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| double counting in economics: Counting on Marilyn Waring Margunn Bjørnholt, Ailsa McKay, 2014-03-01 This edited volume maps new advances in theories and practices in feminist economics and the valuation of women, care and nature since Marilyn Waring’s groundbreaking critique of the system of national accounts, If Women Counted (1988). It features theoretical, practical and policy oriented contributions, empirical studies, and new conceptualizations, theorizations and problematizations of defining and accounting for the value of nature and unpaid household work, eco-feminism, national and international policy processes, gender budgeting, unpaid care and HIV/AIDS policy, activism and artwork, and mirrors the wide-ranging impact and resonance of Waring’s work as well as the current frontiers of feminist economics. |
| double counting in economics: First Principles of Economics Richard G. Lipsey, Colin Harbury, 1992 Introduction to economics for complete beginners |
| double counting in economics: Counting for Nothing Marilyn Waring, 1999-12-15 Safe drinking water counts for nothing. A pollution-free environment counts for nothing. Even some people - namely women - count for nothing. This is the case, at least, according to the United Nations System of National Accounts. Author Marilyn Waring, former New Zealand M.P., now professor, development consultant, writer, and goat farmer, isolates the gender bias that exists in the current system of calculating national wealth. As Waring observes, in this accounting system women are considered 'non-producers' and as such they cannot expect to gain from the distribution of benefits that flow from production. Issues like nuclear warfare, environmental conservation, and poverty are likewise excluded from the calculation of value in traditional economic theory. As a result, public policy, determined by these same accounting processes, inevitably overlooks the importance of the environment and half the world's population. Counting for Nothing, originally published in 1988, is a classic feminist analysis of women's place in the world economy brought up to date in this reprinted edition, including a sizeable new introduction by the author. In her new introduction, the author updates information and examples and revisits the original chapters with appropriate commentary. In an accessible and often humorous manner, Waring offers an explanation of the current economic systems of accounting and thoroughly outlines ways to ensure that the significance of the environment and the labour contributions of women receive the recognition they deserve. |
| double counting in economics: Understanding National Accounts Second Edition Lequiller François, Blades Derek, 2014-10-20 This is an update of OECD 2006 Understanding National Accounts. It contains new data, new chapters and is adapted to the new systems of national accounts, SNA 2008 and ESA 2010. |
| double counting in economics: Depreciation, Inflation, and the Taxation of Income from Capital Charles R. Hulten, Janice McCallum, Urban Institute, 1981 |
| double counting in economics: Economic Analysis of Projects Lyn Squire, Herman G. van der Tak, World Bank, 1975-01-01 Basic notions of cost-benefit analysis; Derivation of shadow prices; Estimation of shadow prices; Technical derivation of shadow prices. |
| double counting in economics: National Income and Its Composition, 1919-1938 Simon Smith Kuznets, Lillian Epstein, Elizabeth Jenks, 1941 |
| double counting in economics: Introductory Economics Arleen J. Hoag, John H. Hoag, 2006 This carefully constructed textbook empowers the reader with an understanding of fundamental economic concepts. There are 31 ?one-concept? chapters. Each short chapter highlights one economic principle. The student can study one concept and be reinforced by the learning process before proceeding to another. The writing is lucid and at the student's level. Self-review exercises conclude each chapter. The text is well integrated to show the relationship among the basic concepts and to offer a comprehensive overview of economics. The one-concept chapters provide organizational flexibility for the instructor. There are eight modules: The Economic Problem; Price Determination; Behind the Supply Curve; Measuring the Economy, The Level of Income; Money; Trade; Conclusion.A study guide is available on line without charge. Each chapter in the text has a corresponding chapter in the study guide as well as an introduction to graphing. |
