Foci Definition Earth Science

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  foci definition earth science: Homework Helpers: Earth Science Phil Medina, 2005-01-01 Homework Helpers: Earth Science covers all of the topics typically included in a high school or undergraduate course, including: How to understand the language of rocks. The events that we see in the sky and how they affect us. Earthquakes and what they can tell us about the inside workings of our world. How to understand the weather and what the weatherman is saying. Homework Helpers: Earth Science is loaded with practical examples using everyday experiences. Every topic includes a number of simple tricks to make even the toughest ideas understandable and memorable. Each chapter ends with practice questions and explanations of answers. As a reference tool Homework Helpers: Earth Science can be used as a preview of tomorrow--s class or a reinforcement of today--s. It will leave students with a firm grasp of the material and the confidence that will inspire a deeper understanding.
  foci definition earth science: Earth Science and Applications from Space National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Space Studies Board, Committee on the Assessment of NASA's Earth Science Program, 2012-09-03 Understanding the effects of natural and human-induced changes on the global environment and their implications requires a foundation of integrated observations of land, sea, air and space, on which to build credible information products, forecast models, and other tools for making informed decisions. The 2007 National Research Council report on decadal survey called for a renewal of the national commitment to a program of Earth observations in which attention to securing practical benefits for humankind plays an equal role with the quest to acquire new knowledge about the Earth system. NASA responded favorably and aggressively to this survey, embracing its overall recommendations for Earth observations, missions, technology investments, and priorities for the underlying science. As a result, the science and applications communities have made significant progress over the past 5 years. However, the Committee on Assessment of NASA's Earth Science Program found that the survey vision is being realized at a far slower pace than was recommended, principally because the required budget was not achieved. Exacerbating the budget shortfalls, NASA Earth science programs experienced launch failures and delays and the cost of implementing missions increased substantially as a result of changes in mission scope, increases in launch vehicle costs and/or the lack of availability of a medium-class launch vehicle, under-estimation of costs by the decadal survey, and unfunded programmatic changes that were required by Congress and the Office of Management and Budget. In addition, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has made significant reductions in scope to its future Earth environmental observing satellites as it contends with budget shortfalls. Earth Science and Applications from Space: A Midterm Assessment of NASA's Implementation of the Decadal Survey recommends a number of steps to better manage existing programs and to implement future programs that will be recommended by the next decadal survey. The report also highlights the urgent need for the Executive Branch to develop and implement an overarching multiagency national strategy for Earth observations from space, a key recommendation of the 2007 decadal survey that remains unfulfilled.
  foci definition earth science: Basic Principles of Physics Applied to Earth Sciences Maurizio Mattesini, 2023-09-08 This textbook provides an introduction to physics for first-year undergraduate students of geology and related disciplines, such as Earth and marine sciences, environmental science and geography. The textbook covers all the topics traditionally included in basic physics courses, emphasizing the fundamental concepts of physics to explain various geological phenomena. While maintaining mathematical rigor, the book uses basic and intermediate math skills to enhance comprehension. One of the notable features of this book is the proposed methodology to consolidate the comprehension of physics in students of the geological sciences; unlike more traditional approaches that start with a specific geological problem, this textbook introduces and explains basic physics theories first, which are then applied to Earth science problems. The book's structure, with figures and solved problems in each chapter, is universally applicable, serving students and professors worldwide without regional constraints.
  foci definition earth science: Earth Science Wayne H. Garnsey, Virginia Page, 1998-09
  foci definition earth science: Exploration of the Universe George Ogden Abell, 1975
  foci definition earth science: Glossary of Geology Klaus K. E. Neuendorf, American Geological Institute, 2005 The fifth edition of the Glossary of Geology contains nearly 40,000 entries, including 3.600 new terms and nearly 13,000 entries with revised definitions from the previous edition. In addition to definitions, many entries include background information and aids to syllabication. The Glossary draws its authority from the expertise of more than 100 geoscientists in many specialties who reviewed definitions and added new terms.
  foci definition earth science: Earth and Mind Cathryn A. Manduca, David W. Mogk, 2006-01-01
  foci definition earth science: Practical Handbook of Earth Science Jane H. Hodgkinson, Frank D. Stacey, 2017-09-11 This self-contained handbook provides a carefully researched, compact source of key earth science information and data, logically sorted by subject matter, and then cross-referenced. Appealing to both experts and non-experts alike, the book presents earth science and environmental science as closely intertwined. It includes tables of the global distributions of fossil fuels, contrasted by tables of the distribution of non-fossil energy sources. Concise explanations cover the subject matters of geology, geophysics, oceans, atmosphere with attention to environmental implications and resources.
  foci definition earth science: Focus on Earth Science James E. Kennedy, Douglas E. Wynn, Ralph M. Feather, John S. Monk, Diane Wallace, 1989
  foci definition earth science: Biogeochemistry and the Environment Michael O'Neal Campbell, 2023-12-14 Biogeochemistry may be defined as the science that combines biological and chemical perspectives for the examination of the Earth’s surface, including the relations between the biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Biogeochemistry is a comparatively recently developed science, that incorporates scientific knowledge and findings, research methodologies, and models linking the biological, chemical, and earth sciences. Therefore, while it is a definitive science with a strong theoretical core, it is also dynamically and broadly interlinked with other sciences. This book examines the complex science of biogeochemistry from a novel perspective, examining its comparatively recent development, while also emphasizing its interlinked relationship with the earth sciences (including the complementary science of geochemistry), the geographical sciences (biogeography, oceanography, geomatics, earth systems science), the biological sciences (ecology, wildlife studies, biological aspects of environmental sciences) and the chemical sciences (including environmental chemistry and pollution). The book covers cutting-edge topics on the science of biogeochemistry, examining its development, structure, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary relations, and the future of the current complex knowledge systems, especially in the context of technological, developments, and the computer and data fields.
