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| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Statistical Aspects of the Microbiological Examination of Foods Basil Jarvis, 2016-07-12 Statistical Aspects of the Microbiological Examination of Foods, Third Edition, updates some important statistical procedures following intensive collaborative work by many experts in microbiology and statistics, and corrects typographic and other errors present in the previous edition. Following a brief introduction to the subject, basic statistical concepts and procedures are described including both theoretical and actual frequency distributions that are associated with the occurrence of microorganisms in foods. This leads into a discussion of the methods for examination of foods and the sources of statistical and practical errors associated with the methods. Such errors are important in understanding the principles of measurement uncertainty as applied to microbiological data and the approaches to determination of uncertainty. The ways in which the concept of statistical process control developed many years ago to improve commercial manufacturing processes can be applied to microbiological examination in the laboratory. This is important in ensuring that laboratory results reflect, as precisely as possible, the microbiological status of manufactured products through the concept and practice of laboratory accreditation and proficiency testing. The use of properly validated standard methods of testing and the verification of 'in house' methods against internationally validated methods is of increasing importance in ensuring that laboratory results are meaningful in relation to development of and compliance with established microbiological criteria for foods. The final chapter of the book reviews the uses of such criteria in relation to the development of and compliance with food safety objectives. Throughout the book the theoretical concepts are illustrated in worked examples using real data obtained in the examination of foods and in research studies concerned with food safety. - Includes additional figures and tables together with many worked examples to illustrate the use of specific procedures in the analysis of data obtained in the microbiological examination of foods - Offers completely updated chapters and six new chapters - Brings the reader up to date and allows easy access to individual topics in one place - Corrects typographic and other errors present in the previous edition |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiological Analysis of Foods and Food Processing Environments Osman Erkmen, 2021-12-09 Microbiological Analysis of Foods and Food Processing Environments is a well-rounded text that focuses on food microbiology laboratory applications. The book provides detailed steps and effective visual representations with microbial morphology that are designed to be easily understood. Sections discuss the importance of the characteristics of microorganisms in isolation and enumeration of microorganisms. Users will learn more about the characteristics of microorganisms in medicine, the food industry, analysis laboratories, the protection of foods against microbial hazards, and the problems and solutions in medicine and the food industry. Food safety, applications of food standards, and identification of microorganisms in a variety of environments depend on the awareness of microorganisms in their sources, making this book useful for many industry professionals. - Includes basic microbiological methods used in the counting of microbial groups from foods and other samples - Covers the indicators of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms from foods and other samples - Incorporates identification of isolated microorganisms using basic techniques - Provides expressed isolation, counting and typing of viruses and bacteriophages - Explores the detection of microbiological quality in foods |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiological Analysis of Food and Water N.F. Lightfoot, E.A. Maier, 1998-04-22 With the help of leading Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) microbiology specialists in Europe, a complete set of guidelines on how to start and implement a quality system in a microbiological laboratory has been prepared, supported by the European Commission through the Measurement and Testing Programme. The working group included food and water microbiologists from various testing laboratories, universities and industry, as well as statisticians and QA and QC specialists in chemistry.This book contains the outcome of their work. It has been written with the express objective of using simple but accurate wording so as to be accessible to all microbiology laboratory staff. To facilitate reading, the more specialized items, in particular some statistical treatments, have been added as an annex to the book. All QA and QC tools mentioned within these guidelines have been developed and applied by the authors in their own laboratories. All aspects dealing with reference materials and interlaboratory studies have been taken in a large part from the projects conducted within the BCR and Measurement and Testing Programmes of the European Commission.With so many different quality control procedures, their introduction in a laboratory would appear to be a formidable task. The authors recognize that each laboratory manager will choose the most appropriate procedures, depending on the type and size of the laboratory in question. Accreditation bodies will not expect the introduction of all measures, only those that are appropriate for a particular laboratory.Features of this book:• Gives all quality assurance and control measures to be taken, from sampling to expression of results• Provides practical aspects of quality control to be applied both for the analyst and top management• Describes the use of reference materials for statistical control of methods and use of certified reference materials (including statistical tools). |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Bacteriological Analytical Manual United States. Food and Drug Administration. Division of Microbiology, 1969 |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods Yvonne Salfinger, Mary Lou Tortorello, 2015 The Fifth edition of the Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods has now been fully updated. All chapters have been revised and new chapters have been added. This Compendium is the primary authority for food safety testing and presents a comprehensive selection of proven testing methods with an emphasis on accuracy, relevance, and reliability. The Compendium is a must-have for all food laboratories, food manufacturers, public health laboratories, and anyone performing food safety testing. - Publisher. