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| economic benefits of biodiversity: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in National and International Policy Making Patrick ten Brink, 2012-09-10 The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study is a major international initiative drawing attention to local, national and global economic benefits of biodiversity, to highlight the growing costs of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, the benefits of investing in natural capital, and to draw together expertise from the fields of science, economics and policy to enable practical actions. Drawing on a team of more than one hundred authors and reviewers, this book demonstrates the value of ecosystems and biodiversity to the economy, society and individuals. It underlines the urgency of strategic policy making and action at national and international levels, and presents a rich evidence base of policies and instruments in use around the world and a wide range of innovative solutions. It highlights the need for new public policy to reflect the appreciation that public goods and social benefits are often overlooked and that we need a transition to decision making which integrates the many values of nature across policy sectors. It explores the range of instruments to reward those offering ecosystem service benefits, such as water provision and climate regulation. It looks at fiscal and regulatory instruments to reduce the incentives of those running down our natural capital, and at reforming subsidies such that they respond to current and future priorities. The authors also consider two major areas of investment in natural capital - protected areas and investment in restoration. Overall the book underlines the needs and ways to transform our approach to natural capital, and demonstrates how we can practically take into account the value of ecosystems and biodiversity in policy decisions - at national and international levels - to promote the protection of our environment and contribute to a sustainable economy and to the wellbeing of societies. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: The Economic Value of Biodiversity David Pearce, Dominic Moran, 2013-11-05 Biodiversity loss is one of the major resource problems facing the world, and the policy options available are restricted by inappropriate economic tools which fail to capture the value of species and their variety. This study describes in non-technical terms how cost-benefit analysis techniques can be applied to species and species loss, and how they provide a measure of the efficiency of conservation measures. Only when conservation can be shown to pass such a basic economic test, the authors claim, will it be incorporated into policies.;David Pearce has also written Blueprint for a Green Economy. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Conserving Biodiversity National Research Council, Board on Science and Technology for International Development, 1992-02-01 The loss of the earth's biological diversity is widely recognized as a critical environmental problem. That loss is most severe in developing countries, where the conditions of human existence are most difficult. Conserving Biodiversity presents an agenda for research that can provide information to formulate policy and design conservation programs in the Third World. The book includes discussions of research needs in the biological sciences as well as economics and anthropology, areas of critical importance to conservation and sustainable development. Although specifically directed toward development agencies, non-governmental organizations, and decisionmakers in developing nations, this volume should be of interest to all who are involved in the conservation of biological diversity. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Social and Economic Benefits of Protected Areas Marianne Kettunen, Patrick ten Brink, 2013-09-05 Protected areas (PAs) contain biodiversity and ecosystems of high conservation value. In addition, these areas provide a range of benefits, both direct and indirect, to our societies and economies, i.e. so called ecosystem services. These services include, for example, an ecosystem's ability to regulate floods and climate, purify water, secure the pollination of crops, and create opportunities for recreation, culture and tourism. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the socio-economic benefits of PAs and PA networks and provides step-by-step practical guidance on identifying, assessing and valuing the various ecosystem services and related benefits provided by PAs. It also aims to improve the communication of PA benefits to different stakeholders and the general public. It is shown that identifying and valuing the socio-economic benefits of PAs can be beneficial for several reasons. Demonstrating socio-economic importance of a protected site can significantly increase political and stakeholder support for the site and resolve conflicts between different interest groups. This can lead to positive changes in policies and decision-making. Insights on PA benefits are also needed to identify a combination of actions and land use practices that best support the sustainable and equitable utilisation of these benefits, while retaining a site’s conservation goals. Finally, demonstrating different benefits can help to discover alternative and sustainable sources for financing the management of PAs. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations Pushpam Kumar, 2012-12-20 Human well-being relies critically on ecosystem services provided by nature. Examples include water and air quality regulation, nutrient cycling and decomposition, plant pollination and flood control, all of which are dependent on biodiversity. They are predominantly public goods with limited or no markets and do not command any price in the conventional economic system, so their loss is often not detected and continues unaddressed and unabated. This in turn not only impacts human well-being, but also seriously undermines the sustainability of the economic system. It is against this background that TEEB: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity project was set up in 2007 and led by the United Nations Environment Programme to provide a comprehensive global assessment of economic aspects of these issues. This book, written by a team of international experts, represents the scientific state of the art, providing a comprehensive assessment of the fundamental ecological and economic principles of measuring and valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity, and showing how these can be mainstreamed into public policies. This volume and subsequent TEEB outputs will provide the authoritative knowledge and guidance to drive forward the biodiversity conservation agenda for the next decade. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Biodiversity: Finance and the Economic and Business Case for Action OECD, 2019-12-06 This report sets the economic and business case for urgent and ambitious action on biodiversity. It presents a preliminary assessment of current biodiversity-related finance flows, and discusses the key data and indicator gaps that need to be addressed to underpin effective monitoring of both the pressures on biodiversity and the actions (i.e. responses) being implemented. The report concludes with ten priority areas where G7 and other countries can prioritise their efforts. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Handbook of Market Creation for Biodiversity Issues in Implementation OECD, 2004-11-03 This OECD Handbook shows how public policy in the form of market creation can be used to internalise the loss of biodiversity. It promotes the use of markets to ensure that our collective preferences for conservation and sustainable use are reflected in economic outcomes. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Local and Regional Policy and Management Heidi Wittmer, Haripriya Gundimeda, 2012 Human well-being is dependent upon 'ecosystem services' provided by nature for free, such as water and air purification, fisheries, timber and nutrient cycling. These are predominantly public goods with no markets and no prices, so their loss is often not detected by our current economic incentive system and therefore continues unabated. A variety of pressures resulting from population growth, changing diets, urbanisation, climate change and many other factors is causing biodiversity to decline and ecosystems to be degraded. The world's. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Perspectives on Biodiversity National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Life Sciences, Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity, 1999-10-01 Resource-management decisions, especially in the area of protecting and maintaining biodiversity, are usually incremental, limited in time by the ability to forecast conditions and human needs, and the result of tradeoffs between conservation and other management goals. The individual decisions may not have a major effect but can have a cumulative major effect. Perspectives on Biodiversity reviews current understanding of the value of biodiversity and the methods that are useful in assessing that value in particular circumstances. It recommends and details a list of components-including diversity of species, genetic variability within and among species, distribution of species across the ecosystem, the aesthetic satisfaction derived from diversity, and the duty to preserve and protect biodiversity. The book also recommends that more information about the role of biodiversity in sustaining natural resources be gathered and summarized in ways useful to managers. Acknowledging that decisions about biodiversity are necessarily qualitative and change over time because of the nonmarket nature of so many of the values, the committee recommends periodic reviews of management decisions. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: The Economics of Biodiversity Conservation K. N. Ninan, 2012 Economic valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is possibly the most powerful tool for halting the loss of biodiversity while maintaining incomes and livelihoods. Yet rarely have such approaches been applied to tropical forest ?hotspots?, which house the vast majority of the planets plant and animal species. This ground-breaking work is the most comprehensive and detailed examination of the economics of environmental valuation and biodiversity conservation to date. Focusing on the Western Ghats of India, one of the top biodiversity hotspots in the world, this volume looks at a cross-section of local communities living within or near sanctuaries and reserve forests such as coffee growers, indigenous people and farmers-cum-pastoralists to assess the use and non-use values that people derive from tropical forests. It also looks at the extent of their dependence on forests for various goods and services, and examines their perceptions and attitudes towards biodiversity conservation and wildlife protection. The book concludes with an assessment of the institutional alternatives and policies for promoting biodiversity conservation through economic valuation methods. Related titles Economics for Collaborative Environmental Management (2005) 1-84407-095-6 |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Paying for Biodiversity Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2010-10-12 Drawing on the literature concerning effective Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programmes and on more than 30 case studies, this book aims to identify good practice in the design and implementation of PES programmes so as to enhance their environmental and cost effectiveness. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: The Nature of Nature Enric Sala, 2020-08-25 In this inspiring manifesto, an internationally renowned ecologist makes a clear case for why protecting nature is our best health insurance, and why it makes economic sense. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change Melissa R. Marselle, Jutta Stadler, Horst Korn, Katherine N. Irvine, Aletta Bonn, 2019-06-11 This open access book identifies and discusses biodiversity’s contribution to physical, mental and spiritual health and wellbeing. Furthermore, the book identifies the implications of this relationship for nature conservation, public health, landscape architecture and urban planning – and considers the opportunities of nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation. This transdisciplinary book will attract a wide audience interested in biodiversity, ecology, resource management, public health, psychology, urban planning, and landscape architecture. The emphasis is on multiple human health benefits from biodiversity - in particular with respect to the increasing challenge of climate change. This makes the book unique to other books that focus either on biodiversity and physical health or natural environments and mental wellbeing. The book is written as a definitive ‘go-to’ book for those who are new to the field of biodiversity and health. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss Alexander Wood, Pamela Stedman-Edwards, Johanna Mang, 2013-11-05 The world is losing species and biodiversity at an unprecedented rate. The causes go deep and the losses are driven by a complex array of social, economic, political and biological factors at different levels. Immediate causes such as over-harvesting, pollution and habitat change have been well studied, but the socioeconomic factors driving people to degrade their environment are less well understood. This book examines the underlying causes. It provides analyses of a range of case studies from Brazil, Cameroon, China, Danube River Basin, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Tanzania and Vietnam, and integrates them into a new and interdisciplinary framework for understanding what is happening. From these results, the editors are able to derive policy conclusions and recommendations for operational and institutional approaches to address the root causes and reverse the current trends. It makes a contribution to the understanding of all those - from ecologists and conservationists to economists and policy makers - working on one of the major challenges we face. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Ecological-Economic Modelling for Biodiversity Conservation Martin Drechsler, 2020-03-26 Presents the state-of-the-art of model-based integration of ecology and economics in the field of biodiversity conservation. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Heat, Greed and Human Need Ian Gough, 2017-10-27 This book builds an essential bridge between climate change and social policy. Combining ethics and human need theory with political economy and climate science, it offers a long-term, interdisciplinary analysis of the prospects for sustainable development and social justice. Beyond ‘green growth’ (which assumes an unprecedented rise in the emissions efficiency of production) it envisages two further policy stages vital for rich countries: a progressive ‘recomposition’ of consumption, and a post-growth ceiling on demand. An essential resource for scholars and policymakers. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Economics of Protected Areas and Its Effect on Biodiversity Ram Bir Singh Kushwah, 2001 With reference to India. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Biodiversity Loss Charles Perrings, 1997-01-28 This volume reports key findings of the Biodiversity Program of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences' Beijer Institute. The program brought together a number of eminent ecologists and economists to consider the nature and significance of the biodiversity problem. In encouraging collaborative work between these closely related disciplines it sought to shed new light on the concept of diversity; the implications of biological diversity for the functioning of ecosystems; the driving forces behind biodiversity loss; and the options for promoting biodiversity conservation. The results of the program are surprising. It is shown that the core of the biodiversity problem is a loss of ecosystem resilience and the insurance it provides against the uncertain environmental effects of economic and population growth. This is as much a local as a global problem, implying that biodiversity conservation offers benefits that are as much local as global. The solutions as well as the causes of biodiversity loss lie in incentives to local users. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Accounting for Biodiversity Michael Jones, 2014 This book explores the financial, business risk, ethical, cultural, and emotional rationales underlying the need for companies to actively protect, conserve and improve biodiversity within their sphere of operation. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Handbook of Biodiversity Valuation A Guide for Policy Makers OECD, 2002-03-26 This Handbook describes the types of values usually associated with biodiversity. While there are exceptions to the need to prioritise economic values over other values, economic valuation has a sound theoretical foundation that can help clarify the tradeoffs implicit in public policy decisions. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Spatial Conservation Prioritization Atte Moilanen, Kerrie A. Wilson, Hugh Possingham, 2009-05-28 In a coherent and comprehensive set of chapters, a team of leading scientists describe the present state-of-the-art in spatial conservation planning methodology with a focus on operational definitions and methods, supported by the latest technological details and applications of publicly available software. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World Josep G. Canadell, Diane E. Pataki, Louis F. Pitelka, 2007-01-10 This book examines the impacts of global change on terrestrial ecosystems. Emphasis is placed on impacts of atmospheric, climate and land use change, and the book discusses the future challenges and the scientific frameworks to address them. Finally, the book explores fundamental new research developments and the need for stronger integration of natural and human dimensions in addressing the challenge of global change. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Current State and Future Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity Rathoure, Ashok Kumar, Chauhan, Pawan Bharati, 2019-11-29 Understanding the balance of society and nature is imperative when researching ecosystems and their global influence. A method of studying the health of these ecosystems is biodiversity. The more diverse the species that live in an ecosystem, the healthier it is. As the climate continues to transform, small-scale ecosystems are affected, altering their diversity. Environmentalists need a book of research that studies the specific impacts of climate change and how it affects the future of the environment. Current State and Future Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on biological systems and how climate change influences their health. While highlighting topics such as genetic diversity, economic valuation, and climatic conditions, this publication explores the effects of climate change as well as the methods of sustainable management within ecosystems. This book is ideally designed for environmental scientists, environmental professionals, scientists, ecologists, conservationists, government officials, policymakers, agriculturalists, environmentalists, zoologists, botanists, entomologists, urban planners, researchers, scholars, and students seeking research on current and future developments of various ecosystems. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Sustaining Life Eric Chivian, Aaron Bernstein, 2008-05-15 Edited and written by Harvard Medical School physicians Eric Chivian and Aaron Bernstein, Sustaining Life presents a comprehensive--and sobering--view of how human medicines, biomedical research, the emergence and spread of infectious diseases, and the production of food, both on land and in the oceans, depend on on the earth's disappearaing biodiversity. With a foreword by E.O. Wilson and a prologue by Kofi Annan, and more than 200 poignant color illustrations, Sustaining Life contributes essential perspective to the debate over how humans affect biodiversity and a compelling demonstration of the human health costs. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Technologies to maintain biological diversity. United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment, |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Biological Invasions Wolfgang Nentwig, 2007-02-13 This new volume on Biological Invasions deals with both plants and animals, differing from previous books by extending from the level of individual species to an ecosystem and global level. Topics of highest societal relevance, such as the impact of genetically modified organisms, are interlinked with more conventional ecological aspects, including biodiversity. The combination of these approaches is new and makes compelling reading for researchers and environmentalists. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Inclusive Wealth Report 2018 Shunsuke Managi, Pushpam Kumar, 2018-07-18 The Inclusive Wealth Index provides important insights into long-term economic growth and human well-being. The Index measures the wealth of nations through a comprehensive analysis of a country's productive base and the country’s wealth in terms of progress, well-being and long-term sustainability. It measures all assets which human well-being is based upon, in particular, produced, human and natural capital to create and maintain human well-being over time. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Biodiversity and Conservation Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Devarajan Thangadurai, Goh Hong Ching, Saher Islam, 2019-04-30 This volume provides an enlightening and pragmatic approach to preserving biological diversity by gathering a wide range of peer-reviewed scientific content from biodiversity researchers and conservators from around the world. It brings comprehensive knowledge and information on the present status of conservation of biological diversity including floral, faunal, and microbial diversity. A detailed account of recent trends in conservation and applications under changing climate conditions, focusing mainly on agriculturally and industrially important microbes and their sustainable utilization, is presented as well. Over the past five decades, extensive research work has been done on many aspects of biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization of biological resources. This book examines this crucial issue. Chapters discuss biodiversity concepts, benefits, and values for economic and sustainable development; explores applications and strategies for biodiversity preservation; and considers the role of biodiversity conservation in public awareness services and cultural significance. The volume also examines the process of evolution and the future of biodiversity in conjunction with climate change factors, with special reference to infectious diseases. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Pristine Seas Enric Sala, Leonardo DiCaprio, 2015 National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Enric Sala takes readers on an unforgettable journey to 10 places where the ocean is virtually untouched by man, offering a fascinating glimpse into our past and an inspiring vision for the future. From the shark-rich waters surrounding Coco Island, Costa Rica, to the iceberg-studded sea off Franz Josef Land, Russia, this incredible photographic collection showcases the thriving marine ecosystems that Sala is working to protect. Offering a rare glimpse into the world's underwater Edens, more than 200 images take you to the frontier of the Pristine Seas expeditions, where Sala's teams explore the breathtaking wildlife and habitats from the depths to the surface--thriving ecosystems with healthy corals and a kaleidoscopic variety of colorful fish and stunning creatures that have been protected from human interference. With this dazzling array of photographs that capture the beauty of the water and the incredible wildlife within it, this book shows us the brilliance of the sea in its natural state.-- |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Land Use Intensification Saul Cunningham, Andrew Young, David Lindenmayer, 2012-07-18 There can be little doubt that there are truly colossal challenges associated with providing food, fibre and energy for an expanding world population without further accelerating already rapid rates of biodiversity loss and undermining the ecosystem processes on which we all depend. These challenges are further complicated by rapid changes in climate and its additional direct impacts on agriculture, biodiversity and ecological processes. There are many different viewpoints about the best way to deal with the myriad issues associated with land use intensification and this book canvasses a number of these from different parts of the tropical and temperate world. Chapters focus on whether science can suggest new and improved approaches to reducing the conflict between productive land use and biodiversity conservation. Who should read this book? Policy makers in regional, state and federal governments, as well as scientists and the interested lay public. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Poverty in the Philippines Asian Development Bank, 2009-12-01 Against the backdrop of the global financial crisis and rising food, fuel, and commodity prices, addressing poverty and inequality in the Philippines remains a challenge. The proportion of households living below the official poverty line has declined slowly and unevenly in the past four decades, and poverty reduction has been much slower than in neighboring countries such as the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Economic growth has gone through boom and bust cycles, and recent episodes of moderate economic expansion have had limited impact on the poor. Great inequality across income brackets, regions, and sectors, as well as unmanaged population growth, are considered some of the key factors constraining poverty reduction efforts. This publication analyzes the causes of poverty and recommends ways to accelerate poverty reduction and achieve more inclusive growth. it also provides an overview of current government responses, strategies, and achievements in the fight against poverty and identifies and prioritizes future needs and interventions. The analysis is based on current literature and the latest available data, including the 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Global Deforestation Christiane Runyan, Paolo D'Odorico, 2016-04-18 Global Deforestation provides a concise but comprehensive examination of the variety of ways in which deforestation modifies environmental processes, as well as the societal implications of these changes. The book stresses how forest ecosystems may be prone to nearly irreversible degradation. To prevent the loss of important biophysical and socioeconomic functions, forests need to be adequately managed and protected against the increasing demand for agricultural land and forest resources. The book describes the spatial extent of forests, and provides an understanding of the past and present drivers of deforestation. It presents a theoretical background to understand the impacts of deforestation on biodiversity, hydrological functioning, biogeochemical cycling, and climate. It bridges the physical and biological sciences with the social sciences by examining economic impacts and socioeconomic drivers of deforestation. This book will appeal to advanced students, researchers and policymakers in environmental science, ecology, forestry, hydrology, plant science, ecohydrology, and environmental economics. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Conservation Biogeography Richard J. Ladle, Robert J. Whittaker, 2011-01-11 CONSERVATION BIOGEOGRAPHY The Earth’s ecosystems are in the midst of an unprecedented period of change as a result of human action. Many habitats have been completely destroyed or divided into tiny fragments, others have been transformed through the introduction of new species, or the extinction of native plants and animals, while anthropogenic climate change now threatens to completely redraw the geographic map of life on this planet. The urgent need to understand and prescribe solutions to this complicated and interlinked set of pressing conservation issues has lead to the transformation of the venerable academic discipline of biogeography – the study of the geographic distribution of animals and plants. The newly emerged sub-discipline of conservation biogeography uses the conceptual tools and methods of biogeography to address real world conservation problems and to provide predictions about the fate of key species and ecosystems over the next century. This book provides the first comprehensive review of the field in a series of closely interlinked chapters addressing the central issues within this exciting and important subject. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Biodiversity Steve Morton, Mark Lonsdale, Andy Sheppard, 2014-06-05 Australians have stewardship of a beautiful, diverse and unique environment. We have long had a sense that the biodiversity of this country is special. Yet, despite our sense of its importance, in many parts of our country biodiversity is in trouble. Given the economic, ecological and social importance of biodiversity to our nation, CSIRO has been conducting research into Australia's biodiversity for nearly 90 years. This research has not simply focused on quantifying the challenge, but also on identifying practical solutions for its sustainable management. Biodiversity: Science and Solutions for Australia aims to provide access to the latest scientific knowledge on Australia’s biodiversity in an engaging and clear format. The book describes the ancient origins and unique features of Australia’s species, as well as the current status of our biodiversity. It outlines tools for management and planning, highlights Indigenous perspectives on biodiversity, and looks at how Australia’s biodiversity interacts with agriculture, the resources sector, cities, and with our changing global environment. Importantly, it also shows that biodiversity is in the eye of the beholder: for some it is our life support system, for others it is a resource to be used, for others it is a precious cultural symbol. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Climate Change Johan Eliasch, 2008 First Published in 2008. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: In the Light of Evolution National Academy of Sciences, 2007 The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Climate Change and Cities Cynthia Rosenzweig, William D. Solecki, Patricia Romero-Lankao, Shagun Mehrotra, Shobhakar Dhakal, Somayya Ali Ibrahim, 2018-03-29 Climate Change and Cities bridges science-to-action for climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts in cities around the world. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Scaling-up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity OECD, 2013-05-24 This report examines six mechanisms that can be used to scale-up financing for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use and to help meet the 2011-20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Abrupt Climate Change National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Polar Research Board, Ocean Studies Board, Committee on Abrupt Climate Change, 2002-04-23 The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future. |
| economic benefits of biodiversity: Nature in the Balance Dieter Helm, Cameron Hepburn, 2014 This book addresses the economic and policy issues involved in biodiversity protection. It brings together conceptual and empirical work on valuation, international agreements, the policy instruments, and the institutions. |
The economic value of biodiversity: Why it matters for humanity.
