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| dual language programs in texas: Dual Language Education Kathryn J. Lindholm-Leary, 2001-01-01 Dual language education is a program that combines language minority and language majority students for instruction through two languages. This book provides the conceptual background for the program and discusses major implementation issues. Research findings summarize language proficiency and achievement outcomes from 8000 students at 20 schools, along with teacher and parent attitudes. |
| dual language programs in texas: Dual Language Education: Teaching and Leading in Two Languages David E. DeMatthews, Elena Izquierdo, 2019-05-13 This book provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary examination of dual language education for Latina/o English language learners (ELLs) in the United States, with a particular focus on the state of Texas and the U.S.-Mexico border. The book is broken into three parts. Part I examines how Latina/o ELLs have been historically underserved in public schools and how this has contributed to numerous educational inequities. Part II examines bilingualism, biliteracy, and dual language education as an effective model for addressing the inequities identified in Part I. Part III examines research on dual language education in a large urban school district, a high-performing elementary school that serves a high proportion of ELLs along the Texas-Mexico border, and best practices for principals and teachers. This volume explores the potential and realities of dual language education from a historical and social justice lens. Most importantly, the book shows how successful programs and schools need to address and align many related aspects in order to best serve emergent bilingual Latino/as: from preparing teachers and administrators, to understanding assessment and the impacts of financial inequities on bilingual learners. Peter Sayer, The Ohio State University, USA |
| dual language programs in texas: Dual Language Bilingual Education Kathryn I. Henderson, Deborah K. Palmer, 2020-04-15 This book explores the role of the teacher in dual language bilingual education (DLBE) implementation in a time of nationwide program expansion, in large part due to new and unprecedented top-down initiatives at state and district level. The book provides case studies of DLBE teachers who: (a) implemented the DLBE model with fidelity; (b) struggled to implement the DLBE model; and (c) adapted the DLBE model to meet the needs of their local classroom context. The book demonstrates the way teachers as language policymakers navigate and interpret district-wide DLBE implementation and the tensions that surface through this process. The research, conducted over four years using a variety of methods, highlights the challenges and opportunities faced by teachers implementing DLBE, and will be of interest to both teachers and administrators of DLBE programs as well as scholars working in bilingual education. |
| dual language programs in texas: Dual Language Essentials for Teachers and Administrators Yvonne S. Freeman, David E. Freeman, Sandra Mercuri, 2018 Dual Language Essentials for Teachers and Administratorshas been widely used as a guide for planning and implementing dual language programs. The Second Edition provides the latest theory, research, and best practices by drawing on the experiences of administrators and teachers in successful one-way and two-way bilingual dual language programs. Readable and practical, this edition features: - video clips illustrating powerful and effective strategies in dual language classrooms - an explanation of translanguaging and the changing views of bilinguals and bilingualism - examples of teachers using translanguaging strategies - the addition of essentials for secondary dual language programs - an explanation of long- and short-term curriculum planning and implementation - a discussion of academic and social equity in dual language programs - a description of best practices in biliteracy instruction. Dual Language Essentials for Teachers and Administrators, Second Edition will be your essential guide for planning and implementing a dual language program. |
| dual language programs in texas: Mandarin Chinese Dual Language Immersion Programs Ko-Yin Sung, Hsiao-Mei Tsai, 2019-06-05 This book discusses multiple aspects of Chinese dual language immersion (DLI) programs, with a focus on the controversial Utah model. The first part of the book focuses on the parents, teachers, and school administrators. It looks at the perceptions of the three groups toward the Utah model, how they build a supportive DLI classroom with an emphasis on teacher–teacher and teacher–parent communication, and how the teachers position themselves in teaching through their teacher identities. The second part of the book emphasizes classroom research and explores teaching and learning strategies, corrective feedback and learner uptake and repair, translanguaging in authentic teacher–student interaction, and Chinese-character teaching. As the first DLI book to include a non-alphabetical language, Chinese, it addresses the need for more research on DLI programs of languages other than Spanish. The book will benefit not only Chinese DLI educators and administrators in the US, but will also offer some useful suggestions and thoughts to educators and administrators of similar programs worldwide. |
