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| disproportionate representation in special education: Handbook of Special Education James M. Kauffman, Daniel P. Hallahan, Paige Cullen Pullen, 2017-05-25 The purpose of the Handbook of Special Education is to help profile and bring greater clarity to the already sprawling and continuously expanding field of special education. To ensure consistency across the volume, chapter authors review and integrate existing research, identify strengths and weaknesses, note gaps in the literature, and discuss implications for practice and future research. The second edition has been fully updated throughout to take into account recent changes to federal laws as well as the most current academic research, and an entirely new section has been added on research methods in special education. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on Minority Representation in Special Education, 2002-08-30 Special education and gifted and talented programs were designed for children whose educational needs are not well met in regular classrooms. From their inceptions, these programs have had disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic minority students. What causes this disproportion? Is it a problem? Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education considers possible contributors to that disparity, including early biological and environmental influences and inequities in opportunities for preschool and K-12 education, as well as the possibilities of bias in the referral and assessment system that leads to placement in special programs. It examines the data on early childhood experience, on differences in educational opportunity, and on referral and placement. The book also considers whether disproportionate representation should be considered a problem. Do special education programs provide valuable educational services, or do they set students off on a path of lower educational expectations? Would students not now placed in gifted and talented programs benefit from raised expectations, more rigorous classes, and the gifted label, or would they suffer failure in classes for which they are unprepared? By examining this important problem in U.S. education and making recommendations for early intervention and general education, as well as for changes in referral and assessment processes, Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education will be an indispensable resource to educators throughout the nation, as well as to policy makers at all levels, from schools and school districts to the state and federal governments. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Current Issues and Trends in Special Education. Festus E. Obiakor, Jeffrey P. Bakken, Anthony F. Rotatori, 2010-01-25 The field of special education constantly changes as a result of legislation, instructional formats and research investigations. Addressing the issues and trends in Special Education, this title covers identification, assessment and instruction. It also covers research, technology, and teacher preparation. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Why Are So Many Minority Students in Special Education? Beth Harry, Janette K. Klingner, 2014-04-01 The second edition of this powerful book examines the disproportionate placement of Black and Hispanic students in special education. The authors present compelling, research-based stories representing the range of experiences faced by culturally and linguistically diverse students who fall in the liminal shadow of perceived disability. They examine the children's experiences, their families' interactions with school personnel, the teachers' and schools' estimation of the children and their families, and the school climate that influences decisions about referrals to special education. Based on the authors' 4 years of ethnographic research in a large, culturally diverse school district, the book concludes with recommendations for improving educational practice, teacher training, and policy renewal. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Issues in Educational Placement James M. Kauffman, 1995 First Published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Racial Inequity in Special Education Daniel J. Losen, Gary Orfield, 2002 Commissioned by The Civil Rights Project at Harvard, this text examines racial inequity in special education, with an emphasis on the experiences of African American children. Eleven contributions from educators and researchers discuss issues such as the overrepresentation of minority children in special education, racial disparities in funding, and the implications of the Corey H. lawsuit to desegregate students with disabilities in Chicago. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Case Studies in Special Education Tera Torres, Catherine R. Barber, 2017-06-12 Special education law and practice have undergone profound transformation over the past 50 years. Students with disabilities are now more likely to receive a free and appropriate education in the least restrictive environment possible; however, the ideals of the law have not always been manifested in effective practice. Although special education services are vastly better today than they were in the early years of public education, current policies and practices continue to result in the under-education of many children with disabilities. This book illustrates key failures of the system within the context of real children’s experiences. The case study approach gives voice to the students, families, and educators who have been let down by the special education process. The goal is to shed light on the flaws and injustices of the status quo. After identifying these problems, the authors offer sound solutions. Section 1 is devoted to issues surrounding identification of students with learning disabilities. These topics include occurrence of inconsistencies in assessment and diagnoses, understanding the struggles of the “slow learner,” and the interference of behavioral challenges with students’ educational performance. Section 2 addresses problems within the evaluation process that negatively influence diagnoses. Discussions include disproportionate representation of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds as well as students of color and bilingual students. Section 3 highlights significant concerns with service provision within the special education realm. The narratives throughout the book present stories of children on the receiving end of a severely fractured special education system. Recommendations focus on solving specific problems, such as inconsistent identification processes and categories, disproportionate representation, ill-conceived IEPs, ineffective specially designed instruction, and poorly implemented RTI programs. The book’s methodological approach affirms that there is much room for reform within both the special education system and the public education system as a whole. This book will be an excellent resource for graduate-level students, practitioners, and teachers in the fields of special education, disability studies, early intervention, school psychology, and child and family services. Additionally, it will be of interest to social workers, counselors, and researchers. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Education For All Terese C. Jimenez, 2008-02-12 Education for All provides readers with a historical perspective regarding the education of students with disabilities in the U.S. over the past 30 years while critically examining current practices and making recommendations for the future. Chapter topics address important overarching issues in the field that cut across individual disabilities. These include issues related to establishing early intervention in K-12 settings; including students with disabilities in general education settings; working collaboratively with families as partners; providing appropriate instructional practices; reducing the over-identification of minorities in special education programs; and implementing special education law for the benefit of all children and families. The book helps readers gain a better understanding of the most pressing issues in the world of special education, so they can improve their own educational, clinical, and research practices. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: "These Kids Are Out of Control" H. Richard Milner IV, Heather B. Cunningham, Lori Delale-O′Connor, Erika Gold Kestenberg, 2018-07-18 Today’s classrooms reimagined If you’re looking for a book on how to control your students, this isn’t it! Instead, this is a book on what classroom learning could be if we aspire to co-create more culturally responsive and equitable environments—environments that are safe, affirming, learner-centered, intellectually challenging, and engaging. If we create the kind of places where our students want to be . . . A critically important resource for teachers and administrators alike, These Kids Are Out of Control details the specific practices, tools, beliefs, dispositions, and mindsets that are essential to better serving the complex needs of our diverse learners, especially our marginalized students. Gain expert insight on: What it means to be culturally responsive in today’s classroom environments, even in schools at large How to decide what to teach, understand the curriculum, build relationships in and outside of school, and assess student development and learning The four best practices for building a classroom culture that is both nurturing and rigorous, and where all students are seen, heard, and respected Alternatives to punitive disciplinary action that too often sustains the cradle-to-prison pipeline Classroom management takes care of itself when you engage students, help them see links and alignment of the curriculum to their lives, build on and from student identity and culture, and recognize the many ways instructional practices can shift. These Kids Are Out of Control is your opportunity to get started right away! |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Reducing Disproportionate Representation of Culturally Diverse Students in Special and Gifted Education Alfredo J. Artiles, Grace Zamora-Durán, 1997 This book discusses the disproportionate representation of students from minority backgrounds in special education and gifted classes, and presents strategies that practitioners can use to better address the educational needs of all students. Chapter 1, Disproportionate Representation: A Contentious and Unresolved Predicament (Alfredo J. Artiles and Grace Zamora-Duran), provides an outline of the problem of student placement, disproportionate representation, and misclassification. Chapter 2, Changing the Context of Assessment: The Move to Portfolios and Authentic Assessment (Robert Rueda), criticizes traditional standardized assessment approaches that disregard students' prior knowledge and cultural differences and proposes the use of performance assessment approaches. In chapter 3, When Behavior Differences Are Not Disorders (Sharon R. Ishii-Jordan), the cultural influences on student behavior are discussed as well as the need for educators to be aware of the role of cultural meaning underlying human behavior. Chapter 4, From Tests To Talking in the Classroom: Assessing Communicative Competence (Grace Zamora-Duran and Elba I. Reyes), presents guidelines for educators to use to assess students' language proficiency in order to decide whether a more comprehensive assessment or a prereferral intervention is needed; (5) Disproportionate Representation in Gifted Programs: Best Practices for Meeting This Challenge (James M. Patton), discusses the under representation of children from minority backgrounds in gifted education and presents alternative assessment procedures. The final chapter, Disproportionate Representation: Current Issues and Future Directions (Grace Zamora-Duran and Alfredo J. Artiles), provides a summary of recommended practices to address the problem of disproportionate representation. (Each chapter includes references.) (CR) |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Solving Disproportionality and Achieving Equity Edward Fergus, 2016-10-28 When the numbers don’t lie, this is your guide to doing what’s right If your school is faced with a disproportionate rate of suspensions, gifted program enrollment, or special education referrals for students of color, this book shows how you can uncover the root causes and rally your staff to face the challenge head on. You will: Understand how bias creates barriers to the success of students of color Know what questions to ask and what data to analyze Create your own road map for becoming an equity-driven school, with staff activities, data collection forms, checklists, and progress monitoring tools |