  foci definition earth science: A Dictionary of Science, Literature, & Art William Thomas Brande, 1842
  foci definition earth science: A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art ... With the derivation and definition of all the terms in general use. Edited by W. T. Brande ... assisted by Joseph Cauvin, etc William Thomas BRANDE, 1847
  foci definition earth science: Geomorphic Responses to Climatic Change William B. Bull, 2009 This text, originally published in 1991, develops concepts through discussion of climate-induced changes in fluvial-systems of four field areas: traverse and coastal ranges of California, the southern and basin and range province of North America, Israel and the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, and New Zealand.
  foci definition earth science: Janice VanCleave's Science Through the Ages Janice VanCleave, 2002-10-18 How much would you weigh on Mars? What can exploding balloons tell us about weather? Why do heavy ships stay afloat on water? How can you lift an elephant with one finger? You'll discover the answers to these and many other fascinatingquestions when you journey through science history with JaniceVanCleave as your guide. Packed with fun facts, activities, andexperiments, Janice VanCleave's Science Through the Ages introducesyou to the amazing stories behind some of the greatest scientificdiscoveries of our time. Each chapter provides easy-to-followinstructions for hands-on experiments, as well as clearexplanations that reveal the many ways science has helpedpeople--from ancient times right up through today! You'll find out how to use Stone Age tools to make art, build asimple telescope, look at your own blood vessels (did you know youhave thousands of miles of them?), construct a stethoscope, createa model of Galileo's gas thermometer, and much more. As with all ofJanice VanCleave's books, the materials are safe, inexpensive, andeasily found around the house. So take a time-traveling tour ofdiscovery and get ready for hours and hours of fascinating sciencefun--at home or in the classroom.
  foci definition earth science: American Journal of Science , 1883
  foci definition earth science: What If the Earth Had Two Moons? Neil F. Comins, 2010-03-30 What if? questions stimulate people to think in new ways, to refresh old ideas, and to make new discoveries. In What If the Earth Had Two Moons, Neil Comins leads us on a fascinating ten-world journey as we explore what our planet would be like under alternative astronomical conditions. In each case, the Earth would be different, often in surprising ways. The title chapter, for example, gives us a second moon orbiting closer to Earth than the one we have now. The night sky is a lot brighter, but that won't last forever. Eventually the moons collide, with one extra-massive moon emerging after a period during which Earth sports a Saturn-like ring. This and nine and other speculative essays provide us with insights into the Earth as it exists today, while shedding new light on the burgeoning search for life on planets orbiting other stars. Appealing to adult and young adult alike, this book is a fascinating journey through physics and astronomy, and follows on the author's previous bestseller, What if the Moon Didn't Exist?, with completely new scenarios backed by the latest astronomical research.
  foci definition earth science: Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2017: Justification of the budget estimates United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies, 2016
  foci definition earth science: The Earth Observer , 2014
  foci definition earth science: The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity Robert Frodeman, Julie Thompson Klein, Roberto C. S. Pacheco, 2017 Interdisciplinarity has become as important outside academia as within. Academics, policy makers, and the general public seek insights to help organize the vast amounts of knowledge being produced, both within research and at all levels of education. The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity offers a thorough update of this major reference work, summarizing the latest advances within the field of inter- and transdisciplinarity. The collection is distinguished by its breadth of coverage, with chapters written by leading experts from multiple networks and organizations. The volume is edited by respected interdisciplinary scholars and supported by a prestigious advisory board to ensure the highest quality and breadth of coverage. The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity provides a synoptic overview of the current state of interdisciplinary research, education, administration and management, and of problem solving-knowledge that spans the disciplines and interdisciplinary fields. The volume negotiates the space between the academic community and society at large. Offering the most broad-based account of inter- and transdisciplinarity to date, its 47 chapters provide a snapshot of the state of knowledge integration as interdisciplinarity approaches its century mark. This second edition expands its coverage to discuss the emergence of new fields, the increase of interdisciplinary approaches within traditional disciplines and professions, new integrative approaches to education and training, the widening international presence of interdisciplinarity, its increased support in funding agencies and science-policy bodies, and the formation of several new international associations associated with interdisciplinarity. This reference book will be a valuable addition to academic libraries worldwide, important reading for members of the sciences, social sciences, and humanities engaged in interdisciplinary research and education, and helpful for administrators and policy makers seeking to improve the use of knowledge in society.