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiological Testing in Food Safety Management International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods Staff, 2012-12-06 2. 11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 CHAPTER 3-MEETING THE FSO THROUGH CONTROL MEASURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3. 2 Control Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3. 3 Confirm That the FSO Is Technically Achievable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3. 4 Importance of Control Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3. 5 Performance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3. 6 Process and Product Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 3. 7 The Use of Microbiological Sampling and Performance Criteria . . . . . . . . . 59 3. 8 Default Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3. 9 Process Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3. 10 Monitoring and Verifying Control Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 3. 11 Examples of Control Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 3. 12 Assessing Equivalency of Food Safety Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3. 13 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Appendix 3-A: Control Measures Commonly Applied to Foodborne Diseases . . 71 CHAPTER 4-SELECTION AND USE OF ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4. 2 Equivalence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4. 3 Establishment of Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4. 4 Application of Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 4. 5 Determining Acceptance by Approval of Supplier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4. 6 Examples To Demonstrate the Process of Lot Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 4. 7 Auditing Food Operations for Supplier Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 4. 8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 CHAPTER 5-ESTABLISHMENT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR LOT ACCEPTANCE . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 99 5. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 5. 2 Purposes and Application of Microbiological Criteria for Foods . . . . . . . . . 10 1 5. 3 Definition of Microbiological Criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1 5. 4 Types of Microbiological Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 5. 5 Application of Microbiological Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 5. 6 Principles for the Establishment of Microbiological Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 5. 7 Components of Microbiological Criteria for Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 5. 8 Examples of Microbiological Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology W. F. Harrigan, 1998-09-28 Basic methods; Techniques for the microbiological examination of foods; Microbiological examination of especific foods; Schemes for the identification of microorganisms. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiological Analysis of Red Meat, Poultry and Eggs G Mead, 2006-11-30 Red meat, poultry and eggs are, or have been, major global causes of foodborne disease in humans and are also prone to microbiological growth and spoilage. Consequently, monitoring the safety and quality of these products remains a primary concern. Microbiological analysis is an established tool in controlling the safety and quality of foods. Recent advances in preventative and risk-based approaches to food safety control have reinforced the role of microbiological testing of foods in food safety management.In a series of chapters written by international experts, the key aspects of microbiological analysis, such as sampling methods, use of faecal indicators, current approaches to testing of foods, detection and enumeration of pathogens and microbial identification techniques, are described and discussed. Attention is also given to the validation of analytical methods and Quality Assurance in the laboratory. Because of their present importance to the food industry, additional chapters on current and developing legislation in the European Union and the significance of Escherichia coli 0157 and other VTEC are included.Written by a team of international experts, Microbiological analysis of red meat, poultry and eggs is certain to become a standard reference in the important area of food microbiology. - Reviews key issues in food microbiology - Discusses key aspects of microbiological analysis such as sampling methods, detection and enumeration of pathogens - Includes chapters on the validation on analytical methods and quality assurance in the laboratory |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microorganisms in Foods 7 International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, 2018-02-22 The second edition of Microorganisms in Foods 7: Microbiological Testing in Food Safety Management updates and expands on information on the role of microbiological testing in modern food safety management systems. After helping the reader understand the often confusing statistical concepts underlying microbiological sampling, the second edition explores how risk assessment and risk management can be used to establish goals such as a “tolerable levels of risk,” Appropriate Levels of Protection, Food Safety Objectives or Performance Objectives for use in controlling foodborne illness. Guidelines for establishing effective management systems for control of specific hazards in foods are also addressed, including new examples for pathogens and indicator organisms in powdered infant formula, Listeria monocytogenes in deli-meats, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in leafy green vegetables, viruses in oysters and Campylobacter in poultry. In addition, a new chapter on application of sampling concept to microbiological methods, expanded chapters covering statistical process control, investigational sampling, environmental sampling, and alternative sampling schemes. The respective roles of industry