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| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Refugee Crises and Third-World Economies Sourav Kumar Das, Nidhi Chowdhary, 2020-06-18 The global political economy is currently in the midst of a refugee crisis, one that is complex and that remains poorly researched and under-theorized within both economics and political science. There is little understanding of the many diverse situations that led to it, and refugees are all too often included in the category of forced migrants. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The Economic Impact of Conflicts and the Refugee Crisis in the Middle East and North Africa Mr.Bjoern Rother, Ms.Gaelle Pierre, Davide Lombardo, Risto Herrala, Ms.Priscilla Toffano, Mr.Erik Roos, Mr.Allan G Auclair, Ms.Karina Manasseh, 2016-09-16 In recent decades, the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) has experienced more frequent and severe conflicts than in any other region of the world, exacting a devastating human toll. The region now faces unprecedented challenges, including the emergence of violent non-state actors, significant destruction, and a refugee crisis bigger than any since World War II. This paper raises awareness of the economic costs of conflicts on the countries directly involved and on their neighbors. It argues that appropriate macroeconomic policies can help mitigate the impact of conflicts in the short term, and that fostering higher and more inclusive growth can help address some of the root causes of conflicts over the long term. The paper also highlights the crucial role of external partners, including the IMF, in helping MENA countries tackle these challenges. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Moving for Prosperity World Bank, 2018-06-14 Migration presents a stark policy dilemma. Research repeatedly confirms that migrants, their families back home, and the countries that welcome them experience large economic and social gains. Easing immigration restrictions is one of the most effective tools for ending poverty and sharing prosperity across the globe. Yet, we see widespread opposition in destination countries, where migrants are depicted as the primary cause of many of their economic problems, from high unemployment to declining social services. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets addresses this dilemma. In addition to providing comprehensive data and empirical analysis of migration patterns and their impact, the report argues for a series of policies that work with, rather than against, labor market forces. Policy makers should aim to ease short-run dislocations and adjustment costs so that the substantial long-term benefits are shared more evenly. Only then can we avoid draconian migration restrictions that will hurt everybody. Moving for Prosperity aims to inform and stimulate policy debate, facilitate further research, and identify prominent knowledge gaps. It demonstrates why existing income gaps, demographic differences, and rapidly declining transportation costs mean that global mobility will continue to be a key feature of our lives for generations to come. Its audience includes anyone interested in one of the most controversial policy debates of our time. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Refugee Economies Alexander Betts, Louise Bloom, Josiah David Kaplan, Naohiko Omata, 2017 This book explores the economic lives of refugees. It looks at what shapes the production, consumption, finance, and exchange activities of refugees, to explain variation in economic outcomes for refugees themselves. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The Wealth of Refugees Alexander Betts, 2021 Displacement is one of the most pressing issues facing humanity, and it will become more so in the coming years as climate change and the impact of the coronavirus increase the extent of forced migration. The author confronts this head on with a set of realistic policy recommendations. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Socio-Economic Impact of Refugees on Host Communites. The Case of Tongogara Refugee Camp in Chipinge District, Zimbabwe Terence Madzimure, 2019-12-13 Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Topic: Development Politics, National University of Science & Technology Zimbabwe (National University of Science and Technology Zimbabwe), course: Master of Science in Development Studies, language: English, abstract: This research is concerned with refugees and their impact on the host community. In refugee hosting areas, the local communities face various economic, social and cultural challenges as they interact with refugees. This study specifically investigated the socio-economic impact of refugees from Tongogara Refugee Camp on the host community of Chipinge District, Zimbabwe. A qualitative approach was used to conduct the research and the researcher used focus group discussions, interview guides and questionnaires. Since the research was qualitative, the researcher obtained data from key informants and the units of analysis included the refugees who are mostly involved in business, the host population who interacts with the refugees, the local authorities, UNHCR and other representatives of Organizations working in the Camp. The research established that despite the Zimbabwe Government’s encampment policy, the refugees were free to interact with the local communities and to trade in the District. The research found that there were both positive and negative social and economic impacts associated with the presence of the Tongogara Refugee Camp. Some of the positive impacts included infrastructure development, provision of transport services and creation of market places for both the locals and refugees. Negative impacts included