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| flag of portugal history: Good Flag, Bad Flag Ted Kaye, 2006-01-01 |
| flag of portugal history: The Confederate Battle Flag John M. COSKI, 2009-06-30 In recent years, the Confederate flag has become as much a news item as a Civil War relic. Intense public debates have erupted over Confederate flags flying atop state capitols, being incorporated into state flags, waving from dormitory windows, or adorning the T-shirts and jeans of public school children. To some, this piece of cloth is a symbol of white supremacy and enduring racial injustice; to others, it represents a rich Southern heritage and an essential link to a glorious past. Polarizing Americans, these flag wars reveal the profound--and still unhealed--schisms that have plagued the country since the Civil War. The Confederate Battle Flag is the first comprehensive history of this contested symbol. Transcending conventional partisanship, John Coski reveals the flag's origins as one of many banners unfurled on the battlefields of the Civil War. He shows how it emerged as the preeminent representation of the Confederacy and was transformed into a cultural icon from Reconstruction on, becoming an aggressively racist symbol only after World War II and during the Civil Rights movement. We gain unique insight into the fine line between the flag's use as a historical emblem and as an invocation of the Confederate nation and all it stood for. Pursuing the flag's conflicting meanings, Coski suggests how this provocative artifact, which has been viewed with pride, fear, anger, nostalgia, and disgust, might ultimately provide Americans with the common ground of a shared and complex history. |
| flag of portugal history: The First World Empire Hélder Carvalhal, André Murteira, Roger Lee de Jesus, 2021-04-05 This book offers a comprehensive overview of the early modern military history of Portugal and its possessions in Africa, the Americas, and Asia from the perspective of the military revolution historiographical debate. The existence of a military revolution in the early modern period has been much debated in international historiography, and this volume fills a significant gap in its relation to the history of Portugal and its overseas empire. It examines different forms of military change in specifically Portuguese case studies but also adopts a global perspective through the analysis of different contexts and episodes in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Contributors explore whether there is evidence of what could be defined as aspects of a military revolution or whether other explanatory models are needed to account for different forms of military change. In this way, it offers the reader a variety of perspectives that contribute to the debate over the applicability of the military revolution concept to Portugal and its empire during the early modern period. Broken down into four thematic parts and broad in both chronological and geographical scope, the book deepens our understanding of the art of warfare in Portugal and its empire and demonstrates how the military revolution debate can be used to examine military change in a global perspective. This is an essential text for scholars and students of military history, military architecture, global history, Asian history, and the history of Iberian empires. |
| flag of portugal history: A History of Portuguese Economic Thought Antonio Almodovar, Jose Luis Cardoso, 2002-01-04 A History of Portuguese Economic Thought offers the first account in English of the development of economic thought in Portugal. The authors adopt a comparative approach to analyse how economic doctrine, theories and policies have been disseminated and assimilated by Portuguese economists in different periods. They assess the influence on Portuguese economic thought of major economists such as Adam Smith, Keynes and Hayek. |
| flag of portugal history: The History of the Siege of Lisbon José Saramago, 1998-09-01 A proofreader realizes his power to edit the truth on a whim, in a “brilliantly original” novel by a Nobel Prize winner (Los Angeles Times Book Review). Raimundo Silva is a middle-aged, celibate clerk, proofing manuscripts for a respectable publishing house. Fluent in Portuguese, he has been assigned to work on a standard history of the country, and the twelfth-century king who laid siege to Lisbon. In a moment of subversive daring, Raimundo decides to change just one single word of text—a capricious revision that completely undoes the past. When discovered, his insolent disregard for facts appalls his employers—save for his new editor, Maria Sara. She suggests that Rainmundo take his transgressions even further. Through Rainmundo and Maria’s eyes, what transpires is an alternate view of history and a colorful reinvention of a debatable truth. It’s a serpentine journey through time where past and present converge, fact becomes myth, and fiction and reality blur—especially for Rainmundo and Maria themselves, who begin to find themselves erotically drawn to each other. “Walter Mitty has nothing on Raimundo Silva . . . this hypnotic tale is a great comic romp through history, language and the imagination.” —Publishers Weekly Translated by Giovanni Pontiero |