  foci definition earth science: Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students Howard D. Curtis, 2009-10-26 Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the basic concepts of space mechanics. These include vector kinematics in three dimensions; Newton's laws of motion and gravitation; relative motion; the vector-based solution of the classical two-body problem; derivation of Kepler's equations; orbits in three dimensions; preliminary orbit determination; and orbital maneuvers. The book also covers relative motion and the two-impulse rendezvous problem; interplanetary mission design using patched conics; rigid-body dynamics used to characterize the attitude of a space vehicle; satellite attitude dynamics; and the characteristics and design of multi-stage launch vehicles. Each chapter begins with an outline of key concepts and concludes with problems that are based on the material covered. This text is written for undergraduates who are studying orbital mechanics for the first time and have completed courses in physics, dynamics, and mathematics, including differential equations and applied linear algebra. Graduate students, researchers, and experienced practitioners will also find useful review materials in the book. - NEW: Reorganized and improved discusions of coordinate systems, new discussion on perturbations and quarternions - NEW: Increased coverage of attitude dynamics, including new Matlab algorithms and examples in chapter 10 - New examples and homework problems
  foci definition earth science: Scientific Applications of Lunar Laser Ranging J.D. Mulholland, 2012-12-06 The progress of science during the past centuries has been in some measure energized by the development of new technologies. People are no more intelligent now than they were five centuries ago, or indeed five millenia ago. The differences are in the pool of past experience and the availability of means for manipulating the physical and mental environment. Until fairly recently, the development of new technologies in astronomy and geodesy has served primarily either to broaden the scope of phenomena that could be studied or to improve the precision with which one could examine already-studied phenomena. There seemed to be no likelihood that a situation could arise similar to that in particle physics, where the uncertainty principle indicates that the observation of the state of an object alters that state, affecting the observation. Indeed, we have not yet reached that point, but certain of the new techniques have introduced a degree of complication and inter dependence perhaps not previously encountered in the macro sciences. When observational capability is so fine that the data can be corrupted by the tidal motions of the instruments, for example, then there are a myriad of physical effects that must be considered in analyzing the data; the happy aspect of this is that the data can be used to study exactly these same effects. The complication does not, however, extend only to predictive computations against which the data are compared.
  foci definition earth science: Von Den Steinen Theophrastus, Karl Christoph Schmieder, 2018-11-13 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
  foci definition earth science: The Sourcebook for Teaching Science, Grades 6-12 Norman Herr, 2008-08-11 The Sourcebook for Teaching Science is a unique, comprehensive resource designed to give middle and high school science teachers a wealth of information that will enhance any science curriculum. Filled with innovative tools, dynamic activities, and practical lesson plans that are grounded in theory, research, and national standards, the book offers both new and experienced science teachers powerful strategies and original ideas that will enhance the teaching of physics, chemistry, biology, and the earth and space sciences.
  foci definition earth science: Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics Harsh Gupta, 2011-06-29 The past few decades have witnessed the growth of the Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the planet that we live on. This development addresses the challenging endeavor to enrich human lives with the bounties of Nature as well as to preserve the planet for the generations to come. Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations. The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was published in 1989 by Van Nostrand Reinhold publishing company. More than two decades later, this new volume, edited by Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, represents a thoroughly revised and expanded reference work. It brings together more than 200 articles covering established and new concepts of Geophysics across the various sub-disciplines such as Gravity, Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Seismology, Seismics, Deep Earth Processes, Plate Tectonics, Thermal Domains, Computational Methods, etc. in a systematic and consistent format and standard. It is an authoritative and current reference source with extraordinary width of scope. It draws its unique strength from the expert contributions of editors and authors across the globe. It is designed to serve as a valuable and cherished source of information for current and future generations of professionals.
  foci definition earth science: Fundamental Planetary Science Jack J. Lissauer, Imke de Pater, 2013-09-09 A quantitative introduction to the Solar System and planetary systems science for advanced undergraduate students, this engaging new textbook explains the wide variety of physical, chemical and geological processes that govern the motions and properties of planets. The authors provide an overview of our current knowledge and discuss some of the unanswered questions at the forefront of research in planetary science and astrobiology today. They combine knowledge of the Solar System and the properties of extrasolar planets with astrophysical observations of ongoing star and planet formation, offering a comprehensive model for understanding the origin of planetary systems. The book concludes with an introduction to the fundamental properties of living organisms and the relationship that life has to its host planet. With more than 200 exercises to help students learn how to apply the concepts covered, this textbook is ideal for a one-semester or two-quarter course for undergraduate students.
  foci definition earth science: A Century of Ecosystem Science National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Polar Research Board, Committee to Review the Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem Monitoring Program, 2002-07-29 This report provides guidance to the Gulf Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) program to help ensure that it is based on a a science plan that is robust, far-reaching, and scientifically sound. The report commends the Trustee Council for its foresight in setting aside funds to create a trust fund to provide long-term research support; it notes that the GEM program offers an unparalleled opportunity to increase understanding of how large marine ecosystems function and change over time. The report outlines elements of a sound long-term science plan, including conceptual foundation, scope and geographic focus, organizational structure, community involvement, data and information management, and synthesis, modeling, and evaluation.
