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| directed language to english: The Elements of the English Language Ernest Adams, 1893 |
| directed language to english: A Dictionary of the English Language Joseph Emerson Worcester, 1860 |
| directed language to english: Native Listening Anne Cutler, 2012-07-27 An argument that the way we listen to speech is shaped by our experience with our native language. Understanding speech in our native tongue seems natural and effortless; listening to speech in a nonnative language is a different experience. In this book, Anne Cutler argues that listening to speech is a process of native listening because so much of it is exquisitely tailored to the requirements of the native language. Her cross-linguistic study (drawing on experimental work in languages that range from English and Dutch to Chinese and Japanese) documents what is universal and what is language specific in the way we listen to spoken language. Cutler describes the formidable range of mental tasks we carry out, all at once, with astonishing speed and accuracy, when we listen. These include evaluating probabilities arising from the structure of the native vocabulary, tracking information to locate the boundaries between words, paying attention to the way the words are pronounced, and assessing not only the sounds of speech but prosodic information that spans sequences of sounds. She describes infant speech perception, the consequences of language-specific specialization for listening to other languages, the flexibility and adaptability of listening (to our native languages), and how language-specificity and universality fit together in our language processing system. Drawing on her four decades of work as a psycholinguist, Cutler documents the recent growth in our knowledge about how spoken-word recognition works and the role of language structure in this process. Her book is a significant contribution to a vibrant and rapidly developing field. |
| directed language to english: English Your Language Josephine B. Wolfe, Doris E. Dorsey, 1963 |
| directed language to english: Directed Motivational Currents in L2 Nourollah Zarrinabadi, Saeed Ketabi, Mansoor Tavakoli, 2019-01-24 The book presents theoretical considerations as well as the results of empirical research on the existence of “directed motivational current” (DMC) experiences among Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in order to provide insights into how a DMC is triggered and launched, and to explore whether the key characteristics of DMCs could be detected in language learners' experiences in Iran. Although Dörnyei et al. (2016) claimed that language learners who experience a DMC may have an amalgamation of several positive emotions, they did not present any evidence of whether these feelings exert any impact on learners' willingness to take part in language learning situations (willingness to communicate (WTC)), their confidence to use their L2, their self-perceptions, and the extent to which they independently try to learn English inside and outside the classroom context (language learner autonomy). This book extensively studies DMCs in an EFL setting and examines how such experiences affect language learners' WTC, self-concept, language learner autonomy, and self-confidence. |
| directed language to english: Universal Dictionary of the English Language , 1898 |
| directed language to english: Learner-directed Assessment in Esl Glayol V. Ekbatani, Herbert D. Pierson, 2012-10-12 This text integrates the theory and practice of learner-based assessment. Written in response to two recent movements in language teaching--learner-centered teaching and a renewed interest in authenticity in language testing--it examines the relationship between the language learner and language assessment processes, and promotes approaches to assessment that involve the learner in the testing process. Particular attention is given to issues of reliability and validity. Grounded in current pedagogical applications of authentic assessment measures, this volume is intended for and eminently accessible to classroom teachers and program directors looking for ways to include their students in the evaluation process, graduate students, and professional language testers seeking authenticity in assessment and desiring to create more interactive evaluation tools. |
| directed language to english: The English Language: A Very Short Introduction Simon Horobin, 2018-01-18 The English language is spoken by more than a billion people throughout the world. But where did English come from? And how has it evolved into the language used today? In this Very Short Introduction Simon Horobin investigates how we have arrived at the English we know today, and celebrates the way new speakers and new uses mean that it continues to adapt. Engaging with contemporary concerns about correctness, Horobin considers whether such changes are improvements, or evidence of slipping standards. What is the future for the English language? Will Standard English continue to hold sway, or we are witnessing its replacement by newly emerging Englishes? ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable. |