| dual language programs in texas: The Essentials Iliana Alanis, Maria G. Arreguin-Anderson, Irasema Salinas-Gonzalez, 2021-02-02 This book answers the question what do early childhood educators need to understand to better address the linguistic, cognitive, and socioemotional needs of all DLLs in their classrooms? |
| dual language programs in texas: ELs in Texas: What School Leaders Need to Know John Seidlitz, Melinda Base, Mónica Lara, Mary Martin, 2020-06-25 School leaders need a convenient and accessible resource that integrates the voluminous amounts of information in their binders, books, and manuals into one easy-to-read resource. The updated (Third Edition) of ELs in Texas:What School Leaders Need to Know responds to this need with an understanding of the overwhelming tasks required of school administrators, bilingual/esl coordinators, and instructional coaches/specialists on a daily basis. This comprehensive resource includes: • explanations of current policy and law • information and guidance related to • federal and Texas state law for ELs • a convenient and efficient resource for school leaders at all levels of experience • a collection of current and relevant statutes, codes, and guidance for leading programs. This resource is best experienced in the Google Play Books app on your tablet or in the Adobe Digital Edition e-reader on desktop/laptop. |
| dual language programs in texas: America's Bilingual Century Steve Leveen, 2021-01-04 How can Americans make our country stronger, kinder, smarter? By marshaling our enviable can-do ethic and learning another language. We can do it, no matter what our age: author Steve Leveen chose Spanish as his adopted language in midlife. America's Bilingual Century is filled with tips for learning a language, some mechanical--like changing your phone and laptop settings to your adopted language--and some philosophical. For instance, start by having a place in your life where you'll use the language, Steve says. The where makes the how more attainable. And recognize that, as with any adoption, you do it for love, and for life--so don't fret when you're not fluent in five months. If you have kids, start them young. You'll be glad you did when you read about the explosive growth of dual language schools across the country and the significant, measurable advantages they give our young people. Steve also takes us to the top summer language immersion camps, for both children and adults. And he shares his findings from leading language scholars, teachers, sociolinguists, app creators, and bilinguals of all stripes that he discovered during his dozen years of research. Then he topples 12 myths about Americans and languages that no longer hold in this century. Like thinking the whole world speaks English (it doesn't), that being monolingual is natural (it isn't), and that Americans suck at language (quite the opposite, as he demonstrates). Here and now in the 21st century, America is embracing its many ethnic and cultural heritages. How natural, then, that we enfold the many languages that these heritages thrive on as part of that quintessentially American pursuit of happiness. If you've never thought of bilingualism as being a patriotic act, America's Bilingual Century may persuade you otherwise. Knowing a second language changes the way we perceive the world, and the way the world perceives us. English is what unites us, Steve says. Our other languages are what define and strengthen us. And even if becoming bilingual leans more toward aspiration than arrival, that's okay. The journey is as rewarding as the destination. |
| dual language programs in texas: Educating Across Borders María Teresa de la Piedra, Blanca Araujo, Alberto Esquinca, 2018-11-20 Educating Across Borders is an ethnography of the learning experiences of transfronterizxs, border-crossing students who live on the U.S.-Mexico border, their lives spanning two countries and two languages. Authors María Teresa de la Piedra, Blanca Araujo, and Alberto Esquinca examine language practices and funds of knowledge these students use as learning resources to navigate through their binational, dual language school experiences. The authors, who themselves live and work on the border, question artificially created cultural and linguistic borders. To explore this issue, they employed participant-observation, focus groups, and individual interviews with teachers, administrators, and staff members to construct rich understandings of the experiences of transfronterizx students. These ethnographic accounts of their daily lives counter entrenched deficit perspectives about transnational learners. Drawing on border theory, immigration and border studies, funds of knowledge, and multimodal literacies, Educating Across Borders is a critical contribution toward the formation of a theory of physical and metaphorical border crossings that ethnic minoritized students in U.S. schools must make as they traverse the educational system. |