| flag of portugal history: The Colours of the Empire Patrícia Ferraz de Matos, 2013-02-01 The Portuguese Colonial Empire established its base in Africa in the fifteenth century and would not be dissolved until 1975. This book investigates how the different populations under Portuguese rule were represented within the context of the Colonial Empire by examining the relationship between these representations and the meanings attached to the notion of ‘race’. Colour, for example, an apparently objective criterion of classification, became a synonym or near-synonym for ‘race’, a more abstract notion for which attempts were made to establish scientific credibility. Through her analysis of government documents, colonial propaganda materials and interviews, the author employs an anthropological perspective to examine how the existence of racist theories, originating in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, went on to inform the policy of the Estado Novo (Second Republic, 1933–1974) and the production of academic literature on ‘race’ in Portugal. This study provides insight into the relationship between the racist formulations disseminated in Portugal and the racist theories produced from the eighteenth century onward in Europe and beyond. |
| flag of portugal history: A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668 Malyn Newitt, 2004-11-05 A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400-1668 provides an accessible survey of how the Portuguese became so influential during this period and how Portuguese settlements were founded in areas as far flung as Asia, Africa and South America. Malyn Newitt examines how the ideas and institutions of a late medieval society were deployed to aid expansion into Africa and the Atlantic islands, as well as how, through rivalry with Castile, this grew into a worldwide commercial enterprise. Finally, he considers how resilient the Portuguese overseas communities were, surviving wars and natural disasters, and fending off attacks by the more heavily armed English and Dutch invaders until well into the 1600s. Including a detailed bibliography and glossary, A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400-1668 is an invaluable textbook for all those studying this fascinating period of European expansion |
| flag of portugal history: Fiscal Policy in Early Modern Europe Rodrigo da Costa Dominguez, 2019-09-02 This book will examine the gradual assembly and consolidation of Portuguese fiscal policy in the second half of the fifteenth century, providing a comparative analysis of the Portuguese State’s finances and fiscal dynamics with other Western European monarchies. This book examines relevant aspects of the Portuguese Royal finances, particularly the different instruments employed to provide income and the rubrics involving all types of expenditure between the reigns of Afonso V and Manuel I at the dawn of Modern Ages. The analysis of Portugal’s case will also serve as a main conducting wire to a broader fiscal examination of other Latin-rooted Mediterranean and North Atlantic kingdoms. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of economic history, fiscal history, economic theory and history of economic thought, as well as students of Medieval History, the history of the Western Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. |
| flag of portugal history: Flag Wars and Stone Saints Nancy Meriwether Wingfield, 2007 In a new perspective on the formation of national identity in Central Europe, Wingfield analyzes what many historians have treated separately--the construction of the Czech and German nations--as a single phenomenon. Illustrations show how people absorbed, on many levels, visual clues that shaped how they identified themselves and their groups. |
| flag of portugal history: Historic Maritime Maps Donald Wigal, 2007 This book presents a selection of ocean-going charts dating from the 13th century to the 17th century. While they may be rudimentary, they bear excellent witness to the achievements of early European navigators, and to their determination to explore the |