| double counting in economics: Calculating Trade in Value Added Aqib Aslam, Natalija Novta, Fabiano Rodrigues-Bastos, 2017-08-07 This paper sets out the key concepts necessary to calculate trade in value added using input-output tables. We explain the basic structure of an input-output table and the matrix algebra behind the computation of trade in value added statistics. Specifically, we compute measures of domestic value-added, foreign value added, and forward and backward linkages, as well as measures of both a country’s participation and position in global value chains. We work in detail with an example of a global input-output table for 3 countries each with 4 sectors, provided by the Eora Multi-Region Input-Output (MRIO) database. The aim is to provide an introduction to the analysis of global value chains for use in policy work. An accompanying suite of Matlab codes are provided that can be used with the full set of Eora MRIO tables. |
| double counting in economics: Principles of Economics-Second Edition , |
| double counting in economics: Principles of Macroeconomics for AP® Courses 2e Steven A. Greenlaw, David Shapiro, Timothy Taylor, 2017 Principles of Macroeconomics for AP® Courses 2e covers the scope and sequence requirements for an Advanced Placement® macroeconomics course and is listed on the College Board's AP® example textbook list. The second edition includes many current examples and recent data from FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data), which are presented in a politically equitable way. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of economics concepts. The second edition was developed with significant feedback from current users. In nearly all chapters, it follows the same basic structure of the first edition. General descriptions of the edits are provided in the preface, and a chapter-by-chapter transition guide is available for instructors. |
| double counting in economics: economics third edition Feliciano R. Fajardo, 1995 |
| double counting in economics: The Economics of Welfare Arthur Cecil Pigou, 1920 |
| double counting in economics: A Textbook of Macro Economics For Class XII KAVITA VATS, A Textbook on Macro Economics |
| double counting in economics: Economics: European Edition Paul Krugman, Robin Wells, Kathryn Graddy, 2007-04-06 Economics: European Edition is the ideal text for introductory economics, bringing together an international scope of real world examples and economic theory. The text is supported by a number of features to enhance student understanding as well as supplements to consolidate the learning process. |
| double counting in economics: Economics Model Paper Chapter wise Question Answer With Marking Scheme Class XII SBPD Editorial Board, 2020-11-02 1. 100% Based on NCERT Guidelines. 2. Important questions have been include chapterwise and unitwise. 3. Previous year questions with answers of board examinations have been included. 4. Solved Model Test Papers for board examination preparation for the current year have been included. Part-A: Introductory Micro Economics 1. Introduction, 2. Consumer Behavior and Demand, 3. Producer Behavior and Supply, 4. From of Market and Price Determination, 5. Simple Application of Tools of Demand and Supply Curves Part-B : Introductory Macro Economics 6. Concepts and Aggregates Related to National Income, 2. Money and Banking, 3. Determination of Income and Employment, 4. Government Budget and the Economy, 5. Balance of Payment and Exchange Rate, Model Paper: Set I–IV Board Examination Paper |
| double counting in economics: Principles of Economics John Sloman, Keith Norris, Dean Garrett, 2013-09-13 Economics for today’s student! Principles of Economics is designed with one overriding aim: to make this exciting and highly relevant subject clear, accessible and easy to understand. The text puts economics in the context of the real world, bringing the subject alive and giving students an insight into the economy in which we live and the economic forces that shape our lives. The distinguishing features of this resource are its clarity and conciseness, which make Principles of Economics ideally suited to introductory courses in economics largely inhabited by business studies students and other non-economics majors. |
| double counting in economics: Good Economics for Hard Times Abhijit V. Banerjee, Esther Duflo, 2019-11-12 The winners of the Nobel Prize show how economics, when done right, can help us solve the thorniest social and political problems of our day. Figuring out how to deal with today's critical economic problems is perhaps the great challenge of our time. Much greater than space travel or perhaps even the next revolutionary medical breakthrough, what is at stake is the whole idea of the good life as we have known it. Immigration and inequality, globalization and technological disruption, slowing growth and accelerating climate change--these are sources of great anxiety across the world, from New Delhi and Dakar to Paris and Washington, DC. The resources to address these challenges are there--what we lack are ideas that will help us jump the wall of disagreement and distrust that divides us. If we succeed, history will remember our era with gratitude; if we fail, the potential losses are incalculable. In this revolutionary book, renowned MIT economists Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo take on this challenge, building on cutting-edge research in economics explained with lucidity and grace. Original, provocative, and urgent, Good Economics for Hard Times makes a persuasive case for an intelligent interventionism and a society built on compassion and respect. It is an extraordinary achievement, one that shines a light to help us appreciate and understand our precariously balanced world. |