| dual language programs in texas: Coaching Teachers in Bilingual and Dual-Language Classrooms Alexandra Guilamo, 2019-10-18 Gain the skills you need to coach teachers in bilingual and dual-language classrooms. In this practical guide, you will discover a proven process for creating a fair and effective observation and feedback cycle to help support bilingual teachers in this important work. Author Alexandra Guilamo offers pertinent coaching theory and accessible coaching strategies sourced directly from her firsthand experiences in dual-language education. Use this bilingual education book to guide your instructional coaching: Explore the dual-language programs currently used in classrooms and schools and their unique qualities and benefits. Learn the seven essential elements of an effective coaching and feedback cycle. Gain best practices you can utilize in your work as a coach and observer of dual-language teachers. Study the characteristics of high-quality feedback. Receive answers to frequently asked questions on dual-language instruction. Contents: About the Author Introduction Chapter 1: Understanding the Practices of Effective Bilingual and Dual-Language Teachers Chapter 2: Defining Fair Observations in Bilingual and Dual-Language Classrooms Chapter 3: Implementing Fair Feedback to Improve Teacher Practice Chapter 4: Establishing the Pre-Observation Process Chapter 5: Observing in Bilingual and Dual-Language Classrooms Chapter 6: Preparing for the Post-Observations Conversation Final Thoughts Appendix A: Dual-Language and Bilingual Programs Appendix B: Frequently Asked Questions References and Resources Index |
| dual language programs in texas: Contested Policy Guadalupe San Miguel, 2004 Discusses the history of bilingual education policies in the United States. |
| dual language programs in texas: Spotlight on Young Children Meghan Dombrink-Green, Holly Bohart, 2015 Offers practical ways to support young dual language learners and their families. Addresses communicating, using technology, pairing children, and more. |
| dual language programs in texas: ELLs in Texas What Teachers Need to Know John Seidlitz, Melinda Base, Monica Lara, Howard Smith, 2015-10-01 |
| dual language programs in texas: Chicano Empowerment and Bilingual Education Armando L. Trujillo, 2014-02-25 First published in 1999. This study looks at the relationship between the quest for Chicano community empowerment in the Winter Garden region, the development and implementation of the bilingual/cultural education program in Crystal City, Texas, and bilingual education policy change. |
| dual language programs in texas: The Coral Way Bilingual Program Maria R. Coady, 2019-11-04 This book introduces readers to the first publicly funded, two-way bilingual program in the United States, Coral Way Elementary School. It details the historical, social and political origins of the school; reviews the various discussions and conceptualization of the bilingual education program as a 50:50 model; and describes the training of the teachers and their work in designing curriculum for the bilingual students. Finally, it reviews whether the program was a success and outlines what lessons can be learned from the Coral Way Experiment for future bilingual programs. It is essential reading for all scholars of dual language education, for educational historians, for students of language policy and planning, and for teachers and educators who work in the context of dual language education in the US and worldwide. |
| dual language programs in texas: 7 Steps to Success in Dual Language Immersion Lore Carrera-Carrillo, Annette Rickert Smith, 2006 Step 1. Understanding and planning for dual language immersion -- Step 2. Organizing the classroom -- Step 3. Planning instruction -- Step 4. Teaching through best practice -- Step 5. Learning through hands-on activities -- Step 6. Assessing as a way to better instruction and accountability -- Step 7. Building community support. |
| dual language programs in texas: Dual Language Education in the US Pablo Ramírez, Christian Faltis, 2020-08-25 Originally published as a special issue of the journal Theory into Practice, this text examines innovative practices and research relating to Dual Language Education (DLE) in the US. Offering a variety of perspectives, contributors consider how dual language learning can benefit English-speaking and partner-language students across K-12, and explore how multilingualism can be harnessed for wider academic success. By investigating the ways in which schools and teachers have ensured provision of an effective DLE curriculum, chapters identify pedagogies and learning environments which support dual language learning, and consider how policy, curricula, and teacher education can be designed to promote social justice and diversity through broader access to dual programs. This book will be of interest to graduate and post graduate students, researchers, academics, professionals and policy makers in the field of multicultural education, international & comparative education, bilingualism studies, education policy and pedagogy. |