and government are also explored, recognizing that it is through their collective actions that effective food safety systems are developed and verified. Understanding these systems and concepts can help countries determine whether imported foods were produced with an equivalent level of protection. Microorganisms in Foods 7 is intended for anyone using microbiological testing or setting microbiological criteria, whether for governmental food inspection and control, or industrial applications. It is also intended for those identifying the most effective use of microbiological testing in the food supply chain. For students in food science and technology, this book provides a wealth of information on food safety management principles used by government and industry, with many references for further study. The information was prepared by the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF). The ICMSF was formed in response to the need for internationally acceptable and authoritative decisions on microbiological limits for foods in international commerce. The current membership consists of fifteen food microbiologists from twelve countries, drawn from government, universities, and food processing and related industries. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee on the Review of the Use of Scientific Criteria and Performance Standards for Safe Food, 2003-09-29 Food safety regulators face a daunting task: crafting food safety performance standards and systems that continue in the tradition of using the best available science to protect the health of the American public, while working within an increasingly antiquated and fragmented regulatory framework. Current food safety standards have been set over a period of years and under diverse circumstances, based on a host of scientific, legal, and practical constraints. Scientific Criteria to Ensure Safe Food lays the groundwork for creating new regulations that are consistent, reliable, and ensure the best protection for the health of American consumers. This book addresses the biggest concerns in food safetyâ€including microbial disease surveillance plans, tools for establishing food safety criteria, and issues specific to meat, dairy, poultry, seafood, and produce. It provides a candid analysis of the problems with the current system, and outlines the major components of the task at hand: creating workable, streamlined food safety standards and practices. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook United States. Food Safety and Inspection Service. Microbiology Division, 1998 |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Food Microbiology, 2 Volume Set Osman Erkmen, T. Faruk Bozoglu, 2016-06-13 This book covers application of food microbiology principles into food preservation and processing. Main aspects of the food preservation techniques, alternative food preservation techniques, role of microorganisms in food processing and their positive and negative features are covered. Features subjects on mechanism of antimicrobial action of heat, thermal process, mechanisms for microbial control by low temperature, mechanism of food preservation, control of microorganisms and mycotoxin formation by reducing water activity, food preservation by additives and biocontrol, food preservation by modified atmosphere, alternative food processing techniques, and traditional fermented products processing. The book is designed for students in food engineering, health science, food science, agricultural engineering, food technology, nutrition and dietetic, biological sciences and biotechnology fields. It will also be valuable to researchers, teachers and practising food microbiologists as well as anyone interested in different branches of food. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Handbook of Microbiological Criteria for Foods , 2020-04 This invaluable handbook provides practical working guidance for those involved in producing, using and interpreting microbiological criteria in the food and catering industries and brings together microbiological criteria derived from the practical experience of the authors, and existing guidelines and standards. Written by professional food microbiologists with wide experience and backed by the independent and dependable reputation of the Institute of Food Science & Technology, it discusses definitions, derivation and limitations of microbiological criteria, and sets out tables for different commodities and technologies. This latest edition has been updated to reflect recently developed microbiological methods, changes to taxonomy, inclusion of recently emerged pathogens and a brief description of recently developed processing technologies. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiological Safety and Quality of Food Barbara M. Lund, Tony C. Baird-Parker, Grahame Warwick Gould, 2000 This authoritative two-volume reference provides valuable, necessary information on the principles underlying the production of microbiologically safe and stable foods. The work begins with an overview and then addresses four major areas: 'Principles and application of food preservation techniques' covers the specific techniques that defeat growth of harmful microorganisms, how those techniques work, how they are used, and how their effectiveness is measured. 'Microbial ecology of different types of food' provides a food-by-food accounting of food composition, naturally occurring microflora, effects of processing, how spoiling can occur, and preservation. 'Foodborne pathogens' profiles the most important and the most dangerous microorganisms that can be found in foods, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, mycotoxins, and 'mad cow disease.' The section also looks at the economic aspects and long-term consequences of foodborne disease. 'Assurance of the microbiological safety and quality of foods' scrutinizes all aspects of quality assurance, including HACCP, hygienic factory design, methods of detecting organisms, risk assessment, legislation, and the design and accreditation of food microbiology laboratories. Tables, photographs, illustrations, chapter-by-chapter references, and a thorough index complete each volume. This reference is of value to all academic, research, industrial and laboratory libraries supporting food programs; and all institutions involved in food safety, microbiology and food microbiology, quality assurance and assessment, food legislation, and generally food science and technology. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microorganisms in Foods 8 International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF), 2011-06-02 Microorganisms in Foods 8: Use of Data for Assessing Process Control and Product Acceptance is written by the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods with assistance from a limited number of consultants. The purpose of this book is to provide guidance on appropriate testing of food processing environments, processing lines, and finished product to enhance the safety and microbiological quality of the food supply. Microorganisms in Foods 8 consists of two parts. Part I, Principles of Using Data in Microbial Control, builds on the principles of Microorganisms in Foods 7: Microbiological Testing in Food Safety Management (2002), which illustrates how HACCP and Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) provide greater assurance of safety than microbiological testing, but also identifies circumstances where microbiological testing may play a useful role. Part II, Specific Applications to Commodities, provides practical examples of criteria and other tests and is an updated and expanded version of Part II of Microorganisms in Foods 2: Sampling for Microbiological Analysis: Principles and Specific Applications (2nd ed. 1986). Part II also builds on the 2nd edition of Microorganisms in Foods 6: Microbial Ecology of Food Commodities (2005) by identifying appropriate tests to evaluation the effectiveness of controls. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water Neusely da Silva, Marta H. Taniwaki, Valéria C.A. Junqueira, Neliane Silveira, Margarete Midori Okazaki, Renato Abeilar Romeiro Gomes, 2018-11-13 Microbiological Examination Methods of Food and Water (2nd edition) is an illustrated laboratory manual that provides an overview of current standard microbiological culture methods for the examination of food and water, adhered to by renowned international organizations, such as ISO, AOAC, APHA, FDA and FSIS/USDA. It includes methods for the enumeration of indicator microorganisms of general contamination, indicators of hygiene and sanitary conditions, sporeforming, spoilage fungi and pathogenic bacteria. Every chapter begins with a comprehensive, in-depth and updated bibliographic reference on the microorganism(s) dealt with in that particular section of the book. The latest facts on the taxonomic position of each group, genus or species are given, as well as clear guidelines on how to deal with changes in nomenclature on the internet. All chapters provide schematic comparisons between the methods presented, highlighting the main differences and similarities. This allows the user to choose the method that best meets his/her needs. Moreover, each chapter lists validated alternative quick methods, which, though not described in the book, may and can be used for the analysis of the microorganism(s) dealt with in that particular chapter. The didactic setup and the visualization of procedures in step-by-step schemes allow the user to quickly perceive and execute the procedure intended. Support material such as drawings, procedure schemes and laboratory sheets are available for downloading and customization. This compendium will serve as an up-to-date practical companion for laboratory professionals, technicians and research scientists, instructors, teachers and food and water analysts. Alimentary engineering, chemistry, biotechnology and biology (under)graduate students specializing in food sciences will also find the book beneficial. It is furthermore suited for use as a practical/laboratory manual for graduate courses in Food Engineering and Food Microbiology. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Practical Food Microbiology Diane Roberts, Melody Greenwood, 2008-04-15 The main approaches to the investigation of food microbiology in the laboratory are expertly presented in this, the third edition of the highly practical and well-established manual. The new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to take account of the latest legislation and technological advances in food microbiology, and offers a step-by-step guide to the practical microbiological examination of food in relation to public health problems. It provides ‘tried and tested’ standardized procedures for official control laboratories and those wishing to provide a competitive and reliable food examination service. The Editors are well respected, both nationally and internationally, with over 20 years of experience in the field of public health microbiology, and have been involved in the development of food testing methods and microbiological criteria. The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) has provided microbiological advice and scientific expertise in the examination of food samples for more than half a century. The third edition of Practical Food Microbiology: Includes a rapid reference guide to key microbiological tests for specific foods Relates microbiological assessment to current legislation and sampling plans Includes the role of new approaches, such as chromogenic media and phage testing Discusses both the theory and methodology of food microbiology Covers new ISO, CEN and BSI standards for food examination Includes safety notes and hints in the methods |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiological Guidelines Collective,, 2018-04-04 Food plays an essential part in everyday life. Food should be tasty, healthy, sustainable and preferably not too expensive. But food should also be safe and with sufficient guarantees on maintaining good quality aspects until the end of shelf life. The various actors in the food supply chain have an interest in verifying the expected quality and safety by means of microbiological analyses of food. Measurement brings knowledge and microbiological guidelines help in the decision-making process for judging the acceptability of food or food production processes. The present handbook provides microbiological guidelines and current applicable EU legal criteria (status 1.1.2018) for a wide range of food categories (dairy, meat, seafoods, plant-based foods, bakery products, composite foods, shelf-stable food, water) and subcategories therein, based upon the type of food processing and intrinsic characteristics of the foods. This book can be consulted to provide quick answers on the expected microbiological contamination of