| directed language to english: Encyclopedia of Language Development Patricia J. Brooks, Vera Kempe, 2014-03-28 The progression from newborn to sophisticated language user in just a few short years is often described as wonderful and miraculous. What are the biological, cognitive, and social underpinnings of this miracle? What major language development milestones occur in infancy? What methodologies do researchers employ in studying this progression? Why do some become adept at multiple languages while others face a lifelong struggle with just one? What accounts for declines in language proficiency, and how might such declines be moderated? Despite an abundance of textbooks, specialized monographs, and a couple of academic handbooks, there has been no encyclopedic reference work in this area--until now. The Encyclopedia of Language Development covers the breadth of theory and research on language development from birth through adulthood, as well as their practical application. Features: This affordable A-to-Z reference includes 200 articles that address such topic areas as theories and research tradition; biological perspectives; cognitive perspectives; family, peer, and social influences; bilingualism; special populations and disorders; and more. All articles (signed and authored by key figures in the field) conclude with cross reference links and suggestions for further reading. Appendices include a Resource Guide with annotated lists of classic books and articles, journals, associations, and web sites; a Glossary of specialized terms; and a Chronology offering an overview and history of the field. A thematic Reader’s Guide groups related articles by broad topic areas as one handy search feature on the e-Reference platform, which includes a comprehensive index of search terms. Available in both print and electronic formats, Encyclopedia of Language Development is a must-have reference for researchers and is ideal for library reference or circulating collections. |
| directed language to english: Language and Society Andrew Simpson, 2019-01-02 Language and Society is a broad introduction to the interaction of language and society, intended for undergraduate students majoring in any academic discipline. The book discusses the complex socio-political roles played by large, dominant languages around the world and how the growth of major national and official languages is threatening the continued existence of smaller, minority languages. As individuals adopt new ways of speaking, many languages are disappearing, others are evolving into hybrid languages with distinctive new forms, and even long-established languages are experiencing significant change, with young speakers creating novel expressions and innovative pronunciations. Making use of a wide range of case studies selected from the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa, Andrew Simpson describes and explains key factors causing language variation and change which relate to societal structures and the expression of group and personal identity. The volume also examines how speakers' knowledge of language acts as an important force controlling access to education, advances in employment and the development of social status. Additional topics discussed in the volume focus on the global growth of English, gendered patterns of language use, and the influence of language on perception. |
| directed language to english: Universal Dictionary of the English Language: Ine-Rhe Robert Hunter, 1897 |
| directed language to english: An American Dictionary of the English Language Noah Webster, 1842 |
| directed language to english: The Modern World Dictionary of the English Language ... , 1896 |
| directed language to english: Complete First Language English for Cambridge IGCSE® Jane Arredondo, 2018-07-05 Comprehensively matched to the latest Cambridge IGCSE syllabus (0500), including changes to the Reading paper. This updated and literature-led resource is packed with age-appropriate text extracts, focused activities and embedded exam guidance. |
| directed language to english: The Modern Eclectic Dictionary of the English Language Robert Hunter, Charles Morris, 1905 |
| directed language to english: University of Michigan Official Publication , 1944 |
| directed language to english: English Teaching Forum , 1969 |
| directed language to english: The Oxford Handbook of Language and Race H. Samy Alim, Angela Reyes, Paul V. Kroskrity, 2020-10-02 Over the past two decades, the fields of linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics have complicated traditional understandings of the relationship between language and identity. But while research traditions that explore the linguistic complexities of gender and sexuality have long been established, the study of race as a linguistic issue has only emerged recently. The Oxford Handbook of Language and Race positions issues of race as central to language-based scholarship. In twenty-one chapters divided into four sections-Foundations and Formations; Coloniality and Migration; Embodiment and Intersectionality; and Racism and Representations-authors at the forefront of this rapidly expanding field present state-of-the-art research and establish future directions of research. Covering a range of sites from around the world, the handbook offers theoretical, reflexive takes on language and race, the larger histories and systems that influence these concepts, the bodies that enact and experience them, and the expressions and outcomes that emerge as a result. As the study of language and race continues to take on a growing importance across anthropology, communication studies, cultural studies, education, linguistics, literature, psychology, ethnic studies, sociology, and the academy as a whole, this volume represents a timely, much-needed effort to focus these fields on both the central role that language plays in racialization and on the enduring relevance of race and racism. |