| disproportionate representation in special education: English Language Learners: Janette Klingner, Amy Eppollito, 2014-01-01 This unique guide for special education teachers, teachers of English language learners, and other practitioners provides the foundational information needed to determine whether the language difficulties experienced by English language learners (ELLs) result from the processes and stages of learning a second language or from a learning disability (LD). The book addresses the following critical factors in detail: determining whether an ELL's struggles with reading in English are due to LD or language acquisition; characteristics of language acquisition that can mirror LD; different types of ELLS and why these differences are important; considering a student's opportunity to learn when determining whether he or she may have LD; common misconceptions and realities about ELLs and the second language acquisition process; ways that learning to read in English as a second or additional language differ from learning to read English as a first language, and how the differences can be confusing for ELLs; how schools can establish structure to facilitate the process of distinguishing between language acquisition and LD; how families are involved in the process; guidelines for determining which ELLs should be referred for evaluation; and what it means to use an ecological framework to determine whether ELLs have LD. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Truth in Labeling , 2007 |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Untold Narratives Shawn Anthony Robinson, 2018-02-01 This edited book reflects a much needed area of scholarship as the voices of African American (AA) or Black students defined by various labels such as learning disability, blindness/visual impairment, cognitive development, speech or language impairment, and hearing impairment are rare within the scholarly literature. Students tagged with those identifiers within the Pk-20 academic system have not only been ignored, and discounted, but have also had their learning framed from a deficit perspective rather than a strength-based perspective. Moreover, it was uncommon to hear first person narratives about how AA students have understood their positions within the general education and special education systems. Therefore, with a pervasive lack of knowledge when it comes to understanding the experiences of AA with disabilities, this book describes personal experiences, and challenges the idea that AA students with disabilities are substandard. While this book will emphasize successful narratives, it will also provide counter-narratives to demystify the myth that those with disabilities cannot succeed or obtain terminal degrees. Overall, this edited book is a much needed contribution to the scholarly literature and may help teachers across a wide array of academic disciplines in meeting the academic and social needs of AA students with disabilities. ENDORSEMENTS: Dr. Shawn Robinson’s collection of personal narratives raises critical questions about the U. S. public education system. Written by African Americans compartmentalized in special education programs because of actual or perceived disabilities, these stories will impel readers even tangentially affiliated with educational institutions to consider testing, placement, mainstreaming, retention and promotion, and other assessment policies that determine grade-level readiness. Thanks to Robinson, the perspectives of these graduates who surmounted barriers to more positive and accommodating learning environments now receive proper attention. ~ John Pruitt, University of Wisconsin-Rock County With a bold vision, Dr. Shawn Anthony Robinson enters the discussion of Special Education with a collection of narratives that highlight the struggles and triumphs of marginalized students. In America, we have a long, contested history of “inclusion” of students of color and difference in our public, mainstream institutions. When these students are invited to the education table, they still must overcome persistent and pernicious barriers to true and equal educational opportunities. Consequently, students are left to “sink or swim” in oceans disparity and inequity. This collection of narratives and counter-narratives, confront the absence of adequate research and other empirical evidence of pedagogy and practice that would be essential to 21st Century progress in educational praxis. This volume represents one, important step towards adding new voices to the continuing struggle of meaningful inclusion. How might students of color and difference succeed in an education system that provides “no room to bloom? The authors address this challenge by exploring topics such as Aspirational Capital, Linguistic Capital, Familial Capital, Social Capital, Navigational Capital and Resistance Capital. The reader will be exposed to ideas that will help students “make a way out of no way” by working both within and against educational systems full of barriers and opportunities. Congratulations to Dr. Robinson and his colleagues as the content of this volume represents an important contribution to the extant literature. ~ Gregory A. Diggs , Denver, Colorado |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Critical Perspectives on Social Justice in Speech-Language Pathology Horton, RaMonda, 2021-06-25 There is very little discussion of socially just approaches to speech-language pathology. Within other fields of clinically-oriented practice, social justice is a topic that has received a great deal of attention within the last few years. Pedagogy for addressing social justice has been developed in other disciplines. The field of communication disorders has failed to move forward and do the same. Discussion of social justice is important given the current sociopolitical climate and landscape that clients carry out in their day-to-day functioning. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have an opportunity to engage in practices that help address and alleviate some of the injustices that contribute to educational and health disparities experienced by communities of color. They may do this through the development and application of a socially just orientation of culturally competent practice that fosters changes beyond the individual level. Adapting such a framework makes it possible for SLPs to effectively advocate for and foster equity and inclusion for the individuals and broader communities impacted by SLP services. Critical Perspectives on Social Justice in Speech-Language Pathology addresses the socio-political contexts of how the field of speech-language pathology and service delivery can impact policy and debates related to social justice issues. It explores social position factors and the experiences of marginalized communities to explore how speech-language pathologists deliver services, train and prepare students, and carry out research in communities of color. It covers topic areas including disproportionality in special education, disability rights and ableism, achievement and opportunity gaps, health disparities, and LGBTQ+ rights with a focus on voice, communication, and gender-diverse populations. This book is essential for speech-language pathologists, administrators, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in how the SLP profession and discipline can contribute to or develop efforts to help address injustices faced by Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) communities. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Affirming Disability Janet Story Sauer, Zachary Rossetti, 2019 Providing both a theoretical framework and practical strategies, this resource will help teachers, counselors, and related service providers develop understanding and empathy to improve outcomes for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students with disabilities. The text features narrative portraits of six immigrant families and their children with disabilities, including their cultural histories and personal perspectives regarding assessment, diagnosis, Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings, and other instances in which families engaged with the special education process. Using guiding questions for reflection and “Talk Back” comments from preservice students throughout the text, readers are encouraged to reflect on their own positionality and to develop nuanced and dynamic understandings of CLD children, youth, and families—countering persistent and stereotypical deficit views. “A long-overdue textbook that proactively contributes to preparing teacher candidates to know more about and better understand the diverse students they will teach.” —From the Foreword by Maria de Lourdes B. Serpa, professor emerita, Lesley University “Accessible and innovative. It will be valuable to students, teachers, and family members.” —Philip Ferguson, professor emeritus, Chapman University “This powerful and much-needed book highlights the cultural misunderstandings and systemic inequities that can occur when disability intersects with race.” —Maya Kalyanpur, University of San Diego |
| disproportionate representation in special education: The Schooling of Ethnic Minority Children and Youth Judith L. Meece, Beth Kurtz-Costes, 2001-02-01 First published in 2001. A major contributor to the increased diversity of America's schoolchildren is immigration. The United States is a nation of immigrants, but rates of immigration have varied considerably over different periods of its history. Currently, the United States is experiencing a period of high immigration, which began in the 1960. Numerous reports indicate that schools are ill prepared for the increased diversity of America's school population. This aim of this edition is to provide a set of stimulating articles that highlight the current challenges associated with the schooling of ethnic minority children and to describe some potential directions for educational researchers, both in the direction of ''pure theory development and testing and in more applied areas of intervention studies and school reform. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Book Fiesta! Pat Mora, 2016-03-29 This Pura Belpré Award–winning picture book is a bilingual ride through the joyous history of Children’s Day/El día de los niños. Children’s Day/Book Day; El día de los niños/El día de los libros has been observed on April 30th for over twelve years. Founder Pat Mora’s jubilant celebration of this day features imaginative text and lively illustrations by award-winning illustrator Rafael López that will turn this bilingual fiesta into a hit for story time! Toon! Toon! The book includes a letter from the author and suggestions for celebrating Children’s Day /El día de los niños. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Neoliberalism and Inclusive Education Sylvia Mac, 2021-09-30 Charter schools continue to grow in influence, as does the push for inclusive education for students with disabilities. What is the value and impact of these schools, especially on the marginalized populations they often serve? This book answers these questions by focusing on the topics of neoliberalism and inclusive education. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Communities in Action National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States, 2017-04-27 In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System Alan J. Dettlaff, 2020-11-27 This volume examines existing research documenting racial disproportionality and disparities in child welfare systems, the underlying factors that contribute to these phenomena and the harms that result at both the individual and community levels. It reviews multiple forms of interventions designed to prevent and reduce disproportionality, particularly in states and jurisdictions that have seen meaningful change. With contributions from authorities and leaders in the field, this volume serves as the authoritative volume on the complex issue of child maltreatment and child welfare. It offers a central source of information for students and practitioners who are seeking understanding on how structural and institutional racism can be addressed in public systems. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms, 2016-09-03 Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Dual Language Education: Teaching and Leading in Two Languages David E. DeMatthews, Elena Izquierdo, 2019-05-13 This book provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary examination of dual language education for Latina/o English language learners (ELLs) in the United States, with a particular focus on the state of Texas and the U.S.-Mexico border. The book is broken into three parts. Part I examines how Latina/o ELLs have been historically underserved in public schools and how this has contributed to numerous educational inequities. Part II examines bilingualism, biliteracy, and dual language education as an effective model for addressing the inequities identified in Part I. Part III examines research on dual language education in a large urban school district, a high-performing elementary school that serves a high proportion of ELLs along the Texas-Mexico border, and best practices for principals and teachers. This volume explores the potential and realities of dual language education from a historical and social justice lens. Most importantly, the book shows how successful programs and schools need to address and align many related aspects in order to best serve emergent bilingual Latino/as: from preparing teachers and administrators, to understanding assessment and the impacts of financial inequities on bilingual learners. Peter Sayer, The Ohio State University, USA |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Inclusive Education Elizabeth B. Kozleski, Federico R. Waitoller, 2011 This book engages readers with real-world scenarios and critical reviews on the growth of inclusive education around the world. It investigates education, equity, and the sociocultural differences in public education systems. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Educating One and All National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Testing and Assessment, Committee on Goals 2000 and the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities, 1997-06-27 In the movement toward standards-based education, an important question stands out: How will this reform affect the 10% of school-aged children who have disabilities and thus qualify for special education? In Educating One and All, an expert committee addresses how to reconcile common learning for all students with individualized education for oneâ€the unique student. The book makes recommendations to states and communities that have adopted standards-based reform and that seek policies and practices to make reform consistent with the requirements of special education. The committee explores the ideas, implementation issues, and legislative initiatives behind the tradition of special education for people with disabilities. It investigates the policy and practice implications of the current reform movement toward high educational standards for all students. Educating One and All examines the curricula and expected outcomes of standards-based education and the educational experience of students with disabilitiesâ€and identifies points of alignment between the two areas. The volume documents the diverse population of students with disabilities and their school experiences. Because approaches to assessment and accountability are key to standards-based reforms, the committee analyzes how assessment systems currently address students with disabilities, including testing accommodations. The book addresses legal and resource implications, as well as parental participation in children's education. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: DISPROPORTIONALITY IN EDUCATION AND SPECIAL EDUCATION Amity Lynn Noltemeyer, Caven S. Mcloughlin, 2012-07-01 Given the burgeoning number of diverse students in our nation’s schools, coupled with the potentially negative outcomes and wasted resources associated with the misidentification of students for special education and excessive use of exclusionary discipline for specific subgroups of students, it is imperative that educational professionals understand and address the implications arising from disproportionality for children both with and without disabilities. This text contributes unique perspectives and up-to-date information, including advances and research that have emerged since the last of the extant books was published. Presented in three sections, the first considers disproportionality in special education identification, with chapters examining overrepresentation by ethnicity, gender, and language. The second section addresses disproportionality in discipline, specifically focusing on inequalities in school disciplinary actions and juvenile justice decisions based on ethnicity and gender. The final section provides readers with approaches for addressing disproportionality and creating more equitable learning environments now and in the future. The text encourages bidirectional and evolving relationships between the topics examined in each chapter with the historical framework presented. Because of the comprehensive nature of the topics covered in the book, it is an ideal “one-stop” reference for readers aiming to acquire a broad understanding of the key issues related to the topic. The book will appeal to a range of potential readers, including university students and practitioners in the fields of education, psychology, sociology, gender studies, ethnic studies, and criminal justice as well as lay-readers interested in issues of equality and/or education. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: DisCrit—Disability Studies and Critical Race Theory in Education David J. Connor, Beth A. Ferri, Subini A. Annamma, 2016 This groundbreaking volume brings together major figures in Disability Studies in Education (DSE) and Critical Race Theory (CRT) to explore some of today’s most important issues in education. Scholars examine the achievement/opportunity gaps from both historical and contemporary perspectives, as well as the overrepresentation of minority students in special education and the school-to-prison pipeline. Chapters also address school reform and the impact on students based on race, class, and dis/ability and the capacity of law and policy to include (and exclude). Readers will discover how some students are included (and excluded) within schools and society, why some citizens are afforded expanded (or limited) opportunities in life, and who moves up in the world and who is trapped at the “bottom of the well.” Contributors: D.L. Adams, Susan Baglieri, Stephen J. Ball, Alicia Broderick, Kathleen M. Collins, Nirmala Erevelles, Edward Fergus, Zanita E. Fenton, David Gillborn, Kris Guitiérrez, Kathleen A. King Thorius, Elizabeth Kozleski, Zeus Leonardo, Claustina Mahon-Reynolds, Elizabeth Mendoza, Christina Paguyo, Laurence Parker, Nicola Rollock, Paolo Tan, Sally Tomlinson, and Carol Vincent “With a stunning set of authors, this book provokes outrage and possibility at the rich intersection of critical race, class, and disability studies, refracting back on educational policy and practices, inequities and exclusions but marking also spaces for solidarities. This volume is a must-read for preservice, and long-term educators, as the fault lines of race, (dis)ability, and class meet in the belly of educational reform movements and educational justice struggles.” —Michelle Fine, distinguished professor of Critical Psychology and Urban Education, The Graduate Center, CUNY “Offers those who sincerely seek to better understand the complexity of the intersection of race/ethnicity, dis/ability, social class, and gender a stimulating read that sheds new light on the root of some of our long-standing societal and educational inequities.” —Wanda J. Blanchett, distinguished professor and dean, Rutgers University, Graduate School of Education |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Cultural Diversity, Families, and the Special Education System Beth Harry, 1992 This work explores the quadruple disadvantage faced by the parents of poor, minority, handicapped children whose first language is not that of the school that they attend. The author's ethnographic study of 12 low-income Puerto Rican American families serves to illustrate how the present structure of the special education system disempowers parents, excluding them from the decision-making processes that categorise their children as handicapped - and ultimately, often place them at a permanent educational disadvantage. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Race in the Schoolyard Amanda E. Lewis, 2003 Annotation An exploration of how race is explicitly and implicitly handled in school. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Assessing Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Robert L. Rhodes, Salvador Hector Ochoa, Samuel O. Ortiz, 2005-04-04 This is the first book to present a practical, problem-solving approach and hands-on tools and techniques for assessing English-language learners and culturally diverse students in K-12 settings. It meets a crucial need among practitioners and special educators working in today's schools. Provided are research-based, step-by-step procedures for conducting effective interviews with students, parents, and teachers; making the best use of interpreters; addressing special issues in the prereferral process; and conducting accurate, unbiased assessments of academic achievement, intellectual functioning, language proficiency, and acculturation. Among the book's special features are reproducible worksheets, questionnaires, and checklists--including several in both English and Spanish--in a ready-to-use, large-size format. This book is in The Guilford Practical Intervention in the Schools Series. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Building An Ethical School Robert J. Starratt, 2005-06-21 The author argues for much greater attention to ethical education and responds to sceptics who say that it can't be done in the face of a pluralistic secular society badly fragmented over values. Seeking always for themes and issues that unite rather than divide, the author provides a conceptual foundation for ethical education broad enough for building consensus among teachers and parents, yet focused enough to provide guidance for highly specific learning activities. The second half of the book takes the reader through a carefully devised series of steps by which a school community might proceed in building their ethical school. The final chapter reminds of the many difficulties to be met along the way, but offers encouragement to strengthen the resolve of the school community. The book concludes with two helpful appendices: the first provides detailed information on exiting initiatives already underway in ethical education, the second offers an annotated bibliography of books and essays which are available for those educators who need or want to read more on the topic of ethical education. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Overcoming Current Challenges in the P-12 Teaching Profession Keough, Penelope D., 2019-11-29 Teachers are constantly faced with a plethora of challenges, but none has been more prevalent in the 21st century than educating a diverse collection of students. In the midst of the current challenges in teaching P-12 students, pre-service teachers may be under district contract but may not be prepared for teaching students with disabilities, the homeless, second language learners recently immigrated to the United States, or students who face emotional challenges or addiction. Overcoming Current Challenges in the P-12 Teaching Profession is an essential reference book that provides insight, strategies, and solutions to overcome current challenges experienced by P-12 teachers in general and special education. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as global education, professional development, and responsive teaching, this book is ideally designed for educators, administrators, school psychologists, counselors, academicians, researchers, and students seeking current research on culturally responsive teaching. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Second Handbook of English Language Teaching Xuesong Gao, 2019-10-23 The Second Handbook of English Language Teaching provides a comprehensive examination of policy, practice, research and theory related to English language teaching in international contexts. Over 70 chapters focus on the research foundation for best practices, frameworks for policy decisions, and areas of consensus and controversy in second-language acquisition and pedagogy. In countries around the globe, English has become the second language taught most frequently and intensively. In many countries, particularly in Asia, government policies have made English a part of the curriculum from primary school on. Demand for English teaching by parents and adult learners is fueled by the desire to increase economic competitiveness, globalization of the workforce, immigration, and a move toward lifelong learning. Immigration has led to an increased demand for English-language teaching even in countries where English is the dominant language. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools Elizabeth T. Gershoff, Kelly M. Purtell, Igor Holas, 2015-01-27 This Brief reviews the past, present, and future use of school corporal punishment in the United States, a practice that remains legal in 19 states as it is constitutionally permitted according to the U.S. Supreme Court. As a result of school corporal punishment, nearly 200,000 children are paddled in schools each year. Most Americans are unaware of this fact or the physical injuries sustained by countless school children who are hit with objects by school personnel in the name of discipline. Therefore, Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools begins by summarizing the legal basis for school corporal punishment and trends in Americans’ attitudes about it. It then presents trends in the use of school corporal punishment in the United States over time to establish its past and current prevalence. It then discusses what is known about the effects of school corporal punishment on children, though with so little research on this topic, much of the relevant literature is focused on parents’ use of corporal punishment with their children. It also provides results from a policy analysis that examines the effect of state-level school corporal punishment bans on trends in juvenile crime. It concludes by discussing potential legal, policy, and advocacy avenues for abolition of school corporal punishment at the state and federal levels as well as summarizing how school corporal punishment is being used and what its potential implications are for thousands of individual students and for the society at large. As school corporal punishment becomes more and more regulated at the state level, Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools serves an essential guide for policymakers and advocates across the country as well as for researchers, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Race, Identity, and Representation in Education Warren Crichlow, 2013-05-13 This stunning new edition retains the book's broad aims, intended audience, and multidisciplinary approach. New chapters take into account the more current backdrop of globalization, particularly events such as 9/11, and attendant developments that make a reconsideration of race relations in education quite urgent. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Race, Class, and Education Kenneth J. Meier, Joseph Stewart, Robert E. England, 1989 |
| disproportionate representation in special education: The Wiley Handbook of Diversity in Special Education Marie Tejero Hughes, Elizabeth Talbott, 2017-02-21 The Wiley Handbook of Diversity in Special Education is a state-of-the-art reference showcasing cutting-edge special education research with a focus on children and youth with disabilities from diverse cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and economic backgrounds. Cutting-edge special education research focusing on children and youth with disabilities from diverse cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and economic backgrounds An authoritative contribution to the field, this work charts a new path to effective interventions and sets an agenda for future research Addresses disabilities from an international perspective |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process Aota, 2014 As occupational therapy celebrates its centennial in 2017, attention returns to the profession's founding belief in the value of therapeutic occupations as a way to remediate illness and maintain health. The founders emphasized the importance of establishing a therapeutic relationship with each client and designing an intervention plan based on the knowledge about a client's context and environment, values, goals, and needs. Using today's lexicon, the profession's founders proposed a vision for the profession that was occupation based, client centered, and evidence based--the vision articulated in the third edition of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process. The Framework is a must-have official document from the American Occupational Therapy Association. Intended for occupational therapy practitioners and students, other health care professionals, educators, researchers, payers, and consumers, the Framework summarizes the interrelated constructs that describe occupational therapy practice. In addition to the creation of a new preface to set the tone for the work, this new edition includes the following highlights: a redefinition of the overarching statement describing occupational therapy's domain; a new definition of clients that includes persons, groups, and populations; further delineation of the profession's relationship to organizations; inclusion of activity demands as part of the process; and even more up-to-date analysis and guidance for today's occupational therapy practitioners. Achieving health, well-being, and participation in life through engagement in occupation is the overarching statement that describes the domain and process of occupational therapy in the fullest sense. The Framework can provide the structure and guidance that practitioners can use to meet this important goal. |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Multiple Voices for Ethnically Diverse Exceptional Learners Council for Exceptional Children, Arlington, VA. Div. for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Exceptional Learners, 2001 This publication presents seven articles concerned with the education of students with disabilities or special talents who also have cultural or linguistic