| double counting in economics: Economics, Politics, and American Public Policy James J. Gosling, Marc Allen Eisner, 2015-01-28 This text introduces students to the interrelationship of politics and economics in American public policymaking: how economic concerns have been legislated into law since Franklin Roosevelt's time and how politics (e.g., Washington gridlock) affects the economy and the making of public policy. Students learn how to measure various indicators of economic performance, how the U.S. economy works (domestically and with international linkages), and how and why policymakers act to stabilise an economy in an economic downturn. Additionally, many social insurance programs (Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid) are explained and the current fiscal issues concerning current/future costs are treated in some detail. The book concludes with a full chapter case study on the Obama administration's response to the Great Recession and its dealings with Congress; the implementation of the Affordable Care Act is also discussed. |
| double counting in economics: Economics Class 12 Dr. Anupam Agarwal, Mrs. Sharad Agarwal, 2023-03-24 Part A : Introductory Micro Economics 1.Micro Economics : An Introduction, 2. Central Problems of an Economy, 3. Consumer’s Equilibrium, 4. Demand and Law of Demand, 5. Price Elasticity of Demand, 6. Production Function : Returns to a Factor and Returns to Scale, 7. Production Costs, 8. Concepts of Revenue, 9. Producer’s Equilibrium : Meaning and Conditions, 10. Supply and Law of Supply, 11. Elasticity of Supply, 12. Different Forms of Market : Meaning and Features, 13. Market Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition and Effects of Shifts in Demand & Supply, 14. Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply, Part B : Introductory Macro Economics 15. Macro Economics : Meaning, 16. Circular Flow of Income, 17. Concepts and Aggregates related to National Income, 18. Measurement of National Income, 19. Money : Meaning, Evolution and Functions, 20. Commercial Banks and Credit Creation, 21. Central Bank : Meaning and Functions, 22. Recent Significant Reforms and Issues in Indian Banking System : Privatisation and Modernisation, 23. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Related Concepts (Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Save and Investment), 24. Short Run Equilibrium Output, 25. Investment Multiplier and its Mechanism, 26. Problems of Deficient and Excess Demand, 27. Measures to Correct Deficient Demand and Excess Demand, 28. Government Budget and Economy, 29. Foreign Exchange Rate, 30. Balance of Payment Accounts : Meaning and Components. Model Paper Board Examination Papers |
| double counting in economics: Core Economics with video lecture for Class 12 S. K. Agarwala, Goyal Brothers Prakashan, 2021-04-01 The present thoroughly revised and updated edition of Core Economics with Video Lectures is strictly according to the latest syllabus prescribed by the CBSE, New Delhi of Class XII. As in the previous editions, I have kept the treatment as simple as possible and confined the scope of each topic to the requirement of the syllabus. The treatment has been supplemented by the real life examples and numerical illustrations to enhance the understanding of the subject. This book is an outcome of my interaction with a large number of teachers in the Orientation Programmes organised by the CBSE and KVS in various parts of India and by School Associations in UAE and Kuwait. I have taken care of the suggestions and observations made by the teachers. My sincere thanks to them. Goyal Brothers Prakashan |
| double counting in economics: Cost Curves and Supply Curves Jacob Viner, 2014-09-01 |