| directed language to english: Diversity and Difference in Childhood: Issues for Theory and Practice Kerry Robinson, Criss Jones-Diaz, 2017-01-16 Educators and community-based professionals are often required to work with children and families from a range of diverse backgrounds. The second edition of this popular book goes beyond simplistic definitions of diversity, encouraging a much broader understanding and helping childhood educators and community-based professionals develop a critical disposition towards assumptions about children and childhood in relation to diversity, difference and social justice. As well as drawing on research, the book gives an overview of relevant contemporary social theories, including poststructuralism, cultural studies, critical theory, postcolonialism, critical ‘race’ theory, feminist perspectives and queer theory. It interrogates practice and explores opportunities and strategies for creating a more equitable environment, whilst covering key issues impacting on children’s lives, including: globalization, neoliberalism, new racisms, immigration, Indigeneity, refugees, homophobia, heterosexism and constructions of childhood. Each chapter provides an overview of the area of discussion, a focus on the implications for practice, and recommended readings. Providing insight into how social justice practices in childhood education and community-based service delivery can make a real difference in the lives of children, their families and communities, this is key reading for early childhood and primary educators, community-based professionals, university students and researchers. “This thoughtful, topical book addresses a considerable range of diversity issues relevant to teacher educators, their students, and other professionals who work with children and their families within and beyond Australia. Indigenous issues including language maintenance and revival have particular relevance within postcolonial nation states. Other issues of international relevance include: identities and retention of community languages, gender equity, childhood and sexuality, poverty and inequalities, and related policies. The writing is critical, scholarly, and engaging. This timely second edition draws on the authors’ longstanding teacher education experiences, and their most recent research, to revisit the challenges of diversity and difference in children’s lives”. Dr Valerie N. Podmore, former associate professor, Faculty of Education and Social Work, the University of Auckland, New Zealand “The second edition of Robinson and Jones Díaz’s Diversity and Difference in Childhood is a thoroughly welcome addition to my list of key texts for students of early childhood and childhood studies. It provides a means from the outset for educating undergraduate students from within critical postmodern and post structural perspectives – thus orienting their views of and actions within their future professions towards critical and equitable practices that value difference rather than treat is as a problem to be solved. Furthermore, for practitioners who find themselves questioning modernist constructions of children, development, difference, diversity and their work, the book provides a thorough grounding in frameworks and tools that will help them re-theorise what they are doing whilst simultaneously supporting them towards positive change.” Alexandra C. Gunn, Associate Dean (Teacher Education), University of Otago College of Education, New Zealand “This is the 21st century early childhood education text. Diversity and Difference in Childhood provides early childhood educators and scholars a powerful space for asking social justice questions in a profoundly innovative way. Diversity and difference in childhood is not a 'traditional' early childhood conversation. As the authors appropriately suggest, this book is for educators to challenge taken for granted knowledges/practices and to take “personal and professional risks for social justice”. Veronica Pacini-Ketchabaw, Ph.D., Professor, School of Child and Youth Care, University of Victoria, Canada “This new edition of Diversity and Difference is both important and timely. There is a new urgency to some emerging childhood issues, including those associated with childhood sexuality, and a distinct lack of critical resources to inform the debate. This book helps fill this gap. Undertaking a major revision and incorporating new material, the authors have ensured the book’s continued relevance and renewed significance in the very dynamic context of childhood studies. The book makes an important contribution to resourcing explorations of the many difficult and complex issues associated with childhood in a globalised yet differentiated world. Readers will find the new theoretical resources and additional chapters that have been included give the book a sense of enhanced rigour and its depth and breadth of coverage make it an ideal resource for a wide variety of interests and perspectives.” Christine Woodrow, Associate Professor and Senior Researcher, the Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Australia |