foodstuff. It can help in interpretation of test results in assessing good (hygienic) practices in the production of food, determining the shelf life and ensuring food safety. The handbook also presents definitions of the wide variety of foodstuffs available and some reflections on, in particular, food safety issues or the on-going debate for some food items in assessing microbial quality. This book provides crucial information about food safety, for the use of students and professionals. EXTRACT First we eat, then we do everything else M.F.K. Fisher Food plays an important part in everyday life. But when being a food scientist or in the food business, food gets to be an even bigger part of your life. Our team at the Food Microbiology and Food Preservation research group (FMFP-UGent) at Ghent University during its academic tasks in education, research, scientific activities at committees, but also in interaction with many food companies and stakeholders in the food supply chain in projects or contract work, has built up considerable expertise on the microbiological analysis of a large variety of foodstuffs. Being situated in Ghent, and thus close to Brussels, the heart of Europe, we intrinsically have to understand and deal with legal EU criteria or action limits. The latter is the reason why this book is mainly oriented towards inclusion or making reference to EU legal microbiological criteria for foodstuffs as well. ABOUT THE AUTHORS The main author, Prof. Mieke Uyttendaele, leads, together with Prof. Frank Devlieghere, the Food Microbiology and Food Preservation Research Group (FMFP-UGent) at Ghent University, Belgium. Her teaching and research area covers aspects of microbiological analysis of foods, food safety and food hygiene. She has built over twenty years of experience by executing, initiating and coordinating various projects in this research discipline dealing with sampling and testing to collect baseline data on the microbial contamination of foods, looking into the virulence of food-borne pathogens, elaborating challenge testing to study the behavior of food-borne pathogens. All this information serves as an input for quality assurance and microbial risk assessment to support food safety decision-making and setting microbiological criteria. She was/is the promotor of more than 25 Ph.D students (including EU and non-EU citizens). Throughout her career, Prof. Uyttendaele has published more than 270 peer reviewed scientific papers, authored several book chapters and presented at numerous international Conferences/Workshops. Throughout the years she has also used her scientific expertise in interpretation of test results for analyses obtained in routine monitoring or analysis executed at the food service lab at FMFP-UGent. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiological Testing in Food Safety Management International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, 2002 The latest book in this excellent series describes the role of microbiological testing in modern food safety management systems. It explores how risk assessment and risk management can be used to establish goals for use in controlling food borne illness, and provides guidelines for establishing effective management systems to control specific hazards in foods. This groundbreaking book will interest food microbiologists, researchers, and others in the food industry, regulatory agencies and academia worldwide. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbiological Methods for Environment, Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis Abhishek Chauhan, Tanu Jindal, 2020-09-18 This book provides a broad account of various applied aspects of microbiology for quality and safety evaluations in food, water, soil, environment and pharmaceutical sciences. The work is timely, as the safety and quality of various commodities such as water and wastewater, food, pharmaceutical medications and medical devices are of paramount concern in developing countries globally for improved public health quality in areas ranging from food security to disease exposure. The book offers an introduction to basic concepts of biosafety and related microbiological practices and applies these methodologies to a multitude of disciplines in subject-focused chapters. Each chapter offers experiments and exercises pertaining to the specific area of interest in microbiological research, which will allow readers to apply the knowledge gained in a laboratory or classroom setting to see the microbiological methods discussed in practice. The book will be useful for industrialists, researchers, academics and undergraduate/graduate students of microbiology, biotechnology, botany and pharmaceutical sciences. The text aims to be a significant contribution in effectively guiding scientists, analysts, lab technicians and quality managers working with microbiology in industrial and commercial fields. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microorganisms in Foods 6 International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF), 2006-06-18 Intended for those interested in applied aspects of food microbiology, for 17 commodity areas, this book describes the initial microbial flora and the prevalence of pathogens, the microbiological consequences of processing, spoilage patterns, episodes implicating those commodities with foodborne illness, and measures to control pathogens. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microorganisms in Foods 2 International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, 1986 The control of food safety in modern food processing relies upon HACCP and other systems that identify hazards and define processes to control them. These demand a thorough understanding of the properties of microbial pathogens under all the conditions that could be found in foods and the food processing equipment. Detailed information about each of the main organisms responsible for causing microbial food poisoning is presented here in an accessible and systematic way. An overview of key properties for each organism is followed by a series of tables detailing the response of the organism under a range of variable conditions. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Sampling and Analysis of Indoor Microorganisms Chin S. Yang, Patricia A. Heinsohn, 2007-04-20 Investigation techniques and analytical methodologies for addressing microbial contamination indoors Microbial contamination indoors is a significant environmental and occupational health and safety problem. This book provides fundamental background information on fungal and bacterial growth indoors as well as in-depth, practical approaches to analyzing and remedying problems. The information helps investigators, laboratory managers, and environmental health professionals properly use state-of-the-science methods and correctly interpret the results. With chapters by expert microbiologists, mycologists, environmental professionals, and industrial hygienists, Sampling and Analysis of Indoor Microorganisms is a multidisciplinary, comprehensive reference on advanced approaches, covering: Microbiological problems in a water-damaged environment Indoor construction techniques and materials that impact environmental microbiology Microbial ecology indoors, airborne bacteria, genetic-based analytical methods, and statistical tools for microorganism analysis Microbiological sampling approaches Mold removal principles and methods, including specialized microbial remediation techniques for HVAC systems, legionellas and biofilms, and sewage contamination A forensic approach toward the assessment of fungal growth in the indoor environment A must-have guide for practicing professionals, including environmental health and safety personnel, public health officials, and building and construction engineers and architects, this is also a valuable reference for attorneys, home inspectors, water restoration personnel, mold remediation contractors, insurance adjusters, and others. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microorganisms in Foods 5 International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, 1996-06-30 The aim of this book is to assemble detailed information relating to foodborne pathogens in order to make it readily accessible to those who wish to employ the HACCP system for the control of microbial hazards. The book is concerned solely with foodborne pathogens and does not discuss spoilage organisms. Each chapter provides a general survey of a foodborne pathogen, with appropriate referencing to authoritative review material. Reviews the history and the occurrence of the organism in nature as well as its taxonomy. Discusses the symptoms (but not the treatment) of the relevant foodborne disease syndrome(s), as well as the mechanism of pathogenicity. Consideration is given to the available method for the enumeration and identification of the organism, as well as possible alternative methods. Also reviews the epidemiology of the foodborne disease and its importance. Each chapter concerns itself with the specific parameters that influence the growth, survival or death of the microorganism. Includes information on temperature, water activity, pH, irradiation, preservatives, gases, disinfectants and, where possible, on interactions between these parameters. Written for food technologists, product developers, food microbiologists and regulators. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Micro-organisms in Foods International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, 1974 |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microorganisms in Foods: ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods), 1991-01-15 Book 4 covers the need for operations to assure safety and quality of foods. It describes particularly the `hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)' philosophy, and how this can be applied and monitored. In the latter part of the book, a wide range of food commodities and processes are used to illustrate how HACCP can be applied. Book 4 will be an essential reference work for people working in all industries associated with food production, processing and control, as well as for teaching establishments and regulatory bodies. The paperback has the cover title `HACCP in Microbiological Safety and Quality' |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods APHA Technical Committee on Microbiological Methods for Foods, 1984 |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: The Microbiology of Safe Food Stephen J. Forsythe, 2008-04-15 The book will provide an overview of the important issues in food safety, which shows no sign of diminishing as a topic of huge concern from industry to consumer. The book does not set out to compete with large standard food microbiology titles that are well established, but will be a companion text with less scientific background detail and more information for those actually going into jobs where a practical knowledge of food safety issues is necessary. The companion website for this book can be found at: http://www.foodmicrobe.com/info.htm Practically oriented Author has wide experience of teaching cutting edge food safety information Topic of great and growing concern Succinct, core, vital information for food industry personnel |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Principles of Bacterial Detection: Biosensors, Recognition Receptors and Microsystems Mohammed Zourob, Sauna Elwary, Anthony P. F. Turner, 2008-09-03 Principles of Bacterial Detection: Biosensors, Recognition Receptors and Microsystems will cover the up-to-date biosensor technologies used for the detection of bacteria. Written by the world's most renowned and learned scientists each in their own area of expertise, Principles of Bacterial Detection: Biosensors, Recognition Receptors and Microsystems is the first title to cover this expanding research field. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: The Use of Drugs in Food Animals National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Board on Agriculture, Committee on Drug Use in Food Animals, Panel on Animal Health, Food Safety, and Public Health, 1999-01-12 The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: The Microbiological Safety of Low Water Activity Foods and Spices Joshua B. Gurtler, Michael P. Doyle, Jeffrey L. Kornacki, 2014-12-08 Low water activity (aw) and dried foods such as dried dairy and meat products, grain-based and dried ready-to-eat cereal products, powdered infant formula, peanut and nut pastes, as well as flours and meals have increasingly been associated with product recalls and foodborne outbreaks due to contamination by pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and enterohemorrhagic E. coli. In particular, recent foodborne outbreaks and product recalls related to Salmonella-contaminated spices have raised the level of public health concern for