| double counting in economics: Handbook on the Economics of Sport Wladimir Andreff, Stefan Szymanski, 2006 The editors should be commended for taking on such a big task, and succeeding so well. This book should be in the library of every institution where students have to write a paper that may be related to sport, or on the shelf of any lecturer teaching economics or public finance who has even a remote interest in sport. The material is very accessible, and useful in many different settings. Ruud H. Koning, Jahrbücher f. Nationalökonomie u. Statistik Edward Elgar s brilliant market niche is identifying a topic in economics, finding editors who know the area backwards and challenging them to assemble the best cross-section of relevant articles either already published or newly commissioned. Handbook on the Economics of Sport is Edward Elgar at its very best. If you love economics you ll find many fascinating insights here; if you love sport but know little economics then this book is mostly accessible and will teach you a lot; and if you are a sports-mad economist then you will be in hog heaven. Furthermore, if, like this reviewer, you are broadly very sceptical about the reports consultants produce for governments on the supposed economic windfall from hosting a big event or subsidising a stadium then you will get a lot of good counter-arguments in this volume. Indeed there are several chapters on the above theme that I m sure I ll be copying frequently to government officials in years to come. . . The demand for sport is a fascinating subject and it is hard to pick out just one chapter from the second section. Read them all they make a wonderful 65-page treat. . . Part VI was a real feast, a smorgasbord. . . This is a magnificent piece of work and the 36-page index rounds it all off splendidly. John Blundell, Economic Affairs The book covers the most important areas of research of an emerging economic sub-discipline spanning the past half a century. It serves admirably the purpose of an introduction into the rich and growing area of reflection for all concerned. . . the editors and authors of the Handbook have done a commendable job of accumulating sophisticated material for many economists, managers, politicians and self-conscious fans, who are sure to find excellent training ground for the whole heptathlon. . . This book will be invaluable for advanced students investigating professional sport. From the point of view of lawyers, particularly those engaged with the relationship between law and sports governance, the Handbook offers invaluable analysis of the economic issues that are alluded to in those debates but rarely examined in detail. . . These insights will also prove useful for policy analysts and sports administrators for whom many sections should be considered mandatory reading. Aleksander Sulejewicz, Journal of Contemporary European Research Over 800 pages on the economics of sport. What a feast! What a treat! The editors have done a wonderful job both in terms of breadth from David Beckham to child labour in Pakistan and depth, tournaments and luxury taxes for example. . . The 86 chapters are uniformly of a very high standard and illuminating. And there are real gems in some of the contributions. British Journal on the Economics of Sport This very interesting and comprehensive book achieves its objective, namely to present an overview of research in sports economics at an introductory level. . . [The editors] have produced an excellent reference book that belongs in all academic institutions libraries. It provides extensive introduction to the growing body of literature in the rising field of economics of sport. The book s relevant monographs should be read by institutions, cities and countries prior to their committing major resources towards sports facilities or a sporting event. James Angresano, Journal of Sports Economics One could think of this book as the sports-and-economics counterpart to Joy of Cooking, because it will satisfy the needs of those with a keen interest in such subjects as the |
| double counting in economics: Economics Class XII by Dr. Anupam Agarwal, Mrs. Sharad Agarwal (SBPD Publications) Dr. Anupam Agarwal, Mrs. Sharad Agarwal, 2021-07-06 Strictly according to the latest syllabus prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Delhi and State Boards of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Haryana, H.P. etc. & Navodaya, Kasturba, Kendriya Vidyalayas etc. following CBSE curriculum based on NCERT guidelines. Part A : Introductory Micro Economics 1.Micro Economics : An Introduction, 2. Central Problems of an Economy, 3. Consumer’s Equilibrium, 4. Demand and Law of Demand, 5. Price Elasticity of Demand, 6. Production Function : Returns to a Factor and Returns to Scale, 7. Production Costs, 8. Concepts of Revenue, 9. Producer’s Equilibrium : Meaning and Conditions, 10. Supply and Law of Supply, 11. Elasticity of Supply, 12. Different Forms of Market : Meaning and Features, 13. Market Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition and Effects of Shifts in Demand & Supply, 14. Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply, Part B : Introductory Macro Economics 15. Macro Economics : Meaning, 16. Circular Flow of Income, 17. Concepts and Aggregates related to National Income, 18. Measurement of National Income, 19. Money : Meaning, Evolution and Functions, 20. Commercial Banks and Credit Creation, 21. Central Bank : Meaning and Functions, 22. Recent Significant Reforms and Issues in Indian Banking System : Privatisation and Modernisation, 23. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Related Concepts (Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Save and Investment), 24. Short Run Equilibrium Output, 25. Investment Multiplier and its Mechanism, 26. Problems of Deficient and Excess Demand, 27. Measures to Correct Deficient Demand and Excess Demand, 28. Government Budget and Economy, 29. Foreign Exchange Rate, 30. Balance of Payment Accounts : Meaning and Components. Model Paper Board Examination Papers |
| double counting in economics: Managerial Economics 2Nd Ed. MAHESHWARI, YOGESH, 2005-03-01 For courses in managerial economics, this textbook, now in its second edition, is specifically designed for students of management, commerce and economics to provide them with a thorough understanding of economic concepts and methodologies and the economic environment influencing managerial decisions. The book first lays a sound theoretical foundation of basic concepts, definitions, and methodologies of economics, being an essential prerequisite for students to understand the theory of managerial economics. All the basic principles are introduced with mathematical complexity kept to minimum - essentials of applied mathematics needed for comprehending the underlying ideas of models and theories of economics are covered. The book then moves on to systematically enumerate the various tools of analysis such as demand analysis, cost analysis, elasticity of demand, production analysis and price theory, and highlights their importance in managerial decision making through the concept-example format, wherein a concept discussed is immediately followed by a practical situation so that the reader can understand its application. The end-of-chapter questions reinforce a deeper understanding of the concepts introduced in the text. An exclusive chapter on linear programming emphasizes the importance of this mathematical tool in finding optimal business solutions. The book concludes with an exhaustive introduction to macroeconomics, analyzing in depth the concepts of inflation, income, savings and investments, and growth and employment in Indian context. - Extensively revised chapter on microeconomics introduces the students to the concepts of aggregates of income, growth and employment. - Case studies, at the end of all chapters, of real life situations of the Indian economy immensely help in grasping the theoretical concepts. |
| double counting in economics: A Concise Guide to Macroeconomics, Second Edition David Moss, 2014-07-15 Understanding the Ground Rules for the Global Economy In this revised and updated edition of A Concise Guide to Macroeconomics, David A. Moss draws on his years of teaching at Harvard Business School to explain important macro concepts using clear and engaging language. This guidebook covers the essentials of macroeconomics and examines, in a simple and intuitive way, the core ideas of output, money, and expectations. Early chapters leave you with an understanding of everything from fiscal policy and central banking to business cycles and international trade. Later chapters provide a brief monetary history of the United States as well as the basics of macroeconomic accounting. You’ll learn why countries trade, why exchange rates move, and what makes an economy grow. Moss’s detailed examples will arm you with a clear picture of how the economy works and how key variables impact business and will equip you to anticipate and respond to major macroeconomic events, such as a sudden depreciation of the real exchange rate or a steep hike in the federal funds rate. Read this book from start to finish for a complete overview of macroeconomics, or use it as a reference when you’re confronted with specific challenges, like the need to make sense of monetary policy or to read a balance of payments statement. Either way, you’ll come away with a broad understanding of the subject and its key pieces, and you’ll be empowered to make smarter business decisions. |
| double counting in economics: Health Economics Barbara McPake, Charles Normand, Samantha Smith, Anne Nolan, 2013-06-07 This third edition of Barbara McPake and Charles Normand’s textbook confirms it as providing the only properly international treatment of health economics on the market. A key tenet of the book is its analysis of comparative health systems across borders, and the text has been updated and revised to take account of changes in a host of countries. Barack Obama’s reforms in the United States are considered alongside the provision of healthcare in China, providing a unique overview of these different approaches. The introduction of performance related payment in various forms is appraised, with the experience of developing countries such as Cambodia, Rwanda and Uganda important in this regard. An overview of the range of mathematical techniques available to perform economic evaluation in healthcare is also introduced, although the text avoids becoming too technical. In all, the text builds on the success of the first edition and provides the perfect introduction to the fast changing world of health economics. |