| flag of portugal history: Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World Liam Matthew Brockey, 2016-12-05 Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World is a collection of essays on the cities of the Portuguese empire written by the leading scholars in the field. The volume, like the empire it analyzes, has a global scope and a chronological span of three centuries. The contributions focus on the social, political, and economic aspects of city life in settlements as far apart as Rio de Janeiro, Mozambique Island, and Nagasaki. Despite the seeming (and real) disparities between the colonial cities located in South America, Africa, and Asia, this volume demonstrates that they possessed a range of commonalities. Beyond their shared language, these cities had similar social, religious, and political institutions that shaped their identities. In many cases, the civic bodies analyzed in these essays such as the city councils or the Misericórdias (charitable brotherhoods), no less than the convents and houses of Catholic religious orders, contributed more to making these cities Portuguese than their allegiance to the crown in Lisbon. Rather than dividing the globe into Atlantic and Indian Ocean spheres, Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World takes the novel approach of bringing together analyses of the social history of these cities in order to stress their shared aspects as well as to suggest paths for fruitful comparisons. By encouraging further scholarship in this rich, yet understudied subject, this collection will not only further comparisons between cities found within the Portuguese empire, but also raise important issues that will be of interest to historians of other European empires, as well as urban historians generally. |
| flag of portugal history: The Retornados from the Portuguese Colonies in Africa Elsa Peralta, 2021-09-09 Placed in the wider scope of post-war European decolonisation migrations, The Retornados from the Portuguese Colonies in Africa looks at the Return of the Portuguese nationals living in the African colonies when they became independent. Using an interdisciplinary research agenda, the book presents a collection of research essays written by experts in the fields of anthropology, history, literature and the arts, that look at a wide range of memory narratives through which the Return—as well as the experiences of war, violence, loss and trauma—have been expressed, contested and internalised in the social realm. These narratives include testimonial accounts from the so-called retornados from Africa and their descendants, as well as works of fiction and public memory—novels, television series, artworks, films or social media—that have come to mediate the public understanding of this past. Through the dialogue between these different narrative modes, this book intends to explore the interplay between official memory, the lived experience and fiction, thus contributing to build an empirical basis to critically discuss the memory of the end of the Portuguese empire within postcolonial Europe. This book will be of great interest to postgraduates, researchers and academics, most notably the ones working in the fields of postcolonial studies, cultural studies and memory studies. |
| flag of portugal history: The Life of Prince Henry of Portugal, Surnamed the Navigator, and Its Results Richard Henry Major, 1868 |
| flag of portugal history: A History of Portugal H. V. Livermore, 1947 |
| flag of portugal history: The Lone Flag John Pownall Reeves, 2014-04-01 When Hong Kong fell to the Japanese on Christmas Day 1941 Macao was left as a tiny isolated enclave on the China Coast surrounded by Japanese-held territory. As a Portuguese colony, Macao was neutral, and John Reeves, the British Consul, could remain there and continue his work despite being surrounded in all directions by his country’s enemy. His main task was to provide relief to the 9,000 or more people who crossed the Pearl River from Hong Kong to take refuge in Macao and who had a claim for support from the British Consul. The core of this book is John Reeves’ memoir of those extraordinary years and of his tireless efforts to provide food, shelter and medical care for the refugees. He coped with these challenges as Macao’s own people faced starvation. Despite Macao’s neutrality, it was thoroughly infiltrated by Japanese agents and, marked for assassination, Reeves had to have armed guards as he went about his business. He also had to navigate the complexities of multiple intelligence agencies—British, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese Nationalist—in a place that was described as the Casablanca of the Far East. |
| flag of portugal history: Algarve Building Ricardo Agarez, 2016-06-03 Foreword by Adrian Forty. The Algarve is not only Portugal’s foremost tourism region. Uniquely Mediterranean in an Atlantic country, its building customs have long been markers of historical and cultural specificity, attracting both picturesque driven conservatives and modernists seeking their lineage. Modernism, regionalism and the ‘vernacular’ – three essential tropes of twentieth-century architecture culture – converged in the region’s building identity construct and, often the subject of strictly metropolitan elaborations, they are examined here from a peripheral standpoint instead. Drawing on work that won the Royal Institute of British Architects President’s Award for