spices as agents of foodborne illnesses. Presently, most spices are grown outside the U.S., mainly in 8 countries: India, Indonesia, China, Brazil, Peru, Madagascar, Mexico and Vietnam. Many of these countries are under-developed and spices are harvested and stored with little heed to sanitation. The FDA has regulatory oversight of spices in the United States; however, the agency’s control is largely limited to enforcing regulatory compliance through sampling and testing only after imported foodstuffs have crossed the U.S. border. Unfortunately, statistical sampling plans are inefficient tools for ensuring total food safety. As a result, the development and use of decontamination treatments is key. This book provides an understanding of the microbial challenges to the safety of low aw foods, and a historic backdrop to the paradigm shift now highlighting low aw foods as vehicles for foodborne pathogens. Up-to-date facts and figures of foodborne illness outbreaks and product recalls are included. Special attention is given to the uncanny ability of Salmonella to persist under dry conditions in food processing plants and foods. A section is dedicated specifically to processing plant investigations, providing practical approaches to determining sources of persistent bacterial strains in the industrial food processing environment. Readers are guided through dry cleaning, wet cleaning and alternatives to processing plant hygiene and sanitation. Separate chapters are devoted to low aw food commodities of interest including spices, dried dairy-based products, low aw meat products, dried ready-to-eat cereal products, powdered infant formula, nuts and nut pastes, flours and meals, chocolate and confectionary, dried teas and herbs, and pet foods. The book provides regulatory testing guidelines and recommendations as well as guidance through methodological and sampling challenges to testing spices and low aw foods for the presence of foodborne pathogens. Chapters also address decontamination processes for low aw foods, including heat, steam, irradiation, microwave, and alternative energy-based treatments. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Statistical aspects of microbiological criteria related to foods Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization , 2019-02-14 Microbiological Criteria have been used in food production and the food regulatory context for many years. While the food-specific aspects of microbiological criteria are well understood, the mathematical and statistical aspects are often less well appreciated, which hinders the consistent and appropriate application of microbiological criteria in the food industry. This document has been developed to begin redressing this situation. A particular aim of this document is to illustrate the important mathematical and statistical aspects of microbiological criteria, but with minimal statistical jargon, equations and mathematical details. It is hoped that the resulting document and support materials make this subject more accessible to a broad audience. This volume and others in this Microbiological Risk Assessment Series contain information that is useful to both food safety risk assessors and risk managers, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, governments and regulatory agencies, food producers and processers and other institutions and individuals with an interest in Microbiological Criteria. This volume in particular aims to support food business operators, quality assurance managers, food safety-policy makers and risk managers. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbial Food Contamination Charles L. Wilson Ph.D., 2007-10-08 Divided into five parts, Microbial Food Contamination, Second Edition looks at emerging foodborne human pathogens andcomprehensively evaluates the microbiology, biochemistry, detection, risk, and threat of foodborne illness in today's global market. The first section introduces new insights into the pathogenic effect of E. coli, viral |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Microbial Control and Food Preservation Vijay K. Juneja, Hari P. Dwivedi, John N. Sofos, 2018-01-23 This edited volume provides up-to-date information on recent advancements in efforts to enhance microbiological safety and quality in the field of food preservation. Chapters from experts in the field cover new and emerging alternative food preservation techniques and highlight their potential applications in food processing. A variety of different natural antimicrobials are discussed, including their source, isolation, industrial applications, and the dosage needed for use as food preservatives. In addition, the efficacy of each type of antimicrobial, used alone or in combination with other food preservation methods, is considered. Factors that limit the use of antimicrobials as food preservatives, such as moisture, temperature, and the ingredients comprising foods, are also discussed. Finally, consumer perspectives related to the acceptance of various preservation approaches for processed foods are described. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Micro-organisms in Foods: Their Significance and Methods of Enumeration Frederick Sidney Thatcher, 1974 |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Rapid Analysis Techniques in Food Microbiology P. Patel, 2012-12-06 The food industry, with its diverse range of products (e.g. short shelf-life foods, modified atmosphere packaged products and minimally processed products) is governed by strict food legislation, and microbiological safety has become a key issue. Legally required to demonstrate 'due diligence', food manufacturers are demanding analytical techniques that are simple to use, cost effective, robust, reliable and can provide results in 'real time'. The majority of current microbiological techniques (classical or rapid), particularly for the analysis of foodborne pathogens, give results that are only of retrospective value and do not allow proactive or reactive measures to be imple mented during modem food production. Rapid methods for microbial analysis need to be considered in the context of modem Quality Assurance (QA) systems. This book addresses microbiologists, biochemists and immunologists in the food industry, the public health sector, academic and research institutes, and manufacturers of kits and instruments. This volume is an up-to-date account of recent developments in rapid food microbiological analysis, current approaches and problems, rapid methods in relation to QA systems, and future perspectives in an intensely active field. P.D.P. Contributors Public Health Laboratory, Royal Preston Hospital, PO Box F.J. Bolton 202, Sharoe Green Lane North, Preston PR2 4HG, UK. D. M. Gibson Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Torry Research Station, 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen AB9 8DG, Scotland. P.A. Hall Microbiology and Food Safety, Kraft General Foods, 801 Waukegan Road, Glenview, Illinois 60025, USA. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: The Microbiological Quality of Food Antonio Bevilacqua, Maria Rosaria Corbo, Milena Sinigaglia, 2024-10-25 The Microbiological Quality of Food: Foodborne Spoilers covers the microbiological spoilage of foods, with a focus on the spoilers, the foods themselves, and the signs of spoilage. The book addresses traditional spoilers (filamentous fungi, spore-forming bacteria, yeasts, SSO in fish), as well as some emerging spoilers (Pseudomonas), now recognized as primary targets. Sections also provide a brief overview of important foods (vegetables, milk and dairy products, meat, and fish) and addresses safety and economic loss. Details on the signs of spoilage, how to prevent spoilers, and methods of detecting spoilage and spoilage microorganisms in foods are also presented. This is an authoritative reference for researchers, scientists and students who need to understand microbial spoilage, the impact of biofilm on the quality and safety of many foods, and the implications of biofilm for spoilage and shelf life. Hot topics covered by this book include the possible link between food spoilage and food safety as a consequence of antibiotic resistance spreading all over the world. - Presents Definitions: taxonomy, definition of food spoilage according to the literature and regulatory frameworks - Provides Case Studies: for some foods and emerging spoilers, along with examples of how to prolong the shelf life - Includes Calculations/worked examples: models and practical examples to calculate the shelf life of foods and to design and effective method to inhibit spoilers |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Analytical Food Microbiology Ahmed E. Yousef, Joy G. Waite-Cusic, Jennifer J. Perry, 2022-02-15 The new edition of the highly regarded laboratory manual for courses in food microbiology Analytical Food Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual develops the practical skills and knowledge required by students and trainees to assess the microbiological quality and safety of food. This user-friendly textbook covers laboratory safety, basic microbiological techniques, evaluation of food for various microbiological groups, detection and enumeration of foodborne pathogens, and control of undesirable foodborne microorganisms. Each well-defined experiment includes clear learning objectives and detailed explanations to help learners understand essential techniques and approaches in applied microbiology. The fully revised second edition presents improved conventional techniques, advanced analytical methodologies, updated content reflecting emerging food safety concerns, and new laboratory experiments incorporating commercially available microbiological media. Throughout the book, clear and concise chapters explain culture- and molecular-based approaches for assessing microbial quality and safety of diverse foods. This expanded and updated resource: Reviews aseptic techniques, dilution, plating, streaking, isolation, and other basic microbiological procedures Introduces exercises and relevant microorganisms with pertinent background information and reference material Describes each technique using accessible explanatory text, detailed illustrations, and easy-to-follow flowcharts Employs a proven “building block” approach throughout, with each new chapter building upon skills from the previous chapter Provides useful appendices of microbiological media, recommended control organisms, available supplies and equipment, and laboratory exercise reports With methods drawn from the authors’ extensive experience in academic, regulatory, and industry laboratories, Analytical Food Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students in food microbiology courses, as well as food processors and quality control personnel in laboratory training programs. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Modern Food Microbiology James M. Jay, 2012-04-03 This fourth edition of Modern Food Microbiology is written primarily for use as a textbook in a second or subsequent course in microbiology. The previous editions have found usage in courses in food microbiology and applied microbiology in liberal arts, food science, food technology, nutritional science, and nutrition curricula. Although organic chemistry is a desirable prerequisite, those with a good grasp of biology and chemistry should not find this book difficult. In addition to its use as a textbook, this edition, like the previous one, contains material that goes beyond that covered in a typical microbiology course (parts of Chaps. 4, 6, and 7). This material is included for its reference value and for the benefit of professionals in microbiology, food science, nutrition, and related fields. This edition contains four new chapters, and with the exception of Chapter 15, which received only minor changes, the remaining chapters have undergone extensive revision. The new chapters are 17 (indicator organisms), 18 (quality control), 21 (listeriae and listeriosis), and 24 (animal parasites). Six chapters in the previous edition have been com bined; they are represented in this edition by Chapters 12, 13, and 14. In the broad area of food microbiology, one of the challenges that an author must deal with is that of producing a work that is up to date. |
| food sampling for microbiological analysis: Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Water Science and Technology Board, Board on Life Sciences, Committee on Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens, 2004-06-19 Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens. Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples. This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a tool box approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application. The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches. |
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