| double counting in economics: Principles of Economics Volume 1 of 2 Textbook Equity Edition, 2014-03-31 This is Volume 1 of 2, covering Chapters 1 - 23 of 34 chapters. Volume 2 covers chapters 24 - 34 plus the appendices. See WWW.textbookequity.org/principles-of-economics Excerpt: Principles of Economics is designed for a two-semester principles of economics sequence. The text has been developed to meet the scope and sequence of most introductory courses. At the same time, the book includes a number of innovative features designed to enhance student learning. Instructors can also customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom. The pedagogical choices, chapter arrangements, and learning objective fulfillment were developed and vetted with feedback from educators dedicated to the project. They thoroughly read the material and offered critical and detailed commentary. The outcome is a balanced approach to micro and macro economics, to both Keynesian and classical views, and to the theory and application of economics concepts. |
| double counting in economics: Double Accounting for Goodwill Martin Bloom, 2013-05-13 Goodwill, sometimes purchased but often more significantly internally generated, is the major constituent of the value of many listed companies. Accounting aims to provide users of financial statements with useful information, and more than fifty current International Financial Reporting Standards prescribe accounting disclosure requirements in minute detail. However, these Standards dismiss internally generated goodwill with a single brief provision that it is not to be brought to account at all. The impairment regime now laid down for dealing with purchased goodwill contains severe flaws, while previous methods have also been found to be unsatisfactory. This book traces the history of the goodwill accounting controversy in detail and demonstrates that it has been a prime example of an issue ‘conceived in a way that it is in principle unsolvable’. It explores the problem of recognising the importance of goodwill as a whole and finding a way of presenting meaningful information regarding it in the context of the financial statements. The author’s proposed solution builds upon research undertaken and uses a Market Capitalization Statement, based on a modification of nineteenth century ‘double accounting’ in a modern context. Examples show that the proposed Market Capitalization Statement has the potential to provide significant information not currently available form conventional financial statements, which in turn are freed to present clearer information. |
| double counting in economics: X-Kit Undergraduate Economics , 2004 |
| double counting in economics: Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous Years' Solved Papers, Yearwise (2013-2023) Commerce (Economics, Business studies, Mathematics, Accountancy, English Core)Class 12 Book (For 2024 Exam) Oswaal Editorial Board, 2023-06-15 Description of the Product: • 100% Updated: with the Latest CBSE Board Paper 2023 • Valuable Exam Insights: with Out-of-Syllabus Questions highlighted • 100% Exam readiness: with Commonly Made Errors and Answering Tips • Concept Clarity: with Topper’s and Board Marking Scheme Answers • Crisp revision: with Mind Maps and Revision Notes |
| double counting in economics: The Dictionary of Modern Economics D. W. Pearce, 1983-07-14 |
| double counting in economics: Oswal-Gurukul Economics Chapterwise Objective + Subjective for CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Exam Oswal - Gurukul, 2022-01-09 |