deforestation, theft, social ills like prostitution and alcohol abuse. The study also found that there was a good social relationship between the refugees and the host community on the whole. However, competition for common property resources proved to be a key source of tension between the two groups. The researcher gathered that the Government of Zimbabwe and other local authorities had to revisit some of their policies as well as to support both the refugees and the locals for them to fully utilize the economic and social benefits that the presence of refugees bring and also mitigating the negative impacts that they also bring. This can be done by integrating the refugees into the formal employment working system, providing working permits for the refugees so that they can freely work, extend projects to the host communities which are specifically for them and also to provide financial assistance to refugees so that they can engage in income generating projects that sustain them. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The Consequences of Chaos Elizabeth G. Ferris, Kemal Kirisci, 2016-04-05 The massive dimensions of Syria's refugee crisis—and the search for solutions The civil war in Syria has forced some 10 million people—more than half the country's population—from their homes and communities, creating one of the largest human displacements since the end of World War II. Daily headlines testify to their plight, both within Syria and in the countries to which they have fled. The Consequences of Chaos looks beyond the ever-increasing numbers of Syria's uprooted to consider the long-term economic, political, and social implications of this massive movement of people. Neighboring countries hosting thousands or even millions of refugees, Western governments called upon to provide financial assistance and even new homes for the refugees, regional and international organizations struggling to cope with the demands for food and shelter—all have found the Syria crisis to be overwhelming in its challenges. And the challenges of finding solutions for those displaced by the conflict are likely to continue for years, perhaps even for decades. The Syrian displacement crisis raises fundamental questions about the relationship between action to resolve conflicts and humanitarian aid to assist the victims and demonstrates the limits of humanitarian response, even on a massive scale, to resolve political crises. The increasingly protracted nature of the crisis also raises the need for the international community to think beyond just relief assistance and adopt developmental policies to help refugees become productive members of their host communities. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Emigration and Its Economic Impact on Eastern Europe Mr.Ruben Atoyan, Lone Engbo Christiansen, Allan Dizioli, Mr.Christian Ebeke, Mr.Nadeem Ilahi, Ms.Anna Ilyina, Mr.Gil Mehrez, Mr.Haonan Qu, Ms.Faezeh Raei, Ms.Alaina Rhee, Ms.Daria Zakharova, 2016-07-20 This paper analyses the impact of large and persistent emigration from Eastern European countries over the past 25 years on these countries’ growth and income convergence to advanced Europe. While emigration has likely benefited migrants themselves, the receiving countries and the EU as a whole, its impact on sending countries’ economies has been largely negative. The analysis suggests that labor outflows, particularly of skilled workers, lowered productivity growth, pushed up wages, and slowed growth and income convergence. At the same time, while remittance inflows supported financial deepening, consumption and investment in some countries, they also reduced incentives to work and led to exchange rate appreciations, eroding competiveness. The departure of the young also added to the fiscal pressures of already aging populations in Eastern Europe. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for sending countries to mitigate the negative impact of emigration on their economies, and the EU-wide initiatives that could support these efforts. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Panel on the Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration, 2017-07-13 The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The State of the World's Refugees, 2000 Mark Cutts, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2000 Includes statistics. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The Mobility of Displaced Syrians World Bank, 2020-01-27 The war in Syria, now in its eighth year, continues to take its toll on the Syrian people. More than half of the population of Syria remains displaced; 5.6 million persons are registered as refugees outside of the country and another 6.2 million are displaced within Syria's borders. The internally displaced persons include 2 million school-age children; of these, less than half attend school. Another 739,000 Syrian children are out of school in the five neighborhood countries that host Syria's refugees. The loss of human capital is staggering, and it will create permanent hardships for generations of Syrians going forward. Despite the tragic prospects for renewed fighting in certain parts of the country, an overall reduction in armed conflict is possible going forward. However, international experience shows that the absence of fighting is rarely a singular trigger for the return of displaced people. Numerous other factors—including improved security and socioeconomic conditions in origin states, access to property and assets, the availability of key services, and restitution in home areas—play important roles in shaping the scale and composition of the returns. Overall, refugees have their own calculus of return that considers all of these factors and assesses available options. The Mobility of Displaced Syrians: An Economic and Social Analysis sheds light on the 'mobility calculus' of Syrian refugees. While dismissing any policies that imply wrongful practices involving forced repatriation, the study analyzes factors that may be considered by refugees in their own decisions to relocate. It provides a conceptual framework, supported by data and analysis, to facilitate an impartial conversation about refugees and their mobility choices. It also explores the diversified policy toolkit that the international community has available—and the most effective ways in which the toolkit can be adapted—to maximize the well-being of refugees, host countries, and the people in Syria. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Syrian Refugees in Turkey Alanur Çavlin, 2020-12-27 This book examines the changing demographic situation of Syrian refugees and the host community in Turkey, one of the major refugee hosting countries in the world, relying on a recent representative dataset. Conflicts and the resulting unrest force people to flee their countries and take refuge in foreign lands. Such refugee movements across the world have increased significantly in recent times. Turkey accounts for the greatest refugee population in the world today. This has drastically impacted the Turkish demographics, leading to different demographic situations in refugee communities in the country. This book presents an in-depth research on the impact of forced displacement on the demographic behaviour of Syrian refugees in Turkey in general, and more specifically the way transformed family structures, unregistered children, fertility behaviours and early marriages impacted their lives. The book also contributes to the existing knowledge and discourse on refugee integration by shedding light on their experiences related to access to labour market opportunities and education opportunities, wellbeing and mobility. It also helps in linking demography of Syrian community to the socio-economic challenges in Turkey by means of incorporating crucial demographic variables into the analysis. Offering valuable insights into various dimensions of life, this book has an interdisciplinary appeal and will thus be a key resource for academics and scholars of demography, refugee studies, migration studies and sociology. It will also be a valuable and unique reference work for people in governments, international agencies and non-governmental organizations. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Refugee Entrepreneurship Nadeera Ranabahu, Huibert P. de Vries, Robert T. Hamilton, 2024-11-22 This comprehensive volume explores the phenomenon of refugee entrepreneurship and advances the discussions and debates in the domain. The growing number of refugees across the world creates a compelling need to study the social and economic activities of refugees in different contexts, and to share experiences and debate how to better support refugee populations. This book covers academic, practical, and policy issues in refugee entrepreneurship, seeking to present the current status of research in this evolving field. The topics include how to identify and differentiate refugee entrepreneurship; refugees’ business practices; the personal, economic, and social values and impacts of refugee entrepreneurship; and the institutional support and role of ecosystems in facilitating refugee entrepreneurship. Future research directions are also outlined. This book provides scholars with the theoretical foundations and evidence base to advance refugee entrepreneurship research. Support agencies will learn from the experiences of others about the delivery of tailored support and policymakers will recognise the need for empathy and consistency in developing host country strategies for refugees. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Conflict and the Refugee Experience Assefaw Bariagaber, 2016-05-23 One of the most serious threats to peace, security and the sovereignty of nations in the post-Cold War era is population migration. A particularly volatile form of this threat is the global refugee problem and nowhere is this issue more severe than in Africa. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of refugee experience in the Horn of Africa. It includes an examination of the dynamics of flight from the country of origin, settlement in exile and repatriation to the country of origin. Such an integrative approach sets this book apart from other studies and will serve as a reader for courses on ethno-national conflicts, migration, international politics, security and African politics. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Refugee Workforce Chris Chancey, Katie Gibson, 2019-09-09 Refugee Workforce weaves dynamic stories of refugees and the companies who have engaged them with hard facts to provide readers with a compelling case for hiring refugees in the American workplace. Heated immigration debates rise to a boil as an unprecedented 70.8million, and counting, are displaced worldwide. While politicians fight to limit immigration, the U.S. economy struggles under the weight of a growing problem: a gaping hole in skilled trades workers.As of May 2019, job openings soared to over 7.5 million, leaving business owners desperate for skilled and dependable labor. With unemployment rates at their lowest in over half a century, where can these companies turn for the help they need?The labor shortage problem is growing, but we believe the answer to it has also been growing in cities across the United States: the refugee workforce.Refugees are individuals who have been forced to leave their home country because of war, persecution,ornatural disaster. Resettled in countries across the world, they must quickly acclimate to their new environments. They are resilient, and they are motivated--factors leading many refugees to take humble jobs