| dual language programs in texas: Dual Language Instruction Nancy Cloud, Fred Genesee, Else Hamayan, 2000 Dual Language Instruction: A Handbook for Enriched Education provides a comprehensive, theoretical frameworkand practical guide to implementing, evaluating, administering, and maintaining a successful dual languageinstruction program. |
| dual language programs in texas: Tulia Nate Blakeslee, 2006-09-12 This true story of race and injustice in a small west Texas town resembles . . . a modern day To Kill a Mockingbird -- or would, that is, if the novel were a true story and Atticus had won (New York Times Book Review) In the summer of 1999, in the tiny west Texas town of Tulia, thirty-nine people, almost all of them black, were arrested and charged with dealing powdered cocaine. At trial, the prosecution relied almost solely on the uncorroborated, and contradictory, testimony of one police officer. Despite the flimsiness of the evidence against them, virtually all of the defendants were convicted and given sentences as high as ninety-nine years. Winner of the J. Anthony Lukas prize for excellence in nonfiction, Tulia is the story of this town, the bust, the trials, and the heroic legal battle that ultimately led to the reversal of the convictions. But the story is much bigger than the tale of just one bust. As Tulia makes clear, these events are the latest chapter in a story with themes as old as the country itself. It is a gripping, marvelously well-told tale about injustice, race, poverty, hysteria, and desperation in rural America. |
| dual language programs in texas: The Bilingual Advantage Rebecca M. Callahan, Patricia C. Gándara, 2014-09-01 Using novel methodological approaches and new data, The Bilingual Advantage draws together researchers from education, economics, sociology, anthropology and linguistics to examine the economic and employment benefits of bilingualism in the US labor market, countering past research that shows no such benefits exist. |
| dual language programs in texas: Handbook of Research on Leadership and Advocacy for Children and Families in Rural Poverty H. Carol Greene, Bryan S. Zugelder, Jane C. Manner, 2020 This book advocates for children and families in rural poverty and explores interdisciplinary approaches to support the cognitive, social, and emotional needs of children and families in poverty--Provided by publisher-- |
| dual language programs in texas: Teacher Leadership for Social Change in Bilingual and Bicultural Education Deborah K. Palmer, 2018-08-17 Leadership takes on a tone of urgency when we are struggling for justice. At the same time, the right to lead – the agency to embrace a leadership identity – can also feel more distant when we are marginalized by the dominant society. For bilingual education teachers working with immigrant communities, the development of critical consciousness, pride in the cultural and linguistic resources of the bilingual community, the vocabulary to name and face marginalization, and a strong professional network are fundamental to their development of professional identities as leaders and advocates. Based on the experiences of 53 Spanish-English bilingual teachers in Central Texas, this book aims to explore, define, and understand bilingual teacher leadership. It merges the themes of leadership, teacher preparation and bilingual education and is essential reading for bilingual or ESL teachers, teacher educators and researchers serving an increasingly transnational/translingual student body. |
| dual language programs in texas: Dual Language Development & Disorders: A Handbook on Bilingualism and Second Language Learning JOHANNE. GENESEE PARADIS (FRED. CRAGO, MARTHA.), Fred Genesee, Martha Crago, 2021-03 Updated with the latest research, this third edition of the bestselling textbook prepares SLPs and educators to support young children who are dual language learners and make informed decisions about assessment and intervention when a disorder is present. |
| dual language programs in texas: Bilingual Education Peter Duignan, 1998 |
| dual language programs in texas: Research Anthology on Bilingual and Multilingual Education Management Association, Information Resources, 2021-10-29 Given the boost in global immigration and migration, as well as the emphasis on creating inclusive classrooms, research is turning to the challenges that teachers face with the increasing need for bilingual and multilingual education. The benefits of bilingual education are widespread, allowing students to develop important cognitive skills such as critical thinking and problem solving as well as opening further career opportunities later in life. However, very few resources are available for the successful practice and implementation of this education into the curriculum, with an even greater lack of appropriate cultural representation in the classroom. Thus, it is essential for educators to remain knowledgeable on the emerging strategies and procedures available for making bilingual and multilingual education successful. The Research Anthology on Bilingual and Multilingual Education is a comprehensive reference source on bilingual and multilingual education that offers the latest insights on education strategy and considerations on the language learners themselves. This research anthology features a diverse collection of authors, offering valuable global perspectives on multilingual education. Covering topics such as gamification, learning processes, and teaching models, this anthology serves as an essential resource for professors, teachers, pre-service teachers, faculty of K-12 and higher education, government officials, policymakers, researchers, and academicians with an interest in key strategy and understanding of bilingual and multilingual education. |