Outstanding PhD Thesis in 2013, Algarve Building challenges the conventional inclusion of Portuguese modern architecture in ‘Critical Regionalism’ narratives. A fine-grain reconstruction of the debates and cultures at play locally exposes the extra-architectural and widely participated antecedents of the much-celebrated mid-century shift towards the regional. Uncelebrated architects and a cast of other players (clients, officials, engineers and builders) contributed to maturing a regional strand of modern architecture that, more than being the heroic outcome of a hard-fought ‘battle’ by engaged designers against a conservative establishment, became truly popular in the Algarve. Algarve Building shows, more broadly, what the processes that have been appropriated by the canon of architectural history and theory – such as the presence of folk traditions and regional variation in learned architecture – stand to gain when observed in local everyday practices. The grand narratives and petites histoires of architecture can be enriched, questioned, revised and confirmed by an unprejudiced return to its facts and sources – the buildings, the documents, the discourses, the agents and the archives. |
| flag of portugal history: History of the Portuguese in Bengal Joachim Joseph A. Campos, 1919 |
| flag of portugal history: The Portuguese in India and Other Studies, 1500-1700 A.R. Disney, 2023-05-31 The studies brought together in this volume were published over the last thirty years and are concerned, directly or indirectly, with the Portuguese presence in India between about 1500 and 1650. They have been arranged into four groups of which the first, 'The Portuguese in India', includes pieces on the changing character of the empire in India, Goa in the 17th century, the Portuguese India Company of 1628-33, smugglers, the great famine of the early 1630s and the ceremonial induction process for new viceroys. A second group focuses on the life, career and background of the count of Linhares, before, during and after his term as viceroy at Goa. The third group consists of studies on travel and communications between India and Portugal, both by sea and by land. The collection concludes with studies under the heading of 'historiography and problems of interpretation', on Charles Boxer as a biographer, and on Vasco da Gama's reputation for violence. |
| flag of portugal history: Death and Funeral Practices in Portugal Rafaela Ferraz Ferreira, Ana Júlia Almeida Miranda, Francisco Queiroz, 2022-03-31 Academic studies on death and cemeteries are relatively recent in Portugal; those that do exist tend to adopt an essentially historical and artistic point of view. Studies on the practicalities of managing the dead and their spaces are even more recent, and they do not yet form a cohesive body of work. Combining both approaches, Death and Funeral Practices in Portugal is the first book to offer a broad look at the evolution and current status of Portuguese funerary practice. By exploring the country’s historical development, examining the contemporary legal framework, and systematizing the way Portugal manages its cemeteries, crematoria, and other death spaces, this book aims to provide an essential reference to researchers with an interest in Portuguese funeral practice. Among other themes, this book interprets the predominance of Catholic funerals, examines the relatively recent history of cremation, and contextualizes the practices of exhumation and grave re-use, which are integral to the normal functioning of a Portuguese cemetery. This is the first book on Portuguese death and dying written specifically for a non-Portuguese audience. It will be of interest to researchers and scholars but also accessible to students and non-specialist readers first coming into the subject. |
| flag of portugal history: The Portuguese Far Right Riccardo Marchi, 2018-11-08 The book discusses the far right in the contemporary Portugal (1945-2015) within three different periods: the end of the authoritarian regime of António de Oliveira Salazar (1945-1974), the transition to democracy after the coup d’état of April 25th (1974-1982) and the democratic regime until the present (1982-2015). The analysis focuses on political groups and parties, social movements, ideologies, intellectuals and publications acting at the extreme right of the political spectrum of the Portuguese authoritarian regime and of the democratic regime, both on a national and international level. The book also contextualizes the Portuguese far right within the political thought and the organisational models of the wider European extreme right. A qualitative in-depth case study and the outcome of ten years of research, this book offers analysis of historical and contemporary primary sources, previously unexplored archives and in-depth interviews. Assessing the extent to which the behaviour of the far right is altered in different political environments and situations, this book makes an innovative and unique contribution to scholarship on the extreme right within southern Europe and will be of interest to students and scholars researching extreme right politics, as well as European history and politics more generally. |