well below their occupational and educational capacity in order to provide for themselves.In 2014, Chris Chancey began to recognize how these two needs, when put together, could serve as a solution to each other. Now, after five years of staffing American companies with the refugee workforce, he is more convinced than ever that hiring refugees is not only a socially responsible decision, but also a profitable decision.In Refugee Workforce, author, Chris Chancey, shares his experiences, and pulls back the curtain on what he believes is the best-kept secret for the health of America's economy. Here's what people are saying about Refugee Workforce: With firsthand experience in placing refugees in businesses, Chris and Katie dispel the myths about refugees and establish the vital role refugees play in the U.S. workforce and economy. --ALI NOORANI, National Immigration Forum // This book is a must read for manufacturing companies desperately seeking motivated and dependable employees. --DOUG GATES, Global Chair of Industrial Manufacturing, KPMG // This message has the ability to change every workplace and every team. Putting action to this book makes all our lives better. --JEFF SHINABARGER, President, Plywood People // This book serves as a practical resource for companies looking to hire and retain dependable team members-- improving their own competitiveness while helping both refugee and host communities thrive together. --PREMAL SHAH, Co-founder, Kiva // I'm happy this resource exists to support any business owner facing labor and talent changes as they move towards a stronger future for their business. --TARA RUSSELL, Senior VP, Global Impact at Carnival Corporation |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Refugee-host proximity and market creation in Uganda d’Errico, M., Mariani, R.D., Pietrelli, R., Rosati, F.C., 2021-02-19 Uganda currently hosts more than 1.4 million refugees and the relationship with the host population is complex. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the interactions between refugee and host-communities by using a unique dataset and by exploring a broad range of economic outcomes – such as employment opportunities, sources of income, agriculture production, and enterprises. We use the distance between refugee and host communities to measure the degree of interaction. To deal with potential endogeneity issues, we adopt an instrumental variable approach and carry out several robustness tests. We find positive effects on individual participation in paid employment and on household wage income. Discarding the role of assistance, we suggest that these positive effects can be driven by refugees’ economic activities. However, the market creation is localized. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Transit Migration in Turkey Migration Information Programme, International Organization for Migration, 1996 Turkey has recently become a transit country for migrants, especially for asylum seekers from the Middle East intending to reach western and northern countries. This timely publication examines the long, costly and uncertain migratory process through Turkey that migrants endure, their motivations, their lives during the transit period in Turkey, and their expectations, as well as the intervention of traffickers and smugglers. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Blind Spot Khaled Elgindy, 2019-04-02 A critical examination of the history of US-Palestinian relations The United States has invested billions of dollars and countless diplomatic hours in the pursuit of Israeli-Palestinian peace and a two-state solution. Yet American attempts to broker an end to the conflict have repeatedly come up short. At the center of these failures lay two critical factors: Israeli power and Palestinian politics. While both Israelis and Palestinians undoubtedly share much of the blame, one also cannot escape the role of the United States, as the sole mediator in the process, in these repeated failures. American peacemaking efforts ultimately ran aground as a result of Washington’s unwillingness to confront Israel’s ever-deepening occupation or to come to grips with the realities of internal Palestinian politics. In particular, the book looks at the interplay between the U.S.-led peace process and internal Palestinian politics—namely, how a badly flawed peace process helped to weaken Palestinian leaders and institutions and how an increasingly dysfunctional Palestinian leadership, in turn, hindered prospects for a diplomatic resolution. Thus, while the peace process was not necessarily doomed to fail, Washington’s management of the process, with its built-in blind spot to Israeli power and Palestinian politics, made failure far more likely than a negotiated breakthrough. Shaped by the pressures of American domestic politics and the special relationship with Israel, Washington’s distinctive “blind spot” to Israeli power and Palestinian politics has deep historical roots, dating back to the 1917 Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate. The size of the blind spot has varied over the years and from one administration to another, but it is always present. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Problems of Protection Niklaus Steiner, Mark Gibney, Gil Loescher, 2003 First Published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Kings and Presidents Bruce Riedel, 2019-03-12 An insider's account of the often-fraught U.S.-Saudi relationship Saudi Arabia and the United States have been partners since 1943, when President Roosevelt met with two future Saudi monarchs. Subsequent U.S. presidents have had direct relationships with those kings and their successors—setting the tone for a special partnership between an absolute monarchy with a unique Islamic identity and the world's most powerful democracy. Although based in large part on economic interests, the U.S.