| dual language programs in texas: Teaching for Biliteracy Karen Beeman, Cheryl Urow, 2013 The concept of bridging between languages is introduced to the biliteracy filed in this practical professional development guide for teachers, administrators, and leadership teams. |
| dual language programs in texas: TExES Bilingual Education Supplemental (164) Book + Online Luis A. Rosado, 2017-10-23 Teacher candidates seeking certification to become bilingual teachers in Texas public schools must take the TExES Bilingual Education Supplemental (164) test. This REA test guide provides extensive coverage of the exam’s four competencies. In addition to a thorough review, the book features a diagnostic test and full-length practice test that deal with every type of question, subject area, and skill tested on the exam. Both tests are also available online for timed testing conditions, automatic scoring, and instant feedback on every question to help teacher candidates zero in on the topics that give them trouble now, so they can succeed on test day -- Provided by the publisher. |
| dual language programs in texas: Teaching Content to Latino Bilingual-Dual Language Learners Zulmaris Diaz, Jennifer Joy Esquierdo, Leticia De Leon, Isela Almaguer, Jaime B. Curts, 2020-07-31 |
| dual language programs in texas: Dual Language Instruction from A to Z Else V. Hamayan, Fred Genesee, Nancy Cloud, 2013 In this comprehensive guide to developing, implementing, and improving dual-language programs, internationally recognized experts Else Hamayan, Fred Genesee and Nancy Cloud address every aspect of a successful dual-language program, including: specific strategies for building community support for the program guidance for choosing a program model and planning curriculum across grade levels best-practice teaching strategies that promote content learning and language development guidelines for assessment and linking assessment to standards commentary from teachers, administrators, and instructional supervisors currently working within vibrant and successful dual-language programs helpful discussions of current research in the realm of dual-language instruction. Whether you are with a school or district considering or putting together a dual-language program or you are looking to improve an existing program, let Dual Language Instruction from A to Z be your roadmap to excellence. To preview a sample of Dual Language Instruction from A to Z click here. |
| dual language programs in texas: Assessment and Evaluation in Bilingual Education Saúl Maldonado, Margarita Machado-Casas, Belinda Flores, 2022-06-06 Assessment and Evaluation in Bilingual Education examines how dual language programs in the U.S. implement institutional policies and instructional practices for evaluating program quality and measuring student achievement, providing policymakers, practitioners, and other stakeholders with guidance for navigating bilingual/dual language settings. |
| dual language programs in texas: Texas School Finance Reform José Angel Cárdenas, 1997 A master story-teller, Dr. Jose A. Cardenas, offers us an insider's view of the 28-year history of school finance in Texas. Dr. Cardenas is the founder & director emeritus of IDRA & is the only person who has been actively involved in the entire school finance reform effort since the early days of the RODRIGUEZ VS. SAN ANTONIO ISD litigation when he was superintendent of the Edgewood Independent School District. More than a history, this book provides a blueprint for persons interested in bringing about future reform in schools & other social institutions. Beginning with a description of the Texas system in 1950, the account covers court cases, legislation, & advocacy efforts & concludes with the status & future of school finance reform. Personal vignettes sprinkled throughout offer glimpses of those special untold moments that impacted history. Much of this volume - including the myths of school finance & lessons learned - relate to reform efforts in other states as well. Dr. James A. Kelly, president of the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards, provides a foreword, Fighting the Good Fight, describing Dr. Cardenas as a trailblazer & pioneer. (ISBN 1-878550-63-2; 1997; 387 pages; hardback) Distributed exclusively by the Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA); 210-684-8180; FAX: 210-684-5389; E-mail: idra@idra.org; URL: www.idra.org. |
| dual language programs in texas: Bilingual Language Development & Disorders in Spanish-English Speakers Brian Goldstein, Brian A. Goldstein, 2012 The revised edition of this comprehensive graduate-level text gives SLPs the most current information on language development and disorders of Spanish-English bilingual children. Includes 5 new chapters on literacy and other hot topics.; |