| flag of portugal history: Studies on Portuguese Asia, 1495-1689 George D. Winius, 2024-10-28 Portuguese Asia, otherwise known as the Estado da Ãndia Oriental, has been far less studied than the Spanish empire in America, its counterpart in the Western hemisphere. It differed from that vast entity in that it was essentially a maritime trading operation held together by strategic territories, such as Goa, Ceylon, or Macau. For more than a century these afforded it control of much of the Indian Ocean. As Professor Winius shows, it was certainly the most peculiar and colourful operation that existed in the history of European expansion, even giving rise to a second, 'shadow' empire created by escapees and renegades from its royal administration. Some of these essays reflect on Portuguese involvement in other areas, notably the Atlantic, and the impact this had in the East, but their focus is on the Portuguese in South and Southeast Asia. They describe its nature and its rise and fall, from the first voyage of Vasco da Gama to its dismemberment by the Dutch in the mid-seventeenth century, and include studies on the jewel trade and on the Renaissance in Goa. |
| flag of portugal history: Portuguese Merchants in the Manila Galleon System Cuauhtémoc Villamar, 2020-12-16 Villamar examines the role of Portuguese merchants in the formation of the Manila Galleon as a system of trade founded at the end of the sixteenth century. The rise of Manila as a crucial transshipment port was not a spontaneous incident. Instead, it came about through a complex combination of circumstances and interconnections that nurtured the establishment of the Manila Galleon system, a trading mechanism that lasted two and half centuries from 1565 until 1815. Villamar analyses the establishment of the regulatory framework of the trade across the Pacific Ocean as a whole setting that provided legality to the transactions, predictability to the transportation and security to the stakeholders. He looks both at the Spanish crown strategy in Asia, and the emergence of a network of Portuguese merchants located in Manila and active in the long-distance trade. This informal community of merchants participated from the inception of the trading system across the Pacific, with connections between Europe, ports in Asia under the control of Portugal, the Spanish colonies in America, and the city of Manila. From its inception, the newly-founded capital of the Philippines became a hub of connections, attracting part of the trade that already existed in Asia. Surveying the Portuguese commercial networks from the ‘Estado da Índia’ across the ‘Spanish lake,’ this book sheds light on the early modern globalization from a truly comprehensive Iberian perspective. This is a valuable resource for scholars of Pacific and Iberian trade history and the maritime history of Asia. |
| flag of portugal history: Muslim Spain and Portugal Hugh Kennedy, 2014-06-11 This is the first study in English of the political history of Muslim Spain and Portugal, based on Arab sources. It provides comprehensive coverage of events across the whole of the region from 711 to the fall of Granada in 1492. Up till now the history of this region has been badly neglected in comparison with studies of other states in medieval Europe. When considered at all, it has been largely written from Christian sources and seen in terms of the Christian Reconquest. Hugh Kennedy raises the profile of this important area, bringing the subject alive with vivid translations from Arab sources. This will be fascinating reading for historians of medieval Europe and for historians of the middle east drawing out the similarities and contrasts with other areas of the Muslim world. |
| flag of portugal history: Pombal, Paradox of the Enlightenment Kenneth Maxwell, 1995-03-16 A major new study of the marquês de Pombal, one of the most important figures in Portuguese history and one of the eighteenth century's most successful 'enlightened despots'. |
| flag of portugal history: The True Flag Stephen Kinzer, 2017-01-24 The public debate over American interventionism at the dawn of the 20th century is vividly brought to life in this “engaging, well-focused history” (Kirkus, starred review). |
| flag of portugal history: Early Modern Prophecies in Transnational, National and Regional Contexts (3 vols.) Lionel Laborie, Ariel Hessayon, 2020-12-07 Laborie and Hessayon bring rare prophetic and millenarian texts to an international audience by presenting sources from all over Europe (broadly defined), and across the early modern period in English for the first time. |