  foci definition earth science: Rediscovering Geography National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, Rediscovering Geography Committee, 1997-03-28 As political, economic, and environmental issues increasingly spread across the globe, the science of geography is being rediscovered by scientists, policymakers, and educators alike. Geography has been made a core subject in U.S. schools, and scientists from a variety of disciplines are using analytical tools originally developed by geographers. Rediscovering Geography presents a broad overview of geography's renewed importance in a changing world. Through discussions and highlighted case studies, this book illustrates geography's impact on international trade, environmental change, population growth, information infrastructure, the condition of cities, the spread of AIDS, and much more. The committee examines some of the more significant tools for data collection, storage, analysis, and display, with examples of major contributions made by geographers. Rediscovering Geography provides a blueprint for the future of the discipline, recommending how to strengthen its intellectual and institutional foundation and meet the demand for geographic expertise among professionals and the public.
  foci definition earth science: Implications of Global Warming for Natural Resources United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources, 1989
  foci definition earth science: ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY -Volume IV Syed E. Hasan, Benedetto De Vivo, Bernhard Grasemann, Kurt Stüwe, Jan Lastovicka, Syed M. Hasan, Chen Yong , 2011-12-05 Environmental And Engineering Geology is a component of Encyclopedia of Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Environmental and Engineering Geology with contributions from distinguished experts in the field discusses matters of great relevance to our world such as: engineering and environmental geology, and their importance in our life. It also includes a discussion of some new applications of geoscience, such as medical geology, forensic geology, use of underground space for human occupancy, and geoindicators. These four volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
  foci definition earth science: Focus on Earth Science Margaret S. Bishop, 1981
  foci definition earth science: Science and Observation Recommendations for Future NASA Carbon Cycle Research , 2002
  foci definition earth science: Nature Sir Norman Lockyer, 1906
  foci definition earth science: The Science of Citizen Science Katrin Vohland, Anne Land-zandstra, Luigi Ceccaroni, Rob Lemmens, Josep Perelló, Marisa Ponti, Roeland Samson, Katherin Wagenknecht, 2021 This open access book discusses how the involvement of citizens into scientific endeavors is expected to contribute to solve the big challenges of our time, such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities within and between societies, and the sustainability turn. The field of citizen science has been growing in recent decades. Many different stakeholders from scientists to citizens and from policy makers to environmental organisations have been involved in its practice. In addition, many scientists also study citizen science as a research approach and as a way for science and society to interact and collaborate. This book provides a representation of the practices as well as scientific and societal outcomes in different disciplines. It reflects the contribution of citizen science to societal development, education, or innovation and provides and overview of the field of actors as well as on tools and guidelines. It serves as an introduction for anyone who wants to get involved in and learn more about the science of citizen science.
  foci definition earth science: Geodesy Beyond 2000 Klaus-Peter Schwarz, 2012-12-06 In this volume, the state of the art in geodesy is presented with special emphasis on the challenges of the next decade. It is subdivided into six parts. The first five parts discuss the challenges of providing a stable global reference at the parts per billion level by space methods, the impact of recently approved dedicated satellite missions on the determination of a high resolution global gravity field and its refinements by airborne gravity, advances in geodynamics and their impact on the monitoring of seismic hazards and earthquake prediction, the increasing use of GPS and INS in kinematic mode for mapping the Earth's surface and monitoring the behaviour of large man-made structures, and the related advances in mathematical theory and numerical techniques. The last part is dedicated to the discussion of a new structure for IAG to meet these challenges.
  foci definition earth science: English Mechanic and World of Science , 1891
  foci definition earth science: English Mechanics and the World of Science , 1885
  foci definition earth science: Implications of Global Warming for Natural Resources Jeffrey A. Zinn, 1988
  foci definition earth science: Geobiology: Objectives, Concepts, Perspectives N. Noffke, 2012-12-02 Geobiology is an exciting and rapidly developing research discipline that opens new perspectives in understanding Earth as a system. To determine and to exploit its possibilities, this promising scientific field will benefit from a discussion of its definition as a research discipline, its objectives, and its methodological approaches. Such a spirited discussion is the goal of the book Geobiology: Objectives, Concepts, Perspectives. Geobiology touches various subdisciplines of geology and biology in many ways. The book will serve biogeochemists, paleontologists, biomineralogists, microbiologists and many others as a forum to determine future directions of geobiological research. The book includes a section on the concept of geobiological studies, which combines the parent disciplines biology and geology. Several case studies describe geobiological investigations that serve to understand Earth in the present and past. The case studies give an overview of the general understanding of geobiology and lead the reader towards the current hot topics in this rising scientific discipline.* New definition of the rising scientific discipline geobiology* Overview into the broad spectrum of geobiological topics* Insight into hot topics of current geobiological research
  foci definition earth science: Rocket and Spacecraft Propulsion Martin J. L. Turner, 2008-11-05 The revised edition of this practical, hands-on book discusses the launch vehicles in use today throughout the world, and includes the latest details on advanced systems being developed, such as electric and nuclear propulsion. The author covers the fundamentals, from the basic principles of rocket propulsion and vehicle dynamics through the theory and practice of liquid and solid propellant motors, to new and future developments. He provides a serious exposition of the principles and practice of rocket propulsion, from the point of view of the user who is not an engineering specialist.
  foci definition earth science: Conference Proceedings , 1995
Foreign Ownership, Control or Influence
Foreign investment can play an important role in maintaining the vitality of the U.S. industrial base. Therefore, it’s the policy of the U.S. Government to allow foreign investment consistent …