| dual language programs in texas: Refuge Recovery Noah Levine, 2014-06-10 Bestselling author and renowned Buddhist teacher Noah Levine adapts the Buddha's Four Noble Truths and Eight Fold Path into a proven and systematic approach to recovery from alcohol and drug addiction—an indispensable alternative to the 12-step program. While many desperately need the help of the 12-step recovery program, the traditional AA model's focus on an external higher power can alienate people who don't connect with its religious tenets. Refuge Recovery is a systematic method based on Buddhist principles, which integrates scientific, non-theistic, and psychological insight. Viewing addiction as cravings in the mind and body, Levine shows how a path of meditative awareness can alleviate those desires and ease suffering. Refuge Recovery includes daily meditation practices, written investigations that explore the causes and conditions of our addictions, and advice and inspiration for finding or creating a community to help you heal and awaken. Practical yet compassionate, Levine's successful Refuge Recovery system is designed for anyone interested in a non-theistic approach to recovery and requires no previous experience or knowledge of Buddhism or meditation. |
| dual language programs in texas: Bilingual Education and Social Change Rebecca Diane Freeman, 1998 A general introduction to bilingualism, bilingual education, and minority education in the United States, and an ethnographic/discourse analytic study of how one successful dual-language programme challenges mainstream US educational progammes that discriminate against minority students and the languages they speak. Implications for research practice and practice in other school and community contexts are emphasized. |
| dual language programs in texas: Crafting Culturally Efficacious Teacher Preparation and Pedagogies Belinda Bustos Flores, Lorena Claeys, Conra D. Gist, 2018-03-07 Crafting Culturally Efficacious Pedagogies and Practices is based on cultural efficaciousness derived from the work of the nationally recognized Academy for Teacher Excellence at The University of Texas at San Antonio. The book is grounded in a research-based model, situated within the needs of the school-local community, and based on collaborative partnerships. Given the under-representation of ethnic/racial minority teachers, to accomplish social justice, all teachers must become culturally efficacious. In this book, authors provide an overview of the culturally efficacious evolution model used to anchor teacher preparation and present the culturally efficacious observation protocol as a tool to assess teachers’ development. The authors present four exemplar case studies of culturally efficacious teachers who have a strong identity, a positive teaching cultural efficacy, are critical reflective thinkers, and believe that they can make difference in minority students’ lives. As culturally efficacious teachers, these educators are also committed to social justice and equitable education. Cross-case findings reveal that the critical teacher development model serves as a culturally sustainable pedagogy that effectively prepares teachers in the field. |
| dual language programs in texas: The Handbook of Dual Language Bilingual Education Juan A. Freire, Cristina Alfaro, Ester de Jong, 2023-09-29 This handbook presents a state-of-the-art overview of dual language bilingual education (DLBE) research, programs, pedagogy, and practice. Organized around four sections—theoretical foundations; key issues and trends; school-based practices; and teacher and administrator preparation—the volume comprehensively addresses major and emerging topics in the field. With contributions from expert scholars, the handbook highlights programs that honor the assets of language-minoritized and marginalized students and provides empirically grounded guidance for asset-based instruction. Chapters cover historical and policy considerations, leadership, family relations, professional development, community partnerships, race, class, gender, and more. Synthesizing major issues, discussing central themes and advancing policy and practice, this handbook is a seminal volume and definitive reference text in bilingual/second language education. |
| dual language programs in texas: The New Texas Challenge Steve H. Murdock, 2003 What will the future of Texas be? Will its population continue to increase, and if so how rapidly and where will this growth be most extensive? Will its wealth increase with its population, or will per capita levels of income and wealth decrease? What are the opportunities and challenges state government is likely to face in the first decades of the twenty-first century? A team led by State Demographer Steve H. Murdock examines these questions using new figures gathered in the decennial national census of 2000. From their analysis they are able to examine the effects of four major demographic trends that continue markedly to affect Texas and other parts of the nation. The New Texas Challenge explores: · changes in the rates and sources of population growth · the aging and age structure of the population · growth in the non-Anglo population · the changing composition of Texas households The intent is both to provide an overview of how far Texas has come and to suggest where it may be going under conditions prevailing in the first years of this century. |