| double counting in economics: CliffsAP Economics Micro & Macro Ronald Pirayoff, 2007-05-03 CliffsAP study guides help you gain an edge on Advanced Placement* exams. Review exercises, realistic practice exams, and effective test-taking strategies are the key to calmer nerves and higher AP* scores. CliffsAP Economics Micro & Macro is for students who are enrolled in AP Economics or who are preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination in Economics to earn college credit and/or placement into advanced coursework at the college level. Inside, you’ll find test-taking strategies, a clear explanation of the exam format, a look at how exams are graded, and more: A topic-by-topic look at what’s on the exam Reviews of both micro- and macroeconomics A checklist of the materials you’ll need on test day Four full-length practice tests Sample questions (and answers!) and practice tests reinforce what you’ve learned in areas such as product and factor markets, supply and demand, and price elasticity. CliffsAP Economics Mirco & Macro also includes information on the following: Gross Domestic Product Aggregate supply and demand Fiscal policies Production costs Profit maximizations The government’s role International economics This comprehensive guide offers a thorough review of key concepts and detailed answer explanations. It’s all you need to do your best — and get the college credits you deserve. *Advanced Placement Program and AP are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse this product. |
| double counting in economics: NCERT Economics Class 12 Revised 17th Edition for the Session of 2024-25 Dr. Anupam Agrawal, Mrs. Sharad Agrawal, 2024-03-15 Part A : Introductory Micro Economics 1. Micro Economics : An Introduction 2. Economy & its Central Problems 3. Consumer’s Equilibrium 4. Demand and Law of Demand 5. Price Elasticity of Demand 6. Production Function : Returns to a Factor and Returns to Scale 7. Production Costs 8. Concepts of Revenue 9. Producer’s Equilibrium : Meaning and Conditions 10. Supply and Law of Supply 11. Elasticity of Supply 12. Different Forms of Market : Meaning and Features 13. Market Equilibrium Under Perfect Competition and Effects of Shifts in Demand & Supply 14. Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply. Part B : Introductory Macro Economics 15. Macro Economics : Meaning 16. Circular Flow of Income 17. Concepts and Aggregates related to National Income 18. Measurement of National Income 19. Money : Meaning, Evolution and Functions 20. Commercial Banks and Credit Creation 21. Central Bank : Meaning and Functions 22. Recent Significant Reforms and Issues in Indian Banking System : Privatisation and Modernisation 23. Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Related Concepts Propensity to Consume, Propensity to Save and Investment) 24. Short Run Equilibrium Output 25. Investment Multiplier and its Mechanism 26. Problems of Deficient and Excess Demand 27. Measures to Correct Deficient Demand and Excess Demand 28. Government Budget and Economy 29. Foreign Exchange Rate 30. Balance of Payment Accounts : Meaning and Components Board Examination Papers |
| double counting in economics: Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes M. F. Drummond, 2005 The highly successful textbook Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care is now available in its third edition. Over the years it has become the standard textbook in the field world-wide. It mirrors the huge expansion of the field of economic evaluation in health care. This new edition builds on the strengths of previous editions being clearly written in a style accessible to a wide readership. Key methodological principles are outlined using a critical appraisal checklist that can be applied to any published study. The methodological features of the basic forms of analysis are then explained in more detail with special emphasis of the latest views on productivity costs, the characterization of uncertainty and the concept of net benefit. The book has been greatly revised and expanded especially concerning analyzing patient-level data and decision-analytic modeling. There is discussion of new methodological approaches, including cost effectiveness acceptability curves, net benefit regression, probalistic sensitivity analysis and value of information analysis. There is an expanded chapter on the use of economic evaluation, including discussion of the use of cost-effectiveness thresholds, equity considerations and the transferability of economic data. This new edition is required for anyone commissioning, undertaking or using economic evaluations in health care, and will be popular with health service professionals, health economists, pharmacists and health care decision makers. It is especially relevant for those taking pharmacoeconomics courses. |
| double counting in economics: Routledge Dictionary of Economics Donald Rutherford, 2013-06-26 The Routledge Dictionary of Economics, now in its third edition, provides the clearest, most authoritative definition of economic and financial terms available. The book is perfect for students and professionals interested in a broad range of disciplines including Business, Economics, Finance, and Accountancy and all additional subjects where a knowledge of these fields of essential. The dictionary has been updated to reflect the economic changes of the new Millennium including the emergence of experimental and behavioural economics, new political economy, the importance of institutions, globalization, environmental economics, financial crises and the economic emergence of China and India. It’s an international dictionary that includes succinctly explained A to Z entries and definitive explanations of the key terms, accompanied by a short bibliography and comprising supplementary online definitions. In a world where the reader is met with a barrage of conflicting and competing information, this book continues to provide a definitive guide to economics. |