| directed language to english: The Routledge Handbook of Language and Professional Communication Vijay Bhatia, Stephen Bremner, 2014-02-24 The Routledge Handbook of Language and Professional Communication provides a broad coverage of the key areas where language and professional communication intersect and gives a comprehensive account of the field. The four main sections of the Handbook cover: Approaches to Professional Communication Practice Acquisition of Professional Competence Views from the Professions This invaluable reference book incorporates not only an historical view of the field, but also looks to possible future developments. Contributions from international scholars and practitioners, focusing on specific issues, explore the major approaches to professional communication and bring into focus recent research. This is the first handbook of language and professional communication to account for both pedagogic and practitioner perspectives and as such is an essential reference for postgraduate students and those researching and working in the areas of applied linguistics and professional communication. |
| directed language to english: Resources in Education , 2001 |
| directed language to english: American International Pictures Rob Craig, 2019-03-05 American International Pictures was in many ways the missing link between big-budget Hollywood studios, poverty-row B-movie factories and low-rent exploitation movie distributors. AIP first targeted teen audiences with science fiction, horror and fantasy, but soon grew to encompass many genres and demographics--at times, it was indistinguishable from many of the major studios. From Abby to Zontar, this filmography lists more than 800 feature films, television series and TV specials by AIP and its partners and subsidiaries. Special attention is given to American International Television (the TV arm of AIP) and an appendix lists the complete AITV catalog. The author also discusses films produced by founders James H. Nicholson and Samuel Z. Arkoff after they left the company. |
| directed language to english: A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor of the English Language: ... with Observations Etymological, Critical, and Grammatical John Walker, 1848 |
| directed language to english: Germanic Heritage Languages in North America Janne Bondi Johannessen, Joseph C. Salmons, 2015-08-15 This book presents new empirical findings about Germanic heritage varieties spoken in North America: Dutch, German, Pennsylvania Dutch, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, West Frisian and Yiddish, and varieties of English spoken both by heritage speakers and in communities after language shift. The volume focuses on three critical issues underlying the notion of ‘heritage language’: acquisition, attrition and change. The book offers theoretically-informed discussions of heritage language processes across phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics and the lexicon, in addition to work on sociolinguistics, historical linguistics and contact settings. With this, the volume also includes a variety of frameworks and approaches, synchronic and diachronic. Most European Germanic languages share some central linguistic features, such as V2, gender and agreement in the nominal system, and verb inflection. As minority languages faced with a majority language like English, similarities and differences emerge in patterns of variation and change in these heritage languages. These empirical findings shed new light on mechanisms and processes. |
| directed language to english: Three essays on linguistic diversity in the Spanish-speaking world Jacob Ornstein-Galicia, Frederick Gerald Hensey, David William Foster, 2018-01-22 |
| directed language to english: Second Language Acquisition Roumyana Slabakova, 2016 This textbook approaches second language acquisition from the perspective of generative linguistics. Roumyana Slabakova reviews and discusses paradigms and findings from the last thirty years of research in the field, focussing in particular on how the second or additional language is represented in the mind and how it is used in communication. The adoption and analysis of a specific model of acquisition, the Bottleneck Hypothesis, provides a unifying perspective.The book assumes some non-technical knowledge of linguistics, but important concepts are clearly introduced and defined throughout, making it a valuable resource not only for undergraduate andgraduate students of linguistics, but also for researchers in cognitive science and language teachers. |
| directed language to english: From Rhetoric To Reality Rodolfo O. de la Garza, 2019-04-09 This book examines the success of national Latino efforts to transcend fiesta politics, that is, barrio festivals near election time, and to become key constituencies capable of influencing the platforms and campaign strategies of both parties. |