| dual language programs in texas: Rethinking Bilingual Education Elizabeth Barbian, 2017 In this collection of articles, teachers bring students' home languages into their classrooms-from powerful bilingual social justice curriculum to strategies for honoring students' languages in schools that do not have bilingual programs. Bilingual educators and advocates share how they work to keep equity at the center and build solidarity between diverse communities. Teachers and students speak to the tragedy of languages loss, but also about inspiring work to defend and expand bilingual programs. Book jacket. |
| dual language programs in texas: Gentrification and Bilingual Education Deborah K. Palmer, Suzanne García-Mateus, 2022-12-13 This unique volume brings together findings from six separate but interconnected studies, carried out over seven years in the same small bilingual elementary school. During a period of rapid gentrification in Austin, Texas, Hillside Elementary transformed from a predominantly Latinx, under-resourced and under-enrolled neighborhood school with a transitional bilingual program to a two-way dual language bilingual education (TWBE) school with a waiting list of middle-class families from across the school district. Chapter authors entered the context as researchers at various points along the timeline, with varied theoretical lenses, research questions, and methodological approaches. Most authors have also been parents or teachers at the school, and all were deeply invested in the school community and the education of bilingual students. They come together to argue that in order for a TWBE school to serve marginalized bilingual and BIPOC children and families, it must work collectively toward critical consciousness. Educators, parents, and students must learn to center the cultural, linguistic and racial/ethnic identities of marginalized families, and engage in ongoing dialogue at every level. The culminating product is a theme with variations: one context, one phenomenon, multiple varied positionalities and perspectives. |
| dual language programs in texas: Forbidden Language Patricia Gándara, Megan Hopkins, 2010-01-22 Pulling together the most up-to-date research on the effects of restrictive language policies, this timely volume focuses on what we know about the actual outcomes for students and teachers in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts—states where these policies have been adopted. Prominent legal experts in bilingual education analyze these policies and specifically consider whether the new data undermine their legal viability. Other prominent contributors examine alternative policies and how these have fared. Finally, Patricia Gándara, Daniel Losen, and Gary Orfield suggest how better policies, which rely on empirical research, might be constructed. This timely volume: Features contributions from well-known educators and scholars in the instruction of English learners. Includes an overview of English learners in the United States and a brief history of the policies that have guided their instruction. Analyzes the current research on teaching English learners in order to determine the most effective instructional strategies. |
Marvel Rivals Console/Controller Settings Guide 2025
Dec 27, 2024 · Aim Response Curve Type: Determines how your controller responds when you tilt your right analog stick. You have a choice between Dual-Zone (the new default Overwatch …
Best armour and augments for Dual Guns + Longsword build
Apr 18, 2025 · Tc did specifically mention blossom dance. And resistances aren't important when using ghost walker/factory, which I assume he is given the dual guns. Yup I want to abuse …
Conditions for Dual Ultimates? - Dragon Ball: Xenoverse 2
As long as the custom partner has the Dual Ultimate equipped, they will use it every so often and then you can do the input for the second part of the attack no matter what you have equipped. …
Can I dual wield? - The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion - GameFAQs
Sep 10, 2007 · At stage 25 of The Path of Dawn quest, it is scripted for no apparent reason for Martin Septim to have a Lesser Staff of Lightning removed from his inventory, even though, …
Character Creation - Icewind Dale: Enhanced Edition
Apr 30, 2021 · For two-class combinations, dual-classing from Fighter is slightly better than multiclassing because dual-classing gives Grand Mastery, more HP and faster level gain. …
Resident Evil: Director's Cut Walkthrough & Guide - GameFAQs
Mar 24, 2024 · The Director's Cut is the first version of the original Resident Evil that I had played and the one I like best. While the Dual Shock edition that followed adds functionality to the …
Differences between original and Dual Shock versions?