| flag of portugal history: Civilization Niall Ferguson, 2011-11-01 From the bestselling author of The Ascent of Money and The Square and the Tower “A dazzling history of Western ideas.” —The Economist “Mr. Ferguson tells his story with characteristic verve and an eye for the felicitous phrase.” —Wall Street Journal “[W]ritten with vitality and verve . . . a tour de force.” —Boston Globe Western civilization’s rise to global dominance is the single most important historical phenomenon of the past five centuries. How did the West overtake its Eastern rivals? And has the zenith of Western power now passed? Acclaimed historian Niall Ferguson argues that beginning in the fifteenth century, the West developed six powerful new concepts, or “killer applications”—competition, science, the rule of law, modern medicine, consumerism, and the work ethic—that the Rest lacked, allowing it to surge past all other competitors. Yet now, Ferguson shows how the Rest have downloaded the killer apps the West once monopolized, while the West has literally lost faith in itself. Chronicling the rise and fall of empires alongside clashes (and fusions) of civilizations, Civilization: The West and the Rest recasts world history with force and wit. Boldly argued and teeming with memorable characters, this is Ferguson at his very best. |
| flag of portugal history: Empires and Colonial Incarceration in the Twentieth Century Philip J. Havik, Helena Pinto Janeiro, Pedro Aires Oliveira, Irene Flunser Pimentel, 2021-09-26 This book engages with a controversial issue, namely the establishment of penal colonies and concentration camps in imperial spaces, which have informed ongoing debates on the repressive practices of colonial rule and popular resistance against it. The contributors offer a reassessment of the history of politically motivated incarceration based upon a multi-disciplinary perspective in a global, imperial setting during the twentieth century. The introduction and seven chapters engage with comparative and transnational perspectives on political persecution, forced confinement and colonial rule in British, French, German, Belgian and Portuguese dominions in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. Addressing political incarceration's global imperial dimensions, they focus upon the organisation, strategies, narratives and practices associated with political internment in Africa (Angola, Tanzania, Rhodesia, South Africa), Latin America (French Guyana) and the Pacific region (New Caledonia). Penal legislation, policies of convict transport and political imprisonment, resettlement, prison regimes, resistance and liberation struggles, counter insurgency, prisoner agency, and prisons as cultural spaces and of memory are discussed here for different time periods from the mid-1800s to the late twentieth century. The chapters build upon the ongoing debate on political incarceration in the empire and the remarkable dynamic scientific research witnessed over the last decades. As a result, they provide novel insights into the nature of legal systems, colonial discourse, memory, racial segregation and persecution, prisoners’ narratives of practices of punishment and incarceration, and human rights abuses in imperial spaces. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. The editors have also written an original conclusion to the present volume. |
| flag of portugal history: Conquerors Roger Crowley, 2015-09-15 As remarkable as Columbus and the conquistador expeditions, the history of Portuguese exploration is now almost forgotten. But Portugal's navigators cracked the code of the Atlantic winds, launched the expedition of Vasco da Gama to India and beat the Spanish to the spice kingdoms of the East - then set about creating the first long-range maritime empire. In an astonishing blitz of thirty years, a handful of visionary and utterly ruthless empire builders, with few resources but breathtaking ambition, attempted to seize the Indian Ocean, destroy Islam and take control of world trade. Told with Roger Crowley's customary skill and verve, this is narrative history at its most vivid - a epic tale of navigation, trade and technology, money and religious zealotry, political diplomacy and espionage, sea battles and shipwrecks, endurance, courage and terrifying brutality. Drawing on extensive first-hand accounts, it brings to life the exploits of an extraordinary band of conquerors - men such as Afonso de Albuquerque, the first European since Alexander the Great to found an Asian empire - who set in motion five hundred years of European colonisation and unleashed the forces of globalisation. |
| flag of portugal history: U.S. History P. Scott Corbett, Volker Janssen, John M. Lund, Todd Pfannestiel, Sylvie Waskiewicz, Paul Vickery, 2024-09-10 U.S. History is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of most introductory courses. The text provides a balanced approach to U.S. history, considering the people, events, and ideas that have shaped the United States from both the top down (politics, economics, diplomacy) and bottom up (eyewitness accounts, lived experience). U.S. History covers key forces that form the American experience, with particular attention to issues of race, class, and gender. |
