist you, Mayne Pharma is pleased to provide you with the following …
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - Sandwell and West …
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment for the symptoms of the menopause. As women get older their normal cycle of production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy: Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy IARC Working Group on the Evaluation …
The myths vs the facts - The Menopause Charity
Fortunately, the types of HRT used in this study are very different to the safe, body identical types of HRT. In addition, this evidence has since been re-examined, and new studies suggest that, …
Comparison of estrogenic components used for hormonal …
We present a comparative analysis of the three prevailing es-trogens used in COCs, focusing on their structure-function relationships, receptor-binding afinity, potency, metabolism, …
Dr. Friedman’s Guide to Estrogen Replacement - Good …
Another recently recognized difference between oral and systemic estrogens has to do with growth hormone (GH). GH is an important hormone made by the pituitary that stimulates the …
Oral contraceptives and hormone therapy increase the risk of …
A new study from Uppsala University shows that oral contraceptives and hormone therapy at menopause increase the risk of stroke. The increased risk is greatest during the first year of...
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy: Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy IARC Working Group on the Evaluation …
Medicines Safety Update - Therapeutic Goods Administration …
Health professionals are advised that the TGA is working with sponsors of combined oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy to ensure information regarding …
Use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy …
Aims: To compare menopausal age and the use of oral contraceptives (OC) and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) between the 32 populations of the WHO MONICA Project, …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy: Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy IARC Working Group on the Evaluation …
Are Birth Control Pills Considered Hormone Replacement …
these concerns new generations of combined oral contraceptives were developed that featured lower dose of estrogen and newer more potent progestogens The effectiveness and ease of …
Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone …
In conclusion, the availability of Difference Between Oral Contraceptives And Hormone Replacement Therapy free PDF books and manuals for download has revolutionized the way …