My bad, in regards to the Ink Ribbons... to be really specific, in both modes of the original Director's Cut and in Arrange Mode in the Dual Shock version, you get 3 ribbons each pickup. …
Character Creation - Baldur's Gate: Enhanced Edition
Apr 21, 2024 · Multiclass vs. Dual Class There is a subtle distinction between multiclass characters and dual-class characters. The idea of playing an A / B multiclass character (for …
Ideal build for Rush for the first playthrough
For me I'm just going for a dual-wield build. Probably a ninja if I can get the requirements for it down. I was BR25 at The Fallen on PC and I got Rush to Ninja about halfway through. Now …
Some suggestions after 20+ hours for those still struggling
Oct 26, 2024 · Dual Gunner (Tech): fire-infused attack; Quadrastrike (Tech): high-BP damage (perfect for United Attack) Heeled Sandals (Legs): allows you to use a special kick attack …
Marvel Rivals Console/Controller Settings Guide 2025
Dec 27, 2024 · Aim Response Curve Type: Determines how your controller responds when you tilt your right analog stick. You have a choice between Dual-Zone (the new default Overwatch …
Best armour and augments for Dual Guns + Longsword build
Apr 18, 2025 · Tc did specifically mention blossom dance. And resistances aren't important when using ghost walker/factory, which I assume he is given the dual guns. Yup I want to abuse …
Conditions for Dual Ultimates? - Dragon Ball: Xenoverse 2
As long as the custom partner has the Dual Ultimate equipped, they will use it every so often and then you can do the input for the second part of the attack no matter what you have equipped. …
Can I dual wield? - The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion - GameFAQs
Sep 10, 2007 · At stage 25 of The Path of Dawn quest, it is scripted for no apparent reason for Martin Septim to have a Lesser Staff of Lightning removed from his inventory, even though, …
Character Creation - Icewind Dale: Enhanced Edition ... - GameFAQs
Apr 30, 2021 · For two-class combinations, dual-classing from Fighter is slightly better than multiclassing because dual-classing gives Grand Mastery, more HP and faster level gain. …
Resident Evil: Director's Cut Walkthrough & Guide - GameFAQs
Mar 24, 2024 · The Director's Cut is the first version of the original Resident Evil that I had played and the one I like best. While the Dual Shock edition that followed adds functionality to the …
Differences between original and Dual Shock versions?
My bad, in regards to the Ink Ribbons... to be really specific, in both modes of the original Director's Cut and in Arrange Mode in the Dual Shock version, you get 3 ribbons each pickup. …
Character Creation - Baldur's Gate: Enhanced Edition ... - GameFAQs
Apr 21, 2024 · Multiclass vs. Dual Class There is a subtle distinction between multiclass characters and dual-class characters. The idea of playing an A / B multiclass character (for …
Ideal build for Rush for the first playthrough
For me I'm just going for a dual-wield build. Probably a ninja if I can get the requirements for it down. I was BR25 at The Fallen on PC and I got Rush to Ninja about halfway through. Now …
Some suggestions after 20+ hours for those still struggling
Oct 26, 2024 · Dual Gunner (Tech): fire-infused attack; Quadrastrike (Tech): high-BP damage (perfect for United Attack) Heeled Sandals (Legs): allows you to use a special kick attack …