| directed language to english: The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism Linda L. Lowry, 2016-09-01 Taking a global and multidisciplinary approach, The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism brings together a team of international scholars to examine the travel and tourism industry, which is expected to grow at an annual rate of four percent for the next decade. In more than 500 entries spanning four comprehensive volumes, the Encyclopedia examines the business of tourism around the world paying particular attention to the social, economic, environmental, and policy issues at play. The book examines global, regional, national, and local issues including transportation, infrastructure, the environment, and business promotion. By looking at travel trends and countries large and small, the Encyclopedia analyses a wide variety of challenges and opportunities facing the industry. In taking a comprehensive and global approach, the Encyclopedia approaches the field of travel and tourism through the numerous disciplines it reaches, including the traditional tourism administration curriculum within schools of business and management, economics, public policy, as well as social science disciplines such as the anthropology and sociology. Key features include: More than 500 entries authored and signed by key academics in the field Entries on individual countries that details the health of the tourism industry, policy and planning approaches, promotion efforts, and primary tourism draws. Additional entries look at major cities and popular destinations Coverage of travel trends such as culinary tourism, wine tourism, agritourism, ecotourism, geotourism, slow tourism, heritage and cultural-based tourism, sustainable tourism, and recreation-based tourism Cross-references and further readings A Reader’s Guide grouping articles by disciplinary areas and broad themes |
| directed language to english: Semiotics and Human Sign Languages William C. Stokoe, 1972 Non-Aboriginal material. |
| directed language to english: 'Other' Spanish Theatres Maria M. Delgado, 2003-11-08 'Other' Spanish Theatres challenges established opinions on modern Iberian theatre through a consideration of the roles of contrasting figures and companies who have impacted upon both the practice and the perception of Spanish and European stages. In this broad and detailed study, Delgado selects six subjects which map out alternative readings of a nation's theatrical innovation through the last century. These six subjects include Margarita Xirgu, Enrique Rambal, María Casarest and Nuria Espert. |
| directed language to english: Linguistic Landscape in the City Elana Goldberg Shohamy, Eliezer Ben Rafael, Monica Barni, 2010 Elana Shohamy is a professor and chair of the language education program at the School of Education, Tel Aviv University, where she teaches, researches and writes about multiple issues relating to multilingualism: language policy, language testing and language in the public space. -- |
| directed language to english: Child Development Ganie Dehart, 1996 |
| directed language to english: Thought: A Philosophical History Panayiota Vassilopoulou, Daniel Whistler, 2021-05-03 Of all the topics in the history of philosophy, the history of different forms of thinking and contemplation is one of the most important, and yet is also relatively overlooked. What is it to think philosophically? How did different forms of thinking—reflection, contemplation, critique and analysis—emerge in different epochs? This collection offers a rich and diverse philosophical exploration of the history of contemplation, from the classical period to the twenty-first century. It covers canonical figures including Plato, Aristotle, Descartes and Kant, as well as debates in less well-known areas such as classical Indian and Islamic thought and the role of speculation in twentieth-century Russian philosophy. Comprising twenty-two chapters by an international team of contributors, the volume is divided into five parts: • Flourishing and Thinking from Homer to Hume • The Thinking of Thinking from Augustine to Gödel • Images and Thinking from Plotinus to Unger • Bodies of Thought and Habits of Thinking from Plato to Irigaray • The Efficacy of Thinking from Sextus to Bataille Thought: A Philosophical History is the first comprehensive investigation of the history of philosophical thought and contemplation. As such, it is a landmark publication for anyone researching and teaching the history of philosophy, and a valuable resource for those studying the subject in related fields such as literature, religion, sociology and the history of ideas. |
| directed language to english: The Bilingual Advantage Rebecca M. Callahan, Patricia C. Gándara, 2014-09-01 Using novel methodological approaches and new data, The Bilingual Advantage draws together researchers from education, economics, sociology, anthropology and linguistics to examine the economic and employment benefits of bilingualism in the US labor market, countering past research that shows no such benefits exist. |
| directed language to english: Teaching and Researching: Autonomy in Language Learning Phil Benson, 2013-11-04 Autonomy has become a keyword of language policy in education systems around the world, as the importance of independent learning and new technologies has grown. Now in a fully revised and updated second edition, Teaching and Researching Autonomy provides an accessible and comprehensive critical account of the theory and practice of autonomy. Examining the history of the concept, it addresses important questions of how we can identify autonomy in language learning behaviours and how we can evaluate the wide variety of educational practices that have been designed to foster autonomy in learning. Topics new to this edition include: - Autonomy and new technologies - Teacher autonomy - The sociocultural implications of autonomy With over three hundred new references and five new case studies of research on autonomy providing practical advice on research methods and topics in the field, Teaching and Researching Autonomy will be an essential introduction for teachers and students to a subject at the cutting edge of language teaching and research. |