| flag of portugal history: Encompassing the Globe Jay A. Levenson, 2007-09 A companion volume to a major exhibition at the Smithsonian's Arthur M. Sackler Gallery assembles more than 250 full-colour reproductions of paintings, sculptures, manuscripts, maps, early books and many other extraordinary creations. the Portuguese voyages brought about a dramatic revolution; they were the first real interaction among cultures of the world and lead to the creation of strikingly beautiful and highly original works of art. this incredible collection of images features more than 250 full-color reproductions of paintings, sculptures, manuscripts, maps, early books, and many other extraordinary creations. Essays by leading authorities shed new light on the period, especially the motivations behind Portuguese expansion and the remarkable story of the search for Eastern spices. A dazzling look at the New World as it was being created. |
| flag of portugal history: A Patriot's History of the United States Larry Schweikart, Michael Patrick Allen, 2004-12-29 For the past three decades, many history professors have allowed their biases to distort the way America’s past is taught. These intellectuals have searched for instances of racism, sexism, and bigotry in our history while downplaying the greatness of America’s patriots and the achievements of “dead white men.” As a result, more emphasis is placed on Harriet Tubman than on George Washington; more about the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II than about D-Day or Iwo Jima; more on the dangers we faced from Joseph McCarthy than those we faced from Josef Stalin. A Patriot’s History of the United States corrects those doctrinaire biases. In this groundbreaking book, America’s discovery, founding, and development are reexamined with an appreciation for the elements of public virtue, personal liberty, and private property that make this nation uniquely successful. This book offers a long-overdue acknowledgment of America’s true and proud history. |
| flag of portugal history: History of the Flag of the United States of America George Henry Preble, 1894 |
| flag of portugal history: Origin and History of the American Flag and of the Naval and Yacht-club Signals, Seals and Arms, and Principal National Songs of the United States, with a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations George Henry Preble, 1917 |
| flag of portugal history: History of Construction Cultures Taylor & Francis Group, 2021-07-11 |
| flag of portugal history: 1000 Flags Élisabeth Dumont-Le Cornec, 2020 A guide to the world's flags, their history and design. Did you know that the flag of the United States has been modified 32 times? And that the Jolly Roger is still flown today? Every flag raised through time has a remarkable history tied to the identity and history of whoever is flying it. 1000 Flags reveals the significance and meaning of a flag's graphic components and introduces the major types of flag, with additional focus on the unusual and the unexpected. The book covers: Flag definition, composition and forms: What makes a flag To hoist the colors: White, black, red, green, blue, yellow and orange To prove sovereignty: The history of a national flag; Maritime pavilions To honor lineage: Heraldry in history to the present To glorify the past: The oldest flags; selection of historical flags; History of some national flags A flag to reflect change: Countries that have had the highest number of flags A flag to reveal religion: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism; Procession banners A flag to reveal identity: Regional belonging, Cultural belonging A flag to reveal convictions: Protest flags, Organizational flags A flag to show strength or intimidate opponents: Weapons; Pirate symbols A flag to communicate intention: The 36 maritime signal pavilions and their associations A flag to impose rules: Competition flags, Beach flags. Topics of special focus include the genesis of the Union Jack; the most used colors; the birth of a flag; confederation flags, such as Panafrican and the European Union; LGBTQ and friends flags, such as Leather Fetish and Genderfluid Pride; and Racing Flags. By way of a fascinating survey of flag design, 1000 Flags provides a unique overview of world geopolitics, history, and political movements. It is an interesting reference book and will be a long-lived selection for schools, libraries and retail. |
| flag of portugal history: The World Book Encyclopedia , 2002 An encyclopedia designed especially to meet the needs of elementary, junior high, and senior high school students. |
| flag of portugal history: The World Factbook 2003 United States. Central Intelligence Agency, 2003 By intelligence officials for intelligent people |