| double counting in economics: Problems of Economics , 1986 |
| double counting in economics: Objective Economics M. Northrup Buechner, 2011-06-13 Every price is set by someone; this is where economics begins. Building on that fundamental idea and on Ayn Rand’s philosophy of Objectivism, Objective Economics transforms economics. The thesis of this book is that Ayn Rand’s concept of “objective” is the indispensible base of valid economic thought. Consistently applying this idea across the board, the author reaches a general theory of price for the first time in the history of economic thought. This theory of price then provides a valid base for explaining how a free economy functions. Based on facts everyone knows, presented without graphs or higher mathematics, Objective Economics makes accessible to the intelligent layman a clear understanding of how the economy works. For everyone who found college economics impenetrable—and that is just about everyone—this is the book. The thesis of Objective Economics changes everything about economics, including economics’ method, the conception of the economy, the meaning of competition, the idea of price, the nature of business costs, the concept of supply, the concept of demand, the law of supply and demand, the theory of price, and the theory of total national output. Overall, as the result of all the preceding, Objective Economics demonstrates that capitalism is the practical economic system. |
| double counting in economics: Economics in Christian Perspective Victor V. Claar, Robin J. Klay, 2015-04-21 Victor Claar and Robin Klay introduce students to the basic principles of economics and then evaluate the principles and issues as seen from a Christian perspective. This textbook places the economic life in the context of Christian discipleship and stewardship. This text is for use in any course needing a survey of the principles of economics. |
What is the difference between float and double? - Stack Overflow
Dec 31, 2021 · Type double, 64 bits long, has a bigger range (*10^+/-308) and 15 digits precision. Type long double is nominally 80 bits, though a given compiler/OS pairing may store it as 12 …
How do I print a double value with full precision using cout?
Dec 17, 2020 · A double is a floating point type, not fixed point. Do not use std::fixed as that fails to print small double as anything but 0.000...000. For large double, it prints many digits, …
Difference between long double and double in C and C++
Apr 22, 2015 · The standard only requires that long double is at least as precise as double, so some compilers will simply treat long double as if it is the same as double. But, on most x86 …
Correct format specifier for double in printf - Stack Overflow
Format %lf is a perfectly correct printf format for double, exactly as you used it. There's nothing wrong with your code. There's nothing wrong with your code. Format %lf in printf was not …
Reading in double values with scanf in c - Stack Overflow
Oct 7, 2017 · I found out that there is a problem with the length of double on 32 bit OS, so that you are forced to use scanf("%lf", &f) to read in a double. No matter what I do, second value is …
decimal vs double! - Which one should I use and when?
Jul 22, 2009 · To clear this up double does not have 16 digits - that is only the number of meaningful digits. Floats are based around exponents in base 2 math - some base 10 …
How to Code Double Quotes via HTML Codes - Stack Overflow
Feb 28, 2013 · I was just curious as to why there needs to be 3 different ways to code a double quotes in html codes, for example. – H. Ferrence Commented Feb 28, 2013 at 12:48
Difference between decimal, float and double in .NET?
Mar 6, 2009 · Double: It is also a floating binary point type variable with double precision and 64 bits size(15-17 significant figures). Double are probably the most generally used data type for …
What is the size of float and double in C and C++? [duplicate]
Aug 27, 2014 · The set of values of the type float is a subset of the set of values of the type double; the set of values of the type double is a subset of the set of values of the type long …
What does the !! (double exclamation mark) operator do in …
The double negation operator !! calculates the truth value of a value. It's actually two operators, where !!x means !(!x), and behaves as follows: If x is a false value, !x is true, and !!x is false. If …