| directed language to english: Elementary English Review , 1936 SCC library has 1949-cur. |
| directed language to english: Sociolinguistics / Soziolinguistik. Volume 3 Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar, Klaus J. Mattheier, Peter Trudgill, 2008-07-14 No detailed description available for SOCIOLINGUISTICS (AMMON) 3.TLBD HSK 3.3 2A E-BOOK. |
| directed language to english: Computer–Assisted Research in the Humanities Joseph Raben, 2014-05-18 Computer-Assisted Research in the Humanities describes various computer-assisted research in the humanities and related social sciences. It is a compendium of data collected between November 1966 and May 1972 and published in Computer and the Humanities. The book begins with an analysis of language teaching texts including the DOVACK system, a program used for remedial reading instruction. It then discusses the objectives, types of computer used, and status of the Bibliographic On-line Display (BOLD), semiotic systems, augmented human intellect program, automatic indexing, and similar research. The remaining chapters present computer-assisted research on language and literature, philosophy, social sciences, and visual arts. Students who seek a single reference work for computer-assisted research in the humanities will find this book useful. |
| directed language to english: Language and Language Behavior Abstracts , 1970 |
| directed language to english: Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts , 2002 |
DIRECTED - Car Alarms | Remote Starters | SMARTSTART | Vehicle …
Jul 6, 2020 · DIRECTED is the largest designer and marketer in North America of consumer-branded vehicle security and remote start systems. DIRECTED's products are available …
DIRECTED Synonyms: 141 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam …
Synonyms for DIRECTED: channeled, channelled, funneled, conducted, carried, funnelled, piped, channelized; Antonyms of DIRECTED: followed, observed, kept, obeyed, minded, complied …
DIRECTED Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DIRECTED is subject to supervision or regulation. How to use directed in a sentence.
272 Synonyms & Antonyms for DIRECTED - Thesaurus.com
Find 272 different ways to say DIRECTED, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
DIRECTED | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DIRECTED definition: 1. past simple and past participle of direct 2. to control or be in charge of an activity…. Learn more.
Directed - definition of directed by The Free Dictionary
directed - (often used in combination) having a specified direction; "a positively directed vector"; "goal-directed"
Directed - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘directed'. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of …
DIRECTED definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
He directed Sprout towards it, feeling the fear rise in him, coursing through his muscles.
directed to or directed at? - TextRanch
Mar 6, 2025 · 'Directed to' is commonly used when referring to a target or destination, while 'directed at' is often used when talking about aiming or focusing on a specific person or thing. …
directed - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
to address (words, a speech, a written report, etc.) to a person or persons: The secretary directed his remarks to two of the committee members. to address (a letter, package, etc.) to an …
DIRECTED - Car Alarms | Remote Starters | SMARTSTART | Vehicle …
Jul 6, 2020 · DIRECTED is the largest designer and marketer in North America of consumer-branded vehicle security and remote start systems. DIRECTED's products are available …
DIRECTED Synonyms: 141 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam …
Synonyms for DIRECTED: channeled, channelled, funneled, conducted, carried, funnelled, piped, channelized; Antonyms of DIRECTED: followed, observed, kept, obeyed, minded, complied …
DIRECTED Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of DIRECTED is subject to supervision or regulation. How to use directed in a sentence.
272 Synonyms & Antonyms for DIRECTED - Thesaurus.com
Find 272 different ways to say DIRECTED, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
DIRECTED | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
DIRECTED definition: 1. past simple and past participle of direct 2. to control or be in charge of an activity…. Learn more.
Directed - definition of directed by The Free Dictionary
directed - (often used in combination) having a specified direction; "a positively directed vector"; "goal-directed"
Directed - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘directed'. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of …
DIRECTED definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
He directed Sprout towards it, feeling the fear rise in him, coursing through his muscles.
directed to or directed at? - TextRanch
Mar 6, 2025 · 'Directed to' is commonly used when referring to a target or destination, while 'directed at' is often used when talking about aiming or focusing on a specific person or thing. …
directed - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
to address (words, a speech, a written report, etc.) to a person or persons: The secretary directed his remarks to two of the committee members. to address (a letter, package, etc.) to an …