differences. Section 1 contains the following four articles: (1) Code Switching: A Bridge or Barrier between Two Languages? (Alejandro Brice and Linda I. Rosa-Lugo); (2) Resistance Theories: Exploring the Politics of Oppositional Behavior (Scot Danforth); (3) No Easy Walk: African-American Educators Coping with Their Own Children with Special Needs (Martha S. Lue and Cheryl E. Green); and (4) Challenges and Choices in Urban Teaching: The Perspectives of General and Special Educators (Deborah L. Voltz). The second section, In the Oral Tradition presents interviews with two Latina educational leaders, Alba Ortiz and Elba Maldonado-Colon. The interview is reported by Helen Bessent Byrd in Effective Provision of Educational Services to Latino-American Children with Special Needs and Gifts. The third section provides two articles by young practitioners and researchers: The Education of Exceptional Learners: Perspectives of Multicultural College Seniors (Crystal B. Taylor and others) and Juvenile Delinquency among African-American Males: Implications for Special Education. (Individual articles contain references.) (DB) |
| disproportionate representation in special education: Persistence and Pervasion of Disproportionate Representation of African American Students in Special Education Programs Billye D. Brown, 2001 |
Disproportionality in Special Education
students receiving special education services (17.66%) is more than what would be expected given their representation in the overall student population (13.79%), these data indicate that …
Disproportionate Representation in Special Education
The State defines that a local educational agency (LEA) exceeding the State established threshold of 2.5, in a single data year, would be identified as having disproportionate …
Disproportionality in Special Education Fueled by Implicit Bias
Apr 16, 2024 · Educators chip away at racial and ethnic inequities in special education to support students, no matter their race, gender, the language they speak, or ability. Implicit bias can …
Race, Poverty, and Disproportionate Representation of
May 2, 2019 · With ‘disproportionate’ meaning that certain ethnic groups, that are culturally and linguistically diverse, are unusually overly represented in the special education programs and …
Race, poverty, and interpreting overrepresentation in special education
Sep 20, 2017 · Research is consistently showing that racial and ethnic minority students are less likely to be identified for special education than white students.
Disproportionality of specific racial and ethnic groups in special ...
The need to address the disproportionate representation of specific racial or ethnic groups in special education has been evident for several decades. Consider that Congress has twice …
Federal Policy on Disproportionality in Special Education
disproportionate representation in special education. This policy paper includes (a) a review of information on the extent, status, and causes of special education disproportionality (b) a …
Understanding Disproportionality in Special Education: …
Explore the issue of disproportionality in special education and how it can be tackled effectively. Dive into the key strategies such as advocating for educational equity, improving cultural …
Core Principles: Disproportionality in Identification for Special Education
In December of 2016, the United States Department of Education (USED) finalized guidance and regulations to address racial and ethnic disparities in special education eligibility, placement, …
Disproportionate Representation in Special Education: A …
This synthesis summarizes historical perspectives and current knowledge about disproportionate representation with respect to: (a) definitions of disproportionate representation and related …
Disproportionality in Special Education
students receiving special education services (17.66%) is more than what would be expected given their representation in the overall student population (13.79%), these data indicate that …
Disproportionate Representation in Special Education
The State defines that a local educational agency (LEA) exceeding the State established threshold of 2.5, in a single data year, would be identified as having disproportionate representation of …
Disproportionality in Special Education Fueled by Implicit Bias
Apr 16, 2024 · Educators chip away at racial and ethnic inequities in special education to support students, no matter their race, gender, the language they speak, or ability. Implicit bias can lead …
Race, Poverty, and Disproportionate Representation of
May 2, 2019 · With ‘disproportionate’ meaning that certain ethnic groups, that are culturally and linguistically diverse, are unusually overly represented in the special education programs and …
Race, poverty, and interpreting overrepresentation in special education
Sep 20, 2017 · Research is consistently showing that racial and ethnic minority students are less likely to be identified for special education than white students.
Disproportionality of specific racial and ethnic groups in special ...
The need to address the disproportionate representation of specific racial or ethnic groups in special education has been evident for several decades. Consider that Congress has twice …
Federal Policy on Disproportionality in Special Education
disproportionate representation in special education. This policy paper includes (a) a review of information on the extent, status, and causes of special education disproportionality (b) a review …
Understanding Disproportionality in Special Education: …
Explore the issue of disproportionality in special education and how it can be tackled effectively. Dive into the key strategies such as advocating for educational equity, improving cultural …
Core Principles: Disproportionality in Identification for Special Education
In December of 2016, the United States Department of Education (USED) finalized guidance and regulations to address racial and ethnic disparities in special education eligibility, placement, and …
Disproportionate Representation in Special Education: A …
This synthesis summarizes historical perspectives and current knowledge about disproportionate representation with respect to: (a) definitions of disproportionate representation and related …