| flag of portugal history: Our Lady of Portugal - Special Edition - José A Rodrigues, 2020-06-22 SPECIAL EDITION CONTAINS COLOR IMAGES. Long before the Immaculate Conception was proclaimed a dogma of the Catholic Church, Portugal has always held, promoted, honoured, and defended this belief - so far as to crown Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception as Queen of Portugal. Contained in this booklet are accounts of visitations and miracles of the Blessed Virgin Mary to her people throughout Portuguese history, both before and after her world famous apparitions at Fatima in 1917. Most of the narrations compiled here have been translated from their original Portuguese, into English, for the very first time. This booklet relates the following stories: Our Lady of the Ferns, Reguengo do Fétal; Our Lady of Nazareth, Nazaré; Our Lady of Sorrows, Pranto; Our Lady of Paradise, Azambuja; Our Lady of the Cave, Quintela; Our Lady of Miracles, Ilha do Corvo; Our Lady of Peace, Vila Franca do Campo; Our Lady of the Sands, São Vicente de Aljubarrota; Our Lady of the Assumption, Vilas Boas; Our Lady of the Apparition, Balugães; Our Lady of the Apparition, Folhada; Our Lady of the Nettles, Fatima; Our Lady of the Olive Tree, Tortosendo; Our Lady of Peace, Barral; Our Lady of the Rosary, Fatima; Our Lady of the Holy Mountain, Água de Pau; Our Lady Mother of the Redeemer, Asseiceira. |
| flag of portugal history: The High Mountains of Portugal Yann Martel, 2016-02-02 THE INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER Lost in Portugal. Lost to grief. With nothing but a chimpanzee. A man thrown backwards by heartbreak goes in search of an artefact that could unsettle history. A woman carries her husband to a doctor in a suitcase. A Canadian senator begins a new life, in a new country, in the company of a chimp called Odo. From these stories of journeying, of loss and faith, Yann Martel makes a novel unlike any other: moving, profound and magical. A New York Times Bestseller An Australian Independent Bookseller Bestseller #1 on The Globe & Mail's Bestseller List #1 on Toronto Star's Bestseller List #1 on Maclean's Bestseller List #1 on National Post's Bestseller List #1 on McNally Robinson's Bestseller List An ABA Indie Bestseller |
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Up-to-date list of all 254 country flags of the world with images, names and main information about countries.
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Flags of the world meaning and free images - Country flags
Download free vector files, icons, wallpapers and emoji of all country flags.
Country flags of the world with images and names
National flags of all 197 independent countries of the world represented in alphabetical order. Always up-to-date information.
Country flags of the world (list of all 254) | Flagpedia.net
Up-to-date list of all 254 country flags of the world with images, names and main information about countries.
Flag - Wikipedia
The general parts of a flag are: canton (the upper inner section of the flag), field or ground (the entire flag except the canton), the hoist (the edge used to attach the flag to the hoist), and the …
Flag Day and National Flag Week, 2025 – The White House
4 days ago · This Flag Day and National Flag Week, we pause to revere the star-spangled emblem of our freedom — and we honor the nearly 250 years of valor, sacrifice, and …
Flags of The World | List of All 254 Country Flags
Discover Flags of the World – the ultimate online resource! Our website offers a vast collection of all country flags, flags by continent, and flags of organizations. Plus, interactive quizzes and …
World Flag Chart
The World Flag Chart is a public domain educational website showcasing the history of the world's flags and proudly celebrating the diversity of humankind. Email feedback@flaglog.com …
Flag | Origins, Forms, & Functions | Britannica
May 16, 2025 · Flag, a piece of cloth, bunting, or similar material displaying the insignia of a sovereign state, a community, an organization, an armed force, an office, or an individual. A …
Flags of the World - WorldFlags.net
WorldFlags.net is the place where you will find all the world flags 🌍 in ISO 3166-1. All our nation flags is in SVG-files. This will help the website to load much faster. Our flags also comes in …
Flag Day history and how to best celebrate the American flag
4 days ago · America's flag throughout history. The 50 stars and 13 stripes that make up the U.S. flag will celebrate its 65 birthday on July 4. Hawaii became the 50th state in 1959, and on July …
Flags of the world meaning and free images - Country flags
Download free vector files, icons, wallpapers and emoji of all country flags.
Country flags of the world with images and names
National flags of all 197 independent countries of the world represented in alphabetical order. Always up-to-date information.