One of the most direct ways biodiversity contributes to the economy is through agriculture. Diverse ecosystems support the growth of a wide range of crops and livestock, enhancing …
Determining the economic costs and benefits of conservation …
We present a three-step framework for identifying and recording the relevant economic costs and bene-fits of conservation interventions where the user (1) describes the costing con-text, (2) …
Economic benefits of biodiversity exceed costs - JSTOR
Economic research on biodiversity conservation has focused on the costs of conservation reserves and the benefits of intact ecosys-tems; however, no study has simultaneously …
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY TO CROP
In summary, the results generally show that biodiversity provides economic benefits to crop production in terms of providing pollination services, biocontrol of pests, soil formation, …
The Economics of Biodiversity - Cambridge University Press
We rely on Nature to provide us with food, water and shelter; regulate our climate and disease; maintain nutrient cycles and oxygen production; and provide us with spiritual fulfilment and …
The economic importance of biodiversity - J.P. Morgan
Biodiversity has broad societal implications. First, in agriculture, biodiversity is necessary for crops’ productivity—even their viability. Biodiverse conditions mean ample pollinators, species …
Using Economic Incentives for Biodiversity - International …
positive economic incentives for biodiversity conservation. This paper describes the underlying or root economic causes of biodiversity degradation and loss and highlights cases where there is …
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF BIODIVERSITY …
Biodiversity is commonly understood to include the number, variety and variability of organisms living on Earth. We have become accustomed to having decisions of protecting nature, or …
Economic of biodiversity: The importance of studies aimed at …
Biodiversity plays an important role in the global economy and sustainable development due to two main reasons. “The first is that, it provides a wide range of direct or indirect benefits to …
The Economics of Biodiversity: Some numbers and Sound-bites
Jan 1, 2023 · Achieving the SDGs opens up US$12 trillion of market opportunities in four core economic sectors: food and agriculture, cities, energy and materials, and health and well …
Economic benefits of biodiversity exceed costs of …
Our results show that revising entrance fees and redistributing ecotourism revenues would protect 114 of 143 forest bird species (80%) under current market conditions.
Benefits of Biodiversity - JSTOR
(biodiversity), including their genes and biomass, to humans and to the environment. We assess the economic and environmental benefits of the following major contributions of biodiversity: …
The Economics of Biodiversity Loss - copenhagenconsensus.com
• Benefits: Major benefits include diminishing rent seeking behavior, decreasing incentives that generate public bads like pollution and biodiversity loss, increasing economic efficiency, …
The economics of ecosysTems anD BioDiversiTy challenges …
and economic benefits, and practical insight into which policy options exist to better manage these changes. The fourth report in the series, ‘TEEB in Business and Enterprise’, described how …
Economic and Environmental Benefits of Biodiversity
environment. We assess the economic and environmental benefits of the following major contributions of biodiversity: organic waste disposal, soil formation, biological nitrogen
The economic costs of biodiversity loss and ecosystem …
Biodiversity enables Nature to be productive, resilient and adaptable. ØAgrobiodiversity as the foundation of food systems. --- Biodiversity is essential to ensure the provision of
On the functional relationship between biodiversity and …
Plausible biodiversity–economic value (bV) relationships derived from theoretical considerations and empirical examples reviewed here. See Table 2 and Supplementary Methods for detailed …
The Economic and Social Aspects of Biodiversity Benefits and …
The Social and Economic Benefits of Biodiversity This report has been commissioned by the Biodiversity Unit of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government to …
Economic Valuation of Marine and Coastal Biodiversity: …
This article explores the concept of economic valuation in the context of marine and coastal biodiversity. It examines the benefits derived from these ecosystems, explores the trade-offs …
THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY - Conventio…
• economic forces drive much of the extinction of the world's biological resources and biological diversity; yet • biodiversity has economic value. If …
The economic value of biodiversity: Why it matter…
One of the most direct ways biodiversity contributes to the economy is through agriculture. Diverse ecosystems support the growth of a …
Determining the economic costs and benefits of cons…
We present a three-step framework for identifying and recording the relevant economic costs and bene-fits of conservation interventions where …
Economic benefits of biodiversity exceed costs
Economic research on biodiversity conservation has focused on the costs of conservation reserves and the benefits of intact ecosys-tems; …
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY TO CROP
In summary, the results generally show that biodiversity provides economic benefits to crop production in terms of providing pollination services, …