-Saudi relationship has rarely been smooth. Differences over Israel have caused friction since the early days, and ambiguities about Saudi involvement—or lack of it—in the September 11 terrorist attacks against the United States continue to haunt the relationship. Now, both countries have new, still-to be-tested leaders in President Trump and King Salman. Bruce Riedel for decades has followed these kings and presidents during his career at the CIA, the White House, and Brookings. This book offers an insider's account of the U.S.-Saudi relationship, with unique insights. Using declassified documents, memoirs by both Saudis and Americans, and eyewitness accounts, this book takes the reader inside the royal palaces, the holy cities, and the White House to gain an understanding of this complex partnership. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Citizenship and Displacement Lyla Mehta, 2010 |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The Syrian Refugee Crisis in Lebanon Robert G. Rabil, 2016-07-29 This book examines the unfolding of the Syrian refugee crisis in relation to the spillover of the Syrian civil war in Lebanon and against the background of Lebanon–Syria relations and Lebanon’s socio-political, cultural, legal, and economic conditions. It surveys Lebanon’s response plans to the refugee crisis as part of the development of the international response plans to address the protection and needs of the Syrian refugees and Palestinian refugees from Syria, as well as the impacted host communities and institutions. At the same time, this book emphasizes the dramatic shift in popular and institutional attitudes towards the refugees as a response to and as a growth of the sheer magnitude of the refugee crisis, which made Lebanon the only country in modern history with the highest per capita concentration of refugees in the world. By examining these attitudes against the background of achievements and failures of the response plans, the impact of the crisis on state institutions on the local and national levels, and the collective consciousness of a nation barely surviving the scars of its civil war, this book not only underscores the deepening tragedy of Syrian and Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, but also the consequential tragedy of many Lebanese, who have been forced into poverty and whose livelihoods have been affected by insecurity and the almost complete collapse of social services. As a result, the tragedy of the Syrian refugee crisis has become an international crisis affecting vulnerable persons across nationalities, and, unless it is addressed diplomatically and its response plans sufficiently funded, the tragedy will only deepen across continents. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The End of the Refugee Cycle? Richard Black, Khalid Koser, 1999-01-01 At the start of the 1990s, there was great optimism that the end of the Cold War might also mean the end of the refugee cycle - both a breaking of the cycle of violence, persecution and flight, and the completion of the cycle for those able to return to their homes. The 1990s, it was hoped, would become the decade of repatriation. However, although over nine million refugees were repatriated worldwide between 1991 and 1995, there are reasons to believe that it will not necessarily be a durable solution for refugees. It certainly has become clear that the end of the refugee cycle has been much more complex, and ultimately more elusive, than expected. The changing constructions and realities of refugee repatriation provide the backdrop for this book which presents new empirical research on examples of refugee repatriation and reconstruction. Apart from providing up-to-date material, it also fills a more fundamental gap in the literature which has tended to be based on pedagogical reasoning rather than actual field research. Adopting a global perspective, this volume draws together conclusions from highly varied experiences of refugee repatriation and defines repatriation and reconstruction as part of a wider and interrelated refugee cycle of displacement, exile and return. The contributions come from authors with a wealth of relevant practical and academic experience, spanning the continents of Africa, Asia, Central America, and Europe. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The Economic Life of Refugees Karen Jacobsen, 2005 What happens to refugees, the victims of forced migration, once the first rush of media attention and aid has passed and they must rebuild their lives essentially on their own? Karen Jacobsen explores the economic survival strategies of refugees, and the obstacles that they face, as they live in a protracted state of displacement. She also proposes alternative approaches for humanitarian agencies seeking to offer meaningful support. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Health in Diversity – Diversity in Health Katharina Crepaz, Ulrich Becker, Elisabeth Wacker, 2020-02-03 European public discourse often frames (forced) migration solely as a security issue and ignores the implications of societal diversity for health, quality-of-life and well-being, in both Africa and Europe. The present volume offers an interdisciplinary and international look at the relationship between refugees, diversity, and health, including health care policies, socio-political framework conditions, environmental factors, the situation in refugee camps, quality-of-life approaches and economical perspectives. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Economic and Socio-Cultural Impact of Refugees on the Kenyan Communities. A Case Study at Kakuma Camp Mallion Kwamboka, 2018-03-28 Case Study from the year 2017 in the subject Sociology - Individual, Groups, Society, , language: English, abstract: This study sought to investigate the economic and socio-cultural impact of refugees on the Kenyan communities. The data for this study was collected from primary and secondary sources. The research instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. The study population comprised of 30 refugees, 10 camp officials and 20 locals. Purposive sampling was used to select 60 respondents. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, means and percentages were used in analyzing data. Unlike many communities whereby refugees are restricted to the camp, the situation in Kakuma Camp is different. The Kakuma refugees move freely to any part of the Kakuma. There is a good social relation between the host community and the refugees in Kakuma. There have been intermarriages between the refugees and the host community. The hosts and the refugees also attend some social events like weddings, funerals and child naming ceremonies together. However, there are some minor negative developments as a result of the refugees’ presence for almost two decades in the Kakuma community. These negative impacts include poor sanitation, scarcity of land, security issues and moral degeneration. This notwithstanding, the positive impacts of the refugees’ presence on the host community outweighed the negatives. Indeed, the presence of the refugees on Kakuma has turned the place from a small village to an urbanized centre. The Kakuma community can boast of much better modern infrastructural development springing up all over the town after the refugees’ settlement. The study found the types of development that can be associated with the presence of the refugees to include the provision of banks, telecommunication and Internet cafés. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: People Forced to Flee United Nations United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2022-02 This volume is an authoritative contribution to scholarly and policy debates surrounding forced displacement, as well as to practice. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Public Sector Reform in the Middle East and North Africa Robert P. Beschel, Tarik M. Yousef, 2020-12-01 Critical examinations of efforts to make governments more efficient and responsive Political upheavals and civil wars in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have obscured efforts by many countries in the region to reform their public sectors. Unwieldy, unresponsive—and often corrupt—governments across the region have faced new pressure, not least from their publics, to improve the quality of public services and open up their decisionmaking processes. Some of these reform efforts were under way and at least partly successful before the outbreak of the Arab Spring in 2010. Reform efforts have continued in some countries despite the many upheavals since then. This book offers a comprehensive assessment of a wide range of reform efforts in nine countries. In six cases the reforms targeted core systems of government: Jordan's restructuring of cabinet operations, the Palestinian Authority's revision of public financial management, Morocco's voluntary retirement program, human resource management reforms in Lebanon, an e-governance initiative in Dubai, and attempts to improve transparency in Tunisia. Five other reform efforts tackled line departments of government, among them Egypt's attempt to improve tax collection and Saudi Arabia's work to improve service delivery and bill collection. Some of these reform efforts were more successful than others. This book examines both the good and the bad, looking not only at what each reform accomplished but at how it was implemented. The result is a series of useful lessons on how public sector reforms can be adopted in MENA. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Black Identities Mary C. WATERS, 2009-06-30 The story of West Indian immigrants to the United States is generally considered to be a great success. Mary Waters, however, tells a very different story. She finds that the values that gain first-generation immigrants initial success--a willingness to work hard, a lack of attention to racism, a desire for education, an incentive to save--are undermined by the realities of life and race relations in the United States. Contrary to long-held beliefs, Waters finds, those who resist Americanization are most likely to succeed economically, especially in the second generation. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Who Benefits from State and Local Economic Development Policies? Timothy J. Bartik, 1991 |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: What Fundamentals Drive World Migration? Timothy J. Hatton, Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003 Examines economic and demographic fundamentals that drove the European mass emigration in the half-century before 1914, US immigration over the last three decades, and migration from and within Africa. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The Oxford Handbook of Migration Crises Dr. Cecilia Menjívar, Dr. Marie Ruiz, Dr. Immanuel Ness, 2019-01-16 The objective of The Oxford Handbook of Migration Crises is to deconstruct, question, and redefine through a critical lens what is commonly understood as migration crises. The volume covers a wide range of historical, economic, social, political, and environmental conditions that generate migration crises around the globe. At the same time, it illuminates how the media and public officials play a major role in framing migratory flows as crises. The volume brings together an exceptional group of scholars from around the world to critically examine migration crises and to revisit the notion of crisis through the context in which permanent and non-permanent migration flows occur. The Oxford Handbook of Migration Crises offers an understanding of individuals in societies, socio-economic structures, and group processes. Focusing on migrants' departures and arrivals in all continents, this comprehensive handbook explores the social dynamics of migration crises, with an emphasis on factors that propel these flows as well as the actors that play a role in classifying them and in addressing them. The volume is organized into nine sections. The first section provides a historical overview of the link between migration and crises. The second looks at how migration crises are constructed, while the third section contextualizes the causes and effects of protracted conflicts in producing crises. The fourth focuses on the role of climate and the environment in generating migration crises, while the fifth section examines these migratory flows in migration corridors and transit countries. The sixth section looks at policy responses to migratory flows, The last three sections look at the role media and visual culture, gender, and immigrant incorporation play in migration crises. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Man Out Andrew L. Yarrow, 2018-09-11 The story of men who are hurting—and hurting America by their absence Man Out describes the millions of men on the sidelines of life in the United States. Many of them have been pushed out of the mainstream because of an economy and society where the odds are stacked against them; others have chosen to be on the outskirts of twenty-first-century America. These men are disconnected from work, personal relationships, family and children, and civic and community life. They may be angry at government, employers, women, and the system in general—and millions of them have done time in prison and have cast aside many social norms. Sadly, too many of these men are unsure what it means to be a man in contemporary society. Wives or partners reject them; children are estranged from them; and family, friends, and neighbors are embarrassed by them. Many have disappeared into a netherworld of drugs, alcohol, poor health, loneliness, misogyny, economic insecurity, online gaming, pornography, other off-the-grid corners of the internet, and a fantasy world of starting their own business or even writing the Great American novel. Most of the men described in this book are poorly educated, with low incomes and often with very few prospects for rewarding employment. They are also disproportionately found among millennials, those over 50, and African American men. Increasingly, however, these lost men are discovered even in tony suburbs and throughout the nation. It is a myth that men on the outer corners of society are only lower-middle-class white men dislocated by technology and globalization. Unlike those who primarily blame an unjust economy, government policies, or a culture sanctioning laziness, Man Out explores the complex interplay between economics and culture. It rejects the politically charged dichotomy of seeing such men as either victims or culprits. These men are hurting, and in turn they are hurting families and hurting America. It is essential to address their problems. Man Out draws on a wide range of data and existing research as well as interviews with several hundred men, women, and a wide variety of economists and other social scientists, social service providers and physicians, and with employers, through a national online survey and in-depth fieldwork in several communities. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Crossing Rebecca Hamlin, 2021-05-11 The first in-depth exploration of the persistence and pervasiveness of a dangerous legal fiction about people who cross borders: the binary distinction between migrant and refugee. Today, the concept of the refugee as distinct from other migrants looms large. Immigration laws have developed to reinforce a conceptual dichotomy between those viewed as voluntary, often economically motivated, migrants who can be legitimately excluded by potential host states, and those viewed as forced, often politically motivated, refugees who should be let in. In Crossing, Rebecca Hamlin argues against advocacy positions that cling to this distinction. Everything we know about people who decide to move suggests that border crossing is far more complicated than any binary, or even a continuum, can encompass. The decision to leave home is almost always multi-causal and often involves many stops and hazards along the way--a reality not captured by a system that categorizes a majority of border-crossers as undeserving, and the rare few as vulnerable and needy. Drawing on cases of various border crises across Europe, North America, South America, and the Middle East, Hamlin outlines major inconsistencies and faulty assumptions upon which the binary relies, and explains its endurance and appeal by tracing its origins to the birth of the modern state and the rise of colonial empire. The migrant/refugee binary is not just an innocuous shorthand, indeed its power stems from the way in which is it painted as objective, neutral, and apolitical. In truth, the binary is a dangerous legal fiction, politically constructed with the ultimate goal of making harsh border control measures more ethically palatable to the public. This book is a challenge to all those invested in the rights and study of migrants, to interrogate their own assumptions and move towards more equitable advocacy for all border crossers. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Health and Migration International Organization for Migration, 2005 The Seminar on Health and Migration was initiated in recognition of the need to assess the public health implications of increasingly mobile populations, and to integrate health policies into migration management strategies. This publication details the broad range of issues discussed during the seminar including: the use of pre-departure health assessments; the need to address the mental health of migrants; healthcare access for irregular migrants; and the migration of healthcare workers. It also sets out the main challenges and areas for policy reform, such as the need for programme support, local capacity building, information-sharing and communication of best practices. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Total Factor Productividty Growth in Agriculture A. F. D. ávila, 2010 In this chapter we compute measures of total factor productivity (TFP) growth for developing countries and then contrast TFP growth with technological capital indexes. In developing these indexes, we incorporate schooling capital to yield two new indexes: Invention-Innovation Capital and Technology Mastery. We find that TFP performance is strongly related to technological capital and that technological capital is required for TFP and cost reduction growth. Investments in technological capital require long-term (20- to 40-year) investments, which are typically made by governments and aid agencies and are the only viable escape route from mass poverty. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Socioeconomic Impact of Refugees on Hosting Communites Case Study Kebri-beyah District Ethiopia Mustafe M. Qarayar, 2023-12-04 Master's Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Politics - Region: Africa, grade: B+, Nanjing University (College of Business and Economics), course: Development Economics, language: English, abstract: The research's objective is to define or identify the impact of refugees on hosting communities of Kebri-beyah. Ethiopia is the second most populous refugee-hosting country in Africa. In March 2021 UNHCR estimated that Ethiopia had 758,199 registered refugees and asylum seekers and most of the 99 percent of these refugees are from four countries: South Sudan, Somalia, Eritrea and Sudan. Kebribeyah Refugee Camp is one of Ethiopia's hosted refugees, and it is Ethiopia's oldest Somali refugee camp, being opened in February 1991, during the height of Somalia's civil war. The causes and impacts of the refugee crisis are all complex. It's crucial to remember that individuals are always the primary victims of the refugee crisis. It does, however, present itself in a variety of ways on a societal, governmental, and international scale. Clearly, humanity is confronted with a humanitarian, moral, and development challenge. Indeed, its scope is broad enough to have a considerable impact on issues about security, the environment, and natural resources. However, a cursory examination of history reveals that the refugee crisis is not a recent occurrence. The refugees' social, homes to presumably, places of safety. Central America, Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia are apt illustrations as people labor daily to escape the depressing effects of war and natural disasters. A range of events and circumstances contribute to the global refugee crisis. Massive human rights violations, particularly colonialism, direct and structural violence, war, internal conflicts, external aggression, ethnic and religious strife, direct political persecution, and economic and national calamities are among them. Nonetheless, conflict is the primary cause of today's refugee migrations. The majority of mass movements, particularly contemporary refugee movements in the Third World, are fueled by war and ethnic warfare, and they shape socioeconomic inequities fight for political power among violently rival ethnic groups, such as Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan. The majority of refugee movements are unplanned and unexpected. The majority of them fled their homes after witnessing individuals being executed near their homes or when bombings or other reasons made it difficult to obtain food or shelter. The majority of countries receiving high numbers of refugees, such as Ethiopia, are developing and poor countries. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: World Development Indicators 2009 CD-ROM World Bank, 2009-09-30 Looking for accurate, up-to-date data on development issues? 'World Development Indicators' is the World Bank's premier annual compilation of data about development. This indispensable statistical reference allows you to consult over 900 indicators for some 150 economies and 14 country groups in more than 80 tables. It provides a current overview of the most recent data available as well as important regional data and income group analysis in six thematic sections: World View, People, Environment, Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. The CD-ROM* editions contain 46 years of time series data for more than 200 countries from 1960-2007, single-year observations, and spreadsheets on many topics. It contains more than 1,000 country tables and the text from the World Development Indicators 2009 print edition. The 'Windows' based format permits users to search for and retrieve data in spreadsheet form, create maps and charts, and fully download them into other popular software programs for study or presentation purposes.*The CD-ROM system requires Windows 98 or NT 4.0 or later, 20 MB of available hard disk space, 32 MB of RAM, and 2 MB of video memory. 64 K color video display recommended. Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 or higher and sound card optional.Data is also available online on a subscription basis - WDI Online. |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: The Global Refugee Crisis Justin Healey, 2016-04-01 |
| economic impact of refugees on host communities: Food Aid Paul J. Isenman, Hans Wolfgang Singer, 1975 |
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