FOCI Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of FOCUS is a center of activity, attraction, or attention. How to use focus in a sentence. Did you know?

What Does the Medical Term “foci” Mean? - Reference.com
May 21, 2025 · Foci are cells located in a specific organ of the body that are notably different from the surrounding cells. These differences are caused by mutation or other types of cellular …

What are Foci in the Brain? – Radiology In Plain English
Nov 4, 2023 · Medical imaging of the brain sometimes reveals interesting spots or areas in the pictures. We call these spots “brain foci.” These brain foci are important because they help …

FOCI | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
FOCI definition: 1. plural of focus 2. plural of focus . Learn more.

Foci - definition of foci by The Free Dictionary
1. a central point, as of attention or activity. 2. a point at which rays of light, heat, or other radiation meet after being refracted or reflected. 3. a. the focal point of a lens. b. the focal length of a …

FOCI Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Foci definition: a plural of focus.. See examples of FOCI used in a sentence.

Foreign Ownership, Control or Influence
Foreign investment can play an important role in maintaining the vitality of the U.S. industrial base. Therefore, it’s the policy of the U.S. Government to allow foreign investment consistent …

FOCI Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of FOCUS is a center of activity, attraction, or attention. How to use focus in a sentence. Did you know?

What Does the Medical Term “foci” Mean? - Reference.com
May 21, 2025 · Foci are cells located in a specific organ of the body that are notably different from the surrounding cells. These differences are caused by mutation or other types of cellular …

What are Foci in the Brain? – Radiology In Plain English
Nov 4, 2023 · Medical imaging of the brain sometimes reveals interesting spots or areas in the pictures. We call these spots “brain foci.” These brain foci are important because they help …

FOCI | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
FOCI definition: 1. plural of focus 2. plural of focus . Learn more.

Foci - definition of foci by The Free Dictionary
1. a central point, as of attention or activity. 2. a point at which rays of light, heat, or other radiation meet after being refracted or reflected. 3. a. the focal point of a lens. b. the focal length of a …

FOCI Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Foci definition: a plural of focus.. See examples of FOCI used in a sentence.